Evaporation / Sublimation

Jenny Sprung, Product Manager [email protected] Labconco Corporation Kansas City, MO

Agenda

       

Evaporation vs. sublimation Theory of sublimation How to choose Labconco Freeze Dry Systems Theory of evaporation How to choose Labconco Concentrators Questions

Freeze Dry vs. Evaporator  Freeze Dry



- Requires pre-frozen sample - Finished result is a dry cake matrix - Requires a temperature differential between frozen sample and collector - Rotary vane type vacuum pump required - Sample size from microliters to 10 liters

Evaporator - Samples are liquid - Finished result is usually pellet - Temperature differential not required - Rotary vane or diaphragm pump required - Sample size from microliters to 3.6 liters

Freeze Dry vs. Evaporator  Freeze Dry - Full range of freeze dryers from small bench top 1L to larger 18L - Choice of drying options, vials, flasks, bulk, etc. - Process time ranges from 24 hours to weeks

 Evaporator - Bench top or floor model - Choice of rotors for micro plates, test tubes, microcentrifuge tubes, pear shaped flasks - Process time ranges from minutes to a couple hours - Evaporation using vacuum or nitrogen blowdown

Evaporation & sublimation  Evaporation occurs when a liquid transforms into a vapor  Occasionally, at low pressure and temperature, a sample will freeze and undergo sublimation  Sublimation occurs when a solid transforms directly to a vapor without going through the liquid phase

Freeze Dry vs. Evaporator Freeze Dry

Evaporators

r o The

b u S f o y

n o i t a lim

Definitions

 Freeze Drying is the process of removing moisture from a frozen product using vacuum.  Freeze Drying preserves the integrity of the product’s biological and chemical structure and activity.

Definitions

 Lyophilization is another word for freeze drying derived from the Greek words “solvent-loving.” Lyophilized material is easily rehydrated  Sublimation is the freeze drying process in which solvents, such as water, pass directly from the solid to the vapor state.

Freeze Dry System requirements

 A chamber or manifold  Vacuum system  Heat source to provide energy input  Low temperature collector to maximize vapor pressure differential and to trap moisture

The freeze dry process

 Pre-freezing  Primary Drying  Secondary Drying

Pre-freezing

Eutectic temperature is the temperature when entire eutectic mixture (both solvents and solutes) is frozen.

Pre-freezing

Slant Freezing  More surface decreases freeze dry time  Preferred method

Stub Freezing  Limited surface area  Not preferred method to pre-freeze

Pre-freezing Shell Freezing… Increases surface area to volume ratio by spreading out frozen product inside the vessel

Primary drying Process requires… 

Pre-frozen sample



Temperature difference between sample and collector establishes vapor pressure differential. (Collector should be 15-20 colder than the sample.)



Heat applied to sample



High vacuum

Primary drying

Energy, in the form of controlled heat, encourages removal of water vapor from frozen product

Water vapor

Heat

Primary drying  Vacuum Pump encourages free flow of water molecules from product by evacuating environment around product.  It removes non-condensable gases.  Pump - .65 mBar

 Minimum requirement - .133 mBar

Endpoint determination

Endpoint of primary drying can be determined by…  Visual inspection (cake or powder)  Measurement of condensable gasses via vacuum gauge  Product temperature or weight

Secondary drying

The process of reducing the 7- 8% residual moisture content still present in the visually dry sample

Determining the correct freeze dryer for your customer

Determining the correct freeze dryer for your customer

Are your samples aqueous, solvent or alcohols?  Aqueous: Non-Cascade unit  Solvent: Freezing point not lower than -65C, Cascade unit  Alcohols: Diluted to 15% or less, -105C unit

Determining the correct freeze dryer for your customer

How much sample will you be running?  To calculate how much liquid sample to place on a freeze dryer, take 1/2 of the ice holding capacity. (For example, 6L can run 3L of sample.)

Do you prefer flask freeze drying or tray drying?

Choose the correct manifold, ports or tray dryer…

Determining the correct freeze dryer for your customer

Are you doing any Peptide Synthesis?  -84 C condenser required if sample contains TFA and Acetonitrile  Recommend Teflon® chamber and glass lid

Determining the correct freeze dryer for your customer

Do you have space considerations?  Console can be moved  Benchtop requires bench space or cart

above left: Benchtop on Cart above right: Mobile Console

FreeZone® Freeze Dry Systems

FreeZone® Freeze Dry Systems

1 Liter Benchtop  For light aqueous sample loads  Basic, inexpensive personal freeze dryer  Compact bench top design fits on laboratory cart or Benchtop

Features common to 2.5L to 18L units

 Audible and visual alarms  Moisture indicator in drain line  Vacuum control valve: - Bleeds system after freeze drying is complete - Prevents oil back streaming into system when power is off - Maintains set point vacuum level to speed and enhance the freeze dry process

Features common to 2.5L to 18L units

 Vacuum monitored in mBar, Pa or Torr  Temperature monitored in C or F  LED vacuum and temperature “waves” at-a-glance display  Automatic or manual start up  RS232 port recorder jack  Vacuum pump and drying chamber sold separately

2.5L FreeZone® Freeze Dry Systems

 2.5 liter capacity recommended sample loads  Compact benchtop fits on cart or counter  Mobile console houses vacuum pump  Console is only available in Cascade  -50 C or -84 C collector temps

4.5L Benchtop and Console, Cascade, -105 C models

 Removes 2 liters of water in 24 hours  4.5 L capacity - Only model available with -105C collector

 Upright stainless steel collector chamber, Teflon optional

4.5L Benchtop and Console, Cascade, -105 C models

 Permanently installed 10 port drying chamber on standard  12 port drying chamber included with Cascade and -105 C  Mobile cabinet accommodates accessory vacuum pump.

FreeZone® 6 Liter Benchtop

 Removes 4 liters of water in 24 hours  6L capacity recommended for aqueous loads.  Attachment port makes drying accessory connection easy.  System cools to -50 C  Clear lid provides view of any ice build-up on Collector.  Glass lid optional

6 Liter, 12 Liter, 18 Liter Console and Cascade systems Optional shell freezer or mini chamber

Attachment port makes drying accessory connections easy

Heater simplifies collector defrost

Clear lid provides view of collector ice build-up. Available in acrylic or glass

Mobile cabinet

Optional purge valve protects vacuum pump

Collector drain hose

18L Console with Built-in Shell Freezer

6 Liter, 12 Liter, 18 Liter Console and Cascade systems

 6L and 12L: Choice of upright stainless steel collector chambers for cooling to -50 C for aqueous samples, or -84 C for samples with low eutectic points.  18L: 50 C for large aqueous samples

Stoppering Tray Dryer

 Pneumatically stoppers sample containers under vacuum.  Provides programmable, controlled temperature for heating and cooling samples.  Use with all 6, 12, and 18 liter systems

Stoppering Tray Dryer with 6 port manifold.

 Cools to -45 C in manual mode; -40 C in automatic mode

Bulk Tray Dryer  Economical alternative to Stoppering Tray Dryer when stoppering under vacuum isn’t required.  For bulk samples such as soil, liquids or plant materials  3 large shelves for bulk trays, serum bottles, vials or ampules

FreeZone® Triad Tray Dryer  Runs independent of base freeze dryer  2.5L capacity, cascade freeze dryer - Collector reaches -85 C

 One pneumatically stoppered shelf

- Cools to -75 C during pre-freezing - Cools to -55 C during primary drying - Heats to +50 C during secondary drying

Vacuum pump recommendations Must have a Rotary Vane or Hybrid Pump!  0.002 mbar ultimate pressure VACUBRAND Hybrid Pump

 Hose adapter ¾” OD  Appropriate voltage and plug configuration  Personal freeze dryer requirements - Minimum displacement of 86L/min

 Large freeze dryers and Triad - Minimum displacement of 98L/min Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump

Vacuum pump recommendations  Standard pump with – Aqueous based samples – Knowledgeable user of rotary vane pumps • Knows how to do an oil change and will do it

– Bulk environmental samples • Grass, soil, etc.

 Vacuubrand pump – RZ 2.5 personal freeze dryers – RZ 9 large freeze dryers

 Hybrid pump with – Solvent, acid, alcohol based samples – Shared freeze dryer • No one person responsible for oil changes

 Vacuubrand pump – RC 6

Drying Chambers Drying Chambers available in 12 and 16 ports Heated Drying Chamber Clear Drying Chamber

Drying Chambers Clear Drying Chamber with 8 ports. Clear Drying Chamber without ports. Micro vacuum chamber.

Product Shelves

Fit inside Drying Chambers for bulk drying operations. New Non-Heated adjustable shelves now available. Heated shelves include 3 heated shelves with variable heat control. Non-heated adjustable product shelves

Product Heaters

Fit inside Drying Chambers for bulk drying operations. Includes 3 heated shelves with low voltage transformer. Available in 2 sizes, with or without variable heat control.

Drying Chambers Clear Stoppering Chamber Provides easy means of stoppering serum bottles under vacuum. Chamber attaches to any 6, 12 or 18 liter Freeze Dry System. Accommodates containers from 2ml to 125ml in size. Includes two heated shelves.

Secondary Vacuum Traps

When added to a Freeze Dry System, provides efficient processing of samples with low eutectic points. Dry ice and solvent added to the Vacuum Trap well cools to –75 C (103 F). Use alone as an inexpensive collector.

Manifolds

10- or 20-port manifolds lyophilize multiple quantities of small samples in serum bottles, ampules or small flasks

Manifolds

48-Port Ampule Manifold has 48 each ¼" OD pipe stems to accommodate tubing* to fit over any Labconco ampule. For all FreeZone Freeze Dry Systems.

* Tubing not included.

Glassware

Fast-Freeze® Flasks

Only two pieces per flask. Available in 9 sizes. Made of high strength borosilicate glass. Flexible, non-contaminating silicone rubber top. Compatible with all major brands of freeze dry apparatus.

Adapters

For connecting the Fast-Freeze Flasks to valve ports on drying chamber or manifold. Choose stainless steel or borosilicate glass 1/2" and 3/4" diameters.

Lyph-Lock® Flasks 3 pieces per flask. Flask top and bottom of high strength borosilicate glass. Flexible, non-contaminating seal. Available in 7 sizes. Compatible with all major brands of freeze dry apparatus.

Adapters

For connecting Lyph-Lock Flasks to the valve ports on drying chamber or manifold. Borosilicate glass. Either 19/38 of 24/40 standard taper joints. 90 Bend.

Flask Inserts and Support Shelves

 

Placed inside a Fast Freeze Flask.

Holds test tubes and micro titer tubes in up right position.

Serum Bottles and Vials

For long-term storage of freezedried samples. Construction ensures even freezing and drying.

Ampules Made of borosilicate glass. 5 different configurations. Ideal for tray drying to flame sealing applications. Packaged in 100. Oxygen/Natural Gas Sealing Torch flame seals freeze dry ampules.

Valves

One size valve fits 1/2" and 3/4" diameter adapters or vials. Knob has beveled surface. Turn on and off easily. Leak-free.

Competition

    

VirTis (largest competitor) Savant FTS Heto Christ

VirTis

 Biggest Competitor.  Sells through VWR and direct.  Recently added smaller line of freeze dryers.  All available in multiple condenser temperatures.

Savant

  

Sells direct. Offers 3 units, 1.5L, 5L and 20L. –55C condenser temperature only.

FTS



Purchased by SP Industries



Sells Direct.



3L, 5L, and 30L with tray dryer freeze dryer.



Condenser temps–54C or –84C.



Smart Software

For complete information on competition, see the cross matrix

Benefit  Great service from Labconco after the sale. – VirTis only supports products sold direct

 Call Labconco, get a person

– Call Thermo, get a recording

 Local Sales Force

– Many times will set up the systems

 Made in The USA

– Many items available on Xpress, lead times can be shortened if needed

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrators and Cold Traps

Definition: centrifugal concentrator A device that uses centrifugal force and vacuum (and optionally heat), to concentrate a selected solute from solution. Also called a vacuum concentrator.

Definition: centrifugal force  The component of apparent force on a body in curvilinear motion, as observed from that body, that is directed away from the center of curvature or axis of rotation.

Definition: Low vacuum pressures  Low vacuum pressures help vaporize solvents. The rate of evaporation of the solvent increases because there is a decrease in vapor pressure, which encourages the solvent molecules to pass from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase.

Rate of evaporation

 The rate of evaporation can be increased by reducing system pressure and by heating solvent  Low system pressure decreases vapor pressure and encourages solvent to go from liquid to gaseous phase  Increasing temperature increases movement of molecules, which also encourages solvent molecules to enter gaseous phase  Increasing surface area, increases evaporation rate.

Theory of operation  As rotor turns, centrifugal force moves solvent and solute to bottom of tube preventing foaming and/or bumping

Theory of operation  Vapor pressure reduces when pump is connected to centrifugation chamber, increasing the speed of concentration.  If solvent is liquid, it evaporates; if it is solid, sublimation occurs. Solvent Vapor

Solvent Vapor

Vacuum Pump

Theory of operation Cold Trap Vacuum Solvent Vapor (H2O)

Air

Vacuum Pump

Solvent Vapor Condensed Solvent Liquid or Ice

 Placing a cold trap in vacuum line allows user to collect solvent.

Theory of operation  A secondary chemical trap placed after the cold trap, physically traps acids, moisture, radioisotopes, or solvents to protect the vacuum pump. Vacuum Solvent Vapor (H2O)

Vacuum Pump

Centrifugal Force

1725 RPM

Concentrator

Cold Trap

Chemical Trap

How to choose a Centrifugal Concentrator

 How many samples are you running? - Under 24 = CentriVap micro IR - Over 24, or micro plates = standard CentriVap

How to choose a Centrifugal Concentrator

 What is the sample and vial size? – Rotors available for micro plates, microcentrifuge tubes, standard test tubes, falcon tubes, pear shaped flasks, etc. – Typically small samples under 50mls

How to choose a Centrifugal Concentrator

 Are the samples heat sensitive? – Labconco is the only manufacturer of a refrigerated vacuum concentrator

How to choose a Centrifugal Concentrator

 Are the samples acid? - We offer both a standard model, the Refrigerated model and the new CentriVap Complete in acid resistant configurations

How to choose a Centrifugal Concentrator  Do you have space constraints? – The small micro IR can be moved to a shelf – Mobile console houses vacuum pump and is on castors – CentriVap Complete houses concentrator, cold trap and pump

above: CentriVap micro IR has everything you need. Baby NOT included.

CentriVap® micro IR

CentriVap® micro IR

 Smallest centrifugal concentrator includes pump  Small footprint  Lightweight – 20lbs

CentriVap® micro IR comparison CentriVap micro IR 8.7˝w x 9.4˝d x 6.7˝h

Eppendorf Vacufuge: 12.6˝ w x 14.5˝ d x 9˝ h

Savant Speedvac: 14˝ w x 18˝d x 13˝ h

Labconco CentriVap 14.7" w x 19.3" d x 11.7" d

Genevac MiVac 14.2˝w x 16.7˝d x 11.8˝h

CentriVap® micro IR features  IR Lid Heater – Infra-Red Emitting Glass Lid (patent) – Built in diaphragm pump – Teflon coated chamber

 Temperature setting from 35 C to 65 C, set in 0.1 increments  Vacuum gauge

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrator common features

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrator common features Program - shows program from 1-9, R for run or S for stop.

Quick-Start™ Buttons initiate user-set Program 1, 2 or 3 with single push of button.

Heater Time - shows time selected for heat from 1-999 minutes.

Temperature - shows heat (and Heat Boost, if activated) from OFF to 99º C or HI (100º C).

Increase/Decrease Buttons - increase or decrease last selected set point parameter.

Preheat Button - turns on heater to preheat chamber prior to loading samples.

Run Time - shows time from 1-999 minutes. During run, time remaining also displays. Selecting “ON” allows CentriVap to run continuously.

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrator

Control Panel

 Heat and run times set separately

from 1 to 999 minutes so heat can be programmed to shut down, protecting samples from excessive heat exposure as they dry

 LCD display prompts user to set program parameters and displays current program

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrator

Control Panel

 Quick-Start™ One Button Start Up activates rotor, heater, timers and vacuum pump with one button*

 Preheat button activates heater to begin elevating to set point temp  Memory stores 9 user-set programs*  Audible alarm signals completion of set point run time

*Exclusive feature

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrator common features  Built-in vacuum delay prevents bumping  Variety of rotors available  Automatic vacuum release valve  Epoxy-coated aluminum chamber, Teflon coated on acid resistant models

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrator common features

 Heat Boost™ for extra heat controllable in 1 C increments through sidewalls of chamber*  Quick-Stop System

* Exclusive feature

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrator common features  Side vacuum port allows connection to gauge to monitor vacuum level  Rear vacuum connection for flexibility

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrator CentriZap™ Strobe Light*  Optional accessory for viewing samples while rotor is turning. Samples appear standing still

 Plugs into outlet on back of CentriVap and holster attaches with two fasteners to side of cabinet  Available on all models; included with the Complete and micro IR

*Exclusive feature

Acid-Resistant CentriVap® Concentrators  Uses robust component materials to create corrosion resistant concentrator  Resists exposure to moderate TFA, HCL, Acetic Acids, Ammonium Hydroxide  Includes Teflon-coated chamber, and selection of rotors, Hastelloy shaft, ceramic ball bearings and glass lid

Refrigerated CentriVap® Concentrators  For molecular biology applications with DNA, RNA and proteins  Only concentrator of its kind!  Heats to 100 C, cools to -4 C for heat sensitive samples  Two-step time and temperature programming  Pre-cooling option  Available in acid resistant model

CentriVap® DNA Centrifugal Concentrator Built-in diaphragm vacuum pump  DNA rotor included for 0.5 – 2ml tubes  Two 177 ml glass traps protect vacuum pump and environment*  Rotor accommodates up to 60 each 1.5 ml and 72 each 0.5 ml microcentrifuge tubes  Accessory Microtiter Plate Rotor holds four standard 96-well plates or two deep well plates

*Exclusive feature

CentriVap® Mobile Console systems

 Concentrator  -55 C Cold Trap  12 - 13 mm Rotor  Clear Canister with solvent insert  Side vacuum port  Glass lid

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrator Systems

 Aqueous  Solvent  Acid  Proteomic

*All components necessary to begin operation are included except for the vacuum pump, which is sold separately.

CentriVap® Centrifugal Concentrator Systems

 -55 Cold Trap  -85 C Cold Trap Solvent System  12 - 13 mm Rotor  Clear Canister  Chemical Insert*—Moisture, Solvent or Acid

* With Acid System, a glass insert will be included to protect Cold Trap

CentriVap® Cold Traps

 Epoxy-coated steel housing  CFC-free refrigeration system  Available in -50 C, -85 C and -105 C depending on application  Stainless steel collector  Glass insert for use only with acids

CentriVap® Rotors Anodized aluminum rotors hold tubes at an angle to maximize surface area. Custom rotors can be ordered. Acid resistant rotors available

Hexagonal Rotor

DNA Rotor

CentriVap® Rotors Rotors are interchangeable. The 12-13 mm Rotor is included with each CentriVap Aqueous, Acid, Solvent, Mobile and Gel Dryer System.

28 mm Rotor

12-17 mm Rotor

12-13 mm Rotor

CentriVap® Rotors

Microtiter Plate Rotor hold four standard 96-well plates or two deep well plates

Vacuum Pump Recommendations  Aqueous – Rotary vane or hybrid pump – Vacuubrand pump: MD 4C NT

 Solvents – Diaphragm or hybrid pump – Vacuubrand pump: MZ 2C NT

 Acids – Diaphragm or hybrid pump – Vacuubrand pump: MZ 2C NT

 Mixture – Diaphragm or hybrid pump – Vacuubrand pump: MD 4C NT

CentriVap® Complete Centrifugal Concentrator  A “Complete” CentriVap system in one bench top package – – – – –

Concentrator -50 C Cold Trap 12 – 13mm Rotor Diaphragm pump CentriZap

Summary  Look: If you see other concentrators in the lab, the customer may need to update

Jouan

Genevac MiVac Savant SpeedVac

Eppendorf Vacufuge

Summary – Listen: Centrifugal evaporator, concentrator, concentration, purification, SpeedVac®, evaporation, spin down, dry.

Think CentriVap

RapidVap® Evaporation Systems

RapidVap® Evaporation Systems The Heat Advantage • Heat helps speed evaporation process • Dry heat requires no maintenance and adds no potential source of contamination • Heater can preheat block prior to loading samples • Heater orbits with vortexing block so lower heater temperatures are acceptable

RapidVap® Evaporation Systems Benefits of Vortex Motion • Optimizes evaporation and recovery of analytes • Each tube moves in an orbital motion increasing the liquid sample’s surface area and ability to evaporate

RapidVap® Evaporation Systems Benefits of Vortex Motion • Helps mix components in liquid sample so end point sample better represents the pre-processed mixture • Allows solvent exchange and/or resuspension procedures to be performed while sample is in block • As liquid forms vortex shape, centrifugal force is established forcing liquid outward against tube – this prevents bumping

Features common to the RapidVap Vacuum and RapidVap N2 and N2/48 • Microprocessor-controlled 1000-watt dry block heating system speeds evaporation by supplying a controlled amount of heat to the sample block  Microprocessor-controlled vortex motion increases surface area for faster evaporation and greater throughput 

Microprocessor-controlled maintenance-free motor

•

Teflon-coated aluminum chamber conducts heat efficiently and resists corrosion

Features common to the RapidVap Vacuum and RapidVap N2 and N2/48 • Audio/visual alarm signals completion of run • Units shut off after timed end point • Convenient, easy to set programming • LCD display • ETL listed • Phenol-free gasket provides complete sealing without potential for phenol contamination

RapidVap® Vacuum Evaporation Systems Ideal for preparation of samples in a variety of applications: • Pharmaceutical •Environmental •AgriChemistry •Drug discovery •Mycology testing •Toxicology •Forensic science •Government health labs

RapidVap® Vacuum Evaporation Systems • Accommodates 7 different, interchangeable accessory sample blocks • As many as 110 each 12 or 13 mm tubes may be loaded at once • Additional blocks accommodate tube types including conical centrifuge tubes and scintillation vials • Custom blocks are available

RapidVap® Vacuum Evaporation Systems Phenol-free gasket

Glass lid with Lexan* shield

Dual lid clamps

Easy-to-read LCD display

Microprocessorcontrolled 1000-watt dry block heating system

* Lexan® is a registered trademark of General Electric Company

Teflon-coated aluminum sample block (sold separately)

Microprocessor-controlled motor

RapidVap® Vacuum Features & Benefits • Microprocessor-controlled vacuum level speeds evaporation • Automatic vacuum release releases vacuum in the event of power failure • Glass lid with Lexan shield provides visibility of samples and is chemical resistant • Dual lid clamps holds lid securely • Optional lid heater helps eliminate condensation

RapidVap® Vacuum Control Panel Program parameter

Speed parameter

Heat parameter

LCD display

Time parameter Vacuum parameter

Preheat/End Alarm button with indicator light Vacuum Release button with indicator light

Set point selection buttons Run/Stop button Increase/Decrease buttons

Vacuum Pumps A vacuum pump is required for all RapidVap Vacuum Evaporation Systems • The best vacuum source for an application depends upon the solvent to be evaporated and limitations, if any, on the temperature used Diaphragm Vacuum Pump

• Recommended pumping capacity for most applications is 88 liters per minute • Call Labconco for assistance in selecting the right vacuum pump and accessory traps for your application

Competitors Savant SpeedVap

Pros

• Not as expensive • Solvent recovery • Sample in the form of a pellet Cons

• Slower evaporation time

RapidVap® N2 Evaporation Systems Offers a more efficient, automatic alternative to Kuderna-Danish and rotary evaporators: • Nitrogen or dry gas is directed onto surface of sample • Nitrogen blow down reduces partial pressure directly over liquid to speed evaporation and help remove solvents • May be programmed for 2, 4, 6 or all 8 tubes

RapidVap® N2 Evaporation Systems • Block hold 8 large samples, up to 450 ml each • An accessory block that holds eight 170 ml tubes suitable for solid phase extraction is available • Cool-Zone™ block and tube design reduces the evaporation rate after end point is achieved • The Cool-Zone insulates samples and allows adequate time for samples to be removed before reaching dryness

RapidVap® N2 Evaporation Systems Microprocessor-controlled nitrogen blow down manifold Phenol-free gasket

Glass lid Dual lid clamps LCD display

Unique Cool-Zone™

Teflon-coated aluminum sample block Microprocessor-controlled 1000-watt dry block heating system

Microprocessorcontrolled motor Teflon-coated aluminum chamber

RapidVap® N2 Features & Benefits • Microprocessor-controlled nitrogen blow down manifold allows user to introduce nitrogen to individual sample tubes •N2 unit has 8 positions for large samples •N2/48 unit has 48 positions for small samples

RapidVap® N2 Control Panel Program parameter

Speed parameter

Heat parameter Time parameter Sample parameter

LCD display Set point selection buttons Run/Stop button Preheat/End Alarm button

Increase/Decrease buttons

Competitors Zymark TurboVap

Pros

• TurboVap can run up to 50 small samples • No hood space required • Sensors allow unattended operation

Cons

• Maintenance intensive water bath • Required immediate sample removal • Sensors malfunction in water and must be removed at temps >60C

Competitors Kuderna Danish

Pros

Fast evaporation Easy to recover sample Fairly good recovery rates Cons

Requires hood and steam bath Requires constant attention Expensive glassware Difficult to clean Easy to break

Applications • Pharmaceutical • Environmental • Water treatment plants • Pesticide analysis • Oil and grease • Dioxin analysis • Solvent exchange

RapidVap® N2 Accessories

600 ml Tubes with Stems Flat-Bottom Tubes

Glassware Caps

8-Place Stainless Steel Racks Teflon-Coated Aluminum Blocks

RapidVap® N2/48 Evaporation System

• Speeds evaporation of up to 48 small samples at once • 8 clusters of 6 ports each deliver nitrogen to 2, 4, 6 or 8 clusters at once

Applications  Drug development & metabolism  Bioresearch  Combinatorial Chemistry  Environmental testing  Forensics  Toxicology

Competition  Zymark TurboVap LV • Uses a water bath  Can cause contamination  High maintenance  Rusted manifolds

• Dial up run time • Can only run small samples, up to 50mls

– Combat with New Vertex

Competition  Organomation – Very inexpensive unit – Entire unit must be placed in a fume hood – Slow evaporation rates – Requires constant monitoring