Substituted Sammy Socratic Seminar Text

Work Hard. Get Smart. IC Scientist’s Name: _________________________________ Class: 8__ Date: ______________ Mrs. Bouchard – 8th Grade Science Subs...
Author: Anna Welch
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Work Hard. Get Smart.

IC

Scientist’s Name: _________________________________ Class: 8__ Date: ______________ Mrs. Bouchard – 8th Grade Science

Substituted Sammy – Socratic Seminar Text DIRECTIONS: Below are the directions you will follow during today’s reading. Read the directions, then answer the questions at the bottom. 1. If you are sitting to the left of your partner, you are Partner A. If you are sitting to the right of your partner, you are Partner B. Which are you? 2. Partner A is the reader for the first paragraph, while Partner B follows along silently. Both partners should text-mark by underlining evidence to answer this purpose question: When is Sammy no longer alive? •

There are many tricky words. If you see a little number above a word, that means the word is defined in a Glossary at the bottom of the page.

3. Partner B is the summarizer for the first paragraph. When Partner A is done reading, Partner B attempts to summarize by saying: “I believe Sammy (is / is not) alive at this point in the story because …” • Partner A can agree and both partners write it down to the right of the paragraph, or Partner A can (respectfully) disagree, and the two partners can discuss. • It is perfectly OK for the partners to disagree and write different things! 4. For the next paragraph, Partner B becomes the reader and Partner A is the summarizer. Continue this pattern until you are finished with the entire reading. 5. When you are done with the reading and summaries, move on to prepare for the Socratic Seminar.

Congratulations! You are ready for tomorrow’s discussion! Procedure Debrief Questions: 1. What should both partners be doing while one partner is reading? ___________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the purpose question you are text-marking to try to answer? _________________________________________________________________________ 3. Do both partners have to write the same thing down at the end of each paragraph? _____

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The Tale of Substituted Sammy Substituted Sammy was a normal healthy boy. There was nothing in his life to indicate that he was any different from anyone else. When he completed high school he obtained a job in a factory operating a power saw to cut through metal. On this job he had an accident and lost his right hand. It was replaced with an artificial hand that looked and operated like a real one. Soon afterward, Sammy developed a rare disease and a large part of his lower small intestine1 had to be removed. It was replaced with a stretchy plastic tube. Everything looked good for Sammy until he was involved in a serious car accident. Both of his legs and his good arm were crushed, and had to be amputated.2 Sammy also lost an ear. Prosthetic3 legs enabled Sammy to walk again, and an artificial arm replaced his real arm. Sammy had plastic surgery, and the doctors used silicon plastic to rebuild the ear that had been lost in the crash. Over the next several years Sammy faced many internal disorders. First, he had to have an operation to remove a part of his heart and replace it with a synthetic4 one made of plastic. However, his heart began to fail. Luckily for Sammy a donor heart was available, and it was successfully transplanted into him. Next, Sammy’s kidneys5 malfunctioned. Doctors looked for a kidney donor, but no one’s kidneys matched Sammy’s blood type. The only way Sammy could survive was if he was hooked up to a kidney dialysis machine to take the wastes (like what normally comes out of your body as urine) out of Sammy’s body for him. Glossary: 1. Intestine: The part of your body that does most of the work digesting your food. 2. Amputated: When a part of your body is surgically removed. 3. Prosthetic: A man-made copy of a human body part, for people who have had amputations. 4. Synthetic: Man-made, not natural. 5. Kidney: A body part that helps humans take waste materials out of the food you digest.

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A couple of years later, Sammy’s entire digestive system became cancerous. It had to be removed for Sammy to survive. It was impossible to replace his entire digestive system, so he had to receive all of his nourishment intravenously – through liquid pumped directly into his veins. This meant Sammy no longer had to eat food. It was now obvious that Sammy had become a medical phenomenon. He had artificial limbs. The nutrients he needed to live were supplied to him by a machine through his veins, so he never had to eat. All of his waste material was removed by the kidney dialysis machine, so he never had to use the bathroom. Eventually, the donor heart Sammy had received began to fail. Doctors feared Sammy’s body would reject another donor’s heart, so they built him an artificial6 heart out of plastic and metal. The heart had a battery pack to provide a steady heartbeat. That battery pack could be controlled by the electrical signals from Sammy’s brain. The doctors consulted bioengineers7 about Sammy. Since machines were doing almost all of the work supporting Sammy’s life, the doctors thought it was possible to put the machines together into one larger machine. This machine would be controlled by electrical signals from Sammy’s brain. The first model the engineers created combined Sammy’s artificial heart, kidneys and digestive system into a machine that was surgically attached to Sammy’s back; it appeared that Sammy was always wearing a backpack. The machine did everything for Sammy but help him walk and use his head, both to make decisions and also use senses (like smell and taste).

Glossary: 6. Artificial: Not natural, man-made. For example, many sodas have “artificial flavoring.” 7. Bioengineers: Scientists who specialize in building machines and technologies that support life and living things.

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However, the engineers second try combined all of Sammy’s machines into one. It was equipped with mechanical arms so Sammy could perform tasks like tying shoes or throwing a football. Another part of the machine would create a flow of air over Sammy’s vocal cords so he could speak. To achieve this, the doctors would have to amputate at the neck and attach Sammy’s head to the machine. The machine would provide nutrients to Sammy’s brain and remove any wastes for him. Sammy agreed, and the operation was a success. Sammy functioned well for a few years, but over time, his brain cells began to break down. The disease was diagnosed as terminal8. The doctors who had been working on Sammy hired computer scientists to help them program Sammy’s brain into a miniature computer. This computer could be contained in a machine that was human-like in appearance and movement; it would be hard to tell it wasn’t a natural body. When the computer was installed, Sammy’s brain cells completely broke down. Sammy left the hospital one last time, completely sure he would never have an illness again.

So, when was Sammy no longer alive? Turn to the next page to begin preparing for our Socratic Seminar! Glossary: 8. Terminal: When a disease is incurable, or fatal. It is going to kill the patient.

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Work Hard. Get Smart.

HW-41

Scientist’s Name: _________________________________ Class: 8__ Date: ______________ Mrs. Bouchard – 8th Grade Science

Substituted Sammy – Socratic Seminar Prep DIRECTIONS: Using your text-marking and comments from the reading, complete this sheet to prepare for our Socratic Seminar. You must have this completed to participate in the discussion.

Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences: 1. I believe Sammy is no longer alive when _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

2. I believe this because in paragraph number ____ on page number ____ the evidence says _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

3. In conclusion, this evidence means that _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

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Work Hard. Get Smart.

Day 2 Discussion Page DIRECTIONS: When you are not speaking, you should be actively listening to the speaker and taking notes. Write the name down of the person talking and make observations about what they are saying. Also write down names of students who are really making great points and why you think so. I will collect this page for a grade. ____________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

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