Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting
We owe all life on our planet to sunlight Our health and well being are truly dependent on sunlight Our ability to see is perfectly attuned to sunlight
This extraordinaryy light g source makes p plants g grow and lets the colours of our world radiate 2
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Conventional indoor light sources produce o o o o
a yellow tinged light with low colour temperature low colour rendering a spectrum which differs significantly from th t off natural that t l sunlight li ht we do not see the colours around us as nature intended
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting Beginning g g of artificial lighting g g People have always lived and worked in the great outdoors and were continually p to natural sunlight, g until the g great American inventor Thomas Alva Edison exposed produced a reliable long lasting source of light with electricity in 1879. In December 1879 Edison‘s Menlo Park Laboratory in New Jersey, NY was the first complex on our planet which was electrically lighted.
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting Birth of the incandescent light bulb
Thomas Alva Edison in Menlo Park, New Jersey, NY 5
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting Light: food for our bodies Each of our eyes contain about 137 million photoreceptors. photoreceptors These photoreceptions transform light into electrical impulses that are sent to the brain travelling to the visual cortex for the constructions of images, while others travel to the brains hypothalamus and affect our vital functions . excerpt from “Light - Medicine of the Future“ by Dr.Jacob Liberman, O.D., Ph.D.
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thalamus optical part of visual nerve pineal gland energetic part of visual nerve
vision bark
small brain
Most of the light enters our body through the eyes. One portion is used at the back of our head vision. The major part enters the center of our brain and is transferred to each and every cell of our body.
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Full spectrum daylight improves our visibility and reading comfort Reading under full spectrum light causes less strain to the eyes because it offers high contrast and reflects colours accurately 1. Make a test by reading under a full spectrum lamp 1. Make a test by reading under a full spectrum lamp 1.
Make a test by reading under a full spectrum lamp
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Make a test by y reading g under a full spectrum p lamp p
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Make a test by reading under a full spectrum lamp
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Make a test by reading under a full spectrum lamp
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Make a test by reading under a full spectrum lamp
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting John Ott and the apple tree In the early 1950s Walt Disney asked the well-known photographer and d bi biologist l i t JJohn h Ott to t make k a time ti lapse l fil film off apples l growing i from the bud to the ripe fruit. It was to be used for a film “Secrets of life” released in 1957. For time lapse photography it is important that the object does not move. As it was very windy, John Ott decided to put a glass box around the apples pp he wanted to p photograph. g p After many y weeks at the end of filming John Ott was surprised to discover that all other apples on the tree were looking great, had yellow/red colour and were juicy. But the apples he filmed in the glass box were small and looked pale and sickly. sickly This was clear evidence about the importance of UV for the growth of plants because the glass filtered out most of the UV from the sunshine. Our modern living today is not very different. We live in homes with Glass windows, work in modern offices with glass windows and drive automobiles with glass windows.
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting John Ott and the apple tree Impact of UV-deficiency on plants
Window glass
© Life Energy Systems
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting Pros and Cons of UV light
Si th ti off th l t i iincandescent d tb lb iin 1879 we began b t withdraw ithd Since the iinvention the electric bulb to more an more behind the walls and windows and exposed ourselves to artificial light - which differs significantly from natural sunlight.
Looking at our homes, buildings and automobiles today, we discover that our modern life is not much different than the apples of John Ott in the glass box that keep us away from the essential parts of natural daylight which are so important for our well being. During my travels to different European and North American countries I always discovered that in southern regions with plenty of sunshine we see more happy people with smiling faces compared to the north with less sunshine.
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting Pros and Cons of UV light g In our modern way of life, our skin is no more used to natural sunshine and the risk of getting sunburn on a vacation in a sunny place is high. Dr. Jacob Liberman mentions in his book, “Light Medicine of the future” that for millions of year’s life evolved under the constant influence of sunlight. People have always felt and recognised their connection with light. Its effects were so profoundly obvious to ancient cultures that they revered the sun as god, blessing it dailyy for its gifts. g According to photo biologist Dr. John Ott, there are strong indications that UV light through the eyes stimulates the immune system. There is no question that UV light in large amounts is h f l h t it acts t according di tto Ott, Ott as a “life “lif supporting ti nutrient” t i t” th harmful; however iin ttrace amounts, thatt iis highly beneficial.
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Pros and Cons of UV light We should also consider that in the last hundred years, we have polluted our atmosphere to such an extent that it is partly not able to perform a healthy filter function against harmful short waves that are coming down to the surface of our planet. With the development of artificial full spectrum light, g , with small traces of UVA , UVB and having a spectrum, colour temperature and colour rendering close to that of sunlight, we are able to have indoor lighting beneficial for our well being.
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SAD - Seasonal Affective Disorder Dr. Norman Rosenthal identified the symptoms of SAD in 1981 o o o o o
drastic mood fluctuations increased need for sleep low energy level excessive eating increase in weight
(Excerpt from “Winter Winter Blues” Blues – Norman E E. Rosenthal Rosenthal, M M.D.) D)
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Estimated SAD and Sub-syndrome SAD at different latitudes
Latitude
SAD
Sub-SAD
45°-50°
Washington, Montana, N. Dakota, Minnesota, N. Michigan, Maine, S. Quebec, S. Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and BC
10.2%
20.2%
40 40°45°
Oregon, Idaho Oregon Idaho, Wyoming, Wyoming S. S Dakota, Dakota Nebraska, Iowa, N. Indiana, Ohio, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New Jersey
8%
17 1% 17.1%
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Estimated SAD and Sub-syndrome SAD at different Latitudes
Latitude
SAD
Sub-SAD
35°-40°
N. California, Nevada, Utah, Kansas Colorado, Oklahoma, S. Illinois Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, W. Virginia, Maryland, N. Carolina Washington D. C, Delaware,
5.8%
13.9%
30 30°35°
S. California, S California Arizona, Arizona New Mexico, Mexico Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, S. Carolina
3 6% 3.6%
10 6% 10.6%
It is estimated that nearly 25 million people in The United States alone feel the effects of this disorder called “Seasonal Seasonal Affective Disorder” Disorder 16
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting Analysis of sunlight wavelengths measured in nanometres
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Analysis of sunlight wavelengths measured in nanometres
The UV parts are approximately: UVA – 5.4% UVB – 1.2% UVC – 0.4% 0 4% The light intensity of sunshine in summer months can be around 100,000 LUX
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Wavelength of sunshine in nanometres Sunlight is composed of variety of energies that are transmitted to our planet in form of electromagnetic waves. Only a small portion of these waves actually reaches the earth’s surface including the UV, the colours of the rainbow from violet to red and the infrared. infrared
UVC UVB UVA violet blue
100 – 290 Nm 290 – 320 Nm 320 – 380 Nm 380 – 440 Nm 440 – 495 Nm
green yellow orange red infrared ( short )
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495 – 570 Nm 570 – 595 Nm 595 – 625 Nm 625 – 700 Nm 700 – 4000 Nm
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting
Colour Rendering Index ( CRI ) is a measure of the ability of the light source to reproduce the true colours of objects being lit by the source expressed in percent. So a CRI of 96 means 96 % . The best possible rendition of colours is specified by a CRI of 100 .The higher the CRI, the more natural the colours of objects appear. The CRI is especially important when evaluating fluorescent light sources because they have a wide range of CRI from 65 to 96. For example triphosphor fluorescent lamps have a CRI of around 85 85. Instantdaylite® fullspectrum fluorescent lamps have a CRI of 96 and higher.
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Colour temperature ( Kelvin ) This refers to the colour appearance of the light. The colour temperature of lamps creates the mood of the space around and can influence the viewing of colours of various objects and work performance. This apparent colour of light source is measured in Kelvin (K). Natural daylight has 5800 Kelvin being a blue/white light . A low colour temperature corresponds to “warm” or red yellow appearance like incandescent lamps at 2800 Kelvin or candle light at 1850 Kelvin Kelvin.
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Colour temperature
Candle light Incandescent light bulb Standard fluorescent lamps Cool white fluorescent lamps Noon daylight Full spectrum fluorescent lamps Blue sky
2700 3800 5500 5500 10000
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1850 K 2800 K - 3500 K - 4100 K - 5800 K - 5800 K -12000 12000 K
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting
Standard white fluorescent tube In our homes and offices we mostly use incandescent light g bulbs or fluorescent tubes with low colour temperature and low CRI.
The spectrum of these lamps is significantly incomplete and different from that of natural sunshine. All colours under such a light will look yellowish and reddish.
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How can we meet this challenge ?
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Full spectrum Instantdaylite® tubes
The UV parts are: UVA – 4,0% UVB – 0,4% UVC – 0,0%
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting Spectral p comparison p
Colour rendering index (CRI) Colour temperature (Kelvin) Ultraviolet share (UVA) %
Daylight 99 5850 5 40 5,40
Instantdaylite® 96 5800 4 00 4,00
Conventional tubes 83 4200 0 00 0,00
It is seen clearly that conventional tubes not only distort colours but do not emit UVA radiation which is crucial in all biological functions of plants and animals animals. In contrast to this full spectrum tubes - as used in INSTANTDAYLITE° - follow very closely the data of natural daylight in colour rendering, in colour temperature and last not least in the all important UVA share of sunlight sunlight. 26
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Unique features of Instantdaylite®
For the first time a sufficient concentration of full spectrum tubes together with •
Special blinds with a computer genererated shape which disperses light also parallel to the ceiling giving a "halo" effect
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Special grid ( louver ) with parabolic shaped quadrangular openings to eliminate glare
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Special tubes developed for Instantdaylite® as you will see in the next sheet
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Massatelier Prader - 6370 Kitzbühel (AT) 29
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Biohotel Stanglwirt - 6353 Going am wilden Kaiser (AT) 30
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Blumenhaus Pöll - 6370 Kitzbühel (AT) 31
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting
Vitalogic/Ordination Dr. Spona - 1020 Wien (AT) 32
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History of Instantdaylite® gy of full spectrum p tubes is not new in itself. The US g government commissioned The technology the development of fluorescent tubes for nuclear powered submarines and power stations where people spend months underground with no exposure to natural sunlight. Although the results back in the 90s were inadequate it was better than nothing and simulated circadian cycles which helped people over these long periods. Since then the quality of the tubes has improved, but no specific luminaires for them were on the market. In a collaboration between my partner Mrs. Eva Binder - who has a medical background through research conducted by her deceased husband husband, Univ.Prof.Dr.Dieter Univ Prof Dr Dieter Binder, Binder professor of organic chemistry at the University of Vienna, Univ.Prof. Dr .Bernd Saletu - as head of the sleep laboratory at the Central Hospital in Vienna together with his wife Dr. Gerda Saletu and myself - as founder and owner of a company producing special lights for exhibitions and Museums we succeeded to developed such specific luminaires under the brand name of Instantdaylite® and to start production in 2009.
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Sun and Health in Indoor Lighting Circadian cycle
High alertness Best coordination Highest testosterone secretion Fastest reaction time
Bowel movement likely Melatonin secretion stops p
Greatest cardiovascular efficiency and muscle strength
Sharpest rise in blood pressure
Highest blood pressure Highest body temperature Lowest body temperature
Melatonin secretion starts Deepest sleep
Bowel movements suppressed
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Conclusion The biological reactions triggered by natural or artificial sunlight start between 1700 and 2000 LUX at eye level. 20% of the light absorbed by the eyes is used for viewing. 80% of this light goes right into the hypothalamus as control center for the autonomous nervous system and the circadian cycles. y When yyou consider that natural sunlight g at noon in summer reaches > 80.000 LUX at eye level you understand the need for an adequate illumination which is certainly not reached with the 500 LUX as prescribed by the German building code. Together with a renowned lighting manufacturer with their own 5000 sqf. laboratory we succeeded to develop a luminaire which solves the challenges of heat dissipation, glare, tunable colour temperature, temperature electromagnetic compatibility and sufficient brightness to create an almost natural environment: Instantdaylite®. It is very similar to a solarium on the ceiling with one difference: You don´t don t get a tan but you get the UVA and UVB shares needed for your well being!
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Th k you for Thank f your interest! i t t!
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