Therapeutics Vitamins Beta carotene Vitamin A Vitamin B2 Vitamin B5 Vitamin B6 Folate Vitamin B12 Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamin K Flavonoids Lutein Quercetin Rutin Genistein Minerals Copper Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Potassium Selenium Zinc Botanicals Ashwaganda Bacopa Capsaicin

3-Ntyro

8-OxydG

Lipid peroxides

SOD

CAT

b1

b2* b6 b10

b3* b7

b4 b8

19

b

b b27*

b b20

b b45

b b46

b b47

b54

b53 b55

26

b b43 34

b b44 35

60

b

b78 b82

b

68

b79

b9

15

37

b63 b66

b77

36

GPx

b67 b75

38

b5 b11 b16 b22* b29* b32* b40 b49 b52

b12* b17 b23* b30*

b59

b56 b61

b57 b62 b64

b58

b69*

b70

b71

b b50 41

b13

b14 b18 b25

b24 b33 b42 b51

b b

b65 b72

b73

b74 b76

b80 b84

b83 b88 b90 b92

b21 b28* b31 b39 b48

GSH GSH/GSSG Cysteine Cys/CySS Cys/Sulfate

b89 b91 b93

Matt Lovell – Elite Sports Nutritionist – www.SportsNutritionVlog.com 

b85

b81 b86

b94 Page 1 

b87

Therapeutics Cayenne Curcumin Garlic Grapeseed Green tea Milk thistle Propolis Red ginseng Amino Acids Carnitine Cysteine Glutathione Glutamine Glycine Methionine NAC Serine Taurine Miscellaneous Alpha lipoic acid CoQ10 EPA/DHA

3-Ntyro

8-OxydG b96

115

b

b108 b116*

Lipid peroxides b95 b97 b102 b109 b117 127

b130 b b137

b

SOD

CAT

GPx

GSH GSH/GSSG Cysteine Cys/CySS Cys/Sulfate

b98 b103 b110 b118 b123 b128

b99 b104 b111 b119 b124 b129

b100 b105 b112 b120*

b101 b106 b113 b121 b125

b107 b114 b122

b131

b132 b135

b133 b136

b148

b142 b143 b149

b144 b150

b154

b155

b158

b159

134

b138 b139

b145

b146

b140

b147 b152

b153

b157 b167

b162*

b141

b160

b163* b164* b165* b166 b168 b169

Griffiths HR. Biomarkers. Mol Aspects Med. 2002 Feb-Jun;23(1-3):101-208.

Matt Lovell – Elite Sports Nutritionist – www.SportsNutritionVlog.com 

b

b151

b b156

* = Human studies 1

b126*

Page 2 

b161

2

Chao JC et al. Effects of beta-carotene, vitamin C and E on antioxidant status in hyperlipidemic smokers. J Nutr Biochem. 2002 Jul;13(7):427-434. McGill CR et al. Beta-carotene supplementation decreases leukocyte superoxide dismutase activity and serum glutathione peroxidase concentration in humans. J Nutr Biochem. 2003 Nov;14(11):656-62. 4 Yang SC et al. Effects of beta-carotene on cell viability and antioxidant status of hepatocytes from chronically ethanol-fed rats. Br J Nutr. 2004 Aug;92(2):209-15. 5 Shite J et al. Antioxidant vitamins attenuate oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction in tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Nov 15;38(6):173440. 6 Konovalova GG et al. Complex of vitamins and antioxidants protects low-density lipoproteins in blood plasma from free radical oxidation and activates antioxidants enzymes in erythrocytes from patients with coronary heart disease. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003 Aug;136(2):142-4. 7 Karar PK, Manavalan R, Rajagopal G. Erythrocyte, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in hypervitaminotic A rats and their modification by dietary protein. Indian J Exp Biol. 2002 Nov;40(11):1250-3. 8 Karar PK, Manavalan R, Rajagopal G. Erythrocyte, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in hypervitaminotic A rats and their modification by dietary protein. Indian J Exp Biol. 2002 Nov;40(11):1250-3. 9 Konovalova GG et al. Complex of vitamins and antioxidants protects low-density lipoproteins in blood plasma from free radical oxidation and activates antioxidants enzymes in erythrocytes from patients with coronary heart disease. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003 Aug;136(2):142-4. 10 Taniguchi M, Hara T. Effects of riboflavin and selenium deficiencies on glutathione and its relating enzyme activities with respect to lipid peroxide content of rat livers. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1983 Jun;29(3):283-92. 11 Manthey KC et al. Riboflavin deficiency causes protein and DNA damage in HepG2 cells, triggering arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle. J Nutr Biochem. 2005 Aug 15; [Epub ahead of print] 12 Warsy AS, e—Hazmi MA. Glutathione reductase deficiency in Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J. 1999 Nov;5(6):1208-12. 13 Moss M, Waring RH. The Plasma Cysteine/Sulphate Ratio: A possible Clincial Biomarker. J Nutri Enviro Med. 2003;13(4):215-229. 14 Moss M, Waring RH. The Plasma Cysteine/Sulphate Ratio: A possible Clincial Biomarker. J Nutri Enviro Med. 2003;13(4):215-229. 15 Slyshenkov VS et al. Protection by pantothenol and beta-carotene against liver damage produced by low-dose gamma radiation. Acta Biochim Pol. 1999;46(2):239-48. 16 Slyshenkov VS, Dymkowska D, Wojtczak L. Pantothenic acid and pantothenol increase biosynthesis of glutathione by boosting cell energetics. FEBS Lett. 2004 Jul 2;569(1-3):169-72. 17 Slyshenkov VS. Protection by pantothenol and beta-carotene against liver damage produced by low-dose gamma radiation. Acta Biochim Pol. 1999;46(2):239-48. 18 Moss M, Waring RH. The Plasma Cysteine/Sulphate Ratio: A possible Clincial Biomarker. J Nutri Enviro Med. 2003;13(4):215-229. 19 Taysi S. Oxidant/antioxidant status in liver tissue of vitamin B6 deficient rats. Clin Nutr. 2005 Jun;24(3):385-9. 20 Anand SS. Protective effect of vitamin B6 in chromium-induced oxidative stress in liver. J Appl Toxicol. 2005 Sep-Oct;25(5):440-3. 21 McGinnis WR. Oxidative stress in autism. Altern Ther Health Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;10(6):22-36; quiz 37, 92. 22 Worthingtom HV et al. Dietary antioxidant lack, impaired hepatic glutathione reserve, and cholesterol gallstones. Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Nov;349(1-2):157-65. 23 Calabrese V et al. Effects of Metadoxine on cellular status of glutathione and of enzymatic defence system following acute ethanol intoxication in rats. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1996;22(1):17-24. 24 Moss M, Waring RH. The Plasma Cysteine/Sulphate Ratio: A possible Clincial Biomarker. J Nutri Enviro Med. 2003;13(4):215-229. 25 Moss M, Waring RH. The Plasma Cysteine/Sulphate Ratio: A possible Clincial Biomarker. J Nutri Enviro Med. 2003;13(4):215-229. 26 Huang RF et al. Folate depletion and elevated plasma homocysteine promote oxidative stress in rat livers. J Nutr. 2001 Jan;131(1):33-8. 27 Mayer O Jr. et al. The effects of folate supplementation on some coagulation parameters and oxidative status surrogates. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;58(1):1-5. Epub 2002 Feb 19. 3

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Mayer O Jr. et al. The effects of folate supplementation on some coagulation parameters and oxidative status surrogates. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;58(1):1-5. Epub 2002 Feb 19. 29 Child DF et al. The effect of oral folic acid on glutathione, glycaemia and lipids in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2004 Apr;17(2):95-102. 30 McGinnis WR. Oxidative stress in autism. Altern Ther Health Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;10(6):22-36; quiz 37, 92. 31 Gombe S, Verjee ZH. Erythrocyte glutathione metabolism in cobalt-deficient goats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1976;46(2):165-72. 32 Carmel R, Melnyk S, James SJ. Cobalamin deficiency with and without neurologic abnormalities: differences in homocysteine and methionine metabolism. Blood. 2003 Apr 15;101(8):3302-8. Epub 2002 Dec 19. 33 Ozkan Y, Ozkan E, Simsek B. Plasma total homocysteine and cysteine levels as cardiovascular risk factors in coronary heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2002 Mar;82(3):269-77. 34 Griffiths HR et al. Biomarkers. Mol Aspects Med. 2002 Feb-Jun;23(1-3):101-208 35 Wu LL et al. Urinary 8-OHdG: a marker of oxidative stress to DNA and a risk factor for cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetics. Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Jan;339(1-2):1-9. 36 Galley HF et al. The effects of intravenous antioxidants in patients with septic shock. Free Radic Biol Med. 1997;23(5):768-74. 37 Griffiths HR et al. Biomarkers. Mol Aspects Med. 2002 Feb-Jun;23(1-3):101-208. 38 Zaidi SM et al. Modulation of restraint stress induced oxidative changes in rats by antioxidant vitamins. J Nutr Biochem. 2003 Nov;14(11):633-6. 39 Konovalova GG et al. Complex of vitamins and antioxidants protects low-density lipoproteins in blood plasma from free radical oxidation and activates antioxidants enzymes in erythrocytes from patients with coronary heart disease. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003 Aug;136(2):142-4. 40 Zaidi SM, Al-Qirim TM, Banu N. Effects of antioxidant vitamins on glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation induced by restraint stress in the rat liver. Drugs R D. 2005;6(3):157-65. 41 Shite J et al. Antioxidant vitamins attenuate oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction in tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Nov 15;38(6):173440. 42 Moss M, Waring RH. The Plasma Cysteine/Sulphate Ratio: A possible Clincial Biomarker. J Nutri Enviro Med. 2003;13(4):215-229. 43 Van der loo B et al. Enhanced peroxynitrite formation is associated with vascular aging. J Exp Med. 2000 Dec 18;192(12):1731-44. 44 Griffiths HR. Biomarkers. Mol Aspects Med. 2002 Feb-Jun;23(1-3):101-208. 45 Blakely S et al. Lutein interacts with ascorbic acid more frequently than with alpha-tocopherol to alter biomarkers of oxidative stress in female zucker obese rats. J Nutr. 2003 Sep;133(9):2838-44. 46 Zaidi SM et al. Modulation of restraint stress induced oxidative changes in rats by antioxidant vitamins. J Nutr Biochem. 2003 Nov;14(11):633-6. 47 Al-Abrash AS, Al-Quobaili FA, Al-Akhras GN. Catalase evaluation in different human diseases associated with oxidative stress. Saudi Med J. 2000 Sep;21(9):826-30. 48 McGinnis WR. Oxidative stress in autism. Altern Ther Health Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;10(6):22-36; quiz 37, 92. 49 Li J et al. Griffiths HR et al. Biomarkers. Mol Aspects Med. 2002 Feb-Jun;23(1-3):101-208. 50 Shite J et al. Antioxidant vitamins attenuate oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction in tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Nov 15;38(6):173440. 51 Moss M, Waring RH. The Plasma Cysteine/Sulphate Ratio: A possible Clincial Biomarker. J Nutri Enviro Med. 2003;13(4):215-229. 52 Li J et al. Novel role of vitamin k in preventing oxidative injury to developing oligodendrocytes and neurons. J Neurosci. 2003 Jul 2;23(13):5816-26. 53 Blakely S et al. Lutein interacts with ascorbic acid more frequently than with alpha-tocopherol to alter biomarkers of oxidative stress in female zucker obese rats. J Nutr. 2003 Sep;133(9):2838-44. 54 Boardi WY, Iyere PA, Adunyah SE. In vitro exposure to quercetin and genistein alters lipid peroxides and prevents the loss of glutathione in human progenitor mononuclear (U937) cells. J Appl Toxicol. 2005 Jan-Feb;25(1):82-8. 55 Naidu PS, Singh A, Kulkami SK. Reversal of haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia by quercetin, a bioflavonoid. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Jun;167(4):418-23. Epub 2003 Apr 1.

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Naidu PS, Singh A, Kulkami SK. Reversal of haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia by quercetin, a bioflavonoid. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Jun;167(4):418-23. Epub 2003 Apr 1. 57 Alia M et al. Influence of quercetin and rutin on growth and antioxidant defense system of a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Eur J Nutr. 2005 Mar 25; [Epub ahead of print] 58 Naidu PS, Singh A, Kulkami SK. Reversal of haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia by quercetin, a bioflavonoid. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Jun;167(4):418-23. Epub 2003 Apr 1. 59 Molina MF et al. Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, prevents and protects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Oct;26(10):1398402. 60 Griffiths HR et al. Biomarkers. Mol Aspects Med. 2002 Feb-Jun;23(1-3):101-208. 61 Alia M et al. Influence of quercetin and rutin on growth and antioxidant defense system of a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Eur J Nutr. 2005 Mar 25; [Epub ahead of print] 62 Alia M et al. Influence of quercetin and rutin on growth and antioxidant defense system of a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Eur J Nutr. 2005 Mar 25; [Epub ahead of print] 63 Boardi WY, Iyere PA, Adunyah SE. In vitro exposure to quercetin and genistein alters lipid peroxides and prevents the loss of glutathione in human progenitor mononuclear (U937) cells. J Appl Toxicol. 2005 Jan-Feb;25(1):82-8. 64 Suzuki K et al. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, induces glutathione peroxidase in the human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC-3. Int J Cancer. 2002 Jun 20;99(6):84652. 65 Boadi WY, Iyere PA, Adunyah SE. In vitro exposure to quercetin and genistein alters lipid peroxides and prevents the loss of glutathione in human progenitor mononuclear (U937) cells. J Appl Toxicol. 2005 Jan-Feb;25(1):82-8. 66 Seifried HE et al. Free radicals: the pros and cons of antioxidants. Executive summary report. J Nutr. 2004 Nov;134(11):3143S-3163S. 67 Lamb DJ et al. Dietary copper supplements modulate aortic superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide and atherosclerosis. Int J Exp Pathol. 2005 Aug;86(4):247-55. 68 Yamaguchi Y et al. Preventive effects of magnesium on raised serum lipid peroxide levels and aortic cholesterol deposition in mice fed an atherogenic diet. Magnes Res. 1994 Mar;7(1):31-7. 69 Kurys E et al. Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity and magnesium level in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska [Med]. 2001;56:261-6. 70 Pincemail J et al. Evaluating an individual's oxidative stress: a reality for doctors. No journal/page numbers. 71 Mak IT et al. Activation of the neutrophil and loss of plasma glutathione during Mg-deficiency--modulation by nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Mol Cell Biochem. 1997 Nov;176(1-2):35-9. 72 Kuzniar A et al. The influence of hypomagnesemia on erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme defence system in mice. Biometals. 2003 Jun;16(2):349-57. 73 Moss M, Waring RH. The Plasma Cysteine/Sulphate Ratio: A possible Clincial Biomarker. J Nutri Enviro Med. 2003;13(4):215-229. 74 McFadden SA. Phenotypic variation in xenobiotic metabolism and adverse environmental response: focus on sulfur-dependent detoxification pathways. Toxicology. 1996 Jul 17;111(1-3):43-65. 75 Luk E et al. Manganese activation of superoxide dismutase 2 in the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 17;280(24):22715-20. Epub 2005 Apr 25. 76 Moss M, Waring RH. The Plasma Cysteine/Sulphate Ratio: A possible Clincial Biomarker. J Nutri Enviro Med. 2003;13(4):215-229. 77 Schieke SM et al. Activation pattern of mitogen-activated protein kinases elicited by peroxynitrite: attenuation by selenite supplementation. FEBS Lett. 1999 Apr 9;448(23):301-3. 78 Griffiths HR. Biomarkers. Mol Aspects Med. 2002 Feb-Jun;23(1-3):101-208.

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Saito Y et al. Cell death caused by selenium deficiency and protective effect of antioxidants. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 10;278(41):39428-34. Epub 2003 Jul 29. Saito Y et al. Cell death caused by selenium deficiency and protective effect of antioxidants. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 10;278(41):39428-34. Epub 2003 Jul 29. 81 Kim HC et al. Protection of methamphetamine nigrostriatal toxicity by dietary selenium. Brain Res. 1999 Dec 18;851(1-2):76-86. 82 Griffiths HR. Biomarkers. Mol Aspects Med. 2002 Feb-Jun;23(1-3):101-208. 83 Pincemail 84 Zhou Z et al. Zinc supplementation prevents alcoholic liver injury in mice through attenuation of oxidative stress. Am J Pathol. 2005 Jun;166(6):1681-90. 85 McGinnis WR. Oxidative stress in autism. Altern Ther Health Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;10(6):22-36; quiz 37, 92. 86 Chen Y, Maret W. Catalytic selenols couple the redox cycles of metallothionein and glutathione. Eur J Biochem. 2001 Jun;268(11):3346-53. 87 Moss M, Waring RH. The Plasma Cysteine/Sulphate Ratio: A possible Clincial Biomarker. J Nutri Enviro Med. 2003;13(4):215-229. 88 Panda S, Kar A. Evidence for free radical scavenging activity of Ashwagandha root powder in mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1997 Oct;41(4):424-6. 89 Nelson SK et al. The induction of a human superoxide dismutase and catalase in vivo: a fundamentally new approach to antioxidant therapy. Pending journal and page numbers 90 Nelson SK et al. The induction of a human superoxide dismutase and catalase in vivo: a fundamentally new approach to antioxidant therapy. Pending journal and page numbers 91 Nelson SK et al. The induction of a human superoxide dismutase and catalase in vivo: a fundamentally new approach to antioxidant therapy. Pending journal and page numbers 92 Kempaiah RK, Srinivasan K Antioxidant status of red blood cells and liver in hypercholesterolemic rats fed hypolipidemic spices. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 May;74(3):199-208. 93 Kempaiah RK, Srinivasan K Antioxidant status of red blood cells and liver in hypercholesterolemic rats fed hypolipidemic spices. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 May;74(3):199-208. 94 Kempaiah RK, Srinivasan K. Influence of dietary curcumin, capsaicin and garlic on the antioxidant status of red blood cells and the liver in high-fat-fed rats. Ann Nutr Metab. 2004 Sep-Oct;48(5):314-20. Epub 2004 Oct 1. 95 Kempaiah RK, Srinivasan K. Influence of dietary curcumin, capsaicin and garlic on the antioxidant status of red blood cells and the liver in high-fat-fed rats. Ann Nutr Metab. 2004 Sep-Oct;48(5):314-20. Epub 2004 Oct 1. 96 Inano H, Onoda M. Radioprotective action of curcumin extracted from Curcuma longa LINN: inhibitory effect on formation of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, tumorigenesis, but not mortality, induced by gamma-ray irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002 Jul 1;53(3):735-43. 97 Miquel J et al. The curcuma antioxidants: pharmacological effects and prospects for future clinical use. A review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2002 Feb;34(1):37-46. 98 Nelson SK et al. The induction of a human superoxide dismutase and catalase in vivo: a fundamentally new approach to antioxidant therapy. Pending journal and page numbers 99 Kempaiah RK, Srinivasan K Antioxidant status of red blood cells and liver in hypercholesterolemic rats fed hypolipidemic spices. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 May;74(3):199-208. 100 Manikandan P et al. Curcumin modulates free radical quenching in myocardial ischaemia in rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;36(10):1967-80. 101 Dickinson DA et al. Cytoprotection against oxidative stress and the regulation of glutathione synthesis. Biol Chem. 2003 Apr;384(4):527-37. 102 Saravanan G, Prakash J. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on lipid peroxidation in experimental myocardial infarction in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Sep;94(1):155-8. 103 Kempaiah RK, Srinivasan K Antioxidant status of red blood cells and liver in hypercholesterolemic rats fed hypolipidemic spices. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 May;74(3):199-208. 104 Kempaiah RK, Srinivasan K Antioxidant status of red blood cells and liver in hypercholesterolemic rats fed hypolipidemic spices. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 May;74(3):199-208. 80

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Sundaresan S, Subramanian P. S-allylcysteine inhibits circulatory lipid peroxidation and promotes antioxidants in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced carcinogenesis. Pol J Pharmacol. 2003 Jan-Feb;55(1):37-42. 106 Kempaiah RK, Srinivasan K. Influence of dietary curcumin, capsaicin and garlic on the antioxidant status of red blood cells and the liver in high-fat-fed rats. Ann Nutr Metab. 2004 Sep-Oct;48(5):314-20. Epub 2004 Oct 1. 107 Perchellet JP et al. Effects of garlic and onion oils on glutathione peroxidase activity, the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione and ornithine decarboxylase induction in isolated mouse epidermal cells treated with tumor promoters. Cancer Biochem Biophys. 1986 Oct;8(4):299-312. 108 Bagchi D et al. Cellular protection with proanthocyanidins derived from grape seeds. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 May;957:260-70. 109 Natella F et al. Grape seed proanthocyanidins prevent plasma postprandial oxidative stress in humans. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Dec 18;50(26):7720-5. 110 Balu M et al. Rejuvenation of antioxidant system in central nervous system of aged rats by grape seed extract. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Aug 5;383(3):295-300. 111 Roig R et al. Procyanidins protect Fao cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Aug 15;1572(1):25-30. 112 Roig R et al. Procyanidins protect Fao cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Aug 15;1572(1):25-30. 113 Balu M et al. Rejuvenation of antioxidant system in central nervous system of aged rats by grape seed extract. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Aug 5;383(3):295-300. 114 Roig R et al. Procyanidins protect Fao cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Aug 15;1572(1):25-30. 115 Guo S, Bezard E, Zhao B. Protective effect of green tea polyphenols on the SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA induced apoptosis through ROS-NO pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Sep 1;39(5):682-95. 116 Luo H et al. Phase IIa chemoprevention trial of green tea polyphenols in high-risk individuals of liver cancer: modulation of urinary excretion of green tea polyphenols and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Carcinogenesis. 2005 Jun 1; [Epub ahead of print] 117 Vinson JA, Teufel K, Wu N. Green and black teas inhibit atherosclerosis by lipid, antioxidant, and fibrinolytic mechanisms. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jun 2;52(11):36615. 118 Nelson SK et al. The induction of a human superoxide dismutase and catalase in vivo: a fundamentally new approach to antioxidant therapy. Pending journal and page numbers 119 Nelson SK et al. The induction of a human superoxide dismutase and catalase in vivo: a fundamentally new approach to antioxidant therapy. Pending journal and page numbers 120 Katiyar SK et al. Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment of human skin inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress. Carcinogenesis. 2001 Feb;22(2):287-94. 121 Augustyniak A. Waszkiewicz E, Skrzydlewska E. Preventive action of green tea from changes in the liver antioxidant abilities of different aged rats intoxicated with ethanol. Nutrition. 2005 Sep;21(9):925-32. 122 Marnewick JL et al. Modulation of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and oxidative status by rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and Honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia), green and black (Camellia sinensis) teas in rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 31;51(27):8113-9. 123 Nelson SK et al. The induction of a human superoxide dismutase and catalase in vivo: a fundamentally new approach to antioxidant therapy. Pending journal and page numbers 124 Nelson SK et al. The induction of a human superoxide dismutase and catalase in vivo: a fundamentally new approach to antioxidant therapy. Pending journal and page numbers 125 Valenzuela A et al. Selectivity of silymarin on the increase of the glutathione content in different tissues of the rat. Planta Med. 1989 Oct;55(5):420-2. 126 Tager M et al. Restoration of the cellular thiol status of peritoneal macrophages from CAPD patients by the flavonoids silibinin and silymarin. Free Radic Res. 2001 Feb;34(2):137-51. 127 Ichikawa H et al. Free radical scavenging activity of propolis. Redox Rep. 2002;7(5):347-50. 128 Ichikawa H. Free radical scavenging activity of propolis. Redox Rep. 2002;7(5):347-50.

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Okutan H et al. Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rat heart. Clin Biochem. 2005 Feb;38(2):191-6. Griffiths HR. Biomarkers. Mol Aspects Med. 2002 Feb-Jun;23(1-3):101-208. 131 Aliciguzel Y, Aslan M. N-acetyl cysteine, L-cysteine, and beta-mercaptoethanol augment selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenasedeficient human erythrocytes. Clin Exp Med. 2004 Sep;4(1):50-5. 132 Kumaran S et al. L-carnitine and DL-alpha-lipoic acid reverse the age-related deficit in glutathione redox state in skeletal muscle and heart tissues. Mech Ageing Dev. 2004 Jul;125(7):507-12. 133 Kumaran S et al. L-carnitine and DL-alpha-lipoic acid reverse the age-related deficit in glutathione redox state in skeletal muscle and heart tissues. Mech Ageing Dev. 2004 Jul;125(7):507-12. 134 Turko IV, Murad. Protein nitration in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Rev. 2002 Dec;54(4):619-34. 135 Sido B et al. Impairment of intestinal glutathione synthesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 1998 Apr;42(4):485-92. 136 Miller LT et al. Oxidation of the glutathione/glutathione disulfide redox state is induced by cysteine deficiency in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. J Nutr. 2002 Aug;132(8):2303-6. 137 Radi R. Nitric oxide, oxidants, and protein tyrosine nitration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 23;101(12):4003-8. Epub 2004 Mar 12. 138 Higuchi Y. Polyunsaturated fatty acids promote 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine formation through lipid peroxidation under the glutamate-induced GSH depletion in rat glioma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Aug 1;392(1):65-70. 139 Senthilkumar R, Sengottuvelan M, Nalini N. Protective effect of glycine supplementation on the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the erythrocyte of rats with alcohol-induced liver injury. Cell Biochem Funct. 2004 Mar-Apr;22(2):123-8. 140 Senthilkumar R, Sengottuvelan M, Nalini N. Protective effect of glycine supplementation on the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the erythrocyte of rats with alcohol-induced liver injury. Cell Biochem Funct. 2004 Mar-Apr;22(2):123-8. 141 Senthilkumar R, Sengottuvelan M, Nalini N. Protective effect of glycine supplementation on the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the erythrocyte of rats with alcohol-induced liver injury. Cell Biochem Funct. 2004 Mar-Apr;22(2):123-8. 142 Hoffer LJ. Methods for measuring sulfur amino acid metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 Sep;5(5):511-7. 143 Hoffer LJ. Methods for measuring sulfur amino acid metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 Sep;5(5):511-7. 144 Center SA et al. The effects of S-adenosylmethionine on clinical pathology and redox potential in the red blood cell, liver, and bile of clinically normal cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2005 May-Jun;19(3):303-14. 145 Ivanovski O et al. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine prevents accelerated atherosclerosis in uremic apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Kidney Int. 2005 Jun;67(6):2288-94. 146 Reliene R, Fischer E, Scheistl RH. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on oxidative DNA damage and the frequency of DNA deletions in atm-deficient mice. Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 1;64(15):5148-53. 147 Jain SK, Palmer M, Chen Y. Effect of vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine on phosphatidylserine externalization and induction of coagulation by high-glucose-treated human erythrocytes. Metabolism. 1999 Aug;48(8):957-9. 148 Aliciguzel Y, Aslan M. N-acetyl cysteine, L-cysteine, and beta-mercaptoethanol augment selenium-glutathione peroxidase activity in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenasedeficient human erythrocytes. Clin Exp Med. 2004 Sep;4(1):50-5. 149 Kim JM et al. Intracellular glutathione status regulates mouse bone marrow monocyte-derived macrophage differentiation and phagocytic activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Dec 3;325(1):101-8. 150 Okouchi M, Okayama N, Aw TY. Differential susceptibility of naive and differentiated PC-12 cells to methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis: influence of cellular redox. Curr Neurovasc Res. 2005 Jan;2(1):13-22. 151 Morrison JP et al. Thiol Supplementation in Aged Animals Alters Antioxidant Enzyme Activity After Heat Stress. J Appl Physiol. 2005 Aug 11; [Epub ahead of print] 130

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Matt Lovell – Elite Sports Nutritionist – www.SportsNutritionVlog.com 

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