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Anthropology Archaeology Astronomy and Astrophysics Atmospheric Sciences and Oceanography Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Business and Finance Cellular and Developmental Biology and Genetics Chemistry Communications, Journalism, Editing, and Publishing Computer Sciences and Technology Economics Educational, Scientific, Cultural, and Philanthropic Administration (Nongovernmental) Engineering and Technology Geology and Mineralogy Geophysics, Geography, and Other Earth Sciences History Law and Jurisprudence Literary Scholarship and Criticism and Language Literature (Creative Writing) Mathematics and Statistics Medicine and Health Microbiology and Immunology Natural History and Ecology; Evolutionary and Population Biology Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, and Behavioral Biology Performing Arts and Music–Criticism and Practice Philosophy Physics Physiology and Pharmacology Plant Sciences Political Science/International Relations Psychology/Education Public Affairs, Administration, and Policy (Governmental and Intergovernmental) Sociology/Demography Theology and Ministerial Practice Visual Arts, Art History, and Architecture Zoology

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Anthropology Adams, Robert McCormick Adler-Lomnitz, Larissa Appadurai, Arjun Bailey, Frederick George Barth, Fredrik Bateson, Gregory Benedict, Ruth Fulton Berlin, Overton Brent Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich Boas, Franz Bowditch, Ingersoll Braidwood, Robert John Brew, John Otis Brigham, William Tufts Brooks, Alison Spence Brown, James Allison Byers, Douglas Swain Cabot, William Brooks Campbell, Clarence Gordon Carneiro, Robert L. Carr, Lucien Chang, Kwang-chih Clark, John Desmond (J. Desmond) Clifford, James Cohn, Bernard Samuel Colson, Elizabeth Florence Comaroff, Jean Comaroff, John Lionel Conklin, Harold Colyer Coon, Carleton Stevens Cordell, Linda S. DaMatta, Roberto Augusto D’Andrade, Roy G. Das, Veena Davis, Allison (William Allison) Descola, Philippe DeVore, Irven (Boyd Irven) Dillehay, Tom D. Dixon, Roland Burrage Dodge, Ernest Stanley Donnan, Christopher B. Douglas, Mary Margaret Du Bois, Cora Alice Dumont, Louis Charles Jean Dundes, Alan Durand, Jorge Duranti, Alessandro

Dyson, Jr., Robert Harris Eckert, Penelope Dorothy Edgerton, Robert B. Eggan, Fred Russell Eiseley, Loren Corey Evans-Pritchard, Edward Evan Fallers, Lloyd Ashton Farabee, William Curtis Farmer, Paul Edward Fash, Jr., William L. Feld, Steven Fernandez, James W. Firth, Raymond William Ford, Richard Irving Fortes, Meyer Foster, Jr., George McClelland Fowler, Catherine S. Freyre, Gilberto de Mello Friedl, Ernestine Friedrich, Paul Gal, Susan Garn, Stanley Marion Geertz, Clifford James Gellner, Ernest Andre Gluckman, Max (Herman Max) Goddard, Pliny Earle Goodenough, Ward Hunt Goody, John Rankine Greenberg, Joseph Harold Greenhouse, Carol J. Grove, David C. Gumperz, John J. Guyer, Jane I. Hammel, Eugene Alfred Hannerz, Ulf Harvey, David Haury, Emil Walter Hawkes, Kristen Helm, June Herzfeld, Michael Hill, Jane H. Holmes, William Henry Hooton, Earnest Albert Howell, Francis Clark Howells, William White Hrdlicka, Ales Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer Hurtado, Ana Magdalena Hymes, Dell Hathaway Irvine, Judith Temkin Johnson, Frederick Kenoyer, J. Mark Kertzer, David I. Kirch, Patrick Vinton

Klein, Richard George Kluckhohn, Clyde Kay Maben Kottak, Conrad Phillip Kroeber, Alfred Louis Lamberg-Karlovsky, Clifford Charles Latour, Bruno Leach, Edmund Ronald Leakey, Mary Douglas Nicol Leakey, Richard Erskine Frere Lee, Richard Borshay LeVine, Robert Alan Levi-Strauss, Claude Levy, Robert Isaac Levy, Thomas Evan Lewis, Oscar Linton, Ralph Lounsbury, Floyd Glenn Luhrmann, Tanya Marie Marcus, Joyce Margolis, Maxine L. Maudslay, Alfred Percival Maybury-Lewis, David Henry Peter McAllester, David Park Mead, Margaret Milton, Katharine Mintz, Sidney Wilfred Moore, Sally Falk Morgan, Lewis Henry Morris, Craig Murdock, George Peter Nader, Laura Nicolaisen, Agnes Ida Benedicte Ochs, Elinor Ruth Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko Oliver, Douglas Llewellyn Ortner, Sherry Beth O'Shea , John Michael Peacock III, James Lowe Pelzel, John Campbell Pickering, Charles Pilbeam, David Roger Piperno, Dolores Rita Powell, John Wesley Putnam, Frederic Ward Rainey, Froelich Gladstone Rappaport, Roy Abraham Redfield, Robert Redmond, Elsa M. Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo Richards, Audrey Isabel

Roberts, John Milton Romney, Antone Kimball Roosevelt, Anna Curtenius Rosaldo, Jr., Renato Ignacio Rouse, Irving Sahlins, Marshall David Sapir, Edward Schneider, David Murray Seler, Eduard Shapiro, Harry Lionel Shapiro, Judith R. Sharer, Robert James Shweder, Richard Allan Singer, Milton Borah Smith, Bruce David Spencer, Charles S. Sperber, Dan Spier, Leslie Spinden, Herbert Joseph Spiro, Melford Elliot Srinivas, Mysore Narasimhachar Stanish, Charles Steinmetz, Sebald Rudolf Stocking, Jr., George Ward Strathern, Marilyn Strier, Karen B. Tambiah, Stanley Jeyarajah Tozzer, Alfred Marston Traxler, Loa Paulette Turner, Victor Witter Verdery, Katherine Maureen Vogt, Jr., Evon Zartman Wagley, Charles Walter Walker, Alan Cyril Wallace, Anthony Francis Clarke Warner, William Lloyd Watson, James Lee Watson, Rubie S. Wertsch, James V. Whiting, Beatrice Blyth Whiting, John Wesley Mayhew Wissler, Clark Wolf, Eric Robert Wrangham, Richard W. Wulsin, Frederick Roelker Yalman, Nur Osman Zeder, Melinda A.

Archaeology Albright, William Foxwell Bard, Kathryn A.

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Bass, George F. Beazley, John Davidson Bernal, Ignacio Betancourt, Philip P. Bieber, Margarete Bittel, Kurt Blegen, Carl William Bowditch, Charles Pickering Brown, James Allison Caskey, John Langdon Caso y Andrade, Alfonso Cesnola, Luigi Palma di Chase, George Henry Clark, John Grahame Douglas Clarke, Joseph Thacher Curtius, Ernst Dillehay, Tom D. Dinsmoor, William Bell Dorpfeld, Wilhelm Evans, John Flannery, Kent Vaughn Glueck, Nelson Goldman, Hetty Hanfmann, George Maxim Anossov Harrison, Evelyn Byrd Haynes, Henry Williamson Hencken, Hugh O’Neill Hill, Bert Hodge Hoppin, Joseph Clark Kenoyer, J. Mark Kidder, Alfred Vincent Kramer, Samuel Noah Lechtman, Heather Nan Lemerle, Paul Emile Lepsius, Karl Richard MacNeish, Richard Stockton Maspero, Gaston Camille Charles McCormick, Michael Mellink, Machteld Johanna Milanich, Jerald T. Movius, Jr., Hallam Leonard Mylonas, George Emmanuel Nilsson, Martin Persson O'Shea, John Michael Perrot, Jean Joseph Francois Piggott, Stuart Pollock, Harry Evelyn Dorr Porada, Edith Rawson, Jessica

Redmond, Elsa M. Richardson, Emeline Hill Richardson, Rufus Byam Robert, Louis Robinson, David Moore Rose, C. Brian Rostovtzeff, Michael Ivanovitch Sabloff, Jeremy Arac Serradifalco, Domenico Lo Faso Pietrasanta, Duca di Shear, Theodore Leslie Sjoqvist, Erik Stanish, Charles Stein, Aurel Thompson, Homer Armstrong Toynbee, Jocelyn Mary Catherine von Falkenhausen, Lothar Watson, Patty Jo Weinberg, Saul S. Willey, Gordon Randolph

Astronomy and Astrophysics Abbot, Charles Greeley Adams, John Couch Adams, Walter Sydney Agassiz, George Russell Airy, George Biddell Alcock, Charles R. Alexander, Stephen Aller, Lawrence Hugh Ambartsumian, Viktor Amazaspovich Angel, James Roger Prior Arago, Dominique Francois Jean Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August Arnett, David (William David) Auwers, Arthur Julius George Friedrich von Babcock, Horace Welcome Backlund, Jons Oskar Backus, George Edward Bahcall, John Norris Bailey, Solon Irving Baily, Francis Baker, James Gilbert Baldwin, Ralph Belknap Barnard, Edward Emerson

Bartlett, William Holmes Chambers Becklin, Eric E. Beckwith, Steven Van Walter Bennett, Charles L. Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm Biddle, Owen Blaauw, Adriaan Blandford, Roger David Bok, Bart Jan Bolton, John Gatenby Bond, George Phillips Bond, J. Richard (John Richard) Bond, William Cranch Boss, Alan Paul Boss, Lewis Bowditch, Nathaniel Bowen, Ira Sprague Bracewell, Ronald Newbold Brinkley, John Brouwer, Dirk Brownlee, Donald E. Burbidge, Eleanor Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey R. Burckhardt, Johann Karl Burg, Johann Tobias Burke, Bernard Flood Burnham, Sherburne Wesley Burrows, Adam Seth Butler, R. Paul Cacciatore, Niccolo Cameron, Alastair Graham Walter Campbell, William Wallace Canizares, Claude Roger Carlstrom, John E. Cassini, Jean Dominique, Comte de Caswell, Alexis Chandler, Jr., Seth Carlo Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan Clark, Alvan Clark, Alvan Graham Clark, George Bassett Clayton, Donald Delbert Clemence, Gerald Maurice Code, Arthur Dodd Cohen, Marshall H. Comstock, George Cary Cordova, France A. Dalgarno, Alexander

Damoiseau, Marie Charles Theodore (Baron de) Darwin, George Howard Davidson, George Davis, Marc Delambre, Jean Baptiste Joseph Delaunay, Charles Eugene Dollen, Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Drake, Frank Donald Draper, Henry Drell, Persis Sydney Dressler, Alan Michael Duncan, John Charles Eddington, Arthur Stanley Edmands, John Rayner Encke, Johann Franz Evans, Jr., John Wainwright Ewen, Harold Irving Faber, Sandra Moore Faye, Herve Auguste Etienne Albans Field, George Brooks Fischer , Debra Ann Fowler, William Alfred Fox, Philip Freedman, Wendy Laurel Frost, Edwin Brant Garnett, John Gebbie, Katharine Blodgett Gehrels, Neil Geller, Margaret Joan Ghez, Andrea M. Giacconi, Riccardo Gill, David Gilliss, James Melville Gingerich, Owen Jay Glatzmaier, Gary A. Gold, Thomas Goldberg, Leo Goldreich, Peter Martin Gould, Jr., Benjamin Apthorp Greenstein, Jesse Leonard Gunn, James Edward Gurnett, Donald A. Gylden, Johan August Hugo Hagen, John Peter Hale, George Ellery Hall, Asaph Hamilton, William Rowan Hansen, Peter Andreas Hansteen, Christopher Haynes, Martha Patricia

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Heeschen, David Sutphin Heiles, Carl Eugene Herbig, George Howard Hernquist, Lars Herschel, John Frederick William Herschel, William (Frederick William) Hertzsprung, Ejnar Hewish, Antony Hildebrand, Roger Henry Hill, George William Hogan, Craig James Holden, Edward Singleton Hopkins, Albert Hornsby, Thomas Hoyle, Fred Hubbard, Joseph Stillman Huchra, John Peter Huggins, William Jeaurat, Edme Sebastien Jewitt, David C. Johnson, Manuel John Johnson, Torrence V. Jones, Harold Spencer Kahn, Steven Michael Kauffmann, Guinevere Alice Mei-ing Keeler, James Edward Kellermann, Kenneth Irwin Kennicutt, Jr., Robert Charles King, Edward Skinner King, Ivan Robert Kirshner, Robert P. Kolb, Edward W. Kraft, Robert Paul Krook, Max Kuiper, Gerard Peter Kulkarni, Shrinivas Ramchandra Lalande, Joseph-Jerome le Francais de Lamb, Jr., Donald Quincy Lamb, Frederick Keithley Lampland, Carl Otto Lange, Andrew Evan Langley, Samuel Pierpont Laplace, Pierre Simon, Marquis de Layzer, David Raymond Le Verrier, Urbain Jean Joseph Lee, Typhoon Leighton, Robert Benjamin Lightman, Alan Paige

Liller, William Lilley, Arthur Edward Lin, Douglas N. C. Lin, Robert Peichung Lindblad, Bertil Linde, Andrei Dmitriyevich Lindenau, Bernhard August, Freiherr von Lockyer, Joseph Norman Loeb, Abraham Loomis, Elias Lovell, Bernard (Alfred Charles Bernard) Low, Frank J. Lowell, Percival Lubbock, John William (Baronet) Luyten, Willem Jacob Lynden-Bell, Donald Marcy, Geoffrey W. Maskelyne, Nevil Mather, John Cromwell Mayall, Nicholas Ulrich Mayor, Michel Gustave McKee, Christopher F. Meinel, Aden Baker Menzel, Donald Howard Merrill, Paul Willard Mészáros, Péter István Metcalf, Joel Hastings Miller, John Anthony Miller, Joseph Standard Milne, Edward Arthur Minnaert, Marcel Gilles Jozef Mitchel, Ormsby McKnight Mitchell, Maria Mitchell, Samuel Alfred Mitchell, William (17911869) Moran, James Michael Morgan, William Wilson Moulton, Forest Ray Munch, Guido Murray, Bruce Churchill Nassau, Jason John Neugebauer, Gerry Newcomb, Simon Ney, Edward Purdy Norman, Michael Lester Oke, John Beverley Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Oort, Jan Hendrik Opik, Ernst Julius

Osterbrock, Donald E. Ostriker, Jeremiah Paul Page, Jr., Lyman Alexander Paine, Robert Treat (18031885) Parker, Eugene Newman Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia Helena Peebles, P. James E. (Phillip James E.) Pekeris, Chaim Leib Penzias, Arno Allan Perlmutter, Saul Peters, Christian August Friedrich Peters, Christian Heinrich Friedrich Pickering, Edward Charles Pickering, William Henry Pickering, William Hayward Plana, Giovanni Antonio Amedeo (Barone) Plantamour, Emile Plaskett, Harry Hemley Pond, John Poor, Charles Lane Press, William Henry Pritchett, Henry Smith Readhead, Anthony Christopher Sanford Rees, Martin John Rieke, George H. Rieke, Marcia J. Riess, Adam G. Ritchie, Jr., John Rittenhouse, David Roberts, Morton S. Roberts, Walter Orr Rogers, William Augustus Rosner, Robert Rubin, Vera Cooper Ruderman, Malvin Avram Russell, Henry Norris Rutherfurd, Lewis Morris Ryle, Martin Sadoulet, Bernard Safford, Truman Henry Sagan, Carl Edward Saha, Meghnad Salpeter, Edwin Ernest Sandage, Allan Rex Sargent, Anneila Isabel Sargent, Wallace Leslie William Sawyer, Edwin Forrest Schlesinger, Frank

Schmidt, Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt, Maarten Schonfeld, Eduard Schramm, David Norman Schubert, Friedrich Theodor Schumacher, Heinrich Christian Schwarzschild, Martin Sciama, Dennis William Searle, Arthur Searle, George Mary Shapiro, Irwin Ira Shapley, Harlow Shayn (Shajn), Grigory Abramovitch Shectman, Stephen A. Shklovsky, Josif Samuilovich Shoemaker, Carolyn Spellman Shu, Frank H. Silk, Joseph I. Sitter, Willem de Slipher, Vesto Melvin Slocum, Frederick Smarr, Larry L. Smyth, William Henry Spergel, David Nathaniel Spitzer, Jr., Lyman Squyres, Steven W. Stansbury, Daniel Stebbins, Joel Sterne, Theodore Eugene Stetson, Harlan TRUE Stockwell, John Nelson Strittmatter, Peter Albert Stromgren, Bengt Georg Daniel Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve, Otto Wilhelm von Struve, Otto Sunyaev, Rashid Alievich Swings, Polidore F. F. Szalay, Alexander Sandor Taylor, Jr., Joseph Hooton Teukolsky, Saul A. Tremaine, Scott Duncan Trouvelot, Etienne Leopold Truran, Jr., James Wellington Turner, Michael Stanley Tyson, J. Anthony Urry, C. Megan

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel van Dishoeck, Ewine Fleur Vogel, Hermann Carl Walker, Sears Cook Ward, William R. Wargentin, Pehr Wilhelm Watson, Fletcher Guard Watson, James Craig Wendell, Oliver Clinton West, Benjamin (17301813) Westphal, James Adolph Weymann, Ray John Whipple, Fred Lawrence Whitford, Albert Edward Whitney, Charles Allen Wild, John Paul Williams, Robert E. Willson, Robert Wheeler Wilson, Robert Woodrow Winlock, Joseph Wisdom, Jack Leach Wolfe, Arthur Michael Woltjer, Lodewijk Woosley, Stanford E. Wright, Edward L. Yendell, Paul Sebastian Young, Charles Augustus Yung, Yuk Ling Zach, Franz Xaver, Freiherr

Atmospheric Sciences and Oceanography Abbe, Cleveland Austin, James Murdoch Bigelow, Henry Bryant Bjerknes, Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes, Vilhelm Frimann Koren Brooks, Charles Franklin Cane, Mark Alan Charney, Jule Gregory Cicerone, Ralph John Clayton, Henry Helm Crutzen, Paul Josef Davis, Russ Erik Davis, Walter Gould Dove, Heinrich Wilhelm Fassig, Oliver Lanard Fergusson, Sterling Price

Ferrel, William Fye, Paul McDonald Hall, Jonathan Patten Hann, Julius Ferdinand von Hemmer, Johann Jacob Houghton, Henry Garrett Imbrie, John Ingersoll, Andrew Perry Isaacs, John Dove Iselin II, Columbus O’Donnell Junge, Christian Eduard Friedrich Keeling, Charles David Kondratyev, Kirill Yakovlevich Landsberg, Helmut Erich Lindzen, Richard Siegmund Loomis, Elias Lorenz, Edward Norton Malone, Thomas Francis Mauersberger, Konrad McAdie, Alexander George McElroy, Michael Brendan McEwen, George Francis Miles, Edward L. Mollo-Christensen, Erik Leonard Monin, Andrei Sergeevich Murray, John Namias, Jerome Pedlosky, Joseph Philander, S. George H. (Samuel George Harker) Phillips, Norman Alton Pillsbury, John Elliott Plantamour, Emile Prather, Kimberly A. Ramanathan, Veerabhadran Redfield, William Charles Rhines, Peter B. Robinson, Allan Richard Rossby, Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby, Hans Thomas Rotch, Abbott Lawrence Salmon, Richard Lawrence Seitzinger, Sybil Putnam Shaw, William Napier Smagorinsky, Joseph Solomon, Susan Starr, Victor Paul Stern, Melvin Ernest Stommel, Henry Melson Suomi, Verner Edward

Swallow, John Crossley Talley, Lynne Thiemens, Mark H. Toole, John Merrill von Arx, William Stelling Wallace, John Michael Ward, Robert DeCourcy Washington, Warren Morton Wexler, Harry White, Robert Mayer Wild, Heinrich Willett, Hurd Curtis Wunsch, Carl Isaac Yung, Yuk Ling

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Abeles, Robert Heinz Abelson, John Norman Abraham, Edward Penley Adams, Elijah Adler, Julius Agard, David A. Alberts, Bruce Michael Ambros, Victor Ames, Bruce Nathan Ames, Giovanna FerroLuzzi Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer Arnold, Frances Hamilton Aronson, Peter S. Artavanis-Tsakonas, Spyros Axel, Richard Babior, Bernard Macy Baker, David Baker, Tania Ann Baldwin, Robert Lesh Ball, Eric Glendinning Banerjee, Utpal Barker, Horace Albert Barres, Ben A. Bass, Brenda L. Bassler, Bonnie Lynn Baumeister, Wolfgang P. Bax, Adriaan Beachy, Philip Beadle, George Wells Bean, Charles Palmer Bear, Richard Scott Beinert, Helmut Bell, Alexis T. Benson, Andrew Alm

Berg, Howard Curtis Berg, Paul Berger, James M. Bergstrom, Sune (Karl Sune Detlof) Bjorkman, Pamela J. Blackburn, Elizabeth Helen Bloch, Konrad Emil Block, Steven M. Blout, Elkan Rogers Blumenthal, Thomas Boeke, Jef D. Borst, Piet Botchan, Michael R. Bovie, William T. Boyd, William Clouser Boyer, Herbert Wayne Boyer, Paul Delos Braunstein, Aleksandr Evseyevich Brenner, Sydney Brink, Jr., Frank Britten, Roy John Brown, Gene Monte Brown, Michael Stuart Brunori, Maurizio Buchanan, Bob Branch Buchanan, John Machlin Burger, Max Marcell Burris, Robert Harza Butler, Warren Lee Cantoni, Giulio Leonardo Cantor, Charles Robert Carbon, John Anthony Carlson, John R. Carter, Herbert Edmund Caruthers, Marvin Harry Caspar, Donald Louis Dvorak Cech, Thomas Robert Chagas, Carlos Chakraborty, Arup K. Chamberlin, Michael John Chambon, Pierre Chance, Britton Chargaff, Erwin Chittenden, Russell Henry Christensen, Halvor Niels Ciechanover, Aaron Judah Clapham, David E. Clarke, Hans Thacher Claude, Albert Cleland, William Wallace Cleveland, Don W. Clevers , Johannes Carolus Cline, Thomas Warren Clore, G. Marius

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Cohen, Carolyn Cohen, Fred E. Cohen, Georges N. Cohen, Seymour Stanley Cohen, Stanley Cohn, Edwin Joseph Cohn, Melvin Cohn, Mildred (elected as Mildred Cohn Primakoff) Cohn, Waldo E. Cole, Kenneth Stewart Collins, Francis Sellers Collip, James Bertram Conaway, Joan W. Conaway, Ronald C. Coon, Minor Jesser Cori, Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Theresa Cozzarelli, Nicholas R. Craig, Elizabeth Anne Craig, Nancy L. Crick, Francis Harry Compton Croce, Carlo M. Crothers, Donald Morris Cuatrecasas, Pedro Martin Curran, Tom Dahlberg, James E. Dai, Hongjie Daley, George Q. Daly, Joseph Michael Davidson, Norman Ralph Davie, Earl Warren Davies, David R. Davis, Mark M. Dawid, Igor Bert de Duve, Christian Rene De Robertis, Edward Michael DeGrado, William F. Delbruck, Max Ludwig Henning DeLuca, Hector Floyd DeRosier, David John Deshaies, Raymond J. Dickerson, Richard Earl Dixit, Vishva Dixon, Jack Edward Dobson, Christopher M. Doisy, Edward Adelbert Doolittle, Russell F. Dorfman, Ralph Isadore Doty, Paul Mead Doudna Cate, Jennifer A. Dreyfuss, Gideon du Vigneaud, Vincent

Eaton, William A. Ebashi, Setsuro Edelman, Gerald Maurice Edelman, Isidore Samuel Edmonds, Mary Patricia Edsall, John Tileston Eisenberg, David Samuel Eisenman, George Elgin, Sarah Carlisle Roberts Elledge, Stephen Elvehjem, Conrad Arnold Engel, Lewis Libman Engelhardt, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Engelman, Donald Max Englander, Solomon Walter Erikson, Raymond Leo Ernster, Lars Evans, Ronald M. Fasman, Gerald David Fedoroff, Nina V. Feinberg, Andrew Paul Felsenfeld, Gary Fernandez-Moran, Humberto Ferro-Novick, Susan Fersht, Alan Roy Fiers, Walter Charles Cornelius Fischer, Edmond Henri Fiske, Cyrus Hartwell Folch-Pi, Jordi Folin, Otto Knut Olof Fox, Maurice Sanford Fraenkel-Conrat, Heinz Ludwig Frank, Joachim Fraser, Scott E. Frey, Perry Allen Fridovich, Irwin Frieden, Carl Friedkin, Morris Enton Fruton, Joseph Stewart Garbers, David Lorn Geiduschek, E. Peter (Ernest Peter) Gelbart, William Michael Gellert, Martin Frank Gibson, Quentin Howieson Gilbert, Lawrence Irwin Gilbert, Walter Glazer, Alexander Namiot Glomset, John A. Goeddel, David VanNorman

Goff, Stephen Payne Gold, Lawrence Marshall Goldsmith, Timothy Henshaw Goldwasser, Eugene Goodenough, Ursula W. Gorski, Jack Gottesman, Maxwell E. Gottesman, Michael Marc Gottesman, Susan Gottschling, Daniel E. Granick, Sam Green, David Ezra Greider, Carol W. Griffith, Jack D. Gros, Francois Grossman, Alan D. Grunberg-Manago, Marianne Guidotti, Guido Gunsalus, Irwin Clyde Gustafsson, Jan-Ake Guthrie, Christine Haber, Daniel Arie Hall, Benjamin D. Hall, Cecil Edwin Hammes, Gordon G. Hanahan, Douglas Hanawalt, Philip C. Handler, Philip Harington, Charles Robert Harrington, William Fields Harrison, Stephen Coplan Hartline, Haldan Keffer Haselkorn, Robert Haskins, Caryl Parker Hassid, William Zev Hastings, Albert Baird Hastings, John Woodland Haurowitz, Felix Michael Hawley, R. Scott Hayaishi, Osamu Heidelberger, Michael Helinski, Donald Raymond Henderson, Lawrence Joseph Hendrickson, Wayne A. Heppel, Leon Alma Hershko, Avram Herskowitz, Ira Hess, George Paul Hieter, Philip Andrew Hill, Robert Hill, Robert Lee Hinnebusch, Alan G. Hoagland, Mahlon Bush Hockett, Robert Casad

Hogness, David Swenson Hollaender, Alexander Holley, Robert William Honig, Barry Hirsh Hood, Leroy Edward Hopfield, John Joseph Horecker, Bernard Leonard Horwitz, Susan Band Hotchkiss, Rollin Douglas Hubbard, Ruth Hubbell, Wayne Lester Huennekens, Frank Matthew Hughes, Jr., Walter Lee Hunt, Richard Timothy Hunter, Tony (Anthony Rex) Hurwitz, Jerard Hutchison III, Clyde A. Huxley, Hugh Esmor Ingram, Vernon Martin Inouye, Masayori Itano, Harvey Akio Jacks, Tyler E. Jan, Lily Y. Jan, Yuh Nung Jencks, William Platt Jensen, Lyle Howard Johnston, Mark Jones, Mary Ellen Joyce, Gerald Francis Kaback, Howard Ronald Kaiser, Armin Dale Kaiser, Emil Thomas Kalckar, Herman Moritz Kamen, Martin David Kaplan, Nathan Oram Karlin, Arthur Karnovsky, Manfred Leslie Katchalski, Ephraim (see also Katzir, Ephraim) Katchalsky (KatzirKatchalsky), Aharon Kaufman, Seymour Kaushansky, Kenneth Keilin, David Kelly, Jr., Thomas J. Kendall, Edward Calvin Kendrew, John Cowdery Kennedy, Eugene Patrick Kenyon, Cynthia J. Khorana, Har Gobind Kim, Peter S. Kim, Stuart K. Kim, Sung-Hou Kingston, Robert E.

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Kirschner, Marc Wallace Kleckner, Nancy Elizabeth Klee, Claude Elise Blanc Klinman, Judith Pollock Klotz, Irving Myron Klug, Aaron Kolodner, Richard D. Kornberg, Arthur Kornberg, Hans Leo Kornberg, Roger David Koshland, Jr., Daniel E. Kowalczykowski, Stephen C. Krebs, Edwin Gerhard Krebs, Hans Adolf Kuriyan, John Kuroda, Mitzi Irene Lake, James A. Lamb, Robert Andrew Lambowitz, Alan Marc Lander, Eric S. Landy, Arthur Lardy, Henry Arnold Lehman, Israel Robert (I. Robert) Lehninger, Albert Lester Leloir, Luis Federico Lerman, Leonard Solomon Lerner, Richard Alan Lester, Henry Allen Levine, Lawrence Levinson, Arthur D. Levinthal, Cyrus Levitt, Michael Liao, Shutsung Lifton, Richard P. Lindquist, Susan Lee Linn, Stuart Michael Lipman, David J. Lipmann, Fritz Albert Long, Cyril Norman Hugh Long, Sharon Rugel Loofbourow, John Robert Lorand, Laszlo Losick, Richard Marc Low, Barbara Wharton (Mrs. Metchie Budka) Lowey, Susan Lynen, Feodor Felix Konrad Macallum, Archibald Byron Maniatis, Thomas Peter Manley, James L. Maquat, Lynne E. Margoliash, Emanuel Marletta, Michael A.

Mattaj, Iain William Matthews, Brian Wesley Matthews, Rowena Green McClain, William H. McElroy, William David McKnight, Steven Lanier Meister, Alton Melton, Douglas A. Meselson, Matthew Stanley Meyer, Karl Miller, Jeffrey H. Mirsky, Alfred Ezra Mitchell, Peter Dennis Mizuuchi, Kiyoshi Modrich, Paul Lawrence Monod, Jacques Lucien Moore, Peter Bartlett Moras, Dino Morimoto, Richard I. Mueller, Paul Hubert Munro, Hamish Nisbet Mutt, Viktor Nachmansohn, David Nakanishi, Shigetada Nash, Howard Allen Neher, Erwin Neuberger, Albert Neufeld, Elizabeth Fondal Neurath, Hans Newport, John W. Niemann, Carl George Nirenberg, Marshall Warren Nishimura, Susumu Nishizuka, Yasutomi Nisonoff, Alfred Noller, Harry F. Nomura, Masayasu Northrop, John Howard Nossal, Nancy Goldman Numa, Shosaku Nurse, Paul Maxime Ochoa, Severo O’Farrell, Patrick H. Okunuki, Kazuo Olivera, Baldomero M. Olson, Eric Newell Olson, Maynard V. O’Malley, Bert William Oncley, John Lawrence Onuchic, Jose Nelson Orgel, Leslie E. Osborn, Mary Jane Merten Pabo, Carl O. Page, David Conrad Palmer, Jeffrey Donald Palmiter, Richard Deforest

Pappenheimer, Jr., Alwin Max Pardee, Arthur Beck Parker, Roy R. Pastan, Ira Harry Penhoet, Edward E. Perlmutter, Roger Matthew Perutz, Max Ferdinand Peters, Rudolph Albert Petsko, Gregory Anthony Phillips, David Chilton Pickart, Cecile M. Platt, John Rader Ploegh, Hidde L. Popjak, George Joseph Porter, Rodney Robert Potter, Van Rensselaer Prives, Carol L. Ptashne, Mark Steven Puck, Theodore Thomas Putnam, Frank William Pyle, Anna Marie Racker, Efraim RajBhandary, Uttam Lal Ramachandran, Gopalasamudram Narayana Randall, Linda Lea Rando, Robert Richard Rapoport, Tom A. Ratliff, Floyd Ratner, Sarah Record, M. Thomas Redfield, Alfred Guillou Reed, Lester James Reich, Edward Reichard, Peter Adolf Reinberg, Danny F. Rich, Alexander Richards, Frederic Middlebrook Richards, JoAnne Stewart Richardson, Charles Clifton Richardson, Jane S. Rittenberg, David Robbins, Phillips Wesley Roberts, Eugene Roberts, Jeffrey Warren Roberts, Richard John Rodbell, Martin Roeder, Robert Gayle Roelofs, Wendell Lee Rose, Irwin Allan Roseman, Saul Rosenblith, Walter Alter

Rosenfeld, Michael Geoffrey Rossmann, Michael George Rothman, James Edward Rothman-Denes, Lucia B. Rothstein, Rodney J. Roussel, Martine F. Ruderman, Joan V. Russell, David W. Rutter, William J. Salas (Salas Falgueras), Margarita Sancar, Aziz Sanes, Joshua Richard Sanger, Frederick Sauer, Robert Thomas Schachman, Howard Kapnek Schatz, Gottfried Scheller, Richard H. Schellman, John Anthony Schimke, Robert Tod Schimmel, Paul Reinhard Schmidt, Gerhard Schulman, Brenda A. Selker, Eric Ursell Setlow, Richard Burton Shapiro, Lucille Sharp, Phillip Allen Shatkin, Aaron Jeffrey Shemin, David Shokat, Kevan M. Shooter, Eric Manvers Shuvalov, Vladimir A. Sigler, Paul Benjamin Simon, Melvin I. Simons, Kai Lennart Simpson, Larry Singer, Maxine Frank Singer, Seymour Jonathan Sinsheimer, Robert Louis Skalka, Anna Marie Skou, Jens Christian Smith, Emil L. Snell, Esmond Emerson Sober, Herbert Alexander Solomon, Arthur Kaskel Sonenberg, Nahum Southern, Edwin Mellor Spudich, James Anthony Spudich, John Lee Stadtman, Earl Reece Stadtman, Thressa Campbell Stein, William Howard Steiner, Donald Frederick

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Steitz, Joan Argetsinger Steitz, Thomas Arthur Stent, Gunther Siegmund Sternberg, Paul W. Stetten, Jr., DeWitt Stillman, Bruce William Stoker, Michael George Parke Storb, Ursula Beate Storz, Gisela T. Strominger, Jack Leonard Stroud, Robert M. Struhl, Kevin Stryer, Lubert Studier, F. William (Frederick William) Sturtevant, Julian Munson Sumner, James Batcheller Sundquist, Wesley I. Sutherland, Earl Wilbur Szabo, Attila Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert von Nagyrapolt Szent-Gyorgyi, Andrew Gabriel Szilard, Leo Tabor, Herbert Tait, James Francis Tanford, Charles Tatum, Edward Lawrie Taylor, Edwin William Taylor, Susan Serota Temin, Howard Martin Theorell, Hugo (Axel Hugo Theodor) Thomas, Jr., Charles Allen Thorner, Jeremy W. Tilghman, Shirley Marie Caldwell Tiselius, Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tjian, Robert Tomizawa, Jun-ichi Tomkins, Gordon Mayer Tonegawa, Susumu Udenfriend, Sidney Uhlenbeck, Olke Cornelis Ullrich, Axel Umbarger, Harold Edwin Umezawa, Hamao Ussing, Hans Henrikson Utter, Merton Franklin Vagelos, Pindaros Roy Vale, Wylie Vallee, Bert Lester van Deenen, Laurens L. M. van Holde, Kensal Edward

Van Slyke, Donald Dexter Vande Woude, George F. Varmus, Harold Eliot Varshavsky, Alexander Jacob Vaughan, Martha Venter, J. Craig (John Craig) Verma, Inder M. Vickery, Hubert Bradford Villee, Jr., Claude Alvin Vinograd, Jerome Rubin Vogt, Peter K. von Hippel, Peter Hans Wald, George Walker, Graham Charles Walsh, Christopher Thomas Wang, James Chuo Wang, Jean Yin Jen Wang, Jui Hsin Waterston, Robert Hugh Watson, James Dewey Waugh, David Floyd Weber, Annemarie Weber, Gregorio Weinberg, Robert Allan Weiss, Samuel Bernard Weissmann, Charles Westphal, Otto Hermann Eduard White, Abraham Wickens, Marvin Pete Wickner, Reed Brendon Wickner, Sue Hengren Wickner, William Tobey Wieschaus, Eric F. Wigler, Michael H. Wiley, Don Craig Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick Williams, Jr., Robley Cook Williams-Ashman, Howard Guy Williamson, James R. Wilson, Allan Charles Wilson, Ian Andrew Wittmann, Heinz-Gunter Wolfenden, Richard Vance Wood, Harland Goff Wood III, William Barry Woolley, Dilworth Wayne Wright, Peter Edwin Wu, Carl Wuthrich, Kurt Wyckoff, Ralph Walter Graystone

Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman Yamamoto, Keith Robert Yancopoulos, George D. Yaniv, Moshe Yanofsky, Charles Yokoyama, Shigeyuki Yonath, Ada Zamecnik, Paul Charles Zipursky, Stephen Lawrence

Business and Finance Abbot, Edwin Hale Adams, Charles Francis (1835-1915) Adams, Charles Francis (1866-1954) Adams, Charles Francis (1910-1999) Adams, Thomas Boylston (1910-1997) Agassiz, George Russell Allen, Paul Gardner Allen, Robert Eugene Anderson, O. Kelley (Oscar Kelley) Appleton, Nathan Appleton, Nathaniel Arnhold, Henry H. Atkinson, Edward Atwood, Nathaniel Ellis Augustine, Norman Ralph Balch, Francis Noyes Barger, J. Perry Barnard, Chester Irving Barnevik, Percy Nils Bartlett, Francis Bechtel, Riley Peart Beckman, Arnold Orville Bennack, Jr., Frank A. Beranek, Leo Leroy Bernard, Lewis W. Bezos, Jeffrey Preston Bigelow, Erastus Brigham Biggs, John Herron Bilsland, Alexander Steven (Lord) Binder, Gordon M. Bing, Peter Stephen Birkelund, John Peter Black, Samuel Bruce Block, James A. Bloomberg, Michael R. Bodman, Samuel Wright

Bogle, John Clifton Boiteux, Marcel Paul Bok, Joan Toland Bolton, Patrick Bowditch, Jonathan Ingersoll Brace, Lloyd DeWitt Bradshaw, Thornton Frederick Brady, Nicholas Frederick Brattle, Thomas Bren, Donald Brewster, William Souther Brin, Sergey Broad, Eli Bronfman, Sr., Edgar M. Brooke, Peter A. Brooks, Edward Pennell Brown, Charles Lee Brown, John Seely Brown, Theodore Henry Browne, John (Edmund John Phillip) (Lord Browne of Madingley) Bryan, John Henry Bryson, John E. Buffett, Warren Edward Burgin, Clarence Rodgers Burke, James Edward Byers, Brook H. Cabot, George Cabot, Godfrey Lowell Cabot, Louis Wellington Cabot, Paul Codman Cabot, Philip Cabot, Thomas Dudley Cape, Ronald Elliot Carter, Marshall N. Cary, Frank Taylor Cary, Thomas Greaves Cash, Jr., James Ireland Cavanagh, Richard E. Chambers, Anne Cox Chambers, John T. Chapman, Richard Palmer Chenault, Kenneth Irvine Clark, Paul Foster Clayton, William Lockhart Claytor, Jr., William Graham Cobb, John Candler Cockrell, Ernest H. Cogan, Jr., John Francis Coleman, Lewis W. Collado, Emilio Gabriel Connors, John M. Conrades, George Henry

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Coonley, Howard Copeland, Melvin Thomas Cordiner, Ralph Jarron Corrigan, E. Gerald (Edward Gerald) Cowen, Scott Stephen Cranch, Richard Crown, James S. Crown, Lester Cullman, Lewis B. Culver, David M. Dachs, Alan Mark Dalton, Marshall Bertrand Dalton, Tristram Daniel, D. Ronald d’Arbeloff, Alexander V. David, Donald Kirk Davis, Archibald Kimbrough Day, Robert Addison de Rothschild, David Deane, Charles Dell, Michael Saul Dennison, Henry Sturgis Dexter, Samuel (17261810) Dibner, Bern Dillon, C. Douglas (Clarence Douglas) Dilworth, Joseph Richardson Dixwell, George Basil Doerr, John Donham, Wallace Brett Donnelley, Gaylord Doriot, Georges Frederic Dreyfoos, Jr., Alexander W. Drucker, Peter Ferdinand Dubinsky, David Eaton, Cyrus Stephen Edgerly, William Skelton Edwards, David Frank Edwards, Timothy Eliot, Samuel (1739-1820) Elliott, Byron Kauffman Ellis, George Hathaway Erburu, Robert F. Erickson, Joseph Austin Erving, George Ferguson, Jr., Roger W. Ferri, Paul J. Finn, David Fish, Lawrence K. Fisher, Avery Robert Fisher, Richard Welton Flanders, Ralph Edward

Flom, Joseph Harold Folsom, Marion Bayard Forbes, William Cameron Ford, Horace Sayford Foster, Richard Norman Franke, Richard James Frazier, Kenneth C. French, Edward Sanborn Fuller, Carlton Perry Galvin, Robert W. Gardner, Jr., George Peabody Gates, William Henry (Bill) Gelb, Arthur Gellert, Michael Erwin George, Edward Gerstner, Jr., Louis Vincent Geschke, Charles M. Gibbons, Robert S. Gilbert, Carl Joyce Goldberg, Avram Jacob Golden, Clinton Strong Goldstein, Arthur L. Goldston, Eli Gordon, Bernard M. Grant, Hugh Grass, Albert Melvin Grass, Ellen Robinson Graves, Sr., Earl Gilbert Gray, Francis Calley (18901976) Gray, Horace (1800-1873) Gray, William Griffin, William Lester Hadley (W. L. Hadley) Grove, Andrew S. Guild, Benjamin Gupta, Rajat Kumar Haas, Robert D. Hall, Jonathan Patten Hambrecht, William R. Harman, Sidney Harriman, Henry Ingraham Harris, Irving Brooks Hart, Francis Russell Hatch, Francis Whiting Hazard, Rowland Gibson Heineman, Sr., Ben Walter Hellman, F. Warren (Frederick Warren) Henderson, Ernest Henderson, Robert P. Hiatt, Arnold Selig Higgins, Robert F. Higginson, Henry Lee

Hodgkinson, Harold Daniel Hoffman, Paul Gray Hogg, Christopher Anthony Holliday, Jr., Charles O. Hostetter, Jr., Amos B. Houghton, Amory Houghton, Jr., Amory Houser, Theodore Virgil Hubbard, Jr., William Neill Hunnewell, Horatio Hollis Iger, Robert A. Immelt, Jeffrey R. Ingersoll, Robert Stephen Jackson, Jr., Charles Jefferson, Edward Graham Jenrette, Richard Jensen, Michael Cole Johnson 3d, Edward Crosby Johnson, James A. Jones, Matt Bushnell Kahle, Brewster Kaiser, Edgar Fosburgh Kaufman, Henry Kavli, Fred Kearns, David Todd Kekst, Gershon Keller, Carl Tilden Kelly, Edmund Francis Kelly, Mervin Joe Kemper, David Woods Kendall, Henry Plimpton Keough, Donald Raymond Kidder, Henry Purkitt Kidder, Nathaniel Thayer Kim, Peter S. Kluge, John Werner Knight, Charles Fred Kohlberg, Jr., Jerome Kovner, Bruce Kraft, Robert K. Kresa, Kent Kuehler, Jack D. Lamont, Thomas William Lane, Gardiner Martin Larsen, Ralph Stanley Laubach, Gerald David Lauder, Leonard Alan Lawrence, Abbott Lazarus, Maurice Lee, George Gardner Lee, John Clarke Lee, Seng Tee Leeds, Morris Evans Leghorn, Richard Sully

Leibowitz, Martin L. Leighton, Frank Thomson (Tom) Leventhal, Norman B. Levinson, Arthur D. Lewent, Judy C. Lincoln, Frederic Walker Linde, Edward H. Livermore, George Lorsch, Jay William Lowell, Augustus Lowell, Francis Cabot (1802-1874) Lowell, John Amory Lowell, Ralph Lynch, Peter S. Mallinckrodt, Jr., Edward Mandel, Morton L. Marshall, Colin (Lord Marshall of Knightsbridge) Martin, Jr., William McChesney McCune, Jr., William James McDonnell, John F. McGovern, Patrick J. McNerney, Jr., W. James Mead, Dana G. Mettler, Ruben Frederick Meyer, Jack R. Meyerson, Morton H. Miller, Arjay Miller, Joseph Irwin Miller, William I. Minehan, Cathy E. Mitchell, William (17911869) Moore, Ann S. Morita, Akio Morss, Everett Morton, R. Alastair (Robert Alastair) Munnell, Alicia H. Murdock, Harold Nicholas, Peter M. Nichols, Guy W. Nooyi, Indra O’Donnell, Peter Olds, Irving Sands Olsen, Kenneth Harry Omidyar, Pierre O’Neill, Paul Henry Orr, Susan Packard Packard, David Page, Larry Palmisano, Samuel J.

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Parsons, Richard Peabody, Francis Pearce, Edward Penhoet, Edward E. Perkin, Richard Scott Peterson, Peter G. Pforzheimer III, Carl H. Phillips, Thomas Leonard Pirie, Robert Pounds, William Frank Pozen, Robert Charles Putnam, George (1926-) Preston, Lewis Thompson Pritzker, Penny S. Rabb, Irving William Rabb, Sidney Rabinowitz Rafinesque-Schmaltz, Constantine Samuel Rajan, Raghuram G. Rand, William McNear Randall, Clarence Belden Reed, John Shepard Reilly, William K. Reuther, Walter Philip Ripley, Alfred Lawrence Robinson, Jr., Dwight Parker Rock, Arthur Rockefeller, Jr., David Roe, Mark J. Roethlisberger, Fritz Jules Rogers, Theodore C. Rohatyn, Felix George Roosa, Robert Vincent Ropes, Joseph Samuel Rose, Daniel Rose, Elihu Rose, Marshall Rosenfeld, Gerald Rosenwald, Jr., E. John Ross, Arthur Ross, Ian Munro Rothschild, Loren R. Rowe, John Wallis Rowe, John W. Rubin, Robert E. Ruml, Beardsley Russell, Thomas Ryan, Patrick G. Sagan, Paul Scardino, Marjorie M. Schacht, Henry Brewer Schell, Erwin Haskell Schlaifer, Robert Osher Schmidt, Eric Schrempp, Juergen E.

Selekman, Benjamin Morris Sever, William Shanker, Albert Shapiro, Robert Bernard Shaw, David E. Shaw, Henry Southworth Sherwin, Martin Jay Shinn, George Latimer Shipley, Walter Vincent Simons, James Harris Simonyi, Charles Sloan, Jr., Alfred Pritchard Sloan, George Arthur Smith, Raymond W. Smith, Richard Alan Soros, George Spangler, Jr., C. D. (Clemmie Dixon) Spaulding, Huntley Nowell Spector, Alfred Z. Spencer, Edson White Stamp, Josiah Charles Stata, Raymond Stuart Steinert, Alan Steyer, Thomas F. Stone, Jr., Robert Gregg Stonebraker, Michael Storer, Ebenezer Swett, Samuel Sylla, Richard E. Tanenbaum, Morris Tang, Oscar Tata, Ratan N. Tatlock, Anne M. Teele, Stanley Ferdinand Termeer, Henri A. Thayer, Nathaniel Thomas, Charles Allen Thornton, John L. Tilden, Joseph Tisch, James Read Tisch, Laurence Alan Tisch, Preston Robert Tracy, Nathaniel Ubiñas, Luis A. Ueberroth, Peter Victor Vasella, Daniel Vaughan, Benjamin Vaughan, Charles Vaughan, Sr., Samuel Vaughan, William Wadsworth, Eliot Wallach, Kenneth L. Wang, An Warnock, John E. Watson, Jr., Thomas John

Webster, William Weill, Sanford I. Weinberg, John Livingston Weinberg, Jr., Sidney James (Jim) Weinstein, David Welch, Jr., John Francis Wells, William Welters, Anthony Wexner, Leslie H. White, Erskine Norman White, Miles D. Whitehead, John Cunningham Whitman, Margaret C. Wiener, Malcolm H. Williams, Samuel (17601841) Wilson, Carroll Louis Wilson, Charles Edward Wilson, Joseph Chamberlain Winthrop, Thomas Lindall Wolfensohn, James David Wriston, Walter Bigelow Young, John Alan Young, Owen D. Zaffaroni, Alejandro Cesar Zraket, Charles Anthony Zuckerman, Paul Sebastian

Cellular and Developmental Biology and Genetics Adhya, Sankar Allis, C. David Altman, Sidney Anderson, David J. Anderson, Everett Anderson, Kathryn Virginia Andrews, Nancy C. Ashburner, Michael Ausubel, Frederick M. Banerjee, Utpal Beckerle, Mary Catherine Beckwith, Jonathan Roger Beerman, Wolfgang Wilhelm Walter Belfort, Marlene Benirschke, Kurt Bennett, G. Vann

Berridge, Michael John Billingham, Rupert Everett Bissell, Mina J. Blobel, Gunter KlausJoachim Bodmer, Walter Fred Bonner, John Tyler Borisy, Gary G. Botstein, David Boyse, Edward Arthur Brink, Royal Alexander Brinster, Ralph Lawrence Bronner, Marianne Brown, Donald David Brugge, Joan S. Bucher, Nancy Leslie Rutherfurd Bunting-Smith, Mary Ingraham Cantley, Lewis Clayton Capecchi, Mario R. Carlson, Marian B. Caspersson, Torbjorn Oskar Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca Chalfie, Martin Chilton, Mary-Dell Matchett Cohen, Stanley Norman Cooper, Kenneth Willard Cotran, Ramzi Suliman Croce, Carlo M. Darnell, Jr., James Edwin De Camilli, Pietro V. de Lange, Titia Demerec, Milislav DePinho, Ronald A. Doermann, August Henry Dove, William F. Drubin, David Gil Dubinin, Nikolay Petrovich Duboule, Denis Dunn, Leslie Clarence Dutcher, Susan K. Eagle, Harry Edgar, Robert Stuart Eisenman, Robert N. Emr, Scott D. Ephrussi, Boris Esposito, Rochelle Easton Farquhar, Marilyn Gist Fink, Gerald R. Fire, Andrew Z. Forget, Bernard G. Francke, Uta Fuchs, Elaine V.

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Fuller, Margaret Tatnall Gall, Joseph Grafton Garcia-Bellido, Antonio Garen, Alan Gehring, Walter Jacob Glass, Hiram Bentley Goldberg, Alfred Lewis Goldstein, Lawrence Steven Goodenough, Ursula W. Gottesman, Michael Marc Green, Howard Greenough, William Tallant Greenwald, Iva S. Gross, Jerome Gross, Paul Randolph Groudine, Mark Grunstein, Michael Gruss, Peter Guarente, Leonard P. Gurdon, John Bertrand Haber, James E. Hadorn, Ernst Hall, Jeffrey C. Harlan, Jack Rodney Harland, Richard M. Harlow, Jr., Edward Everett Harris, Henry Hartl, Daniel Lee Hartl, Franz-Ulrich Hartwell, Leland Harrison Hawley, R. Scott Hay, Elizabeth Dexter Henkin, Tina M. Heuser, John E. Hilleman, Maurice Ralph Hobbs, Helen Haskell Hogan, Brigid L. M. Holter, Heinz Hopkins, Nancy Horowitz, Norman Harold Horvitz, H. Robert (Howard Robert) Howley, Peter Maxwell Hughes-Schrader, Sally Hynes, Richard Olding Inoue, Shinya Jacob, Francois Jaenisch, Rudolf Jost, Alfred Daniel Joyner, Alexandra Leigh Kafatos, Fotis Constantine Kaufman, Thomas C. Kazazian, Jr., Haig H. Keating, Mark Taylor

Kennedy, Mary Bernadette Kihara, Hitoshi Kimble, Judith Elisabeth Kimmel, Charles King, Mary-Claire Kingsley, David Mark Klausner, Richard D. Klein, George Kornberg, Thomas B. Koshland, Douglas Elliott Krasnow, Mark Alan Krumlauf, Robert Eugene Kunkel, Louis M. Lane, Malcolm Daniel Langley, Charles Hunt Le Douarin, Nicole Marthe Leder, Philip Lederberg, Joshua Lehmann, Ruth Levine, Michael Steven Lewis, Edward B. Ley, Timothy James Lindsley, Jr., Dan Leslie Little, Clarence Cook Lodish, Harvey F. Lyon, Mary Frances Mackay, Trudy Frances Charlene Magnuson, Terry Mahowald, Anthony Peter Mandel, Gail Markert, Clement Lawrence Martin, Gail Roberta Massague, Joan Mazia, Daniel McClintock, Barbara McConnell, Susan K. McGinnis, William J. McIntosh, J. Richard McLaren, Anne McMahon, Andrew P. Mellman, Ira Mello, Craig Cameron Meyer, Barbara Jean Miller, Elizabeth Cavert Miller, James Alexander Mintz, Beatrice Mitchison, Timothy J. Monroy, Alberto Moscona, A. A. (Aron Arthur) Muller, Hermann Joseph Murray, Andrew W. Nabel, Elizabeth G. Nanney, David Ledbetter Nasmyth, Kim

Nelson, Jr., Oliver Evans Nelson, W. James Nevins, Joseph R. Novick, Peter J. Nowell, Peter C. Nusse, Roeland Nusslein-Volhard, Christiane O’Brien, Stephen James O’Farrell, Patrick H. Ohno, Susumu Ohta, Tomoko Oppenheimer, Jane Marion Orci, Lelio Oren, Moshe Orr, H. Allen O’Shea, Erin K. Oster, George F. Owen, Ray David Page, David Conrad Palade, George Emil Parada, Luis Fernando Pardue, Mary Lou Pawson, Anthony James Penman, Sheldon Perelson, Alan S. Perrimon, Norbert Petes, Thomas D. Piwnica-Worms, Helen M. Plomin, Robert Pollard, Thomas Dean Pontecorvo, Guido P. A. Porter, Keith Roberts Prescott, David Marshall Pringle, John William Sutton Raff, Martin Rajewsky, Klaus Ratcliffe, Peter J. Reznikoff, William S. Rine, Jasper Roman, Herschel Lewis Rosbash, Michael Ross, Russell Rossant, Janet Rowley, Janet Davison Rubin, Gerald Mayer Rubin, Harry Ruddle, Francis Hugh Ruoslahti, Erkki Russell, Elizabeth Buckley Shull Ruvkun, Gary B. Sabatini, David Domingo Sager, Ruth Salmon, Edward D.

Sato, Gordon Hisashi Scharff, Matthew Daniel Schekman, Randy Wayne Schell, Jozef Stephaan Schneiderman, Howard Allen Schull, William Jackson Schupbach, Gertrud M. Scott, Matthew P. Selander, Robert Keith Shenk, Thomas E. Siekevitz, Philip Silhavy, Thomas J. Singer, Robert H. Slonimski, Piotr Smithies, Oliver Snell, George Davis Solter, Davor Sonneborn, Tracy Morton Spiegelman, Bruce Michael Spradling, Allan Charles Springer, Timothy Alan Srivastava, Deepak Stahl, Franklin William Stern, Curt Stern, Herbert Stoeckenius, Walther Strome, Susan Struhl, Gary Sturtevant, Alfred Henry Sueoka, Noboru Swaminathan, Monkombu Sambasivan Swift, Hewson Hoyt Szostak, Jack W. Tabin, Clifford J. Takeichi, Masatoshi Thorner, Jeremy W. Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco Pasquale Truman, James William Tsien, Roger Yonchien Vale, Ronald D. Waddington, Conrad Hal Waelsch, Salome Gluecksohn Wallace, Bruce Wallace, Douglas C. Walter, Peter Weintraub, Harold Martin Weiss, Paul Alfred Werb, Zena Wessler, Susan R. Willier, Benjamin Harrison Wilson, Edmund Beecher Wilson, Thomas Hastings Winston, Fred M.

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Witkin, Evelyn Maisel Wright, Sewall Yanofsky, Martin F. Yuan, Junying Zinder, Norton David Zwilling, Edgar

Chemistry Abruña, Héctor Daniel Adams, Roger Alberty, Robert Arnold Albrecht, Andreas Christopher Alder, Berni Julian Alivisatos, A. Paul Amdur, Isadore Anders, Edward Andersen, Hans Christian Anderson, James Gilbert Anson, Fred Colvig Apeloig, Yitzhak Arigoni, Duilio Arnold, James Richard Arnold, Samuel Tomlinson Avery, Charles Avouris, Phaedon Badger, Richard McLean Baeyer, Adolf Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Baird, Barbara A. Baker, William Oliver Baldeschwieler, John Dickson Baldwin, Jack Edward Bancroft, Wilder Dwight Barbara, Paul Frank Bard, Allen Joseph Bartlett, Neil Bartlett, Paul Doughty Bartlett, Paul A. Barton, Derek Harold Richard Barton, Jacqueline K. Basolo, Fred Battersby, Alan Rushton Bawendi, Moungi Gabriel Baxter, Gregory Paul Beak, Peter Andrew Beattie, James Alexander Beckman, Arnold Orville Beebe, Ralph Alonzo Bell, Alexis T. Bell, Ronald Percy Benedict, Manson Benkovic, Stephen James Bercaw, John E.

Bergman, Robert George Berne, Bruce J. Bernstein, Richard Barry Berry, Richard Stephen Bersohn, Richard Berson, Jerome Abraham Berthelot, Marcelin (Pierre Eugene Marcelin) Berthollet, Claude Louis, Comte Bertozzi, Carolyn R. Berzelius, Jons Jacob Biemann, Klaus Bigeleisen, Jacob Blagden, Charles Blake, John Harrison Blanchard, Arthur Alphonzo Boger, Dale L. Bogert, Marston Taylor Boltwood, Bertram Borden Booth, Harold Simmons Boxer, Steven George Brauman, John I. Bray, William Crowell Breslow, Ronald Charles David Brewer, Leo Bronsted, Johannes Nicolaus Brookhart, Maurice S. Brown, Harrison Scott Brown, Herbert Charles Brown, Theodore Lawrence Bruice, Thomas Charles Brus, Louis Eugene Buchi, George Hermann Buchwald, Stephen Leffler Buckingham, Amyand David Bunnett, Joseph Frederick Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Burrows, Cynthia J. Cabot, Samuel (1850-1906) Calvin, Melvin Carrington, Alan Carter, Emily Ann Casey, Charles Philip Castleman, Jr., Albert Welford Ceyer, Sylvia Teresse Aida Chamot, Emile Monnin Chan, Sunney I. Chandler, David Chatt, Joseph

Chevreul, Michel Eugene Chisholm, Malcolm Harold Clardy, Jon Christel Clark, Thomas Edwards Clary, David Charles Clayton, Robert Norman Closs, Gerhard Ludwig Coates, Geoffrey W. Coggeshall, George Whitely Cohen, Saul Gerald Cole, Robert Hugh Collins, Samuel Cornette Collman, James Paddock Colombo, Umberto Comey, Arthur Messinger Conant, James Bryant Cooke, Josiah Parsons Cooks, Robert Graham Coolidge, Albert Sprague Cope, Arthur Clay Corey, Elias James Cornforth, John Warcup Coryell, Charles DuBois Cotton, Frank Albert Coulson, Charles Alfred Cowan, George Arthur Crabtree, Robert Howard Crafts, James Mason Craig, Lyman Creighton Cram, Donald James Crawford, Jr., Bryce Low Crim, F. Fleming Cross, Paul Clifford Cummins, Christopher C. Curl, Robert F. Dahl, Lawrence Frederick Dailey, Benjamin Peter Dainton, Frederick Sydney Dalton, John Dana, Samuel Luther Daniels, Farrington Danishefsky, Samuel J. Darensbourg, Marcetta York Dauben, William Garfield Davidson, Ernest Roy Davis, Tenney Lombard Davy, Humphry DePuy, Charles H. Dervan, Peter Brendan DeSimone, Joseph Mark Deutch, John Mark Dewar, Michael James Steuart Dexter, Aaron

Dexter, William Prescott Diederich, Francois N. DiSalvo, Jr., Francis Joseph Djerassi, Carl Doering, William von Eggers Dougherty, Dennis A. Draper, John William Drickamer, Harry George Drown, Thomas Messinger Dumas, Jean Baptiste Andre Dumesic, James Anthony Dunitz, Jack David Dye, James Louis Eigen, Manfred Eisenberg, Richard Eliel, Ernest Ludwig El-Sayed, Mostafa Amr Ernst, Richard R. Ertl, Gerhard Ludwig Eschenmoser, Albert Jakob Esselen, Gustavus John Evans, David Albert Evans, William Lloyd Eyring, Henry Faraday, Michael Fay, Henry Fayer, Michael D. Fenn, John Bennett Feringa, Bernard Lucas (Ben Lucas) Ferry, John Douglass Field, Robert Warren Fieser, Louis Frederick Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J. Fischer, Emil Fischer, Ernst Otto Fisher, Michael Ellis Fixman, Marshall Fleming, Graham Richard Flory, Paul John Flygare, Willis H. Flynn, George William Forbes, George Shannon Fox, Marye Anne Francisco, Joseph S. Franklin, Edward Curtis Fraser-Reid, Bertram O. Frechet, Jean M. J. Freed, Jack Herschel Freed, Karl Frederick Frenkel, Daniel Fried, Josef Friedlander, Gerhart Friesner, Richard A.

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Frumkin, Alexander Naumovich Fu, Gregory Chung-Wei Fukui, Kenichi Fuoss, Raymond Matthew Garland, Carl Wesley Gassman, Paul George Gates, Marshall DeMotte Gay, Martin Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis Gelbart, William Michael Gellman, Samuel H. Genth, Frederick Augustus Ghiorso, Albert Giauque, William Francis Gibbs, Wolcott (Oliver Wolcott) Giese, Bernd Gillespie, Louis John Goddard III, William A. Goldanskii, Vitalii Iosifovich Golden, Sidney Goldschmidt, Victor Gomer, Robert Gooch, Frank Austin Good, Mary Lowe Gordon, Roy Gerald Gorham, John Graham, Thomas Gray, Harry Barkus Greene II, Frederick Davis Greenewalt, Crawford Hallock Griffin, Robert Guy Groves III, John Taylor Grubbs, Robert H. Gruebele, Martin Grunwald, Ernest Max Gutowsky, Herbert Sander Haber, Fritz Hackerman, Norman Hahn, Otto Hall, Frederick Halpern, Jack Hamilton, Andrew D. Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon Hammond, George Simms Hannay, Norman Bruce Hare, Robert Harker, David Harris, Charles Bonner Harris, Louis Hawthorne, Marion Frederick Hayes, Augustus Allen Head-Gordon, Martin P.

Heathcock, Clayton Howell Heidt, Lawrence Joseph Heilbronner, Edgar Heller, Adam Heller, Eric Johnson Hendricks, Sterling Brown Herschbach, Dudley Robert Herzberg, Gerhard Hevesy, George Charles de Heyrovsky, Jaroslav Hill, Henry Barker Hinshelwood, Cyril Norman Hirschfelder, Joseph Oakland Hirschmann, Ralph Franz Hochstrasser, Robin Main Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hoffman, Brian M. Hoffman, Darleane Christian Hoffmann, Roald Hofmann, August Wilhelm Holm, Richard Hadley Hornig, Donald Frederick Horsford, Eben Norton Houk, Kendall Newcomb Houston, Paul Lyon Howe, Henry Marion Huisgen, Rolf Huizenga, John Robert Hume, David Newton Hunt, Thomas Sterry Huntington, Oliver Whipple Huntress, Ernest Hamlin Hush, Noel S. Hutchison, Jr., Clyde Allen Hynes, James Thomas Ibers, James Arthur Imperiali, Barbara Ingold, Christopher Kelk Irvine, Jr., John Withers Jackson, Charles Loring Jacobsen, Eric N. Jennings, Walter Louis Johnson, Mark A. Johnson, Samuel William Johnson, William Summer Johnston, Harold Sledge Jonas, Jiri Jones, Ewart Ray Herbert Jones, Grinnell Jorgensen, William L.

Jorgenson, James W. Jortner, Joshua Joullie, Madeleine M. Julian, Percy Lavon Kahne, Daniel Karle, Isabella Lugoski Karplus, Martin Kasha, Michael Katz, Thomas Joseph Katzenellenbogen, John Albert Kauzmann, Walter Joseph Kegeles, Gerson Kekule von Stadonitz, Friedrich August Keyes, Frederick George Khosla, Chaitan Kiessling, Laura Lee Kimball, George Elbert King, David A. King, Gilbert William Kinnicutt, Leonard Parker Kinsey, James Lloyd Kirkwood, John Gamble Kirwan, Richard Kishi, Yoshito Kistiakowsky, George Bogdan Klafter, Joseph Klein, Michael Lawrence Klemperer, William Aloys Knowles, Jeremy Randall Kohler, Elmer Peter Kolthoff, Izaak Maurits Kraus, Charles August Kuhn, Werner Lamb, Arthur Becket Langmuir, Irving Laudise, Robert Alfred Le Chatelier, Henri Louis Lea, Mathew Carey Lee, Yuan Tseh Lehn, Jean-Marie Pierre Leonard, Nelson Jordan Leone, Stephen R. Lester, Marsha I. Letsinger, Robert Lewis Levine, Raphael David Levy, Donald Harris Lewis, Gilbert Newton Lewis, Jack (Lord) Lewis, Warren Kendall Libby, Willard Frank Lieber, Charles M. Liebig, Justus Freiherr von Linderstrom-Lang, Kaj Ulrik

Lineberger, William Carl Lingane, James Joseph Linschitz, Henry Lippard, Stephen James Lipscomb, Jr., William Nunn Little, Arthur Dehon Long, Franklin Asbury Longuet-Higgins, Hugh Christopher Lord, Richard Collins Mabery, Charles Frederic MacInnes, Duncan Arthur MacMillan, David W.C. Mallet, John William Mallouk, Thomas Marcus, Rudolph Arthur Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard de Mark, Herman Francis Mark, Kenneth Lamartine Marks, Tobin Jay Martell, Arthur Earl Martinez, Todd Joseph Marvel, Carl Shipp Masamune, Satoru Mayer, Joseph Edward McCammon, J. Andrew McClure, Donald Stuart McConnell, Harden Marsden McDermott, Ann Elizabeth McLafferty, Fred Warren McMahon, Howard Oldford Mees, Charles Edward Kenneth Meinwald, Jerrold Mendeleeff (Mendeleyev), Dmitri Ivanowitsh Merrick, John Mudge Meyer, Thomas J. Meyer, Victor Michael, Arthur Michl, Josef Milas, Nicholas Athanasius Miller, William Hughes Mirkin, Chad A. Mislow, Kurt Martin Mitscherlich, Eilhard Mizushima, Sanichiro Moerner, William Esco Moffitt, William Edward Moore, C. Bradley Moore, Forris Jewett Moore, George Dunning Moore, Jeffrey Scott

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Moore, Stanford Morley, Edward Williams Morse, Harmon Northrop Morton, Avery Adrian Moyes, Henry Mueller, Edward Muetterties, Earl Leonard Mulliken, Robert Sanderson Mulliken, Samuel Parsons Munroe, Charles Edward Murray, Royce Wilton Nakamura, Eiichi Nakanishi, Koji Nash, Leonard Kollender Nef, John Ulric (18621915) Negishi, Ei-ichi Nesmeyanov, Alexander Nikolaevich Neumark, Daniel M. Newell, Lyman Churchill Nichols, William Ripley Nicolaou, Kyriacos Costa (KC) Nitzan, Abraham Nocera, Daniel George Norris, James Flack Norris, Jr., James Rufus Norton, John Pitkin Norton, Lewis Mills Noyes, Arthur Amos Noyes, Richard Macy Noyes, William Albert Noyes, Jr., William Albert Noyori, Ryoji Nuzzo, Ralph George Oka, Takeshi Olah, George Andrew Onsager, Lars Oppenheim, Irwin Ordway, John Morse Osborne, Thomas Burr Ostwald, Wilhelm (Friedrich Wilhelm) Ourisson, Guy Overbeek, Jan Theodore Gerard Overman, Larry Eugene Oxtoby, David W. Paneth, Friedrich Adolf Parkes, Samuel Parmenter, Charles Stedman Parr, Robert Ghormley Parrinello, Michele Parshall, George William

Patterson, Robert Maskell Pauling, Linus Carl Perkin, Jr., William Henry Perlman, Isadore Pettit, Rowland Phillips, William Dale Pickett, Lucy Weston Pimentel, George Claude Pines, Alexander Pitzer, Kenneth Sanborn Polanyi, John Charles Polanyi, Michael Pople, John Anthony Porter, George (Lord Porter of Luddenham) Poulter, Charles Dale Prelog, Vladimir Priestley, Joseph Prigogine, Ilya Purves, Clifford Burrough Rabinovitch, Benton Seymour Rabinowitch, Eugene Rammelsberg, Karl Friedrich Rao, Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Ratner, Mark A. Ravenel, Saint Julien Raymond, Kenneth Norman Rebek, Jr., Julius Rees, Douglas C. Regnault, Henri Victor Reichstein, Tadeus Remsen, Ira Rice, Stuart Alan Richards, Theodore William Richmond, Geraldine L. Roberts, John Dombrowski Robinson, Robert Rochow, Eugene George Rogers, Howard Gardner Rogers, Lockhart Burgess Rosanoff, Martin Andre Roscoe, Henry Enfield Rose, Heinrich Ross, John Rossini, Frederick Dominic Rossky, Peter Jacob Rouxel, Jean Marcel Rowe, Allan Winter Rowland, Frank Sherwood Rowlinson, John Shipley Ruzicka, Leopold Stephen Sanger, Charles Robert

Sargeson, Alan McLeod Saunders, Martin Saykally, Richard James Scatchard, George Schaefer III, Henry Frederick Schatz, George Chappell Schepartz, Alanna Scheraga, Harold Abraham Schleyer, Paul von Ragué Schreiber, Stuart Lee Schrock, Richard Royce Schultz, Peter G. Schumb, Walter Cecil Schwarz, Helmut F. Schwarzenbach, Gerold Karl Schwenk, Erwin Seaborg, Glenn Theodore Seyferth, Dietmar Sharples, Stephen Paschall Sharpless, Karl Barry Sheehan, John Clark Sherrill, Miles Standish Shirley, David Arthur Shoemaker, David Powell Shull, Harrison Sidgwick, Nevil Vincent Silbey, Robert J. Silliman, Benjamin Silliman, Jr., Benjamin Simmons, Jr., Howard Ensign Sinanoglu, Oktay Sinfelt, John Henry Skinner, James Lauriston Slichter, William Pence Smalley, Richard Errett Smith, Alexander Smith III, Amos Brittain Smith, Henry Monmouth Smith, John Lawrence Smith, Leighton Bruerton Solomon, Edward Ira Somorjai, Gabor Arpad Sorensen, Soren Peter Lauritz Sorm, Frantisek Stang, Peter John Stein, Richard Stephen Stephenson, Clark Conkling Stevens, Raymond Sawtell Stevenson, Earl Place Stieglitz, Julius Oscar Still, Jr., W. Clark (William Clark)

Stockmayer, Walter Hugo Stoddart, J. Fraser Storer, Francis Humphreys Stork, Gilbert Streitwieser, Jr., Andrew Stubbe, Joanne Stucky, Galen D. Suess, Hans Eduard Sutin, Norman Svedberg, Theodor Swager, Timothy Manning Swain, Charles Gardner Swift, Ernest Haywood Talbot, Henry Paul Tarbell, Dean Stanley Taube, Henry Taylor, Hugh Stott Thomas, John Meurig Thompson, Maurice deKay Thomsen, Hans Peter Jorgen Julius Tinoco, Ignacio Tirrell, David Anthony Tirrell, Matthew Tishler, Max Todd, Alexander Robertus Tolman, Richard Chace Troe, Jurgen (Hans Jurgen) Trost, Barry Martin Tully, John Charles Turkevich, Anthony Leonid Turnbull, David Turro, Nicholas John Underwood, Jr., Henry Weeden Urbain, Georges Urey, Harold Clayton Vaida, Veronica Valentine, Joan Selverstone Van Duyne, Richard Palmer van Tamelen, Eugene Earl van’t Hoff, Jacobus Henricus Vernon, Arthur Andrew Walker, William Hultz Wall, Frederick Theodore Walling, Cheves T. Warren, Cyrus Moors Wasserman, Harry Hershal Waugh, John Stewart Webster, John White Webster, Redford Weeks, John David Weiser, Harry Boyer Weissberger, Arnold

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Weissman, Samuel Isaac Weizmann, Chaim Wender, Paul Anthony West, Cutler DeLong Westheimer, Frank Henry White, Jr., Henry S. Whitesides, George McClelland Whitmore, Frank Clifford Whitney, Willis Rodney Wiberg, Kenneth Berle Widom, Benjamin Wieland, Heinrich Otto Wieland, Theodor Hermann Felix Wilke, Gunther Wilkinson, Geoffrey Williams, Robert Seaton Willstatter, Richard Wilson, Jr., Edgar Bright Wilson, Mathew Kent Wing, Charles Hallett Winstein, Saul Witkop, Bernhard Wohler, Friedrich Wolczanski, Peter Thomas Wolfenden, John Hulton Wolfrom, Melville Lawrence Wollaston, William Hyde Wolynes, Peter Guy Wong, Chi-Huey Wood, Edward Stickney Woodman, Alpheus Grant Woodward, Robert Burns Worrall, David Elbridge Wrighton, Mark Stephen Wudl, Fred Wurtz, Charles Adolphe Xie, Xiaoliang Sunney Yamamoto, Hisashi Yang, Peidong Yost, Don Christopher Merlin Lee Young, Ralph Chillingworth Zare, Richard Neil Zewail, Ahmed Hassan Zimm, Bruno Hasbrouck Zwanzig, Robert Walter

Communications, Journalism, Editing, and Publishing Abramson, Jill Amanpour, Christiane M. Amicis, Edmondo de Angell, Roger Annenberg, Walter Hubert Attenborough, David Frederick Baker, Russell Wayne Baquet, Dean Paul Baron, Martin D. Barth, Alan Bartlett, John Batten, James Knox Bell, Elliott Vallance Bingham, Barry Block, Herbert Lawrence Broder, David Salzer Brokaw, Tom (Thomas John) Brooks, David B. Brooks, Paul Brown, Sevellon Ledyard Bryson, Louise Henry Cahners, Norman Lee Canham, Erwin Dain Carroll, James Carroll, John Sawyer Chancellor, John William Cooney, Joan Ganz Couch, William Terry Cowan, Geoffrey Crider, John Henshaw Cronkite, Walter Crouch, Stanley Davis, Saville Rogers Dionne, Jr., E. J. (Eugene J.) Donhoff, Marion Grafin Donovan, Hedley Williams Elliott, Osborn Fanning, Katherine Woodruff Flanagan, Dennis Frankel, Max Friedman, Thomas Loren Fuller, Jack William Galassi, Jonathan White Gallup, George Horace Gardner, Martin

Garfield, Eugene Ghiglione, Loren Frank Giles, Robert Hardman Godkin, Edwin Lawrence Graham, Donald Graham, Katharine Greenhouse, Linda Joyce Griffiths, Paul Anthony Groopman, Jerome Gubins, Samuel Guillermoprieto, Alma Gunn, Jr., Hartford Nelson Hale, Nathan Hoffman, Paul W. House, Karen Elliott Howe, Mark Antony DeWolfe Ifill, Gwen Ivins, Molly (Mary Tyler) Jamieson, Kathleen Hall Johnson, Jr., Wyatt Thomas Jones, Alex S. Kalb, Marvin Kann, Peter R. Knopf, Alfred Abraham Kovach, Bill Kramer, Jane Kristol, Irving Lamb, Brian Lamm, Donald Stephen Lane, Allen Larsen, Roy Edward Lee, Sidney Lehrer, James Charles Lemann, Nicholas B. Lesser, Wendy Lewis, Anthony Lippmann, Walter Luzac, Jean Lyons, Louis Martin Macdonald, Dwight MacNeil, Robert Breckinridge Ware MacNelly, Jeffrey Kenneth Maddox, John Manning, Robert Joseph McKibben, Bill McPhee, John Angus Menand, Louis Morley, John Moyers, Bill D. Murrow, Edward Roscoe Navasky, Victor Saul O’Brien, Robert Lincoln Overholser, Geneva Page, Walter Hines

Pearlstine, Norman Piel, Gerard Poggioli, Sylvia Price, Lucien Quindlen, Anna Marie Reid, Helen Miles Rogers Remnick, David Ridley, Matthew White (5th Viscount Ridley) Risen, James E. Rovere, Richard Halworth Safire, William L. Sagan, Paul Salisbury, Harrison Evans Scardino, Marjorie M. Schorr, Daniel Louis Schudson, Michael Sedgwick, Ellery Sevareid, Arnold Eric Silvers, Robert Benjamin Spafford, Horatio Gates Stamberg, Susan Levitt Stanton, Frank Straus, Roger W. Sullivan, Jr., Walter Seager Sulzberger, Arthur Hays Sulzberger, Arthur Ochs Talbott III, Nelson Strobridge Taylor, Charles Henry Terragno, Rodolfo Héctor Trillin, Calvin Trudeau, Garry B. Unwin, Stanley Weeks, Jr., Edward Augustus Whelpley, James Davenport White, Theodore Harold Wiggins, James Russell Wilford, Jr., John Noble Wilson III, Ernest J. Wilson, Thomas James Winship, Laurence Leathe Wood, James Woodruff, Judy

Computer Sciences and Technology Adleman, Leonard M. Aho, Alfred V. Aiken, Howard Hathaway Allen, Frances Elizabeth Babbage, Charles Backus, John

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Bajcsy, Ruzena Baran, Paul Bell, C. Gordon (Chester Gordon) Berger, Bonnie Berger, Marsha J. Berners-Lee, Timothy J. Birnbaum, Joel S. Bloch, Erich Blum, Manuel Brin, Sergey Brooks, Jr., Frederick Phillips Brooks, Rodney Brown, John Seely Bryant, Randal E. Cerf, Vinton Gray Chazelle, Bernard Cheatham, Thomas Edward Chen, Steve S. Clark, David D. Clark, James H. Clarke, Edmund Melson Cocke, John Codd, Edgar Frank Colwell, Robert P. Cook, Stephen A. Corbato, Fernando Jose Cover, Thomas M. Dally, William James Dantzig, George Bernard Davis, Ruth Margaret Dell, Michael Saul DeWitt, David J. Donofrio, Nicholas Michael Dwork, Cynthia Edelsbrunner, Herbert Estrin, Deborah Evans, David C. Feigenbaum, Edward Albert Felten, Edward W. Floyd, Robert W. Forrester, Jay Wright Fuchs, Henry Galil, Zvi Garcia-Molina, Hector Gates, William Henry (Bill) Gear, C. William (Charles William) Geschke, Charles M. Goldwasser, Shafi Golomb, Solomon Wolf Golub, Gene Howard

Graham, Susan Lois Gray, James Nicholas Greif, Irene Grosz, Barbara Jean Guttag, John V. Hanrahan, Pat Hartmanis, Juris Haussler, David Hillis, W. Daniel Hopcroft, John Edward Hopper, Grace Brewster Murray Horowitz, Mark A. Horvitz, Eric Joel Irwin, Mary Jane Jacobs, Irwin Mark Jamieson, Leah H. Jobs, Steven Paul Jones, Anita Katherine Jordan, Michael I. Joy, Bill Kaashoek, M. Frans Kahan, William Kahn, Robert E. Kanade, Takeo Karp, Richard Manning Katz, Randy H. Kay, Alan Curtis Kearns, Michael Kennedy, Kenneth W. Kirstein, Peter Thomas Klawe, Maria Kleinberg, Jon M. Kleinrock, Leonard Knuth, Donald Ervin Kurzweil, Ray Lampson, Butler Wright Lazowska, Edward Delano Leighton, Frank Thomson (Tom) Lindberg, Donald A. B. Liskov, Barbara Huberman Lynch, Nancy Ann Massey, James Lee McCarthy, John McRobbie, Michael A. Mead, Carver Andress Metcalfe, Robert Melancton Meyer, Albert Ronald da Silva Micali, Silvio Michie, Donald Miller, William Frederick Minsky, Marvin Lee Mithal, Arvind Moses, Joel

Nayar, Shree K. Newell, Allen Newton, A. Richard Nie, Norman H. Oettinger, Anthony Gervin Ozzie, Raymond E. Page, Larry Papadimitriou, Christos Patterson, David Andrew Pearl, Judea Rashid, Richard F. Reddy, D. Raj Rivest, Ronald Linn Roberts, Lawrence Gilman Samueli, Henry Schmidt, Eric Selinger, Patricia Griffiths Shaw, David E. Shor, Peter Williston Simonyi, Charles Sipser, Michael Smith, Burton Jordan Spector, Alfred Z. Spinrad, Robert J. Sproull, Robert Fletcher Stallman, Richard Matthew Steele, Jr., Guy L. Stonebraker, Michael Sudan, Madhu Sutherland, Ivan Edward Tardos, Eva Tarjan, Robert Endre Thacker, Charles P. Thompson, Kenneth Lane Ullman, Jeffrey D. van Dam, Andries Vardi, Moshe Y. Viterbi, Andrew J. von Neumann, John Warnock, John E. Widom, Jennifer Wigderson, Avi Wilkes, Maurice Vincent Wing, Jeannette M. Wirth, Niklaus Wladawsky-Berger, Irving Wolf, Jack Keil Wulf, William Allan Yao, Andrew Chi-Chih

Economics Aaron, Henry Jacob Abramovitz, Moses Abreu, Dilip J. Acemoglu, K. Daron Ackley, Hugh Gardner

Adelman, Irma Glicman Adelman, Morris Albert Aghion, Philippe Akerlof, George Arthur Alchian, Armen Albert Alesina, Alberto Alexander, Sidney Stuart Altonji, Joseph G. Amemiya, Takeshi Andrews, Donald Wilfrid Kao Angell, James Waterhouse Angrist, Joshua David Araujo, Aloisio Arrow, Kenneth Joseph Ashenfelter, Orley Clark Athey, Susan C. Atkinson, Anthony Barnes Auerbach, Alan Jeffrey Autor, David H. Ayres, Ian Bach, George Leland Bagge, Gosta Adolfsson Baker, George Pierce (1903-1995) Baldwin, Robert Edward Banerjee, Abhijit Vinayak Barro, Robert Joseph Bator, Francis Michael Baumol, William Jack Becker, Gary Stanley Bell, David Elliott Benabou, Roland J.M. Bergson, Abram Bernanke, Ben S. Bernheim, B. Douglas Bertrand, Marianne Besley, Timothy J. Bewley, Truman Fassett Bhagwati, Jagdish Natwarlal Binmore, Kenneth George Bishop, Robert Lyle Bissell, Jr., Richard Mervin Black, Duncan Black, John Donald Blanchard, Olivier Blinder, Alan Stuart Bloom, David Elliot Blundell, Richard Bolton, Patrick Bonbright, James Cummings Boulding, Kenneth Ewart Bresnahan, Timothy Brimmer, Andrew Felton Brock III , William Allen

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Bronfenbrenner, Martin Brown, Donald Jerome Brown, Douglass Vincent Brown, Edgar Cary Brown, James Douglas Bruno, Michael Peter Buchanan, James McGill Bullock, Charles Jesse Bulow, Jeremy Israel Burbank, Harold Hitchings Burns, Arthur Frank Caballero, Ricardo J. Cairncross, Alexander Kirkland Calkins, Robert DeBlois Calvo, Guillermo A. Camerer, Colin F. Campbell, John Y. Card, David E. Carey, Henry Charles Carver, Thomas Nixon Cass, David Cassel, Gustav (Karl Gustav) Castle, Emery Neal Caves, Richard Earl Chamberlain, Gary E. Chamberlin, Edward Hastings Chenery, Hollis Burnley Chevalier, Judith Chipman, John Somerset Cipolla, Carlo Manlio Clark, John Bates Clark, John Maurice Clawson, Marion Clay, Henry Coale, Ansley Johnson Coase, Ronald Harry Cooper, Richard Newell Cosio Villegas, Daniel Crawford, John Grenfell Crawford, Vincent Paul Crowther, Geoffrey Crum, William Leonard Cunningham, William James Cutler, David Daniels, Winthrop More Danziger, Sheldon H. Dasgupta, Partha Sarathi David, Paul Allan Davis, Lance Edwin Day, Edmund Ezra Deaton, Angus Stewart Debreu, Gerard Dekel, Eddie

Demsetz, Harold Denison, Edward Fulton Dewatripont, Mathias Dewey, Davis Rich Dewhurst, James Frederic Dewing, Arthur Stone Diamond, Douglas W. Diamond, Peter Arthur Diaz-Alejandro, Carlos Federico Dixit, Avinash Kamalakar Domar, Evsey David Donohue III, John J. Dorfman, Robert Dornbusch, Rudiger Douglas, Paul Howard Downs, Anthony Dreze, Jacques H. Duffie, Darrell Duflo, Esther Dunbar, Charles Franklin Dunlop, John Thomas Durlauf, Steven Neil Easterlin, Richard Ainley Ebersole, John Franklin Eckstein, Otto Eichengreen, Barry Einaudi, Luigi Eisner, Robert Ellis, Howard Sylvester Ellison, Glenn Engle, Robert Fry Enthoven, Alain Charles Fabricant, Solomon Fairchild, Fred Rogers Fama, Eugene F. Farnam, Henry Walcott Fehr, Ernst Feldstein, Martin Stuart Fellner, William John Fetter, Frank Albert Finkelstein, Amy Fischer, Stanley Fisher, Franklin Marvin Fisher, Irving Fogel, Robert William Freeman, Harold Adolph Freeman, Ralph Evans Freeman, Richard B. French, Kenneth R. Frenkel, Jacob Aharon Friedman, Benjamin M. Friedman, Milton Frisch, Ragnar Anton Kittil Fuchs, Victor Robert Fudenberg, Drew Furniss, Edgar Stephenson

Galbraith, John Kenneth Gale, David Gay, Edwin Francis Geanakoplos, John Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas Gerschenkron, Alexander Pavlovich Gertler, Mark Gibbons, Robert S. Ginzberg, Eli Glaeser, Edward Ludwig Goldberger, Arthur Stanley Goldin, Claudia Dale Goldman, Marshall Irwin Goodrich, Carter Lyman Gordon, Kermit Gordon, Lincoln Gordon, Robert Aaron Gordon, Robert James Gordon, Roger H. Gorman, William Moore (Terrence) Grandmont, Jean-Michel Granger, Clive William John Green, Jerry Richard Greif, Avner Griliches, Hirsh Zvi Grossman, Gene M. Grossman, Sanford Jay Groves, Jr., Theodore Francis Gruber, Jonathan Guesnerie, Roger Sylvani Maxime Auguste Guyer, Jane I. Haavelmo, Trygve Magnus Haberler, Gottfried Hadley, Arthur Twining Hagen, Everett Einar Hahn, Frank Horace Haig, Robert Murray Hall, Robert Ernest Halm, George Nikolaus Hamilton, Earl Jefferson Hansen, Lars Peter Harberger, Arnold Carl Harris, Seymour Edwin Harsanyi, John Charles Hart, Oliver Simon D’Arcy Hausman, Daniel Murray Hawtrey, Ralph George Hayashi, Fumio Heady, Earl Orel Heckman, James Joseph Heller, Walter Wolfgang

Hellwig, Martin F. Helpman, Elhanan Henderson, Vivian Wilson Hendry, David Forbes Hicks, John Richard Hildenbrand, Werner Hirschman, Albert Otto Hirshleifer, Jack Hitch, Charles Johnston Holmstrom, Bengt Robert Houthakker, Hendrik Samuel Hunt, Bishop Carleton Hurwicz, Leonid Imbens, Guido W. Isard, Walter Jackson, Matthew O. Johnson, David Gale Johnson, Harry Gordon Jones, Ronald Winthrop Jorgenson, Dale Weldeau Joskow, Paul Lewis Jovanovic, Boyan Judd, Kenneth L. Kahn, Alfred Edward Kalai, Ehud Kaldor, Nicholas (Lord) Kantorovich, Leonid Vitaljevich Katona, George Katz, Lawrence Frances Kaysen, Carl Kemmerer, Edwin Walter Keynes, John Maynard Kindleberger, Charles Poor King, Mervyn Klein, Lawrence Robert Klemperer, Paul David Kneese, Allen Victor Knight, Frank Hyneman Koopmans, Tjalling Charles Kornai, Janos Kotlikoff, Laurence J. Kravis, Irving Bernard Kremer, Michael Kreps, David Marc Kreps, Juanita Morris Krueger, Alan Krueger, Anne Osborn Krugman, Paul Robin Kuh, Edwin Kuhn, Harold William Kuznets, Simon Smith Laffont, Jean-Jacques Marcel Laibson, David I.

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Lake, Wilfred Stanley Lampman, Robert James Lancaster, Kelvin John Landsberg, Hans Herman Laroque, Guy Lazear, Edward Paul Leamer, Edward Emery Ledyard, John Odell Lee, Ronald Demos Leontief, Wassily Wassilyovitch Lerner, Abba Ptachya Levitt, Steven Lewis, Ben William Lewis, Harold Gregg Lewis, William Arthur Lindbeck, Assar Lintner, John Virgil List, John A. Loewenstein, George Loury, Glenn C. Lucas, Jr., Robert Emerson Lundberg, Erik Filip MacAvoy, Paul Webster Machina, Mark Joseph Machlup, Fritz Maclaurin, William Rupert Maddison, Angus Mailath, George J. Malinvaud, Edmond Mankiw, N. Gregory Manne, Alan Sussman Mansfield, Edwin Manski, Charles Frederick Markowitz, Harry M. Marschak, Jacob Marshall, Alfred Marshall, Leon Carroll Mas-Colell, Andreu Maskin, Eric Stark Mason, Edward Sagendorph Masse, Pierre Matthews, Robert Charles Oliver McCrea, Roswell Cheney McFadden, Daniel Little McKenzie, Lionel Wilfred McLaren, Walter Wallace McNair, Malcolm Perrine Meade, James Edward Mellor, John Williams Meriam, Richard Stockton Merton, Robert Cox Metzler, Lloyd Appleton Meyer, John Robert Milgrom, Paul Robert

Miller, Merton Howard Millikan, Max Franklin Millis, Harry Alvin Mills, Frederick Cecil Mincer, Jacob Mirrlees, James Alexander Mitchell, Wesley Clair Modigliani, Franco Moffitt, Robert A. Mokyr, Joel Monroe, Arthur Eli Moore, John Hardman Morgan, James Newton Morgenstern, Oskar Morishima, Michio Morris, Stephen Edward Mortensen, Dale T. Moulton, Harold Glenn Mundell, Robert Alexander Murphy, Kevin M. Musgrave, Richard Abel Myers, Charles Andrew Myerson, Roger B. Myrdal, Karl Gunnar Neal, Alfred Clarence Nelson, Richard Robinson Nerlove, Marc Leon Newey, Whitney K. Newhouse, Joseph Paul Nickell, Stephen Nordhaus, William D. North, Douglass Cecil Nourse, Edwin Griswold Nurkse, Ragnar Obstfeld, Maurice Ohkawa, Kazushi Ohlin, Bertil Gotthard Oi, Walter Yasuo Okun, Arthur Melvin Olson, Jr., Mancur Lloyd Pakes, Ariel Palfrey, Thomas R. Parker, William Nelson Patinkin, Don Paton, William Andrew Pearce, David G. Pechman, Joseph Aaron Perloff, Harvey Stephen Persons, Warren Milton Persson, Torsten Pesendorfer, Wolfgang Phelps, Edmund Strother Phillips, Peter Charles Bonest Piazzesi, Monika Pigou, Arthur Cecil Plott, Charles Raymond

Polasky, A. Stephen Pollak, Robert A. Porter, Robert Hugh Postan, Michael Moissey Postlewaite, Andrew Poterba, James Michael Powell, James L. Pratt, John Winsor Prebisch, Raul Prescott, Edward C. Quandt, Richard Emeric Rabin, Matthew Radner, Roy Raiffa, Howard Rajan, Raghuram G. Rees, Albert Everett Reischauer, Robert D. Reiter, Stanley Reynolds, Lloyd George Ripley, William Zebina Rist, Charles Rivlin, Alice Mitchell Robbins, Lionel Charles (Baron Robbins of Clare Market) Roberts, D. John (Donald John) Robertson, Dennis Holme Robinson, Joan Violet Maurice Rogoff, Kenneth Saul Wentworth Romer, Christina D. Romer, David Nilakanta Romer, Paul Michael Roorbach, George Byron Rosen, Sherwin Rosenberg, Nathan Rosenstein-Rodan, Paul Narcyz Rosovsky, Henry Ross, Stephen Alan Rostow, Walt Whitman Roth, Alvin Eliot Rothschild, Michael Rubinfeld, Daniel Lee Rubinstein, Ariel Ruggles, Clyde Orval Ruttan, Vernon Wesley Saari, Donald Gene Sachs, Jeffrey David Saez, Emmanuel Saltykov, Boris Georgievich Samuelson, Larry Samuelson, Paul Anthony Sanders, Thomas Henry

Sargan, John Denis Sargent, Thomas John Satterthwaite, Mark A. Sauvy, Alfred Scarf, Herbert Eli Schapiro, Morton Owen Scheinkman, Jose Alexandre Schelling, Thomas Crombie Schmalensee, Richard Lee Schmeidler, David Scholes, Myron S. Schuh, George Edward Schultz, Theodore William Schultze, Charles Louis Schumpeter, Joseph Alois Schwartz, Anna J. Scitovsky, Tibor Selten, Reinhard Sen, Amartya Kumar Shapiro, Eli Shaw, Edward Stone Sheshinski, Eytan Shiller, Robert James Shimer, Robert J. Shleifer, Andrei Shoven, John B. Shubik, Martin Shultz, George Pratt Simon, Herbert Alexander Sims, Christopher Albert Smith, Vernon Lomax Smithies, Arthur Snyder, Carl Sobel, Joel Sokoloff, Kenneth L. Solow, Robert Merton Sombart, Werner Sonnenschein, Hugo Freund Spence, Andrew Michael Spengler, Joseph John Sprague, Oliver Mitchell Srinivasan, Thirukodikaval Stein, Herbert Stein, Jeremy C. Stern, Nicholas H. Stigler, George Joseph Stiglitz, Joseph Eugene Stock, James H. Stokey, Nancy L. Stone, John Richard Nicholas Summers, Lawrence H. Summers, Robert Svensson, Lars E. O.

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Tabellini, Guido Taft, Philip Taft-Morris, Cynthia Taussig, Frank William Taylor, John Brian Temin, Peter Thaler, Richard H. Theil, Henri Thorp, Willard Long Thurow, Lester Carl Tinbergen, Jan Tirole, Jean Marcel Tobin, James Tosdal, Harry Rudolph Townsend, Robert Morris Triffin, Robert Tucker, Donald Skeele Tullock, Gordon Udry, Christopher R. Usher, Abbott Payson Uzawa, Hirofumi Varian, Hal Ronald Vernon, Raymond Vickrey, William Spencer Viner, Jacob Vishny, Robert W. Volcker, Paul A. Walker, Francis Amasa Wallace, Neil Ward, Barbara (Lady Jackson) Watson, Mark W. Weidenbaum, Murray L. Weitzman, Martin Levinger Weizsacker, Carl Christian von Welch, Finis R. Wells, David Ames Whinston, Michael D. White, Jr., Halbert Lynn Whitehead, Thomas North Whitman, Marina von Neumann Williams, John Henry Williamson, Oliver Eaton Willits, Joseph Henry Wilson, Robert Butler Wolman, Leo Woodford, Michael Wright, Gavin Yaari, Menachem Eliahu Yellen, Janet Louise Yntema, Theodore Otte Young, Allyn Abbott Zeckhauser, Richard Jay Zellner, Arnold

Zingales, Luigi G.

Educational, Scientific, Cultural, and Philanthropic Administration

(Nongovernmental) Abbot, Joseph Hale Adams, Jr., Frederick Baldwin Adams, Jasper Ahearne, John Francis Alexander, John David Allen, Paul Gardner Allen, William Alter, Chester M. Altman, Drew E. Anastos, Rosemary Park Andrews, William Turell Angell, James Burrill Angell, James Rowland Annan , Noel Gilroy (Lord) Annenberg, Leonore Aoun, Joseph E. Appleton, Jesse Armstrong, Rodney Astor, Brooke Russell Austin, Wanda M. Ausubel, Jesse Huntley Bacow, Lawrence S. Baker, William Franklin Baldwin, Roger Nash Barker, Joseph Warren Barnard, Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard, James Munson Bates, Joshua Bawa, Kamaljit Singh Beatley, Bancroft Belden, Charles Francis Dorr Benitez, Jaime Bennack, Jr., Frank A. Bennet, Jr., Douglas Joseph Berdahl, Robert M. Berlowitz, Leslie Cohen Berne, Robert Berresford, Susan Vail Bissell, Claude Thomas Block, Gene D.

Bond, William Henry Bono (see also Paul David Hewson) Botstein, Leon Bottomly, H. Kim Bowen, William Gordon Boyd, Willard Lee Boyer, Ernest LeRoy Bren, Donald Brim, Jr., Orville Gilbert Brimmer, Martin Brody, William Ralph Bronk, Detlev Wulf Brown, John Carter Brown, Samuel Gilman Bryant, Douglas Wallace Burdell, Edwin Sharp Burhoe, Ralph Wendell Burkhardt, Frederick Henry Butterfield, Victor Lloyd Cabot, Louis Campbell, Colin Goetze Campbell, Mary Schmidt Cantor, Nancy E. Carnesale, Albert Carter, Franklin Case, Harold Claude Cash, Jr., James Ireland Casteen III, John T. Chamberlain, Mellen Chapin, Schuyler Garrison Chatfield-Taylor, Adele Chobanian, Aram V. Christ, Carol Tecla Christ-Janer, Arland Frederick Cigarroa, Francisco G. Claflin, Jr., William Henry Clap, Elisha Clapp, Margaret Antoinette Clark, William Smith Cockrell, Ernest H. Cogswell, Joseph Green Cohn, Marjorie Benedict Cohon, Jared Leigh Cole, Charles Woolsey Cole, Johnnetta Betsch Coleman, Mary Sue Coles, James Stacy Collar, William Coe Colwell, Rita R. Compton, Spencer Joshua Alwyne, Marquis of Northampton

Comstock, Ada Louise (Mrs. Wallace Notestein) Conarroe, Joel Osborne Conway, Gordon Richard Conway, Jill Ker Cordova, France A. Corson, Dale Raymond Cotsen, Lloyd Cousens, John Albert Cowen, Scott Stephen Crawford, John Grenfell Crown, James S. Cummings, John Cuno, James Dachs, Lauren B. Dale, Harvey P. Danforth, William Henry Daniel, D. Ronald Daniels, Ronald J. Davis, Karen Day, Jeremiah de Montebello, Philippe Lannes (Guy-Philippe Lannes) Dearborn, Benjamin DeGioia, John J. Desmond-Hellmann, Susan Diamond, Irene Dickey, John Sloan Dixwell, Epes Sargent Djerejian, Edward P. Dodds, Harold Willis Dollard, Charles Drake, Michael Vincent Duderstadt, James Johnson Dunn, Mary Maples Dwight, Timothy (17521817) Dzau, Victor J. Eames, Wilberforce Edwards, Robert H. Eisenhower, Milton Stover Eliot, Charles William Eliot, Samuel Atkins Ell, Carl Stephens Evans, Eli Nachamson Evans, Luther Harris Everett, William Fanton, Jonathan Faulkner, Larry Ray Faust, Clarence Henry Fergusson, Frances Daly Field, William Lusk Webster Fins, Joseph J. Fleming, Robben Wright

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Folsom, Charles Forbes, Allyn Bailey Francis, Frank Chalton Francis, Norman C. Freedman, James Oliver Frenk, Julio Friday, William Clyde Frohnmayer, David Braden Fuess, Claude Moore Futter, Ellen Victoria Gagosian, Robert Berj Gaither, Jr., Horace Rowan Gallucci, Robert L. Gannett, Caleb Gardner, David Pierpont Gardner, John William Gates, Melinda French Gates, Robert Michael Gates, Sr., William H. Gaudiani, Claire Lynn Gebbie, Katharine Blodgett Gerberding, William P. Gilman, Daniel Coit Glennan, Thomas Keith Goheen, Robert F. Golden, Sibyl R. Goldmark, Jr., Peter Carl Goldstein, Matthew Goodwin, Daniel Raynes Gotto, Jr., Antonio Marion Gould, Sr., Benjamin Apthorp Graham, Frank Porter Graham, Patricia Albjerg Gray, Hanna Holborn Greene, Jerome Davis Greene, Roger Sherman Greenwood, M.R.C. Gregg, Alan Gregorian, Vartan Griswold, Alfred Whitney Gund, Agnes Gundersheimer, Werner Leonard Gupta, Rajat Kumar Haas, Robert D. Haddock, Charles Bricket Hale, Samuel Hamilton, Lee Herbert Hauser, Rita Eleanor Heald, Henry Townley Healy, Timothy Stafford Heard, Alexander (George Alexander) Heckscher, August Heinz, Teresa F. Heller, Elinor Raas

Herman, Richard H. Hesburgh, Theodore Martin Hewlett, Walter Berry Hewson, Paul David (see also Bono) Heyman, Ira Michael Heyns, Roger William Hodges, Nathaniel Dana Carlile Holland, Jerome Heartwell Hollis (aka Brand-Hollis), Thomas Brand Hopkins, Ernest Martin Hopkins, Mark Hopper, W. David (William David) Horne, Marilyn Horowitz, Frances Degen Howard, Duke of Norfolk Bernard Edward Howe II, Harold Hrabowski III, Freeman Alphonsa Humphrey, Heman Ikenberry, Stanley Oliver Jackson, William Alexander Jaim Etcheverry, Guillermo Jefferson, Howard Bonar Jenkins, John I. Jewett, Charles Coffin Johnson, Howard Wesley Jones, Alex S. Katehi, Linda P.B. Katz, Stanley Nider Kavli, Fred Kean, Thomas H. Keeney, Barnaby Conrad Keller, Michael A. Kellogg, Paul Keohane, Nannerl Overholser Kerr, Clark Kessler, David Aaron Killian, Jr., James Rhyne Kim, Jim Yong Kirby, William Kirk, Grayson Louis Kirkland, John Thornton Kirwan II, William English Knapp, Steven Knowles, Asa Smallidge Koblik, Steven S. Kraft, Robert K. Kreidler, Robert Neil Krens, Thomas

Lane, William Coolidge LeClerc, Paul Lee, Ho-Wang Lefavour, Henry Leshner, Alan Irvin Levi, Edward Hirsch Levin, Richard Charles Levine, Arthur Elliott Levy, Reynold Lewis, Earl Linde, Edward H. Lord, Milton Edward Loring, Charles Greely (1828-1902) Lowell, Abbott Lawrence Lust, Reimar Lyman, Richard Wall MacGregor, Neil Madison, James Mahoney, Margaret Ellerbe Malcom, Shirley Mahaley Mandel, Morton L. Marrett, Cora Bagley Marsh, Daniel Lash Martin, Carolyn A. Martinez-Maldonado, Manuel Marx, Anthony W. Mashelkar, Raghunath A. Mather, Jean Paul Mays, Benjamin Elijah McBride, Katharine Elizabeth McCarter, Jr., John W. McCormack, Elizabeth J. McCormack, Jr., James McGill, William James McIntosh, Millicent Carey McPherson, Mary Patterson McRobbie, Michael A. Mead, Dana G. Meadows, Jr., Curtis W. Mellon, Paul Mendenhall II, Thomas Corwin Merrill, Jr., Charles Edward Metcalf, Keyes DeWitt Miles, Solomon Pearson Moe, Henry Allen Moeser, James Monro, John Usher Moody, Samuel Mori, Wataru Mote, Jr., C. Dan (Clayton Daniel)

Muller, Steven Munitz, Barry Murphy, Franklin David Neaves, William Barlow Newton, Jr., James Quigg Nurse, Paul Maxime O’Donnell, Peter Okita, Saburo O’Meara, Onorato Timothy Omenn, Gilbert Stanley Omidyar, Pierre Orr, Susan Packard Osher, Bernard Oxtoby, David W. Pace, Jr., Frank Packard, Alpheus Spring (1798-1884) Packard, David Woodley Packard, Julie E. Paine, Jr., Robert Treat Pal, Yash Palacios, Alfredo Lorenzo Pardes, Herbert Park, William Edgar Pearson, Eliphalet Peltason, Jack Walter Perkins, James Alfred Pfeiffer, Heinrich Pifer, Alan Jay Parrish Pings, Cornelius John Polisi, Joseph William Porter, Noah Price, Hugh B. Pritchett, Henry Smith Pusey, Nathan Marsh Putnam, Herbert (George Herbert) Pynchon, Thomas Ruggles Rabinowitch, Victor Ramphele, Mamphela Aletta Randel, Don Michael Ranney, George Rawlings III, Hunter Ripley Read, Joel (Sister Joel Read) Reif, L. Rafael Reinharz, Jehuda Reischauer, Robert D. Rhodes, Frank Harold Trevor Richardson, William C. Ripley, Sidney Dillon Rockefeller, Sharon Percy Rogers, Rutherford David

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Rogers, Theodore C. Rose, Joanna Semel Rosenberg, Pierre Max Rosenzweig, Robert Myron Rotch, Arthur Grinnell Rowe, John W. Rudenstine, Neil L. Rupp, George Erik Sachar, Abram Leon Sainsbury, David John (Lord Sainsbury of Turville) Salomon, Richard Saltonstall, William Gurdon Sample, Steven Browning Santirocco, Matthew S. Sarabhai, Vikram Ambalal Sawyer, John Edward Saxon, David Stephen Schapiro, Morton Owen Schmidt, Jr., Benno Charles Schoenfeld, Gerald Schupf, Sara Lee Scott, Donald Sears, Barnas Seaver, Edwin Pliny Serageldin, Ismail Sexton, John Edward Seymour, Charles Shackleton, Robert Shapiro, Harold Tafler Shapiro, Judith R. Shattuck, Henry Lee Shattuck, John Shaw, William Smith Sherwin, Thomas Shih, Choon Fong Shulman, Lee S. Shuster, George Nauman Sibley, John Langdon Simmons, Adele Smith Simmons, Ruth J. Sizer, Theodore Ryland Skorton, David J. Slaughter, John Brooks Smith, Charles Card Snyder, Joseph Julien Snyderman, Ralph J. Spar, Debora L. Spaulding, Helen Bowdoin Sproull, Robert Lamb Stamas, Stephen Starr, S. Frederick (Stephen Frederick) Stearns, William Augustus

Sterling, John Ewart Wallace Stevenson, William Edwards Stewart, Donald Mitchell Stiles, Ezra Stonesifer, Patty (Patricia Q.) Strider, Robert Edward Lee Sullivan, Louis Wade Sutherland, Lucy Stuart Swensen, David Frederick Tate, Vernon Dale Taylor, Francis Henry Thomas, Franklin Augustine Thwing, Charles Franklin Tillinghast, Nicholas Tisch, Wilma Stein Trachtenberg, Stephen Joel Train, Russell Errol Tyson, Laura D’Andrea Ubiñas, Luis A. Vest, Charles M. Voss, John Wagner, James Warren Wallis, Wilson Allen Walsh, Diana Chapman Wanner, H. Eric Waterbury, John Wayland, Francis Weaver, Warren Webber, Samuel Weber, Arnold Robert Wells, Herman B. Wessell, Nils Yngve Wexner, Leslie H. Wharton, Jr., Clifton Reginald White, Andrew Dickson Whitehill, Walter Muir Wigglesworth, Edward (1804-1876) Willard, Joseph Williams, David Glyndwr Tudor Williams, Eddie Nathan Wilson, John Todd Wilson, Owen Meredith Winthrop, James Wolfle, Dael Lee Wolstenholme, Gordon Ethelbert Ward Wood, James Nowell Woolsey, Theodore Dwight Wright, James Edward

Wriston, Henry Merritt Wroth, Lawrence Counselman Xie, Xide Young, Charles Edward Young, Robert Yudof, Mark George Zimmer, Robert J.

Engineering and Technology Abbot, Henry Larcom Abernathy, Frederick Henry Abriola, Linda Marie Abron, Lilia A. Achenbach, Jan Drewes Acrivos, Andreas Adams, Comfort Avery Adler, Richard Brooks Alexander, Ben Amundson, Neal Russell Anderson, John Leonard Aris, Rutherford Arnold, Frances Hamilton Ashby, Michael Farries Ashley, Holt Astin, Allen Varley Austin, Wanda M. Baddour, Raymond Frederick Baird, Walter Scott Bajcsy, Ruzena Baker, Benjamin Baldwin, George Rumford Baldwin, James Fowle Baldwin, Loammi Baldwin, Jr., Loammi Balluffi, Robert Weierter Barrow, Wilmer Lanier Barrows, Harold Kilbrith Baruch, Jordan Jay Batchelder, John Montgomery Bates, Frank S. Bazant, Zdenek P. Bechtel, Jr., Stephen Davison Behrend, Bernard Arthur Belcher, Angela M. Bell, Alexander Graham Bell, C. Gordon (Chester Gordon) Belytschko, Ted Bement, Jr., Arden Lee

Beranek, Leo Leroy Berry, Charles Harold Bessemer, Henry Bever, Michael Berliner Billington, David Perkins Biot, Maurice Anthony Bird, Robert Byron Birnbaum, Howard Kent Bisplinghoff, Raymond Lewis Bixby, William Herbert Blake, Francis Bode, Hendrik Wade Bomford, George Borden, Simeon Bose, Amar Gopal Boudart, Michel Bowen, Harvey Kent Bowles, Edward Lindley Bowles, Francis Tiffany Boyce, Mary Cunningham Boyden, Uriah Atherton Brenner, Howard Bridges, William Bruce Brown, Gordon Stanley Brown, Robert Arthur Brunel, Marc Isambard (Sir) Brush, Charles Francis Bryson, Jr., Arthur Earl Buckley, Oliver Ellsworth Budiansky, Bernard Buhrman, Robert Alan Burgers, Johannes Martinus Burr, William Hubert Bush, Vannevar Cabot, William Brooks Cahn, John Werner Caldwell, Samuel Hawks Caligny, Anatole Francois Hue, Marquis de Campbell, George Ashley Cannon, Jr., Robert Hamilton Carlson, Chester Floyd Carrier, George Francis Carroll, Michael M. Carter, Emily Ann Carty, John Joseph Casagrande, Arthur Chakraborty, Arup K. Chalmers, Bruce Channing, William Francis Chaplin, Winfield Scott Chenea, Paul Franklin Chien, Shu

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Chipman, John Cho, Alfred Yi Chow, Ven Te Chowdhry, Uma Chu, Lan Jen Clarke, Edmund Melson Clarke, Eliot Channing Clauser, Francis Hettinger Clauser, Milton Ure Clifford, Harry Ellsworth Clifton, Rodney James Clough, Gerald Wayne Cochrane, Edward Lull Cohen, Morris Collins, James Joseph Colombo, Giuseppe Colwell, Robert P. Comstock, Cyrus Ballou Cook, Paul Maxwell Corrsin, Stanley Cottrell, Alan Howard Craighill, William Price Crandall, Stephen Harry Cross, Hardy Cullum, George Washington Currie, Malcolm Roderick Dahl, Norman Christian Dahl, Otto Gustav Colbiornsen Danckwerts, Peter Victor Davenport, Jr., Wilbur Bayley David, Jr., Edward Emil Davis, Arthur Powell Dawes, Chester Laurens de Forest, Alfred Victor de Pablo, Juan José Dean, Mark E. Debenedetti, Pablo Gaston Delafield, Richard Den Hartog, Jacob Pieter Denn, Morton Mace Dewey, Bradley Dhawan, Satish (name changed to Ashoka Jahnavi Prasad, Jr.) Dietz, Albert George Henry Dillon, Theodore Harwood d’Ocagne, Maurice Dodge, Barnett Fred Doerr, John Dolby, Ray Milton Draper, Charles Stark Drinker, Philip Drucker, Daniel Charles

Dumesic, James Anthony Dunn, Gano Sillick Durand, William Frederick Duwez, Pol Edgard Eastham, Melville Economy, James Edgar, Charles Leavitt Edgerton, Harold Eugene Elias, Peter Eliassen, Rolf Elliott, John Frank Emelyanov, Vasily Semenovich Emmons, Howard Wilson Engelbart, Douglas Carl Eustis, Henry Lawrence Evans, Anthony G. Everhart, Thomas Eugene Fabre, Jean Antoine Fair, Gordon Maskew Fairbairn, William Fano, Robert Mario Fant, Gunnar Carl Michael Farmer, Moses Gerrish Fay, Frederic Harold Fay, James Alan Ffowcs-Williams, John E. Fine, Morris Eugene Fisher, George Myles Cordell Fitzgerald, Desmond Flanagan, James Loton Flanigen, Edith Marie Flemings, Merton Corson Fletcher, James Chipman Floe, Carl Frederick Forney, Jr., G. David (George David) Forsen, Harold K. Fourneyron, Benoit Francis, James Bicheno Fredrickson, Glenn H. Freeman, John Ripley Freund, Lambert Ben Fritz, John Fujimoto, James G. Gallager, Robert G. Garmire, Elsa Gast, Alice Petry Gatos, Harry Constantine Gaudin, Antoine Marc Germain, Paul Germeshausen, Kenneth Joseph Gibbons, James F. Gilboy, Glennon Gilliland, Edwin Richard

Ginzton, Edward Leonard Gleiter, Herbert Glennan, Thomas Keith Glotzer, Sharon C. Goethals, George Washington Goldenweiser (Goldenveizer), Alexey Lvovitch Goldmark, Peter Carl Goldstein, Arthur L. Goodman, Joseph W. Gordon, Bernard M. Gould, Roy Walter Grant, Nicholas John Gray, Paul Edward Green, Cecil Howard Guillemin, Ernst Adolph Gunness, Robert Charles Gyftopoulos, Elias Panayiotis Haertlein, Albert Hague, James Duncan Halas, Naomi J. Hammond, John Hays Hampton, Delon Hanratty, Thomas Joseph Hansen, Niels Harris, Stephen Ernst Hatsopoulos, George Nicholas Haus, Hermann Anton Haussler, David Hawthorne, William Rede Hayes, Wallace Dean Hayward, James Hazen, Harold Locke Hecker, Siegfried S. Heilmeier, George Harry Heller, Adam Hellwarth, Robert Willis Henck, John Benjamin Hennessy, John Leroy Hering, Rudolph Hess, Karl Hewlett, William Redington Heywood, John Benjamin Hibbard, Jr., Walter Rollo Hirsch, Peter B. Hirth, John Price Hoff, Nicholas John Hofman, Heinrich Oscar Hollis, Ira Nelson Hollomon, John Herbert Holonyak, Jr., Nick Hooper, William Leslie

Horowitz, Mark A. Hosmer, George Leonard Hottel, Hoyt Clarke Housner, George William Hovgaard, William Howe, Clarence Decatur Hrones, John Anthony Hu, Evelyn L. Hughes, Hector James Hughes, Thomas J.R. Humphreys, Alexander Crombie Humphreys, Andrew Atkinson Hunsaker, Jerome Clarke Hutchinson, John Woodside Hutton, Frederick Remsen Ippen, Arthur Thomas Ippen, Erich Peter Ives, Frederic Eugene Jack, James Robertson Jackson, Dugald Caleb Jacquet, Pierre Armand Jain, Rakesh K. Jamieson, Leah H. Janet, Paul Andre-Marie Jennings, Paul Christian Jensen, Klavs Flemming Jewett, Frank Baldwin Joel, Jr., Amos Edward Joffre, Joseph Jacques Cesaire Johnson, Clarence Leonard Johnson, Lewis Jerome Jones, Robert Thomas Jones, Thomas P. Joseph, Daniel Donald Kailath, Thomas Kantrowitz, Arthur Robert Kaplan, Irving Katehi, Linda P.B. Kaye, Joseph Keenan, Joseph Henry Kennelly, Arthur Edwin Kerrebrock, Jack Leo Khosla, Chaitan King, Thomas Burness Kingery, William David Kleinschmidt, Robert Victor Koiter, Warner Tjardus Kondo, Kazuo Kovasznay, Leslie Stephen George Kramer, Edward J. Kresa, Kent

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Land, Edwin Herbert Landau, Ralph Langer, Jr., Robert Samuel Lanza, Gaetano Latanision, Ronald Michael Lauffenburger, Douglas A. Law, Chung K. Lawrence, Ralph Restieaux Laws, Frank Arthur Leal, L. Gary Leavitt, Erasmus Darwin Lee, William Raymond Lees, Lester Leibovich, Sidney Lessells, John Moyes Lesseps, Ferdinand Marie, Vicomte de Leussink, Hans Levy, Maurice Lewis, Jennifer A. Liepmann, Hans Wolfgang Lightfoot, Jr., Edwin Niblock Linvill, John Grimes Livermore, William Roscoe Lombardi, Luigi Low, George Michael Lucky, Robert Wendell Lumley, John Leask MacCready, Paul Beattie MacGregor, Charles Winters Magnanti, Thomas Lee Mahan, Dennis Hart Main, Charles Thomas Mallouk, Thomas Mann, Robert Wellesley Marks, Lionel Simeon Marshall, William Robert Mashelkar, Raghunath A. Mason, Edward Archibald Mathews, Max Vernon Maxworthy, Tony McAdams, William Henry McCarty, Perry Lee McClintock, Frank Ambrose Meade, George Gordon Meindl, James Donald Meissner, Herman Paul Merrill, Edward Wilson Meyer, Adolph Mickley, Harold Somers Miller, Charles Leslie Miller, Edward Furber Millikan, Clark Blanchard Mills, Hiram Francis

Mindlin, Raymond David Moin, Parviz Moll, John L. Moore, Gordon Earle Moreland, Edward Leyburn Morison, George Shattuck Morse, Samuel Finley Breese Muller-Breslau, Heinrich Franz Bernhard Murray, William MacGregor Narasimha, Roddam Narayanamurti, Venkatesh Nayar, Shree K. Needleman, Alan Nerem, Robert Michael Newmark, Nathan Mortimore Newton, John Nix, William Dale Noble, Alfred Norton, Arthur Edwin Norton, John Torrey Noyce, Robert Norton Nurmikko, Arto Veikko Oden, John Tinsley Olson, Gregory B. Olvera de la Cruz, Monica Orowan, Egon Ortiz, Michael Ostrach, Simon Ottino, Julio Mario Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z. Park, Charles Francis Parkin, Stuart Stephen Papworth Parsons, William Barclay Peabody, Cecil Hobart Pearse, Langdon Peck, Ralph Brazelton Pederson, Donald Oscar Pender, Harold Penner, Stanford Solomon Perkins, Courtland Davis Perkins, Jacob Perry, William James Peters, Edward Dyer Peterson, Jr., Dean Freeman Petroski, Henry Phillips, Julia Mae Pickard, Greenleaf Whittier

Pickering, William Hayward Pierce, John Alvin Pierce, John Robinson Piore, Emanuel Ruben Pister, Karl Stark Plummer, James D. Poncelet, Jean Victor Poor, Harold Vincent Pope, Joseph Pope, Stephen B. Prager, William Prausnitz, John Michael Probst, Emil Probstein, Ronald Filmore Proctor, Bernard Emerson Quate, Calvin Forrest Quinn, John Albert Ramo, Simon Rankine, William John Macquorn Rasmussen, Norman Carl Read, Nathan Reif, L. Rafael Renwick, James Reynolds, William Craig Rice, James Robert Richards, Robert Hallowell Ritchie, Edward Samuel Robinson, Denis Morrell Rockwell, Alfred Perkins Rodríguez-Iturbe, Ignacio J. Rohsenow, Warren Max Rosakis, Ares J. Rose, David John Rosenblueth, Emilio Roshko, Anatol Rouse, Hunter Ruckenstein, Eli Rudenberg, Reinhold Ruggles, Stephen Preston Ruina, Jack Philip Russel, William Bailey Russell, Andrew Howland Russell, George Edmond Sanders, Jr., John Lyell Sastry, Sosale Shankara (Shankar) Satterfield, Charles Nelson Sauveur, Albert Schowalter, William Raymond Schwamb, Peter Scriven, L. E. (L. Edward) Seamans, Jr., Robert Channing

Sears, William Rees Sedov, Leonid Ivanovich Seidman, David Nathaniel Seinfeld, John Hersh Sellers, William Shank, Charles Vernon Shannon, Claude Elwood Shapiro, Ascher Herman Shaw, Milton Clayton Sherwood, Thomas Kilgore Shih, Choon Fong Shuler, Michael Louis Siegman, Anthony Edward Simon, Leslie Earl Sims, William Sowden Slepian, David Smith, Cyril Stanley Smith, Henry I. Smullin, Louis Dijour Smyth, Henry Lloyd Soderberg, C. Richard (Carl Richard) Spencer, Anthony James Merrill Spencer, Percy LeBaron Spofford, Charles Milton Sprague, Robert Chapman Squires, Arthur Morton Sreenivasan, Katepalli R. Stata, Raymond Stuart Stearns, Frederic Pike Steinmetz, Charles Proteus Stephanopoulos, George Stephenson, Robert Sternberg, Eli Stevens, John Frank Stevens, Kenneth Noble Stever, Horton Guyford Stodola, Aurel Boleslav Stone, Howard A. Stone, John Stone Storrow, Charles Storer Streetman, Ben Garland Stupp, Samuel I. Sullivan, John Langdon Suresh, Subra Sussman, Gerald Jay Swain, George Fillmore Taylor, Charles Fayette Taylor, Edward Story Taylor, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Kathleen Christine Temple, John Hapgood Terman, Frederick Emmons Terzaghi, Karl Thayer, Sylvanus

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Thomas, Edwin Lorimer Thomas, Jr., Harold Allen Thomas, Leo John Thompson, Theos Jardin Thomson, Elihu Tien, Chang Lin Timonoff (Timonov), Vsevolod Evgenievich Totten, Joseph Gilbert Townsend, Albert Alan Treadwell, Daniel Troost, Laurens Trowbridge, William Petit Trump, John George Truxal, John Groff Tsien, Hsue-Shen (Qian Xuesen) Tsui, Daniel C. Uhlig, Herbert Henry Unwin, William Cawthorne Van Dyke, Milton Denman Varaiya, Pravin P. Vest, Charles M. Vicat, Louis Joseph Villard, Jr., Oswald Garrison Vitry d’Avaucourt, Raoul Joseph Marie de von Hippel, Arthur Robert von Karman, Theodore von Mises, Richard Wagner, Carl Wilhelm Wagner, James Warren Wagner, Karl Willy Walker, Eric Arthur Wang, Daniel I-Chyau Warner, Edward Pearson Watson, William Weber, Ernst Weber, Harold Christian Webster, Edwin Sibley Weertman, Johannes Weertman, Julia Randall Wei, James Weiss, Herbert George Wells, Arthur Edward Westergaard, Harald Malcolm Weston, Robert Spurr Wheeler, Mary Fanett Whinnery, John Roy Whipple, George Chandler White, David Calvin Whitman, Walter Gordon Whittle, Frank Widnall, Sheila Evans

Wiesner, Jerome Bert Wilbur, John Benson Wilhelm, Richard Herman Williams, Forman Arthur Williams, Glenn Carber Winograd, Shmuel Winsor, Frank Edward Winter, George Wong, Eugene Wooldridge, Dean Everett Worcester, Joseph Ruggles Wulff, John Yariv, Amnon Zalman Ziv, Jacob Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma

Geology and Mineralogy Adams, Frank Dawson Alger, Francis Allen, Clarence Roderic Alvarez, Walter Anderson, Charles Alfred Atwood, Wallace Walter Bagnold, Ralph Alger Barrande, Joachim Barrell, Joseph Barrois, Charles Barton, George Hunt Bateman, Alan Mara Bather, Francis Arthur Beers, Roland Frank Benioff, Victor Hugo Berner, Robert Arbuckle Beyrich, Heinrich Ernst Billings, Marland Pratt Bowen, Norman Levi Brace, William Francis Bradley, Wilmot Hyde Branner, John Casper Broecker, Wallace Smith Brogger, Waldemar Christofer Brooke, Henry James Bruce, Archibald Brush, George Jarvis Bryan, Kirk Buch, Christian Leopold, Freiherr von Bucher, Walter Herman Buckland, William Buddington, Arthur Francis Buerger, Martin Julian

Bullen, Keith Edward Burchfiel, Burrell Clark Byerly, Perry Chamberlin, Thomas Chrowder Clark, William Bullock Clarke, John Mason Cleaveland, Parker Cleland, Herdman Fitzgerald Cloud, Jr., Preston Ercelle Collet, Leon William Cooper, Gustav Arthur Craig, Harmon Bushnell Cramer, Charles Crosby, William Otis Crowell, John Chambers Dalrymple, Gary Brent Daly, Reginald Aldworth Dana, Edward Salisbury Dana, James Dwight Dawson, George Mercer Dawson, John William De la Beche, Henry Thomas DeGolyer, Everette Lee DePaolo, Donald James Des Cloizeaux, Alfred Louis Olivier Legrand Desor, Edouard (Jean Pierrre Edouard) Dunbar, Carl Owen Dunne, Thomas Edwards, R. Lawrence Elie de Beaumont, Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Leonce Emerson, Benjamin Kendall Emery, Kenneth Orris Emmons, Samuel Franklin Engel, Albert Edward John Epstein, Samuel Ernst, Wallace Gary Etter, Charles (Karl Antonovich) Eugster, Hans Peter Ewing, William Maurice Fairbairn, Harold Williams Flint, Richard Foster Ford, William Ebenezer Frondel, Clifford Garrels, Robert Minard Geikie, Archibald Gibbs, George Gibbs, Gerald Verne Gibson, Russell

Gilbert, Grove Karl Gilluly, James Godon, Silvain Goguel, Jean Marc Goldsmith, Julian Royce Goldthwait, James Walter Gould, Stephen Jay Graton, Louis Caryl Gregory, Herbert Ernest Grove, Timothy L. Gutenberg, Beno Hall, James Hamilton, William (17301803) Hart, Stanley Robert Hayes, John Michael Head III, James William Heim, Albert Hermelin, Samuel Gustaf Hewett, Donnel Foster Hilgard, Eugene Woldemar Hitchcock, Edward Hoffman, Paul Felix Holland, Heinrich Dieter Holmes, Arthur Holmes, Francis Simmons Horne, John Hubbert, Marion King Hurlbut, Jr., Cornelius Searle Hurley, Patrick Mason Jackson, Charles Thomas Jackson, Robert Tracy Jaggar, Jr., Thomas Augustus Johnson, Douglas Wilson Johnston, Jr., William Drumm Kamb, W. Barclay (Walter Barclay) Kasting, James Fraser Keith, Arthur (1864-1944) Kemp, James Furman Kieffer, Susan Werner King, Clarence King, Philip Burke Kirschvink, Joseph L. Knopf, Adolph Kohlstedt, David L. Krumbein, William Christian Kuenen, Philip Henry Kummel, Bernhard Lane, Alfred Church Langmuir, Charles H.

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Langway, Jr., Chester Charles Larsen, Jr., Esper Signius Lawson, Andrew Cowper Lay, Thorne LeConte, Joseph Leet, Lewis Don Leighton, Morris Morgan Leith, Charles Kenneth Leopold, Luna Bergere Lesley, J. Peter Levorsen, Arville Irving Lindgren, Waldemar Logan, William Edmond (Sir) Longwell, Chester Ray Loomis, Frederic Brewster Lowenstam, Heinz Adolf Lyell, Charles Marcou, Jules Margerie, Emmanuel Marie Pierre Martin Jacquin de Mather, Kirtley Fletcher Mathews, Edward Bennett McKinstry, Hugh Exton McLaughlin, Donald Hamilton McSween, Jr., Harry Y. Mead, Warren Judson Meek, Fielding Bradford Menard, Henry William Merriam, John Campbell Miller, William Hallowes Miller, William John Molengraaff, Gustaaf Adolph Frederick Moore, Raymond Cecil Morris, Frederick Kuhne Murchison, Roderick Impey Murray, Bruce Churchill Naumann, Karl Friedrich Newberry, John Strong Newell, Norman Dennis Newhouse, Walter Harry Niles, William Harmon Nolan, Thomas Brennan Nordenskiold, Adolf Erik (Friherre) Opdyke, Neil Donald Ordonez, Ezequiel Ostrom, John Harold Palache, Charles Pecora, William Thomas Penfield, Samuel Lewis Perry, John Bulkley

Pettee, William Henry Pettijohn, Francis John Pirsson, Louis Valentine Powell, John Wesley Pumpelly, Raphael Ramsay, Andrew Crombie Raup, David Malcolm Raymond, Percy Edward Revelle, Roger Randall Dougan Rhodes, Frank Harold Trevor Rice, William North Richards, Paul G. Richthofen, Ferdinand Paul Wilhelm, Freiherr von Rodgers, John (1914-2004) Roepper, William Theodore Rogers, Austin Flint Rogers, Henry Darwin Rogers, William Barton Rubey, William Walden Rudnick, Roberta L. Russell, Israel Cook Sandwell, David T. Sayles, Robert Wilcox Schaller, Waldemar Theodore Schuchert, Charles Scott, William Berryman Sedgwick, Adam Selwyn, Alfred Richard Cecil Seybert, Adam Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate Sharp, Robert Phillip Shepard, Charles Upham Shimer, Hervey Woodburn Shoemaker, Eugene Merle Shrock, Robert Rakes Siever, Raymond Silver, Leon Theodore Simpson, George Gaylord Smith, Joseph Victor Sorby, Henry Clifton Stanley, Steven Mitchell Stearns, Charles Edward Stetson, Henry Crosby Stock, Chester Stolper, Edward Manin Studer, Bernhard Swallow, George Clinton Taylor, Frank Bursley Taylor, Jr., Hugh Pettingill

Teschemacher, James Englebert Thompson, Jr., James Burleigh Tilley, Cecil Edgar Trumpy, Rudolf Turekian, Karl Karekin Upham, Warren Van Hise, Charles Richard Vaughan, Thomas Wayland Verhoogen, John Verneuil, Philippe Edouard Poulletier de Vogt, Johan Hermann Lie Walcott, Charles Doolittle Walker, David Warren, Charles Hyde Wasserburg, Gerald Joseph Waters, Aaron Clement Watson, E. Bruce (Edward Bruce) White, David Whitlock, Herbert Percy Whitney, Josiah Dwight Whittington, Harry Blackmore Willis, Bailey Williston, Samuel Wendell Winslow, Arthur Wolff, John Eliot Wolman, Markley Gordon (M. Gordon) Wong, Wen-hao Wood, John Armstead Woodworth, Jay Backus Wright, Frederick Eugene Wyllie, Peter John Yoder, Jr., Hatten Schuyler Zen, E-an Zittel, Karl Alfred Ritter von

Geophysics, Geography, and Other Earth Sciences Abert, John James Ahrens, Thomas Julian Aki, Keiiti Allegre, Claude Jean Alley, Richard B. Anderson, Don Lynn

Bache, Alexander Dallas Banerjee, Subir Kumar Bauer, Louis Agricola Berry, Brian Joe Lobley Birch, Francis (Albert Francis) Blanchard, Raoul Borchert, John Robert Boutelle, Charles Otis Bowman, Isaiah Bullard, Edward Crisp Burton, Alfred Edgar Butzer, Karl Wilhelm Carlson, Richard Walter Cashman, Katharine Venable Clark, William Arthur V. Cox, Allan Verne Dahlen, Jr., Francis Anthony Davidson, George Davis, Charles Henry Davis, William Morris Day, Arthur Louis DeFries, Ruth S. Denevan, William Maxfield Dietrich, William Eric Duperrey, Louis Isidore Dziewonski, Adam Marian Eckart, Carl Henry Emory, William Helmsley Eyries, Jean Baptiste Benoit Forsyth, Donald W. Fremont, John Charles Gilbert, James Freeman Glatzmaier, Gary A. Golledge, Reginald G. Goodchild, Michael F. Goody, Richard Mead Gottmann, Jean Iona Graham, James Duncan Green, Francis Mathews Griggs, David Tressel Guyot, Arnold Henry Hager, Bradford H. Hagerstrand, Torsten Stig Erik Haggett, Peter Hanson, Susan Easton Harris, Chauncy Dennison Harvey, David Heiskanen, Weikko Aleksanteri Hemley, Russell Hess, Harry Hammond Hide, Raymond

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Hilgard, Julius Erasmus Humboldt, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander, Freiherr von Huntington, Ellsworth Jacobsen, Stein Bjornar Jeanloz, Raymond Jeffreys, Harold Jordan, Thomas Hillman Kanamori, Hiroo Kasperson, Roger E. Kater, Henry Kates, Robert William Keilis-Borok, Vladimir Isaakovich Kennedy, George Clayton Kent, Dennis V. Kivelson, Margaret Galland Knopoff, Leon Lal, Devendra Lambeck, Kurt MacDonald, Gordon James Fraser Malkus, Willem Van Rensselaer McNutt, Marcia K. Melosh, H. Jay Mitchell, Henry Morgan, W. Jason Mosley-Thompson, Ellen Munk, Walter Heinrich Nolet, Guust O’Connell, Richard John Olson, Peter Lee Owen, William Fitzwilliam Press, Frank Richter, Frank Morris Ritter, Carl Roberts, Paul H. Romanowicz, Barbara A. Rudnick, Roberta L. Sabine, Edward Sack, Robert David Schubert, Gerald Silver, Paul G. Simpson, Joanne Slichter, Louis Byrne Smyth, William Henry Solomon, Sean Carl Stefansson, Vilhjalmur Sverdrup, Harald Ulrik Swift, William Henry Sykes, Lynn Ray Tuan, Yi-Fu Turcotte, Donald Lawson Turner II, Billie Lee

Uyeda, Seiya Vaida, Veronica Vening Meinesz, Felix Andries Veronis, George Ward, David Washburn, Jr., Bradford (Henry Bradford) Wetherill, George West Wheatley, Paul White, Gilbert Fowler Whitehead, John A. Whiting, Henry Laurens Whittlesey, Derwent Stainthorpe Wilkes, Charles Wilson, John Tuzo Woodward, Robert Simpson Wyrtki, Klaus Zachos, James C. Zuber, Maria T.

History Abbott, Wilbur Cortez Abrahamian, Ervand Adams, Brooks (Peter Chardon Brooks) Adams, George Burton Adams, Henry Adams, John (1875-1964) Ahlstrom, Sydney Eckman Alder, Ken L. Alexander, Paul Julius Allen, Danielle Altamira y Crevea, Rafael Alverny, Marie-Therese d’ Anastos, Milton Vasil Andrews, Charles McLean Appleby, Joyce Oldham Appleby, Robert Scott Appleton, William Sumner Arnold, Samuel Greene Aubert, Marcel Ault, Warren Ortman Axtell, James L. Ayers, Edward Lynn Badian, Ernst Bagnall, Roger Shaler Bailyn, Bernard Bainton, Roland Herbert Baker, Keith Michael Baldwin, John Wesley Bancroft, George Baron, Salo Wittmayer Bartov, Omer

Barzun, Jacques Bassett, John Spencer Baxter, James Phinney Baxter 3d, James Phinney Beard, Winifred Mary Becker, Carl Lotus Belknap, Jeremy Belting, Hans Bemis, Samuel Flagg Bender, Thomas Bergdoll, Barry Berlin, Ira Berry, Mary Elizabeth Berry, Sara Sweezy Bickerman, Elias Joseph Billington, James Hadley Bisson, Thomas Noel Black, Cyril Edwin Blackbourn, David Gordon Blake, Robert Pierpont Blight, David William Bloch, Herbert Blum, Jerome Blum, John Morton Boas (Hall), Marie Bodde, Derk Boone, Elizabeth Hill Boorstin, Daniel Joseph Bouwsma, William James Bowdoin, James (17941833) Bowersock, Glen Warren Boyd, Julian Parks Boyer, Paul Samuel Brady, Jr., Thomas A. Bragdon, Henry Wilkinson Brandt, Allan M. Braudel, Fernand Paul Brenner, Robert Paul Brentano, Robert J. Bridenbaugh, Carl Briggs, Asa (Lord Briggs of Lewes) Brigham, Clarence Saunders Brinkley, Alan David Brinkman, John Anthony Brinton, Clarence Crane Broglie, (Charles) Jacques Victor Albert, Duc de Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon Brown, Frank Edward Brown, Peter Robert Lamont Browne, Janet Elizabeth Browning, Christopher R.

Brucker, Gene Adam Bruzelius, Caroline Astrid Buhler, Curt Ferdinand Bullock, Alan Louis Charles Burns, Ken Butterfield, Herbert Butterfield, Lyman Henry Bynum, Caroline Walker Caldwell, Robert Granville Cam, Helen Maud Capponi, Gino Alesssandro Giuseppe Gaspardo Marchese Carlyle, Thomas Caro, Robert A. Carr, Edward Hallett Carr, Raymond (Albert Raymond Maillard) Catton, Charles Bruce Cerisier, Antoine Marie Chabod, Federico Chadwick, Owen (William Owen) Chafe, William Henry Chakrabarty, Dipesh Chandler, Jr., Alfred Dupont Channing, Edward Perkins Charnwood, Godfrey Rathbone Benson (Baron) Clagett, Marshall Clark, Charles Manning Hope Clark, George Norman Clifford, James Clive, John Leonard Coatsworth, John Henry Cochran, Thomas Childs Cohen, I. Bernard Cohen, Lizabeth Cole, Arthur Harrison Colton, Joel Connor, Walter Robert Conquest, Robert (George Robert Acworth) Cook, Michael Allan Coolidge, Archibald Cary Cooper, Frederick Corner, George Washington Cott, Nancy F. Courtenay, William J. Craig, Gordon Alexander Craven, Wesley Frank Cremin, Lawrence Arthur

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Cronon, William J. Crosby, Alfred Worcester Cumings, Bruce Cunningham, Henry Winchester Curti, Merle Eugene Curtin, Philip DeArmond Dagron, Gilbert Dallek, Robert D’Arms, John Haughton Darnton, Robert Choate Daston, Lorraine Jenifer Davis, Andrew McFarland Davis, David Brion Davis, Natalie Zemon Day, Clive de Grazia, Victoria de Santillana, Giorgio Diaz De Voto, Bernard Augustine de Vries, Jan Degler, Carl Neumann Delitzsch, Friedrich Demos, John Putnam Dennett, Tyler Wilbur Dibner, Bern Dike, Kenneth Onwuka Diman, Jeremiah Lewis Donald, David Herbert Doniger, Wendy Douglas, Ann Douglas, Richard Mateer Dower, John W. Drake, Stillman (Bryant Stillman) Draper, Theodore Dunham, Dows Dunn, Richard Slator Dupree, Anderson Hunter Duus, Peter Dvornik, Francis Edes, Henry Herbert Eisenstein, Elizabeth Lewisohn Eliade, Mircea Eliot, Samuel (1821-1898) Elliott, John Huxtable Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph Embree, Ainslie Thomas Emerson, Edward Waldo Emerton, Ephraim Engelstein, Laura Engerman, Stanley Lewis Fairbank, John King Fairbanks, Arthur Farrand, Max Farriss, Nancy Marguerite

Faust, Drew Gilpin Fay, Sidney Bradshaw Fehrenbacher, Don Edward Feis, Herbert Feldman, Martha Ferguson, William Scott Feuerwerker, Albert Finley, Moses Fischer, David Hackett Fisher, George Park Fisher, Herbert Albert Laurens Fitzpatrick, Sheila Mary Fleischer, Cornell Hugh Fleming, Donald Harhish Foner, Eric Ford, Franklin Lewis Ford, Worthington Chauncey Fowler, Henry Thatcher Francke, Kuno Franklin, John Hope Fredrickson, George M. Freedman, Paul Harris Freeman, Douglas Southall Freidel, Jr., Frank Burt Friedlander, Saul Frye, Richard Nelson Fuller, Sarah A. Fulton, John Farquhar Furet, Francois Gabba, Emilio Gaddis, John Lewis Gaehtgens, Thomas W. Galison, Peter Louis Gardiner, Alan Henderson Gardiner, Samuel Rawson Garin, Eugenio Gay, Peter Jack Gayangos, Pascual de Gelb, Ignace Jay Genovese, Eugene Dominick Gershoy, Leo Geyer, Michael E. Geyl, Pieter Catharinus Arie Gibson, Charles Gilbert, Felix Gillispie, Charles Coulston Gilmore, Myron Piper Ginzburg, Carlo Gluck, Carol Goetzmann, William H. Goldhill, Simon D. Goldstein, Jan E.

Goodenough, Erwin Ramsdell Goodwin, Doris Kearns Gordon, Cyrus Herzl Gordon, Linda Gordon-Reed, Annette Gottschalk, Louis Reichenthal Grabar, Andre Graebner, Norman Arthur Grafton, Anthony Graham, Loren Raymond Grandin, Greg Grant, Edward Grant, Robert McQueen Graubard, Stephen Richards Greene, Evarts Boutell Greene, Jack P. Grimm, Herman Friedrich [elected as Friedrich Hermann] Grmek, Mirko Drazen Gross, Charles Grote, George Gruen, Erich S. Guerlac, Henry Edward Gurney, Ephraim Whitman Gutman, Herbert George Habakkuk, Hrothgar John Hadlock, Wendell Stanwood Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, John Whitney Halperin-Donghi, Tulio Hammond, Mason Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lempriere Hancock, William Keith Handlin, Oscar Hanham, Harold John Harbison, Elmore Harris Haring, Clarence Henry Harootunian, Harry D. Harris, Neil Harris, William V. Hart, Albert Bushnell Haskins, Charles Homer Hay, Denys Hazen, Charles Downer Hedges, James Blaine Heilbron, John Lewis Herlihy, David Joseph Herr, Richard Hesse, Carla A. Hexter, Jack H.

Hiebert, Erwin Nick Higginson, Thomas Wentworth Higham, John Hilberg, Raul Hill, Christopher (John Edward Christopher) Himmelfarb, Gertrude Hine, Darlene Clark Hitchcock, Henry Russell Ho, Ping-ti Hobsbawm, Eric John Ernest Hofstadter, Richard Holborn, Hajo Holifield, E. Brooks Hollinger, David A. Holmes, Frederic Lawrence Holst, Hermann Eduard von Holt, Thomas C. Holton, Gerald James Homma, Nagayo Horton, James Oliver Hoskins, Halford Lancaster Hosmer, James Kendall Howard, Michael Eliot Howe, Daniel Walker Huggins, Nathan Irvin Hughes, Henry Stuart Hughes, Thomas Parke Hull, Isabel Virginia Hunt, Lynn Avery Inalcik, Halil Iriye, Akira Jackson, Kenneth T. James, Henry Jameson, Michael Hamilton Jansen, Marius Berthus Jay, Martin Evan Jennings, Edmund Johnston, Alexander Jones, Christopher Prestige Jones, Jacqueline Jordan, Wilbur Kitchener Jordan, William Chester Judt, Tony Robert Kammen, Michael Gedaliah Kantorowicz, Ernst Hartwig Kaplan, Alice Y. Karpovich, Michael Katz, Friedrich Katz, Jacob Keddie, Nikki R.

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Keightley, David N. Keller, Evelyn Fox Keller, Morton Kelley, Donald R. Kelly, Thomas Forrest Kennedy, David Michael Kennedy, Paul Michael Kerber, Linda Kaufman Kessler-Harris, Alice Kevles, Daniel Jerome Khalidi, Rashid Khoury, Philip S. Kirby, William Kirkland, Edward Chase Kitson Clark, George Sydney Roberts Kitzinger, Ernst Klarman, Michael J. Klein, Martin Jesse Kocka, Jurgen Krautheimer, Richard Krieger, Leonard Kuhn, Philip Alden Kuhn, Thomas Samuel Kuttner, Stephan George LaCapra, Dominick C. Lach, Donald Frederick Ladner, Gerhart Maximilian Augustine Bernard Burian LaFeber, Walter Laiou, Angeliki Evangelos Lamoreaux, Naomi Raboy Landes, David Saul Lane, Frederic Chapin Lang, Mabel Louise Langer, William Leonard Lansing, Ambrose LaPiana, George Laqueur, Thomas Latourette, Kenneth Scott Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel Bernard Lea, Henry Charles Leake, Chauncey Depew Lears, T.J. Jackson Leavitt, Judith Walzer Lecky, William Edward Hartpole Lehmann, Hartmut Leland, Waldo Gifford Lerner, Gerda Leuchtenburg, William Edward Levine, Lawrence William Lewis, Bernard Lewis, David Levering

Lewis, Earl Lindberg, David Charles Lingelbach, William Ezra Link, Arthur Stanley Litwack, Leon Lockhart, James Loehr, Max Johannes Joseph Loewe, Michael Lopez, Robert Sabatino Louis, William Roger Lowell, Edward Jackson Luthy, Herbert Ernst Karl Lyon, Bryce Dale MacCaffrey, Wallace Trevethic MacCormack, Sabine G. MacDonald, William MacDonald, William Lloyd Macedo, Joaquim Jose da Costa de Mack Smith, Denis Macvane, Silas Marcus Maffei, Domenico Mahan, Alfred Thayer Maier, Charles Steven Maier, Pauline Rubbelke Malone, Dumas Mango, Cyril Alexander Mann, Golo Manuel, Frank Edward Marder, Arthur Jacob Martin, Dale Basil Mattingly, Garrett May, Ernest Richard May, Henry Farnham Mayer, Arno Joseph Mazlish, Bruce Mazower, Mark A. McCormick, Michael McCullough, David McFeely, William S. McIlwain, Charles Howard McNeill, William Hardy McPherson, James M. Meinecke, Friedrich Meinig, Donald W. Mendelsohn, Everett Irwin Merivale, Charles Merk, Frederick Merriman, Roger Bigelow Metzger, Walter Paul Middlekauff, Robert Lawrence Mignet, Francois Auguste Marie Alexis

Millar, Fergus Graham Burtholme Miller, Mary Ellen Milman, Henry Hart Mitchell, Stewart Momigliano, Arnaldo Dante Mommsen, Theodor Moody, Robert Earle Morgan, Edmund Sears Morison, Elting Elmore Morison, Samuel Eliot Morris, Richard Brandon Mosse, George Lachmann Motley, John Lothrop Mottahedeh, Roy Parviz Mundy, John Hine Murdoch, John Emery Najita, Tetsuo Namier, Lewis Bernstein Nash, Gary Baring Neale, John Ernest Needham, Joseph (Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery) Nef, John Ulric (18991988) Neugebauer, Otto Eduard Nevins, Allan (Joseph Allan) Niebuhr, Barthold Georg, Freiherr von Niethammer, Lutz Nipperdey, Thomas H. Norton, Mary Beth Numbers, Ronald Leslie Nye, Mary Jo Oakley, Francis Christopher O’Malley, John W. Oppenheimer, Jane Marion Ostrogorsky, Georgije Owen, David Edward Owen, E. Roger Pagels, Elaine Hiesey Painter, Nell Irvin Painter, Sidney Palgrave, Francis Palmer, Robert Roswell Paret, Peter Park, Katharine Parkman, Francis Parry, John Horace Patterson, James Tyler Pattison, Mark Paxton, Robert Owen

Payne, Stanley G. Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan Perdue, Peter C. Perez, Louis A. Perkins, Dexter Perkins, Elliott Peterson, Merrill Daniel Pevsner, Nikolaus Bernhard Leon Pfeiffer, Robert Henry Phillips, Philip Pierson, George Wilson Pingree, David Edwin Pinkney, David Henry Pipes, Richard Pirenne, Henri (Jean Henri Otto Lucien Marie) Plumb, John Harold Pocock, John Greville Agard Pomeranz, Kenneth L. Porter, Roy Porter, Theodore M. Post, Gaines Potter, David Morris Prescott, William Hickling Proctor, Robert N. Prothero, George Walter Pyne, Stephen Joseph Rabinovich, Itamar Rakove, Jack N. Ranke, Leopold von (Franz Leopold von) Read, Conyers Reischauer, Edwin Oldfather Reisner, George Andrew Renouvin, Pierre Eugene Georges Rhodes, James Ford Riasanovsky, Nicholas Valentine Rice, Jr., Eugene Franklin Riley, Stephen Thomas Ritvo, Harriet Robinson, Paul Arnold Roche, Daniel Rodgers, Daniel Roelker, Nancy Lyman Ropes, John Codman Rosenberg, Charles Ernest Rosenkrantz, Barbara Gutmann Rotberg, Robert Irwin Ruiz, Vicki L. Sabean, David Warren

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Sabra, Abdelhamid Ibrahim Saller, Richard Paul Salvemini, Gaetano Sarna, Jonathan Daniel Sarton, George Alfred Leon Savage, James Schama, Simon Michael Schiavone, Aldo Schimmel, Anne-Marie Schlesinger, Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur Meier Schmitt, Bernadotte Everly Scholes, France Vinton Schorske, Carl Emil Schwartz, Benjamin Isadore Schweber, Silvan Samuel Scott, Anne Byrd Firor Scott, Joan Wallach Scott, Rebecca J. Scudder, Horace Elisha Sedgwick, Henry Dwight Seeley, John Robert Setton, Kenneth Meyer Sewell, Jr., William H. Shapin, Steven Sheehan, James John Sherwin, Martin Jay Shipton, Clifford Kenyon Shryock, Richard Harrison Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet Sibley, John Langdon Sigerist, Henry Ernest Silver, James Wesley Sivin, Nathan Skinner, Quentin Robert Duthie Slezkine, Yuri Sloane, William Milligan Slotkin, Richard S. Smith, Lacey Baldwin Smith, Merritt Roe Smith, Morton Smith, Thomas Carlyle Smith, William Stevenson Somerville, Robert Eugene Southern, Richard William Sparks, Jared Spence, Jonathan Dermot Spiegel, Gabrielle M. Spitz, Lewis William Stampp, Kenneth Milton

Stansky, Peter David Lyman Starr, Chester G. Starr, S. Frederick (Stephen Frederick) Stephen, Leslie Stephens, Henry Morse Stern, Fritz Richard Stern, Steve J. Stevens, Rosemary A. Stone, Lawrence Strayer, Joseph Reese Strouse, Jean Struik, Dirk Jan Stubbs, William Subrahmanyam, Sanjay Sugrue, Thomas J. Sumner, John Osborne Sylla, Richard E. Syme, Ronald Tai, Hue-Tam Ho Taylor, Alan John Percivale Taylor, Charles Holt Taylor, Lily Ross Temkin, Owsei Thackray, Arnold Wilfrid Thapar, Romila Thayer, William Roscoe Thiers, Louis Adolph Thomas, Keith Vivian Thomas, Thomas Head Thompson, Edward Palmer Thorkelin, Grimur Jonsson Thrupp, Sylvia Lettice Tierney, Brian Torrey, Henry Warren Toynbee, Arnold Joseph Trachtenberg, Marvin Treadgold, Donald Warren Treggiari, Susan Mary Trevelyan, George Otto Trevelyan, George Macaulay Trevor-Roper, Hugh Redwald Trinkaus, Jr., Charles Edward Truesdell III, Clifford Ambrose Trumbull, James Hammond Tryon, Warren Stenson Tu, Wei-ming Tuchman, Barbara Wertheim Tuck, Richard Francis

Turner, Frederick Jackson Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher Van Der Wee, Herman Frans Anna (Baron) Van Tyne, Claude Halstead Vansina, Jan Maria-JozefEmiel Van Zanten, David Theodore Venturi, Franco Vermeule III, Cornelius Clarkson Vermeule, Emily Dickinson Townsend Vernant, Jean-Pierre Villari, Pasquale von Grunebaum, Gustave Edmund von Staden, Heinrich Vryonis, Jr., Speros Wakeman, Jr., Frederic Evans Walbank, Frank William Walker, Mack Walker, Williston Wang, Gungwu Weber, David J. Weber, Eugen Joseph Webster, Charles Kingsley Wecter, Dixon Wedgwood, Cicely Veronica Wehler, Hans-Ulrich Weinberg, Gerhard Ludwig Weinstein, Barbara Weintraub, Karl Joachim Westfall, Richard Samuel White, Jr., Lynn Townsend White, Richard Wiebe, Robert Huddleston Williams, Philip Maynard Wills, Garry Wilson, Arthur McCandless Wilson, John Albert Winichakul, Thongchai Winlock, Herbert Eustis Winship, George Parker Winsor, Justin Winter, Irene J. Wise, M. Norton (Matthew Norton) Wittkower, Rudolf J. Wolfe, Bertram David Wolff, Lawrence Wolff, Robert Lee

Wood, Gordon Stewart Woodward, Comer Vann Woolf, Harry Worster, Donald E. Wright, Arthur Frederick Wright, Gordon Justin Wrigley, Edward Anthony Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim Zagorin, Perez

Law and Jurisprudence Abella, Rosalie Silberman Abraham, Kenneth S. Abrahamson, Shirley Schlanger Abram, Morris Berthold Abrams, Floyd Ackerman, Bruce Arnold Adams, Arlin Marvin Adams, Thomas Boylston (1772-1832) Aldrich, Bailey Allen, Francis Alfred Allen, William Thomas Amar, Akhil Reed Amato, Giuliano Ames, James Barr Amsterdam, Anthony Guy Anderson, Dillon Anderson, George Weston Anderson, Philip S. Anzilotti, Dionisio Areeda, Phillip Elias Atkin, James Richard (Right Honorable Lord) Auerbach, Carl Abraham Austin, James Trecothick Ayres, Ian Badinter, Robert Baird, Douglas Gordon Baker, J. H. (John Hamilton) Baker, James A. Balch, Thomas Willing Baldwin, Simeon Eben Balkin, Jack M. Barak, Aharon Bartlett, Willard Bates, Henry Moore Bator, Paul Michael Baxter, Richard Reeve Bazelon, David Lionel Beale, Jr., Joseph Henry Bebchuk, Lucian Arye

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Belin, Gaspard d’Andelot Bell, Stoughton Bemis, George Bennett, Edmund Hatch Berg, Paal Olav Berle, Jr., Adolf Augustus Berman, Harold J. Bevis, Howard Landis Bhagwati, P. N. (Prafullachandra Natwarlal) Bickel, Alexander Mordecai Biddle, Francis Beverley Bigelow, George Tyler Bigelow, Harry Augustus Bigelow, Melville Madison Bikle, Henry Wolf Binney, Horace Bittker, Boris Irving Black, Barbara Aronstein Black, Jr., Charles Lund Blake, George Blasi, Vincent A. Blum, Walter J. Bluntschli, Johann Caspar Bobbitt, Philip Chase Bok, Derek Curtis Bollinger, Lee Carroll Bolster, Wilfred Borchard, Edwin Montefiore Bork, Robert Heron Boudin, Michael Bowie, Robert Richardson Boyden, Roland William Bradbury, Theophilus Bradley, Charles Smith Branch, Claude Raymond Breitel, Charles David Brennan, Jr., William Joseph Brest, Paul A. Brewster, Jr., Kingman Breyer, Stephen Gerald Briggs, Herbert Whittaker Brilmayer, Roberta Lea Brown, Ernest Joseph Brown, Robert Minge Brudney, Victor Brunner, Heinrich Bryce, James Buckland, William Warwick Bundy, Harvey Hollister Burr, Francis Hardon Buxbaum, Richard M.

Cabot, Frederick Pickering Cabranes, Jose Alberto Cabraser, Elizabeth J. Cairns, Huntington Calabresi, Guido Cardozo, Benjamin Nathan Carrington, Paul DeWitt Carter, James Coolidge Carter, Stephen Lisle Cary, William Lucius Casper, Gerhard Cavers, David Farquhar Chafee, Jr., Zechariah Chamberlain, Joseph Perkins Chaskalson, Arthur Chayes, Abram Chipman, Daniel Choate, Joseph Hodges Choate, Rufus Choper, Jesse Herbert Christopher, Warren Clark, Grenville Clark, Ramsey Clark, Robert Charles Clifford, Charles Warren Clifford, John Henry Coblentz, William K. Coffee, Jr., John Collins Coffin, Frank Morey Cohen, Jerome Alan Coleman, Jr., William Thaddeus Collier, Abram Thurlow Cooley, Thomas McIntyre Coolidge, Charles Allerton (1894-1987) Cooper, John Cobb Cooter, Robert D. Cornish, John M. Cornish, Leslie Colby Cover, Robert Melvin Cowen, Zelman Cox, Archibald Cramton, Roger Conant Cranch, William Currie, David Park Curtis, Benjamin Robbins Curtis, Charles Pelham Cushing, Nathan Cushing, William Cutler, Lloyd Norton Cutler, Robert Cutter, Richard Ammi Dahl, Frantz Dale, Harvey P. Dam, Kenneth W.

Damaska, Mirjan Radovan Dana, Francis Dana, Richard Henry (1815-1882) Dana, Richard Henry (1851-1931) Dando, Shigemitsu Daniels, Ronald J. Daube, David David, Rene Davis, Charles Thornton Davis, John Davis, Kenneth Culp Dawes, Thomas (17571825) Dawson, John Philip Days III, Drew Saunders Dean, Arthur Hobson DeCourcy, Charles Ambrose del Vecchio, Giorgio Dellinger, Walter E. Denny, Henry Gardner Devlin, Patrick Arthur (Baron) Diamond, Shari Seidman Dicey, Albert Venn Dickinson, John Dixon, Owen Djuvara, Mircea Dodge, Frederic Dodge, Robert Gray Donohue III, John J. Dorsen, Norman Drinan, S.J., Robert Frederick Duguit, Leon Dunbar, William Harrison Duponceau, Peter Stephen Dworkin, Ronald Myles Easterbrook, Frank Hoover Eaton, Frederick McCurdy Edelman, Marian Wright Edley, Jr., Christopher F. Edwards, Harry Thomas Ehrlich, Thomas Eisenberg, Melvin Aron Eisenberg, Theodore Elias, Taslim Olawale Eliot, Thomas Hopkinson Ellickson, Robert Chester Ely, John Hart Epstein, Lee Epstein, Richard A. Eskridge, Jr., William Nichol

Evershed, Francis Raymond (Baron) Fairman, Charles Fallon, Jr., Richard H. Farber, Daniel A. Farley, John Wells Field, Fred Tarbell Field, Richard Hinckley Finletter, Thomas Knight Fish, Frederick Perry Fisher, Roger Dummer Fiss, Owen Mitchell Fletcher, George Philip Flom, Joseph Harold Force, Manning Ferguson Fosdick, Raymond Blaine Franck, Thomas Martin Frankfurter, Felix Fremont-Smith, Marion R. Freund, Paul Abraham Frickey, Philip Paul Fried, Charles Friedman, Lawrence M. Friedmann, Wolfgang Gaston Friendly, Henry Jacob Frier, Bruce Woodward Fulbright, James William Fuld, Stanley Howells Fuller, Lon Luvois Fuller, Melville Weston Furness, Horace Howard Gage, Thomas Hovey Gaither, James Castle Galanter, Marc S. Gardner, Richard Newton Garrison, Lloyd Kirkham Gates, Sr., William H. Gellhorn, Walter Geny, Francois George, Ronald Marc Gilmore, Grant Gilson, Ronald J. Ginsburg, Ruth Bader Glendon, Mary Ann Glueck, Sheldon Goldberg, Arthur Joseph Goldsmith III, Jack Landman Goldstein, Abraham Samuel Goldstein, Joseph Goldstone, Richard J. Goodell, Jr., Abner Cheney Goodhart, Arthur Lehman Goodrich, Herbert Funk Gordley, James Russell

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Gower, Laurence Cecil Bartlett Graetz, Michael J. Grant, Robert Gray, Horace (1828-1902) Gray, John Chipman (1839-1915) Gray, Morris Green, Nicholas Saint-John Greenawalt, Kent (Robert Kent) Greenbaum, Edward Samuel Greenberg, Jack M. Greene, Wilfrid Arthur Grey, Thomas C. Grimm, Dieter Grinnell, Frank Washburn Griswold, Erwin Nathaniel Gunther, Gerald Haar, Charles Monroe Hall, John Loomer Hall, Livingston Hall, Walter Perley Hammond, John Wilkes Hand, Augustus Noble Hand, Learned (Billings Learned) Handler, Joel F. Hanify, Edward Benno Hansmann, Henry Harlan, John Marshall Harno, Albert James Harper, Conrad Kenneth Hart, Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hastie, William Henry Hawley, Joseph Hayes, John Lord Hazard, Jr., Geoffrey Cornell Hazard, John Newbold Hearn, William Edward Hector, Louis Julius Heineman, Jr., Benjamin Walter Helmholz, Richard H. Hemenway, Alfred Henkin, Louis Hensler, Deborah R. Heyman, Ira Michael Higginbotham, Jr., A. Leon (Aloysius Leon) Higgins, Rosalyn Hillard, George Stillman Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, Samuel

Holdsworth, William Searle Holmes, Nathaniel Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1841-1935) Horowitz, Donald Leonard Horsky, Charles Antone Horwitz, Morton J. Hovenkamp, Herbert Howe, Mark DeWolfe Howe, Samuel Howe, William Wirt Hudson, John Elbridge Hudson, Manley Ottmer Hufstedler, Shirley Mount Hughes, Charles Evans Hurst, James Willard Isaacs, Nathan Issacharoff, Samuel Jackson, Charles Jaffe, Louis Leventhal James, Eldon Revare Jay, John Jeffries, Jr., John Calvin Jenney, Charles Francis Jessup, Philip Caryl Johnson, Elmer William Johnson, Melvin Maynard Jones, Harry Willmer Jordan, Jr., Vernon Eulion Julliot de la Morandiere, Leon Kadish, Sanford Harold Kagan, Elena Kagan, Robert Allen Kahan, Marcel Kalven, Jr., Harry Kamisar, Yale Kaplan, Benjamin Kaplan, Helene Lois Kaplan, John Kaplan, Mark N. Kaplow, Louis Karlan, Pamela Susan Karst, Kenneth Leslie Katz, Milton Katzenbach, Nicholas DeBelleville Katzmann, Robert Allen Kay, Herma Hill Kaye, Judith Smith Kearse, Amalya Lyle Keeton, Robert Ernest Kelman, Mark Gregory Kelsen, Hans Kenealy, William James Kennedy, Duncan McLean

Kennedy, Randall L. Kessler, Friedrich Ketchum, Phillips Klarman, Michael J. Knowlton, Marcus Perrin Koh, Harold Hongju Kohlberg, Jr., Jerome Konvitz, Milton Ridbaz Kramer, Larry D. Krane, Howard G. Kronman, Anthony Townsend Kurland, Philip B. Landes, William M. Landis, James McCauley Langbein, John Harriss Langdell, Christopher Columbus Law, Sylvia Ann Lawton, Frederick Laycock, Douglas Lempert, Richard Owen Lessig, Lawrence Lester, Anthony P. (Lord Lester of Herne Hill QC) Leverett, George Vasmer Levi, David Frank Levi, Edward Hirsch Levin, A. Leo Levinson, Daryl Levinson, Sanford V. Levmore, Saul Liebman, Lance Malcolm Linde, Hans Arthur Linowitz, Sol Myron Lipson, Leon Samuel Lipton, Martin Lord, Arthur Lord, Daniel Loring, Charles Greely (1794-1867) Loring, William Caleb Loss, Louis Lowell, Francis Cabot (1855-1911) Lowell, James Arnold Lowell, John (1743-1802) Lowell, John (1769-1840) Lowell, John (1824-1897) Lumbard, Jr., Joseph Edward Lummus, Henry Tilton Macaulay, Stewart MacKinnon, Catharine Alice Macmillan, Hugh Pattison (Right Honorable Lord)

Macneil, Ian R. Macneil, Sayre Magruder, Calvert Mahoney, Paul G. Mahoney, Maureen E. Mahony, Thomas Harrison Maine, Henry James Sumner Maitland, Frederic William Makarewicz, Julius (Juliusz/Juljusz) Mandela, Nelson Manning, Bayless Andrew Marbury, William Luke Marshall, John Marshall, Margaret Hilary Mashaw, Jerry Louis Matthews, Nathan Maunier, Rene McCall, Samuel Walker McCloy, John Jay McConnell, Michael William McDougal, Myres Smith Medina, Harold Raymond Meltzer, Bernard David Meltzer, Daniel J. Mentschikoff, Soia Meron, Theodor Merrill, Thomas Wendell Meserve, Richard Andrew Meserve, Robert William Michelman, Frank Isaac Mikva, Abner J. Miller, Geoffrey P. Millstein, Ira Martin Minot, George Richards (1758-1802) Minow, Martha Louise Minow, Newton Norman Mishkin, Paul J. Mitchell, William (18321900) Mitchell, William DeWitt Mittermaier, Karl Joseph Anton Mnookin, Robert Harris Monaghan, Henry Paul Moore, John Bassett Morgan, Jr., Edmund Morris Morris, John Humphrey Carlile Morris, Norval Ramsden Morton, James Madison Morton, Jr., James Madison

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Murphy, Walter Francis Nagel, Robert Forder Nathanson, Nathaniel Louis Neal, Phil Caldwell Neier, Aryeh Neuborne, Burt Neuman, Gerald L. Noonan, Jr., John Thomas O’Brian, John Lord O’Connor, Sandra Day O’Regan, Catherine (Kate) M.E. Paine, Elijah Paine, Henry Warren Paine, Robert Treat (18031885) Parker, Herbert Parker, Isaac Parker, Joel Parker, Philip Stanley Parkman, Jr., Henry Parsons, Theophilus (17501813) Parsons, Theophilus (17971882) Patterson, Robert Porter Pepper, George Wharton Perkins, Thomas Nelson Perley, Ira (Fritz) Pestel, Frederik Willem Peters, Ellen Ash Phelps, Edward John Phillips, Willard Pickering, John (17371805) Pickering, Octavius Pildes, Richard H. Pitofsky, Robert Plimpton, Francis Taylor Pearson Pollak, Louis Heilprin Pollock, Frederick Posner, Eric Posner, Richard Allen Post, Robert Charles Pound, Roscoe Powell, Jr., Lewis Franklin Powell, Thomas Reed Prest, William Morton Putnam, Samuel Qua, Stanley Elroy Radin, Margaret Jane Radzinowicz, Leon Ramo, Roberta Cooper Ranney, George Raz, Joseph

Reardon, Paul Cashman Redlich, Joseph Regan, Donald H. Rehnquist, William Hubbs Reid, John Phillip Resnik, Judith Revesz, Richard L. Rheinstein, Max Rhode, Deborah L. Richardson, Elliot Lee Riesenfeld, Stefan Albrecht Robbins, Edward Hutchinson Roberts, Jr., John Glover Roberts, Odin Roe, Mark J. Romano, Roberta Root, Elihu Rose, Carol Marguerite Rosenberg, Maurice Rosenthal, Albert Joseph Rostow, Eugene Victor Fredrik Rubin, Alvin Benjamin Rugg, Arthur Prentice Russell of Killowen, Charles (Baron) Sacks, Albert Martin Sandalow, Terrance Sanderson, George Augustus Sargeant, Nathaniel Peaslee Sax, Joseph Lawrence Sayre, Francis Bowes Scalia, Antonin Schachter, Oscar Schaefer, Walter Vincent Schauer, Frederick Franklin Scheiber, Harry N. Schill, Michael H. Schwartz, Alan Schwarz, Jr., Frederick A.O. Sclopis di Salerano, Paolo Federigo (Count) Scott, Austin Wakeman Scott, Francis Reginald Scott, James Brown Scott, Robert E. Seidman, Louis Michael Selznick, Philip Sewall, David Sewall, Samuel Shapiro, Irving Saul Shavell, Steven M. Shaw, Lemuel

Sheldon, Henry Newton Shiffrin, Seana Valentine Siegel, Reva Beth Simpson, Alfred William Brian Simpson, Sidney Post Slaughter, Anne-Marie Smith, Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Jeremiah Smith, Thomas Broun Snyder, Aaron Cecil Sohn, Louis Bruno Sonsini, Lawrence W. Souter, David Sovern, Michael Ira Spalding, John Varnum Sprague, John Stammler, Rudolf Stearns, Asahel Stephen, James Fitzjames Stevens, John Paul Stewart, Richard Burleson Stimson, Frederic Jesup Stone, Geoffrey Richard Stone, Harlan Fiske Storey, Moorfield Story, Joseph Strauss, David A. Strauss, Peter L. Stuntz, William J. Sullivan, Kathleen Marie Sumner, Increase Sundberg, Jacob Wilhelm Sunstein, Cass R. Surrey, Stanley Sterling Sutherland, Arthur Eugene Swan, Thomas Walter Taft, William Howard Takayanagi, Kenzo Taylor, Telford Thacher, Peter Oxenbridge Thayer, Ezra Ripley Thayer, James Bradley Thomas, Benjamin Franklin Thomas, Joshua Thorne, Samuel Edmund Thurston, Edward Sampson Traynor, Michael (John Michael) Traynor, Roger John Trebilcock, Michael Tribe, Laurence Henry Trumbull, John (17501831) Tunc, Andre Robert

Tushnet, Mark Victor Tweed, Harrison Twining, William Lawrence Tyng, Dudley Atkins Unger, Roberto Mangabeira Van Alstyne, William W. Vermuele, Adrian Vining, Joseph (George Joseph) von Mehren, Arthur Taylor Vorenberg, James Wait, William Cushing Wald, Patricia McGowan Waldron, Jeremy James Wambaugh, Eugene Warren, Bentley Wirt Warren, Earl Warren, Edward Henry Warren, Elizabeth Warren, Joseph Warren, Winslow Washburn, Emory Waxman, Seth Paul Wechsler, Herbert Weiler, Joseph H. H. Weinrib, Ernest Weinstein, Jack Bertrand Weisbach, David A. Wellington, Harry Hillel White, Daniel Appleton White, G. Edward (George Edward) White, James Boyd Whitman, Edmund Allen Whittemore, Arthur Easterbrook Wickersham, George Woodward Wilde, Samuel Sumner Wilkins, David Brian Wilkins, Raymond Sanger Wilkinson III, James Harvie Williams, Glanville Llewelyn Williston, Samuel Wilson, George Grafton Winter, Jr., Ralph Karl Wirtz, William Willard Wisdom, John Minor Wood, Diane Pamela Woodbury, Peter Wright, Charles Alan

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Wright, Robert Alderson (Right Honorable Lord) Wu, John Ching Hsiung Wyzanski, Jr., Charles Edward Yarmolinsky, Adam Yeazell, Stephen Campbell Young, Benjamin Loring Zeisel, Hans Zimring, Franklin Ester

Literary Scholarship and Criticism and Language Aaron, Daniel Aarsleff, Hans Abrams, Meyer Howard Ackroyd, Peter Adams, Ebenezer Adams, Robert Martin Adorno, Rolena Allen, Don Cameron Allinson, Francis Greenleaf Alonso, Amado Alpers, Paul Joel Alter, Robert Bernard Altieri, Charles Francis Anderson, Stephen Robert Anderson-Imbert, Enrique Andrew, Dudley Armstrong, Edward Cooke Arnold, William Rosenzweig Asin y Palacios, Miguel Atkins, Stuart Pratt Atkinson, Justin Brooks Atkinson, William Parsons Austerlitz, Robert Paul Babbitt, Irving Bailey, David Roy Shackleton Baldensperger, Fernand (Philippe-Jules-Fernand) Barish, Jonas Alexander Barkan, Leonard Barolini, Teodolinda Baron, Hans Bate, Walter Jackson Bates, Arlo Bates, William Nickerson Beck, Charles Bedier, Joseph

Beer, Gillian Patricia Beeson, Charles Henry Bekker, Immanuel (August Immanuel) Benfey, Christopher Benichou, Paul Bennett, Jack Arthur Walter Benson, Larry Dean Bentley, Eric Bentley, Gerald Eades Bercovitch, Sacvan Berger, Harry Bernstein, Charles Bernstein, Michael Andre Bersani, Leo Bevington, David Binchy, Daniel Anthony Birnbaum, Henrik Maximilian Birkerts, Sven P. Bischoff, Bernhard Bishop, Morris Gilbert Blackall, Eric Albert Blackmur, Richard Palmer Bloch, Bernard Bloch, R. Howard Bloom, Harold Bloomfield, Maurice Bloomfield, Morton Wilfred Blume, Bernhard Walter Blumstein, Sheila Ellen Bocher, Ferdinand Boeckh, August Boissier, Marie Louis Gaston Bolinger, Dwight LeMerton Bonner, Campbell Bonner, Robert Johnson Boodberg, Peter Alexis Booth, Wayne Clayson Bopp, Franz Borgese, Giuseppe Antonio Borroff, Marie Bowers, Fredson Thayer Boyle, Leonard Eugene Branca, Vittore Felice Brandes, Georg Morris Cohen Braudy, Leo Bree, Germaine Bresnan, Joan W. Briggs, LeBaron Russell Brodhead, Richard H. Brombert, Victor Henri

Bromwich, David Bronson, Bertrand Harris Brooks, Cleanth Brooks, Peter Preston Brooks, Van Wyck Brower, Reuben Arthur Brown, Carleton Brown, Herbert Ross Bruneau, Jean Louis Brunetiere, Ferdinand Bruns, Gerald L. Buck, Carl Darling Buckley, Jerome Hamilton Buell, Lawrence Buitenen, Johannes Adrian Bernard van Burchfield, Robert William Burke, Kenneth Duva Burkert, Walter Burlingame, Eugene Watson Bush, John Nash Douglas Butcher, Samuel Henry Butler, Marilyn Speers Bywater, Ingram Cabot, James Elliot Cameron, Alan D. Cameron, Sharon Campbell, Jr., Oscar James Capps, Edward Cardona, George Carre, Jean-Marie Cassidy, Frederic Gomes Castro, Americo Catalan, Diego MenendezPidal Caws, Mary Ann Cecil, David (Lord) Chalmers, Gordon Keith Chambers, L. Ross Channing, Edward Tyrrel Chao, Yuen Ren Chapman, Henry Leland Cherniss, Harold Fredrik Child, Francis James Chinard, Gilbert Chomsky, Avram Noam Clark, Walter Eugene Clausen, Wendell Vernon Clover, Carol J. Coffman, George Raleigh Cohen, Ralph Cohn, Dorrit Colacurcio, Michael J. Compagnon, Antoine Marcel Conway, Robert Seymour

Copeland, Charles Townsend Corngold, Stanley A. Costello, Bonnie Court de Gebelin, Antoine Cowgill, Warren Crawford Crane, Ronald Salmon Crawford, James Pyle Wickersham Crews, Frederick Campbell Croll, Morris William Cross, Jr., Frank Moore Cross, Samuel Hazzard Culicover, Peter W. Culler, Arthur Dwight Culler, Jonathan Dwight Curran, Stuart Curtius, George Cutler, Elbridge Jefferson Daleski, Hillel Matthew Damon, Samuel Foster Damrosch, Leo Davie, Donald Alfred Davis, Herbert John Dayan, Colin de Bary, William Theodore de Man, Paul Adolph Michel de Romilly, Jacqueline Delbanco, Andrew Dembowski, Peter Florian Demetz, Peter Derrida, Jacques Diakonov, Igor Mikhailovich Dieckmann, Herbert Diels, Hermann Alexander Dihle, Albrecht Gottfried Ferdinand Dodds, Eric Robertson Donaldson, Ethelbert Talbot Donoghue, Denis Doran, Madeleine Kathryn Dover, Kenneth James Dowty, David Roach Doyle, Henry Grattan Dunn, Charles William Early, Gerald Lyn Edel, Joseph Leon Edgerton, Franklin Ehrenpreis, Irvin Elder, John Petersen Elisseeff, Serge Elliott, Robert Carl Ellmann, Richard David Else, Gerald Frank

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Emeneau, Murray Barnson Empson, William Engell, James Ernst, Carl William Evans, D. Ellis Evans, Gwynne Blakemore Fagles, Robert Fanger, Donald Lee Farley, Frank Edgar Fay, Charles Ernest Felman, Shoshana Felstiner, John Felton, Cornelius Conway Ferguson, Charles Albert Ferguson, Frances Ferguson, Robert A. Fergusson, Francis Ferry, Anne Festugiere, Andre-Jean Fillmore, Charles John Finley, Jr., John Huston Fish, Stanley Eugene Fisher, Philip Fitts, Dudley Fitzgerald, Robert Stuart Fleming, John V. Foley, Helene Peet Ford, George Harry Ford, Jeremiah Denis Mathias Frank, Joseph Frank, Tenney Frisbie, Levi Fromkin, Victoria Alexandra Frye, Herman Northrop Frye, Roland Mushat Fumaroli, Marc Furness, Jr., Horace Howard Furnivall, Frederick James Gallagher, Catherine (M. Catherine) Gamkrelidze, Thomas Valerianovich Gardner, Helen Louise Gates, Jr., Henry Louis Geddes, Jr., James Geldner, Karl Friedrich Giamatti, Angelo Bartlett Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gilbert, Sandra M. Gildersleeve, Basil Lanneau Gilman, Stephen Girard, Rene Noel Goldhill, Simon D.

Goldin, Judah Goldman, Robert Phillip Goldsmith, John A. Gonda, Jan Gonzalez Echevarria, Roberto Goodwin, William Watson Grandgent, Charles Hall Gray, Louis Herbert Greenberg, Moshe Greenblatt, Stephen Jay Greene, Thomas McLernon Greene, William Chase Greenfield, Jonas Carl Greenough, Chester Noyes Greenough, James Bradstreet Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Grossman, Edith M. Guerard, Albert Joseph Guillen, Claudio Gulick, Charles Burton Gumbrecht, Hans Ulrich Gummere, Francis Barton Gummere, Richard Mott Guterbock, Hans Gustav Guy, Henri Haas, Mary Rosamond Hack, Roy Kenneth Hadley, James Hagstrum, Jean Howard Hale, Kenneth Locke Halle, Morris Hamp, Eric Pratt Hanan, Patrick Dewes Harbage, Alfred Bennett Hardison, Jr., Osborne Bennett Harmon, Austin Morris Harris, Zellig Sabbettai Harrison, Robert Pogue Harshav, Benjamin Hart, James David Hartman, Geoffrey H. Hatfield, Henry Caraway Haugen, Einar Ingvald Havelock, Eric Alfred Havens, Raymond Dexter Hawkins, Richmond Laurin Hazard, Paul Heidel, William Arthur Heilbrun, Carolyn Gold (aka Cross, Amanda) Heim, Michael Henry Heller, Erich

Helman, Edith Fishtine Henderson, Jeffrey Hendrickson, George Lincoln Henrichs, Albert Maximinus Hibbett, Howard Scott Hightower, James Robert Hills, Elijah Clarence Hirsch, Jr., Eric Donald Hockett, Charles Francis Hoenigswald, Henry Max Hofmann, Michael Hohendahl, Peter Uwe Hollander, Jr., Robert B. Hollier, Denis Holman, Clarence Hugh Hopkins, Edward Washburn Houghton, Walter Edwards Householder, Jr., Fred Walter Howard, Albert Andrew Howard, Leon Howard, William Guild Howe, Irving Hughes, Merritt Yerkes Humboldt, Karl Wilhelm, Freiherr von Hunter, George Kirkpatrick Hutcheon, Linda Ann Hynes, Samuel Hyvernat, Eugene Xavier Louis Henri Ingalls, Daniel Henry Holmes Insler, Stanley Irwin, John T. Iser, Wolfgang Ivanov, Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivic, Pavle Jackendoff, Ray Saul Jackson, Carl Newell Jackson, Henry (18391921) Jacobi, Hermann Georg Jacobsen, Thorkild Peter Rudolph Jaeger, Werner Wilhelm Jagemann, Hans Carl Gunther von Jakobson, Roman Jameson, Fredric R.

Janko, Richard Charles Murray Jasanoff, Jay H. Jewett, James Richard Jones, Howard Mumford Joseph, Brian Daniel Jowett, Benjamin Jusserand, Jean Adrien Antoine Jules Kahane, Henry Kane, George Joseph Kaplan, Alice Y. Kazin, Alfred Keeley, Edmund Leroy Keenan, Edward L. Keene, Donald Lawrence Kelleher, John Vincent Kendrick, Asahel Clark Keniston, Ralph Hayward Kennedy, George Alexander Kenner, Hugh Kent, Roland Grubb Kerby-Miller, Wilma Anderson Kermode, John Frank Kingsley, James Luce Kirchhoff, Johann Wilhelm Adolf Kittredge, George Lyman Klausner, Joseph Knapp, Steven Knechtges, David R. Knights, Lionel Charles Knox, Bernard McGregor Walker Koenen, Ludwig Kolve, V. A. Konstan, J. David Kretschmer, Paul Krieger, Murray Kristeva, Julia Kronenberger, Louis Kurath, Hans Kuroda, Sige-Yuki Kurylowicz, Jerzy Labov, William David Ladefoged, Peter Nielsen Lamson, Roy Lancaster, Henry Carrington Lane, George Martin Lane, George Sherman Lang, Henry Roseman Langley, Ernest Felix Lanman, Charles Rockwell Lassen, Christian

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Lattimore, Richmond Alexander Leavis, Frank Raymond Lee, Hermione Lehiste, Ilse Lejeune, Michel Leslau, Wolf Levi, Sylvain Levin, Harry Tuchman Lewalski, Barbara Kiefer Lewis, Tayler Lewis, Wilmarth Sheldon Lida, Raimundo Likhachev, Dmitrii Sergeevich Lindenberger, Herbert S. Linforth, Ivan Mortimer Lipking, Lawrence Lloyd-Jones, Hugh (Peter Hugh Jefferd) Locke, William Nash Long, Anthony Arthur Lord, Albert Bates Lounsbury, Thomas Raynesford Lowe, Elias Avery Lowes, John Livingston Lumiansky, Robert Mayer Lyon, David Gordon MacCana, Proinsias Macdonell, Arthur Anthony Mack, Maynard Magoun, Jr., Francis Peabody Malkiel, Yakov Manley, Lawrence G. Marcus, Steven Marichal, Juan Martz, Louis Lohr Marx, Leo Matthews, Albert Matthews, William Richard May, Georges Claude Mayrhofer, Manfred Mazon, Paul Mazzotta, Giuseppe E. McCarthy, John J. McCawley, James David McClellan, Edwin McGann, Jerome John Meillet, Antoine (Paul Jules Antoine) Menand, Louis Mendelshon, Daniel Menendez Pidal, Ramon

Meritt, Benjamin Dean Miles, Josephine Louise Miller, Joseph Hillis Miller, Perry Gilbert Eddy Moore, Clifford Herschel Moran, William Lambert More, Paul Elmer Moretti, Franco Morgan, Morris Hicky Morot-Sir, Edouard Barthelemy Morpurgo Davies, Anna Elbina Morrison, Theodore Morson, Gary Saul Most, Glenn W. Moulton, William Gamwell Muller, Herbert Joseph Muller, Max (Friedrich Max) Munro, Hugh Andrew Johnstone Murdock, Kenneth Ballard Murray, Gilbert (George Gilbert Aime) Murray, James Augustus Henry Murrin, Michael Muscatine, Charles Mynors, Roger Aubrey Baskerville Nagy, Gregory Napier, Arthur Sampson Nash, Bennett Hubbard Navarro Tomas, Tomas Neilson, William Allan Newman, Barbara Jane Nicolson, Marjorie Hope Nitze, William Albert North, Helen Florence North, Michael A. Norton, Elliot Noyes, George Rapall (1873-1952) Oertel, Hanns Oldfather, William Abbott Olney, James Ong, Walter Jackson Orgel, Stephen Kitay Osborn, James Marshall Ostwald, Martin Otis, Brooks Owen, Stephen Paducheva, Elena V. Page, Curtis Hidden Page, Denys Lionel

Paris, Gaston Bruno Paulin Parker, Charles Pomeroy Parry, Milman Partee, Barbara Hall Patch, Howard Rollin Patterson, Annabel M. Paulson, Ronald Howard Pavel, Thomas Pearce, Roy Harvey Pearsall, Derek Albert Pease, Arthur Stanley Peers, Edgar Allison Percival, Walter Keith Perez-Firmat, Gustavo Francisco Perkins, David Dodd Perloff, Marjorie Gabrielle Perrin, Bernadotte Peyre, Henri Maurice Phelps, William Lyon Pickering, John (17771846) Pierrehumbert, Janet Breckenridge Pike, Kenneth Lee Poggioli, Renato Poirier, Richard Poirion, Daniel Pope, John Collins Popkin, John Snelling Posnock, Ross Pottle, Frederick Albert Poulet, Georges Praz, Mario Prescott, Henry Washington Price, Martin Pritchard, William H. Pritsak, Omeljan Pullum, Geoffrey Keith Putnam, Michael Courtney Jenkins Quint, David Louis Quirk, Charles Randolph (Baron) Rabate, Jean-Michel Rahv, Philip Ramanujan, A. K. (Attipat Krishnaswami) Rampersad, Arnold Rand, Edward Kennard Rawidowicz, Simon Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke Rawson, Claude Julien Ray, Gordon Norton Redford, Bruce

Reiner, Erica Ricks, Christopher Bruce Riffaterre, Michael Ritschl, Friedrich Wilhelm Roach, Joseph Robinson, Fred Norris Robinson, Fred Colson Rollins, Hyder Edward Root, Robert Kilburn Rosenmeyer, Thomas Gustav Rosenthal, Franz Roskies, David G. Ryskamp, Charles Andrew Sag, Ivan A. Said, Edward William Salisbury, Edward Elbridge Sanders, Henry Arthur Santirocco, Matthew S. Saussy, Caleb Powell Haun Scarry, Elaine Schevill, Rudolph Schneider, Heinrich Scholes, Robert Scholte, Jan Hendrik Schone, Albrecht Schor, Naomi Schorer, Mark Schuchard, W. Ronald Schucking, Levin Ludwig Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky Segal, Charles Paul Seidensticker, Edward George Senelick, Laurence Philip Sevcenko, Ihor Sewall, Richard Benson Sewall, Stephen Seymour, Thomas Day Seznec, Jean-Joseph Shackleton, Robert Shapiro, James S. Shattuck, Roger Whitney Sheldon, Edward Stevens Shell, Marc Sherburn, George Wiley Shuger, Debora Kuller Sieburth, Richard Silverman, Kenneth Eugene Silverstein, Michael Simpson, Jr., Claude Mitchell Simpson, Lewis P. Singleton, Charles Southward Sitney, P. Adams

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Smith, Barbara Herrnstein Smith, Hallett Darius Smith, Henry Nash Smith, Horatio Elwin Smyth, Herbert Weir Sokel, Walter Herbert Sollors, Werner Solmsen, Friedrich Rudolf Heinrich Sommerfelt, Alf Axelsson Sophocles, Evangelinus Apostolides Spacks, Patricia Meyer Starck, Taylor Starobinski, Jean Isaac Steiner, George Stewart, Garrett Stewart, Zeph Stillinger, Jack Clifford Stock, Brian Charles Alexander Stokoe, William Clarence Striedter, Jurij Sturtevant, Edgar Howard Summers, Joseph Holmes Sundquist, Eric John Sweeney, John Lincoln Tatlock, John Strong Perry Taylor, Archer Thiersch, Friedrich Wilhelm Thomas, Frederick William Thomson, William Thorpe, James Ticknor, George Tillotson, Geoffrey Todorov, Tzvetan Torrey, Charles Cutler Toy, Crawford Howell Trachtenberg, Alan Trilling, Lionel Tucker, Herbert E. Tucker, Herbert F. Tuve, Rosemond Twaddell, William Freeman Twersky, Isadore Ullman, Berthold Louis Van Hook, La Rue Vendler, Helen Hennessy Vickers, Brian William Vietor, Karl Voegelin, Charles Frederick von Hallberg, Robert Wachtel, Andrew Baruch

Waith, Eugene Mersereau Walpole, Ronald Noel Ward, Aileen Wasserman, Earl Reeves Watkins, Calvert Ward Watt, Ian Pierre Weber, Samuel Miles Webster, Noah Weinberg, Bernard Weinhold, Karl Wellbery, David E. Wellek, Rene Wendell, Barrett Weston, George Benson Whatmough, Joshua Whicher, George Frisbie White, Elwyn Brooks White, Hayden White, Helen Constance White, John Williams Whitman, Cedric Hubbell Whitney, William Dwight Wilkins, Ernest Hatch Willard, Sidney Wimsatt, Jr., William Kurtz Wineapple, Brenda Witzel, Michael (E. J. Michael) Wolfson, Harry Austryn Wood, Michael Woodring, Carl Ray Worcester, Joseph Emerson Worrell, William Hoyt Wright, Charles Henry Conrad Wright, John Henry Wright, Louis Booker Wylie, Laurence William Yates, Frances Amelia Yeazell, Ruth Bernard Young, Karl Yu, Anthony C. Yu, Pauline Ruth Zeitlin, Froma I. Zgusta, Ladislav Ziff, Larzer Zink, Michel Ziolkowski, Jan M. Ziolkowski, Theodore Joseph Zwicky, Jr., Arnold Melchior

Literature (Creative Writing) Abe, Kobo Abish, Walter Achebe, Chinua Ackroyd, Peter Albee, Edward Franklin Alder, Ken L. Alfred, William Amichai, Yehuda Ammons, Archie Randolph Appelfeld, Aharon Arnold, Matthew Ashbery, John Lawrence Asimov, Isaac Atwood, Margaret Auchincloss, Louis Stanton Auster, Paul Bacon, Leonard Banks, Russell Banville, John Barth, John Simmons Beattie, Ann Beckett, Samuel Behrman, Samuel Nathaniel Bellow, Saul Benet, Stephen Vincent Berryman, John Beston, Henry Bidart, Frank Birkerts, Sven P. Bishop, Elizabeth Boll, Heinrich Theodor Bonnefoy, Yves Borges, Jorge Luis Brodsky, Joseph Alexandrovich Bryant, William Cullen Busch, Frederick Matthew Calasso, Roberto Calisher, Hortense Camus, Albert Carey, Peter Carson, Anne Cather, Willa Chabon, Michael Cheever, John Ciardi, John Anthony Claudel, Paul Louis Charles Marie Clifton, Lucille Thelma Coetzee, John M.

Coffin, Robert Peter Tristram Cohen, Leonard Norman Cole, Henri Coover, Robert Cowley, Malcolm Creeley, Robert Cunningham, Michael Davenport, Guy Davis, Lydia Davison, Peter Hubert DeLillo, Don Di Piero, W. S. (William Simone) Dickey III, James Lafayette Didion, Joan Doctorow, E. L. (Edgar Lawrence) Dorfman, Ariel Dos Passos, John Dove, Rita F. Drabble, Margaret Eberhart, Richard Ghormley Edmonds, Walter Dumaux Eliot, Thomas Stearns Ellison, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ralph Waldo Erdrich, Louise Erskine, John Ferry, David Russell Fo, Dario Foote, Horton Forbes, Esther (Mrs. A.L. Hoskins) Ford, Richard Forster, Edward Morgan Frayn, Michael Frisch, Max Rudolf Frost, Robert Lee Fuentes, Carlos Gaddis, William Galsworthy, John Gass, William Howard Ginsberg, Allen Ginzburg, Natalia Gluck, Louise Elisabeth Goldsmith, Barbara Goldstein, Rebecca Gordimer, Nadine Graham, Jorie Grass, Gunter Gray, Francine du Plessix Griffiths, Paul Anthony Grossman, Allen Richard Guare, John Guillen, Jorge

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Gunn, Thomson William Gurganus, Allan Hadas, Rachel Chamberlayne Hall, Donald Hamburger, Philip Paul Hampl, Patricia Hardwick, Elizabeth Hardy, Thomas Hare, David Harper, Michael S. Hass, Robert Hawkes, John Hazzard, Shirley Heaney, Seamus Justin Hecht, Anthony Evan Hellman, Lillian Herbert, Zbigniew Watson Hersey, John Hijuelos, Oscar Hill, Geoffrey William Hillyer, Robert Silliman Hoagland, Edward Hollander, John Holmes, John Albert Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1809-1894) Horgan, Paul George Vincent O’Shaughnessy Howard, Maureen Howard, Richard Joseph Howe, Susan Hughes, James Langston Huntington, Archer Milton Ionesco, Eugene Irving, Washington Ishiguro, Kazuo Jen, Gish Jin, Xuefei (Ha) Johnson, Charles Richard Johnson, Diane Lain Jones, Edward P. Just, Ward Swift Kaplan, Justin Keillor, Garrison Keneally, Thomas Michael Kennedy, John Pendleton Kennedy, William Joseph Kincaid, Jamaica Kingston, Maxine Hong Kinnell, Galway Kinsella, Thomas Kipling, Rudyard Koch, Kenneth Krutch, Joseph Wood Kundera, Milan

Kushner, Tony La Farge, Oliver Hazard Perry Larkin, Philip Arthur Laughlin, James Leger, Alexis Saint-Leger (Marie-Rene Auguste Alexis Saint-Leger) (pseudonym Saint-John Perse) Levine, Philip Linney, Romulus Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Longley, Michael Lopate, Phillip Lowell, James Russell Lurie, Alison MacLeish, Archibald Mahfouz, Naguib Mailer, Norman Malamud, Bernard Mallon, Thomas Malraux, Andre Mann, Thomas Matthiessen, Peter McCarthy, Cormac McCarthy, Mary McClatchy, J. D. McCord, David Thompson McEwan, Ian Russell McHugh, Heather McKibben, Bill McPherson, James Allen Merrill, James Ingram Merwin, William Stanley Miller, Arthur Millhauser, Steven Milosz, Czeslaw Momaday, Navarre Scott Moore, Lorrie (Marie Lorena) Moore, Marianne Craig Moravia, Alberto Morris, Wright Morrison, Toni (Chloe Anthony) Mukherjee, Bharati Muldoon, Paul Munro, Alice Murdoch, Jean Iris Murray, Albert L. Naipaul, V. S. (Vidiadhar Surajprasad) Nash, Ogden (Frederick Ogden) Nemerov, Howard Stanley

Neruda, Pablo Nishiwaki, Junzaburo Nunez, Sigrid Oates, Joyce Carol O’Brien, Tim Oe, Kenzaburo O’Faolain, Sean Olds, Sharon Origo, Iris Margaret Cutting Oz, Amos Ozick, Cynthia Page, Thomas Nelson Paley, Grace Pamuk, Orhan Parsons, Thomas William Paz, Octavio Percy, Walker Phillips, Carl Pier, Arthur Stanwood Pinkney, Jerry Pinsky, Robert Neal Pinter, Harold Plumly, Stanley Powers, J. F. (James Farl) Powers, Richard Price, Reynolds Pritchett, Victor Sawdon Prose, Francine Quasimodo, Salvatore Ransom, John Crowe Rich, Adrienne Robinson, Edwin Arlington Robinson, Marilynne Roth, Philip Sacks, Oliver Wolf Sahgal, Nayantara Salter, James Sanders, Scott Russell Sante, Luc Marie Sarton, May Scammell, Michael Schnackenberg, Gjertrud Cecelia Schwartz, Lynne Sharon Scott, Joanna Seferiades, Giorgos Stylianou (pseudonym George Seferis) Segal, Lore Shanley, John Patrick Shapiro, Alan Shapiro, Karl Jay Shawn, Wallace Shepard, Sam Silko, Leslie Marmon

Silone, Ignazio Simic, Charles Simon, Claude Singer, Isaac Bashevis Slotkin, Richard S. Smiley, Jane Graves Snodgrass, W. D. (William Dewitt) Snow, Charles Percy Snyder, Gary Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Isaevich Sontag, Susan Soyinka, Wole Spender, Stephen Harold Spiegelman, Art Stallings, Alicia Elsbeth Stedman, Edmund Clarence Stegner, Wallace Earle Stern, Gerald Stern, Richard Gustave Stewart, Susan Stone, Robert Anthony Stoppard, Tom Strand, Mark Styron, Jr., William Clark Szymborska, Wislawa Tate, Allen (John Orley Allen) Taylor, Peter Matthew Hillsman Tennyson, Alfred Tomlinson, Charles Torres Bodet, Jaime Trevor, William Trilling, Diana Rubin Trumbull, John (17501831) Tyler, Anne Updike, John Hoyer Valenzuela, Luisa Van Duyn Thurston, Mona Jane Vargas Llosa, J. Mario Pedro Vogel, Paula A. Voigt, Ellen Bryant Vonnegut, Kurt Waldrop, Rosmarie Walker, Alice Tallulah Kate Warren, Robert Penn Warren, Rosanna Welty, Eudora Weschler, Lawrence Michael

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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West, Rebecca (pseudonym Cicily Fairfield Andrews) White, Edmund Whittemore II, Edward Reed (aka Reed Whittemore) Whittier, John Greenleaf Wideman, John Edgar Wiesel, Elie Wilbur, Richard Purdy Williams, C. K. (Charles Kenneth) Williams, Tennessee Wilson, August Wineapple, Brenda Winters, Arthur Yvor Winters, Janet Lewis (aka Janet Lewis) Wister, Owen Wolff, Tobias Woodberry, George Edward Wright, C. D. Wright, Jr., Charles Penzel Wright, Jay Yourcenar, Marguerite Zagajewski, Adam

Mathematics and Statistics Adams, Clarence Raymond Adams, John Couch Adler, Roy L. Adrain, Robert Albert, Abraham Adrian Aldous, David Alembert, Jean le Rond d’ Anderson, Henry James Anderson, Theodore Wilbur Andrews, George E. Anselin, Luc E. Archibald, Raymond Clare Arnold, Vladimir Igorevich Arthur, James Grieg Artin, Emil Artin, Michael Aschbacher, Michael George Askey, Richard Allen Atiyah, Michael Francis Aumann, Robert John Auslander, Maurice Avery, Charles

Babbage, Charles Bahadur, Raghu Raj Baouendi, M. Salah Barenblatt, Grigory Isaakovich Barlow, Peter Barnes, John Landes Bartlett, William Holmes Chambers Bartlett, William Pitt Greenwood Bass, Hyman Batchelor, George Keith Beilinson, Alexander A. Bellman, Richard Ernest Bennett, Albert Arnold Berger, Bonnie Berger, Marsha J. Bergman, Stefan Berlekamp, Elwyn Bers, Lipman Bertozzi, Andrea Louise Beurling, Arne Karl August Bickel, Peter John Billingsley, Patrick Paul Bing, R. H. Birkhoff, Garrett Birkhoff, George David Birman, Joan S. Lyttle Bishop, Errett A. Blackwell, David Harold Bliss, Gilbert Ames Bloch, Spencer Janney Bocher, Maxime Bogolubov, Nikolai Nikolaevich Bombieri, Enrico Borcherds, Richard Ewen Borel, Armand Boruch, Robert F. Bott, Raoul Boutet de Monvel, Louis Bouton, Charles Leonard Bowley, Arthur Lyon Box, George Edward Pelham Brauer, Richard Dagobert Breiman, Leo Brezis, Haïm Brillinger, David Ross Brioschi, Francesco Browder, Felix Earl Browder, William Brown, Jr., Edgar Henry Brown, Ernest William Bryant, Robert L. Buchsbaum, David Alvin

Burkholder, Donald Lyman Byerly, William Elwood Caffarelli, Luis Angel Caflisch, Russel E. Cajori, Florian Calderon, Alberto Pedro Carleson, Lennart Axel Edvard Cartan, Henri Paul Catlin, Marcus Cauchy, Augustin Louis (Baron) Cayley, Arthur Chang, Sun-Yung Alice Chasles, Michel Chauvenet, William Cheeger, Jeff Chern, Shiing Shen Chernoff, Herman Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne Chorin, Alexandre Joel Christ, F. Michael Christodoulou, Demetrios Church, Alonzo Cochran, William Gemmell Coffin, John Huntington Crane Cohen, Paul Joseph Coifman, Ronald Raphael Colburn, Warren Colding, Tobias Cole, Julian David Colin de Verdiere, Yves Collins, Eduard Albert Christoph Ludwig (“Sir Edward”) Connes, Alain Constantin, Peter S. Conway, John Horton Coolidge, Julian Lowell Courtenay, Edward Henry Cox, David Roxbee Coxeter, Harold Scott MacDonald Cramer, Harald Crandall, Michael G. Cremona, Luigi (Antonio Luigi Gaudienzo Giuseppe) Crighton, David George Dafermos, Constantine Michael Dantzig, George Bernard Daubechies, Ingrid Chantal David, Guy R. P.

Davies, Charles Davis, Stephen Howard Day, Jeremiah de Boor, Carl-Wilhelm Reinhold Dean, James Deift, Percy A. Deligne, Pierre Dempster, Arthur P. Denjoy, Arnaud DeVore, Ronald A. Diaconis, Persi Dickson, Leonard Eugene Dijkstra, Edsger Wybe Dobrushin, Roland Lvovich Donoho, David L. Doob, Joseph Leo Douglas, Jesse Drinfeld, Vladimir Duffin, Richard James Durrett, Richard T. Dvoretzky, Aryeh Dynkin, Eugene B. Efron, Bradley Eilenberg, Samuel Eisenbud, David Elliott, Ezekiel Brown Erdos, Paul Eskin, Alex Euler, Leonhard Evans, Griffith Conrad Evans, Lawrence Craig Farrar, John Federer, Herbert Feferman, Solomon Fefferman, Charles Louis Fefferman, Robert A. Feit, Walter Feller, William Fienberg, Stephen Elliott Fisher, Ronald Aymler Fleming, Wendell Helms Franklin, Fabian Franklin, Philip Freedman, David Amiel Freedman, Michael Hartley Friedlander, Eric Mark Friedman, Avner Friedman, Jerome H. Friedrichs, Kurt Otto Fulton, William Furstenberg, Hillel Fuss, Nicolaus von Garabedian, Paul Roesel Garding, Lars Gauss, Carl Friedrich

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Gehring, Frederick William Geiringer, Hilda Gelfand, Israel Moiseyevich Gill, Charles Gleason, Andrew Mattei Glimm, James Gilbert Godel, Kurt Friedrich Goldfeld, Dorian Goldstein, Sydney Goldstine, Herman Heine Golubitsky, Martin Gomory, Ralph Edward Good, Irving John Gorenstein, Daniel Gottlieb, David Graham, Fan Chung Graham, Ronald Lewis Graustein, William Caspar Green, Mark Lee Greenspan, Harvey Philip Grenander, Ulf Griess, Jr., Robert L. Griffiths, Phillip Augustus Gromov, Mikhael Gross, Benedict Hyman Gross, Leonard Grothendieck, Alexander Guckenheimer, John Guillemin, Victor William Hadamard, Jacques Salomon Hall, Frederick Hall, Jr., Marshall Hamilton, Richard Hamilton, William Rowan Hansen, Morris Howard Hardy, Godfrey Harold Harris, Joseph D. Heins, Maurice Haskell Helgason, Sigurdur Herman, Richard H. Hermite, Charles Hill, Thomas Hille, Einar Hironaka, Heisuke Hirzebruch, Friedrich Ernst Peter Hitchcock, Frank Lauren Hochschild, Gerhard Paul Hochster, Melvin Hodge, William Vallance Douglas Hoeffding, Wassily Hoffman, Alan Jerome Holmes, Philip John

Hopf, Heinz Hopkins, Michael J. Hormander, Lars Hou, Thomas Yizhao Householder, Alston Scott Howard, Louis Norberg Howe, Roger Evans Hrushovski, Ehud Hsiang, Wu-chung Huber, Peter Jerome Huntington, Edward Vermilye Hurewicz, Witold Hutton, Charles Iwaniec, Henryk Iwasawa, Kenkichi Jackson, Dunham Jacobi, Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobson, Nathan Jerison, David Johnstone, Iain M. Jones, Peter Wilcox Jones, Vaughan Frederick Randal Jordan, Michael I. Kac, Mark Kac, Victor Kadane, Joseph B. Kakutani, Shizuo Kalman, Rudolf Emil Kaplansky, Irving Karlin, Samuel Kato, Kazuya Katok, Anatole Katz, Nicholas M. Kazhdan, David Keldysh, Mstislav Vsevoldovich Keller, Herbert Bishop Keller, Joseph Bishop Kellogg, Oliver Dimon Kemeny, John George Kenig, Carlos E. Kesten, Harry Kiefer, Jack Carl Klainerman, Sergiu Klawe, Maria Klee, Victor L. Kleene, Stephen Cole Klein, Christian Felix Kleitman, Daniel J. Kodaira, Kunihiko Kohn, Joseph John Kolchin, Ellis Robert Kolmogorov, Andrei Nikolayevich Kopell, Nancy Jane

Kostant, Bertram Kottwitz, Robert E. Krein, Mark Grigorievich Kreiss, Heinz Otto Kruskal, Martin David Kruskal, William Henry Krylov, Nicolai Vladimirovich Kurtz, Thomas G. Ladyzhenskaya, Olga Alexandrovna Langer, Rudolph Ernest Langlands, Robert Phelan Lawler, Gregory Francis Lax, Peter David Lazarsfeld, Robert K. Le Cam, Lucien Marie Legendre, Adrien Marie Lehmann, Erich Leo Lenstra, Jr., Hendrik Willem Leray, Jean Levi-Civita, Tullio Levinson, Norman Lewy, Hans Li, Peter Wai-Kwong Liggett, Thomas M. Light, Richard Jay Lighthill, Michael James Lin, Chia-Chiao Lin, Fang-Hua Lions, Jacques Louis Liouville, Joseph Lipka, Joseph Little, Roderick Joseph Alexander Loomis, Lynn Harold Lubbock, John William (Baronet) Lubotzky, Alexander Ludwig, Donald Lusztig, George Mackey, George Whitelaw MacLane, Saunders MacPherson, Robert Duncan Majda, Andrew J. Malliavin, Paul Georges Mandelbrot, Benoit Baruch Manin, Yuri I. Margulis, Grigorii Alexandrovich Marsden, Jerrold E. Martin, Donald Anthony Martin, William Ted Massey, William Schumacher

Matsusaka, Teruhisa Mazur, Barry Charles McClintock, Emory McCullagh, Peter McDuff, Dusa (Margaret Dusa) McKean, Jr., Henry Pratt McLaughlin, David W. McMullen, Curtis Tracy Meier, Paul Melrose, Richard Burt Meyer, Yves Francois Miles, John Wilder Miller, George Abram Milne, Edward Arthur Milnor, John Willard Moise, Edwin Evariste Montgomery, Deane Moore, Calvin Cooper Moore, Clarence Lemuel Elisha Moore, Derek William Moore, Eliakim Hastings Moore, Gregory Winthrop Morawetz, Cathleen Synge Mori, Shigefumi Morley, Frank Morrey, Jr., Charles Bradfield Morse, Marston (Harold Marston) Moser, Jurgen Kurt Moses, Lincoln Ellsworth Mosteller, Frederick (Charles Frederick) Mostow, George Daniel Mrowka, Tomasz Stanislaw Mumford, David Bryant Nash, Jr., John Forbes Nelson, Edward Newman, Charles M. Newton, Hubert Anson Neyman, Jerzy Ngô, Bảo Châu Nirenberg, Louis Nulty, Eugenius Oliver, James Edward Ore, Oystein Ornstein, Donald Samuel Osgood, William Fogg Osher, Stanley J. Ostrogradsky, Mikhail Vasilievich (Michel) Papanicolaou, George Pearce, Edward Pearson, Karl Peirce, Benjamin

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Peirce, Benjamin Osgood Peirce, James Mills Perelson, Alan S. Perlis, Alan Jay Peskin, Charles Samuel Peterson, Franklin Paul Phillips, Henry Bayard Phillips, Ralph Saul Picard, Charles Emile Pike, Nicholas Poincare, Jules Henri Poisson, Simeon Denis Polya, George Poncelet, Jean Victor Poonen, Bjorn Mikhail Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques Rabin, Michael Oser Rabinowitz, Paul H. Raftery, Adrian E. Rao, Calyampudi Radakrishna Rapoport, Anatol Ratner, Marina Raudenbush, Stephen W. Reissner, Eric (Max Erich) Ribet, Kenneth A. Richardson, Roland George Dwight Rivlin, Ronald Samuel Robbins, Herbert Ellis Robinson, Abraham Robinson, Julia Bowman Rosser, John Barkley Rota, Gian-Carlo Roth, Klaus Friedrich Rothschild, Linda Preiss Rubin, Donald Bruce Rudin, Mary Ellen Ruelle, David Pierre Runkle, John Daniel Rutledge, George Saari, Donald Gene Saffman, Philip Geoffrey Salem, Raphael Saloff-Coste, Laurent Sarnak, Peter Clive Schiffer, Menahem Max Schmid, Wilfried Schmidt, Wolfgang M. Schoen, Richard Melvin Schutzenberger, MarcelPaul Schwartz, Jacob Theodore Scott, Dana Stewart Seaver, Edwin Pliny Segal, Irving Ezra

Selberg, Atle Serre, Jean-Pierre Serrin, James Burton Shafarevich, Igor R. Shahidi, Freydoon Shapley, Lloyd Stowell Shatah, Jalal Shelah, Saharon Shepp, Lawrence Alan Sherwin, Thomas Shor, Peter Williston Siegel, Carl Ludwig Siegmund, David Oliver Simon, Barry Simon, Leon Melvyn Simons, James Harris Singer, Isadore Manuel Sipser, Michael Siu, Yum-Tong Skorokhod, Anatoli Vladimirovich Slepian, David Smale, Stephen Smyth, William Snyder, Virgil Solovay, Robert Martin Spencer, Donald Clayton Spencer, Thomas Stanley, Richard Peter Stark, Harold Mead Stein, Elias Menachem Sternberg, Schlomo Zvi Stigler, Stephen Mack Stoker, James Johnston Stone, Marshall Harvey Story, William Edward Strang, William Gilbert Strogatz, Steven H. Strong, Theodore Stroock, Daniel Wyler Struik, Dirk Jan Sullivan, Dennis Parnell Suslin, Andrei Alexandrovich Sylvester, James Joseph Szego, Gabor Taber, Henry Tamarkin, Jacob David Tao, Terence Tarjan, Robert Endre Tarski, Alfred Tate, Jr., John Torrence Taub, Abraham Haskel Taubes, Clifford Henry Taylor, Jean Ellen Taylor, Michael E. Taylor, Richard Lawrence

Thom, Rene Frederic Thompson, Elizabeth Alison Thompson, John Griggs Thurston, William Paul Tian, Gang Tits, Jacques Leon Toomre, Alar Tracy, Craig A. Truesdell III, Clifford Ambrose Tucker, Albert William Tukey, John Wilder Tyler, Harry Walter Uhlenbeck, Karen Keskulla Uhlmann, Gunther Ulam, Stanislaw Marcin Vallee-Poussin, Charles Jean Gustave Nicolas de la Varadhan, Srinivasa Rangaiyengar Veblen, Oswald Vergne, Michele Francoise Vinberg, Ernest Borisovich Vishik, Mark I. Vogan, David Alexander von Neumann, John Wachter, Kenneth Wilcox Wahba, Grace Wallach, Nolan R. Walsh, Joseph Leonard Waterman, Michael Spencer Weierstrass, Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weinberger, Hans Felix Weinstein, Alan David Weiss, Benjamin Wermer, John Weyl, Hermann (Claus Hugo Hermann) Whitehead, Alfred North Whitehead, George William Whitham, Gerald Beresford Widder, David Vernon Widom, Harold Wiener, Norbert Wigderson, Avi Wiles, Andrew J. Wilkinson, James Hardy Wilks, Samuel Stanley Williams, Ruth J. Wilson, Edwin Bidwell

Wold, Herman Ole Andraeas Wolfowitz, Jacob Woodin, W. Hugh Woods, Frederick Shenstone Wright, Margaret Hagen Yau, Horng-Tzer Yau, Shing-Tung Yosida, Kosaku Young, Lai-Sang Zariski, Oscar Zelen, Marvin Zelmanov, Efim Zhang, Shou-Wu Zimmer, Robert J. Zippin, Leo Zworski, Maciej Rafal Zygmund, Antoni

Medicine and Health Abbas, Abul K. Abbot, Samuel Leonard Abboud, Francois M. Adams, Raymond DeLacy Adhya, Sankar Adler, Nancy E. Aiken, Linda Harman Al-Awqati, Qais Albright, Fuller Alexander, Benjamin Allbutt, Thomas Clifford Allen, Arthur Wilburn Allison, Nathaniel Alt, Frederick Wayne Amory, Robert Andral, Gabriel Appleton, Nathaniel Walker Aronson, Peter S. Aub, Joseph Charles Augustine, Donald Leslie Ausiello, Dennis A. Austen, Karl Frank Austen, W. Gerald (William Gerald) Avery, Mary Ellen Ayer, James Bourne Bainton, Dorothy Ford Balch, Franklin Greene Bancroft, Edward Barker, Benjamin Fordyce Barker, Clyde Frederick Barlow, Thomas

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Barondess, Jeremiah Abraham Barr, Joseph Seaton Bartlett, Elisha Bartlett, Josiah Bauer, Walter Baumgartner, Leona Baylies, William Beecher, Henry Knowles Beeson, Paul Bruce Behring, Emil Adolph von Bell, Graeme I. Bell, Luther Vose Benatar, Solomon R. Bennett, Jr., Ivan Loveridge Bennett, Joe Claude Benz, Jr., Edward John Berry, George Packer Beutler, Ernest Bibring, Grete Lehner Bigelow, George Hoyt Bigelow, Henry Jacob Billings, John Shaw Bing, Peter Stephen Binger, Carl Alfred Lanning Biorck, Gunnar Carl Wilhelm Blackfan, Kenneth Daniel Blake, Clarence John Blake, Francis Gilman Blalock, Alfred Bloomfield, Clara Derber Bluestone, Jeffrey Allen Blumberg, Baruch Samuel Blumer, George Blumgart, Herrman Ludwig Bock, Arlie Vernon Bond, Douglas Danford Bowditch, Henry Ingersoll Bowlby, Edward John Mostyn Bowman, William Braceland, Francis James Bradford, Edward Hickling Bradford, Gamaliel Bradley, Stanley Edward Braunwald, Eugene Bremer, Frederic Gaston Nicolas Brenner, Barry Morton Brinkhous, Kenneth Merle Brodie, Benjamin Collins Brosin, Henry Walter Brues, Austin Moore Brunton, Thomas Lauder

Bunn, Howard Franklin Burnett, Charles Hoyt Burwell, Charles Sidney Bush, Ian Elcock Butler, Allan Macy Cabot, Arthur Tracy Cabot, Richard Clarke Cahill, Jr., George Francis Campbell, Charles Macfie Campbell, Kevin Peter Carrel, Alexis Carson, Dennis Anthony Castellani, Aldo Castle, William Bosworth Castleman, Benjamin Celli, Angelo Cerami, Anthony Chalmers, Thomas Clark Channing, Walter Chapin, Charles Value Chapman, Carleton Burke Cheever, David Williams Cheever, David Chen, Lincoln Chih-ho Childs, Barton Chobanian, Aram V. Choppin, Purnell Whittington Christian, Henry Asbury Churchill, Edward Delos Clark, Dean Alexander Clark, William Irving Clarke, Edward Hammond Clements, John Allen Cogan, David Glendenning Cole, Rufus Coles, Robert (Martin Robert) Coller, Barry Spencer Comer, James Pierpont Coolidge, Algernon Cooper, Max Dale Cope, Oliver Corvol, Pierre Cory, Suzanne Cotting, Benjamin Eddy Cotzias, George Constantin Councilman, William Thomas Cournand, Andre Frederic Cushing, Harvey Williams Cutler, Elliott Carr DaCosta, Jacob Mendez Daley, George Q. Dameshek, William Danforth, Samuel

Dang, Chi Van Daughaday, William Hamilton David, John Rouben Davidson, Charles Sprecher Davis, Karen Debas, Haile Tesfaye Debre, Robert DeLong, Mahlon Robert Denny-Brown, Derek Ernest Derby, George Desmond-Hellmann, Susan Deterling, Jr., Ralph Alden Deutsch, Helene Rosenbach DeWitt, Benjamin Dexter, Lewis Diamond, Louis Klein Dingle, John Holmes Dirks, John Herbert Dock, William Doering, Carl Rupp Dole, Vincent Paul Doll, Richard (William Richard Shaboe) Donahoe, Patricia Kilroy Dorfman, Albert Dragstedt, Lester Reynold Drake, Daniel Drake, Michael Vincent Draper, Frank Winthrop Drown, Solomon Druker , Brian Jay DuBois, Eugene Floyd Duke, Robin Chandler Duke-Elder, Stewart (William Stewart) Dunphy, John Englebert Durkee, Silas Earls, Felton James Ebaugh, Jr., Franklin Gessford Ebert, Robert Higgins Edes, Robert Thaxter Edsall, David Linn Edsall, Geoffrey Eisenberg, Leon Ellis, Calvin Epstein, Charles Joseph Epstein, Jonathan A. Ewalt, Jack Richard Fagin, Claire Mintzer Falconer, William Fanconi, Guido

Farber, Sidney Farmer, Paul Edward Farnsworth, Dana Lyda Fauci, Anthony Stephen Faulkner, James Morison Feinberg, Andrew Paul Fernald, Walter Elmore Feron, Jean (John) Finch, Clement Alfred Fine, Jacob Fineberg, Harvey Vernon Finland, Maxwell Fins, Joseph J. Fisher, Joshua Fishman, Alfred Paul Fishman, Mark Charles Fiske, Oliver Fitz, Reginald Heber Fitz, Reginald Fitzpatrick, Thomas Bernard Flexner, Simon Florey, Howard Walter Folkman, Moses Judah Folsom, Charles Follen Foster, Daniel Willett Foster, Jr., Henry Wendell Francis, Jr., Thomas Fraumeni, Jr., Joseph Francis Fredrickson, Donald Sharp Freedman, Daniel Xander Frei III, Emil Frenk, Julio Furth, Jacob Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton Gale, Benjamin Gamble, James Lawder Garland, Joseph Geschwind, Norman Gesell, Arnold Lucius Gibbon, Jr., John Heysham Gigli, Irma Gilman, Sid Gimbrone, Jr., Michael Anthony Ginsburg, David Glaser, Robert Joy Glimcher, Laurie Hollis Glimcher, Melvin Jacob Goldstein, Joseph Leonard Goodale, Joseph Lincoln Gorgas, William Crawford Gotto, Jr., Antonio Marion Greene, Harry Sylvestre Nutting Greenough, Robert Battey

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Groopman, Jerome Gross, Robert Edward Grossman, Morton Irvin Gruman, Jessie Grumbach, Melvin Malcolm Guttmacher, Alan Frank Haber, Daniel Arie Haber, Edgar Haddow, Alexander Hale, Enoch Halliburton, John Halsted, William Stewart Ham, Thomas Hale Hamburg, David Alan Hammond, William Alexander Harrison, John Hartwell Harrison, Ross Granville Harrison, Tinsley Randolph Harvey, Abner McGehee Hauser, Stephen L. Havel, Richard Joseph Hay, Gustavus Haygarth, John Hayman, Jr., Joseph Marchant Hays, Isaac Hays, Isaac Minis Hayward, George Hench, Philip Showalter Henderson, Donald Ainslie Hertig, Arthur Tremain Hiatt, Howard Haym Higginbotham, Eve J. High, Katherine Ann Himsworth, Harold Percival Ho, David D. Hobbs, Helen Haskell Hodges, Richard Manning Hogness, John Rusten Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1809-1894) Holyoke, Edward Augustus Homans, John Home, Everard (Baronet) Hooker, Sanford Burton Hooper, Robert William Hopkins, Donald Roswell Horsley, Victor Alexander Haden Horwood, Murray Philip Hosack, David Hosmer, Alfred Howard, John Clarke

Howe, Percy Rogers Hubbard, Jr., William Neill Huber, Edward Godfrey Huggins, Charles Brenton Hume, Edgar Erskine Hunt, Ebenezer Hunter, Donald Hunter, Thomas Harrison Ingelfinger, Franz Joseph Ingraham, Franc Douglas Isselbacher, Kurt Julius Jacks, Tyler E. Jackson, Henry (18581940) Jackson, Jr., Henry Jackson, James Jackson, John Barnard Swett Jacobi, Abraham Jacobson, Leon Orris Jain, Rakesh K. Jameson, J. Larry (James Larry) Janeway, Charles Alderson Jarvis, Charles Jarvis, Edward Jenner, Edward Jones, Chester Morse Jones, Robert Joslin, Elliott Proctor Kan, Yuet Wai Kaplan, Henry Seymour Karnovsky, Morris John Kass, Edward Harold Kassirer, Jerome Paul Kaushansky, Kenneth Keating, Mark Taylor Keefer, Chester Scott Keen, William Williams Kelley, William Nimmons Kieff, Elliott Dan Kim, Jim Yong King, Jr., Talmadge Everett Kipnis, David Morris Kirschstein, Ruth Lillian Klebanoff, Seymour Joseph Kleinman, Arthur Michael Kneeland, Jr., Samuel Knight, Frederick Irving Knowles, John Hilton Knudson, Alfred George Koop, Charles Everett Kornfeld, Stuart Arthur Korsmeyer, Stanley J. Krane, Stephen Martin Krugman, Saul

Kubie, Lawrence Schlesinger Lacy, Paul Eston Langmuir, Alexander Duncan Lawrence, William (17831867) Lazar, Mitchell Avery Leadbetter, Wyland Fenway Leaf, Alexander Leavell, Hugh Rodman Lee, Philip Randolph Lee, Roger Irving Lefkowitz, Robert Joseph Leiden, Jeffrey Marc Lejeune, Jerome Jean Louis Marie Lerner, Aaron Bunsen Lettsom, John Coakley Levine, Rachmiel Levine, Samuel Albert Lieberman, Judy Lifton, Richard P. Lifton, Robert Jay Lindberg, Donald A. B. Lindemann, Erich Lister, Joseph Littlefield, John Walley Livingston, David Morse Locke, Edwin Allen Locksley, Richard Michael Loeb, Robert Frederick London, Irving Myer Longcope, Warfield Theobald Louis, Pierre Charles Alexandre Lovett, Robert Williamson Lown, Bernard Ludmerer, Kenneth Marc Lund, Fred Bates Luzzatto, Lucio Lyman, George Hinckley MacDonald, Paul Cloren Magrath, George Burgess Mahley, Robert W. Majerus, Philip Warren Majno, Guido Malamud, William Mallory, Frank Burr Mann, James Marks, Paul Alan Martin, Joseph Boyd May, James Vance Mayer, Jean Mayo, William James

McDermott, Walsh McDermott, Jr., William Vincent McDevitt, Hugh O’Neill McFarland, Ross Armstrong McIntosh, Rustin McKusick, Victor Almon McNeil, Barbara Joyce Means, James Howard Meigs, Joe Vincent Mellinkoff, Sherman Mussoff Mello, Craig Cameron Menninger, William Claire Merrill, John Putnam Merritt, Hiram Houston Miller, Charles Phillip Miner, Leroy Matthew Simpson Minot, Francis Minot, George Richards (1885-1950) Mitchell, Silas Weir Mitchill, Samuel Latham Mitelman, Felix Mixter, Samuel Jason Miyajima, Mikinosuke Moore, Carl Vernon Moore, Francis Daniels Morimoto, Richard I. Morison, Robert Swain Moritz, Alan Richards Moss, William Lorenzo Motulsky, Arno Gunther Muller, Friedrich von Murray, Joseph E. Mussey, Reuben Dimond Nabel, Elizabeth G. Nadelson, Carol C. Nathan, David Gordon Nathanson, Ira Theodore Neer, Eva Julia Nesheim, Malden Charles Nestler, Eric J. New, Maria Iandolo Nichols, Charles Lemuel Nichols, Edward Hall Nowell, Peter C. Nussenzweig, Victor Olefsky, Jerrold M. Oliver, Benjamin Lynde Oliver, Daniel Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. Omenn, Gilbert Stanley Orkin, Stuart Holland Orne, Joseph

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Osborn, June Elaine Osgood, Robert Bayley Osler, William Page, Irvine Heinly Paine, William Palmer, Walter Walker Papayannopoulou, Thalia Park, Edwards Albert Parkman, Samuel Parsons, Theodore Paul, John Rodman Peabody, Francis Weld Peirson, Abel Lawrence Penfield, Wilder Graves Percival, Thomas Perkins, Henry Coit Petersdorf, Robert George Pickering, George White Pierce, Chester Middlebook Pinn, Vivian Winona Plimpton, Calvin Hastings Ploog, Detlev Walter Plum, Fred Politzer, Adam Pool, James Lawrence Pope, Alfred Popper, Hans Potts, Jr., John Thomas Pratt, Joseph Hersey Prescott, Oliver Proger, Samuel Herschel Prusiner, Stanley Ben Ptacek, Louis J. Putnam, Charles Gideon Putnam, Charles Pickering Putnam, James Jackson Putnam, Tracy Jackson Querido, Andries Quinby, William Carter Rabkin, Mitchell Thornton Rackemann, Francis Minot Rammelkamp, Charles Henry Rand, Isaac Ranney, Helen Margaret Rapaport, Samuel I. Rapoport, Judith Livant Ravdin, Isidor Schwaner Ravetch, Jeffrey Victor Ray, Isaac Rayer, Pierre Francois Olive Recklinghausen, Friedrich Daniel von Redlich, Fredrick Carl Reichlin, Seymour

Relman, Arnold Seymour Reynolds, Edward Reynolds, John Phillips Rhoads, Jonathan Evans Richards, Dickinson Woodruff Richardson, William Lambert Richmond, Julius Benjamin Robbins, Frederick Chapman Robins, Lee Nelken Roby, Joseph Rock, John Charles Rodgers, Griffin Platt Rogers, David Elliott Rokitansky, Karl, Freiherr von Romano, John Rosen, Fred Saul Rosenau, Milton Joseph Rosenberg, Leon Emanuel Rosenfield, Allan G. Rosenheim, Max Leonard Ross, Joseph Foster Roth, Jesse Rowe, John Wallis Rubenstein, Arthur Harold Ruggles, Arthur Hiler Rusch, Harold Paul Rush, Benjamin Russell, Frederick Fuller Russell, Paul Snowden Rutstein, David Davis Rutter, Michael Llewellyn Ryan, Kenneth John Sabin, Albert Bruce Sacks, Oliver Wolf Salk, Jonas Edward Samuelsson, Bengt Ingemar Satcher, David Sawyer, Micajah Scadden, David T. Scheibel, Arnold Bernard Scheinberg, Israel Herbert Schmid, Rudi (Rudolf) Schroeder, Steven A. Schwartz, William Benjamin Sedgwick, William Thompson Seegmiller, Jarvis Edwin Seidman, Christine Seidman, Jonathan Seldin, Donald Wayne

Seligman, Arnold Max Sellards, Andrew Watson Shannon, James Augustine Shapiro, Larry Jay Shattuck, Frederick Cheever Shattuck, George Cheever Shattuck, George Cheyne (1783-1854) Shattuck, George Cheyne (1813-1893) Shepherd, Francis John Sherrington, Charles Scott Shilling, Charles Wesley Shine, Kenneth I. Shope, Richard Edwin Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet Siegelbaum, Steven A. Simmons, James Stevens Skorton, David J. Smith, Clement Andrew Smith, Jr., Lloyd Hollingsworth Smith, Richard Mason Smith, Theobald Snyder, Benson Rowell Snyder, John Crayton Snyder, Solomon Halbert Sognnaes, Reidar Fauske Sonenberg, Nahum Sosman, Merrill Clary Spooner, William Stamatoyannopoulos, George Stanbury, John Bruton Stanton, Alfred Hodgin Stare, Fredrick John Starzl, Thomas Earl Steinberg, Daniel Stephenson, Franklin Bache Stiles, Charles Wardell Stille, Alfred Stokes, Jonathan Storer, Horatio Robinson Stossel, Thomas Peter Strong, Richard Pearson Sullivan, Louis Wade Sweet, William Herbert Sweetser, William Swett, John Barnard Talbot, Fritz Bradley Talbot, Nathan Bill Talmage, David Wilson Tanner, James Mourilyan Taussig, Helen Brooke

Taylor, Edward Wyllys ter Meulen, Volker Terenius, Lars Yngve Terry, Robert Davis Thacher, James Thannhauser, Siegfried Josef Thayer, William Sydney Theiler, Arnold Thier, Samuel Osiah Thomas, Lewis Thorn, George Widmer Thorner, Michael Oliver Tosteson, Daniel Charles Treadwell, John Dexter Tufts, Cotton Turner, Clair Elsmere Tyler, John Eugene Tyzzer, Ernest Edward Unanue, Emil Raphael Unger, Roger Harold Upham, Jabez Baxter Valentin, Louis Valentine, William Newton Vergnies, Francis Verhoeff, Frederick Herman Viets, Henry Rouse Virchow, Rudolph Vogelstein, Bert Wadsworth, Oliver Fairfield Walcott, Henry Pickering Waldenstrom, Jan Gosta Waldmann, Thomas Alexander Walker, Arthur Earl Wang, Jean Yin Jen Ware, Charles Eliot Ware, John Warren, John (1753-1815) Warren, John (1874-1928) Warren, John Collins (1778-1856) Warren, John Collins (1842-1927) Warren, Jonathan Mason Warren, Shields Waterhouse, Benjamin Watt, Fiona Mary Wearn, Joseph Treloar Weatherall, David John Weibel, Ewald Rudolf Weinstein, I. Bernard Weinstein, Louis Weiss, Arthur

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Weiss, Soma Welch, William Henry Welsh, Michael James Welsh, Thomas West, John Burnard White, James Clarke (1833-1916) White, James Clarke (1895-1981) White, Paul Dudley White, Raymond Leslie Wilkins, Robert Wallace Willard, Huntington Faxon Williams, Charles Herbert Williams, David R. Williams, Francis Henry Williams, Henry Willard Williams, Lewis T. (Rusty) Wilson, Jean Donald Wistar, Caspar Wolbach, Simeon Burt Wolff, Sheldon Malcolm Wolstenholme, Gordon Ethelbert Ward Wood, George Bacon Wood, Horatio Charles Wood, Jr., William Barry Wright, James Homer Wyman, Morrill Wyman, Rufus Wyngaarden, James Barnes Yakovlev, Paul Ivan Young, Anne Buckingham Zervas, Nicholas Themistocles Zoll, Paul Maurice Zon, Leonard Ira Zucker-Franklin, Dorothea

Microbiology and Immunology Abbas, Abul K. Adelberg, Edward Allen Amos, Harold Arber, Werner Arvin, Ann Margaret Avery, Oswald Theodore Baltimore, David Bassler, Bonnie Lynn Belding, David Lawrence Benacerraf, Baruj Berk, Arnold J. Bishop, John Michael Bloom, Barry R.

Bluestone, Jeffrey Allen Bonner, David Mahlon Bottomly, H. Kim Burnet, Frank Macfarlane Cairns, Hugh John Forster Calame, Kathryn Lee Campbell, Allan McCulloch Cantor, Harvey Chase, Merrill Wallace Cheever, Francis Sargent Collier, Robert John (R. John) Colowick, Sidney Paul Colwell, Rita R. Coons, Albert Hewett Corey, Lawrence Cresswell, Peter Dausset, Jean Davis, Bernard David Dixon, Frank James Dubos, Rene Jules Dulbecco, Renato Dworkin, Martin Eaton, Jr., Monroe Davis Eisen, Herman Nathaniel Enders, John Franklin Enquist, Lynn William Ephrussi-Taylor, Harriett Elizabeth Ernst, Harold Clarence Falkow, Stanley Fauci, Anthony Stephen Fearon, Douglas T. Fields, Bernard Nathan Ganem, Donald Emil Gest, Howard Good, Robert Alan Gordon, Jeffrey Ivan Gorini, Luigi Costantino Greenberg, Everett Peter Gross, Carol A. Halvorson, Harlyn Odell Haynes, Barton Ford Henkin, Tina M. Hershey, Alfred Day Hirst, George Keble Hoffmann, Jules Alphonse Horsfall, Jr., Frank Lappin Humphrey, John Herbert Ishizaka, Kimishige Jannasch, Holger Windekilde Jerne, Niels Kaj Johnson, Alexander Dixon Johnson, Louise N. Kabat, Elvin Abraham

Kellenberger, Eduard Keynan, Alexander Kirkegaard, Karla Kluyver, Alfred Jan Koch, Robert (Heinrich Hermann Robert) Koprowski, Hilary Koretzky, Gary A. Koshland, Marian Elliott Kunkel, Henry George Lanier, Lewis Lee Levy, Jay A. Littman, Dan R. Luria, Salvador Edward Lwoff, Andre Michel Maaloe, Ole Urban Mackaness, George Bellamy MacLeod, Colin Munro Magasanik, Boris Mak, Tak Wah Marrack, Philippa Charlotte Mathis, Diane J. McCarty, Maclyn McFall-Ngai, Margaret J. Melchers, Georg Friedrich (Fritz) Metchnikoff, Elias Meyer, Karl Friedrich Milstein, Cesar Mitchison, Nicholas Avrion Mueller, John Howard Muller-Eberhard, Hans Joachim Nabel, Gary Jan Nathans, Daniel Neidhardt, Frederick Carl Nikaido, Hiroshi Nossal, Gustav Joseph Victor Nussenzweig, Michel Claudio Nussenzweig, Ruth Sonntag Old, Lloyd John Oudin, Jacques Henri Leon Marie Joseph Park, James Theodore Pasteur, Louis Paul, William Erwin Prescott, Samuel Cate Prudden, Theophil Mitchell Rao, Anjana Roizman, Bernard

Russell, David W. Schreiber, Robert David Scolnick, Edward Mark Sela, Michael Smith, Hamilton Othanel Spear, Patricia G. Spiegelman, Sol Stanier, Roger Yate Stanley, Wendell Meredith Tenbroeck, Carl ter Meulen, Volker Thompson, Craig B. Uhr, Jonathan William van Niel, Cornelis Bernardus Vincent, (Jean) Hyacinthe Vitetta, Ellen Shapiro Waksman, Byron Halsted Waksman, Selman Abraham Walker, Bruce D. Weissman, Irving Lerner Weller, Thomas Huckle White, Benjamin Wigzell, Hans Lennart Rudolf Witte, Owen N. Wolfe, Ralph Stoner Yokoyama, Wayne M. Zinkernagel, Rolf Martin Zinsser, Hans

Natural History and Ecology; Evolutionary and Population Biology Allard, Robert Wayne Altmann, Jeanne Altmann, Stuart Allen Anderson, Wyatt W. Antonovics, Janis Arnold, Stevan James Atchley, William Reid Attenborough, David Frederick Avise, John Charles Ayala, Francisco Jose Banks, Joseph (Baronet) Barrett, Spencer Charles Hilton Bawa, Kamaljit Singh Bazzaz, Fakhri A.

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Behrensmeyer, Anna Katherine Bennett, Albert F. Bierbaum, Rosina M. Blackwell, Meredith May Bormann, Frederick Herbert Bossert, William Hines Bouve, Thomas Tracy Brown, James Hemphill Bull, James Jeffrey Bush, Guy L. Cairns, Jr., John Carpenter, Stephen Russell Carroll, Sean B. Carson, Hampton Lawrence Case, Ted J. Caswell, Hal Chapin III, F. Stuart Charlesworth, Brian Charnov, Eric L. Cheney, Dorothy L. Chisholm, Sallie Watson Clack, Jennifer Alice Clark, Henry James Clark, James Samuel Clarke, Bryan Campbell Clegg, Michael Tran Cohen, Joel Ephraim Cole, Jonathan J. Cole, Thomas Coley, Phyllis D. Colwell, Robert K. Connell, Joseph Hurd Coyne, Jerry Allen Crane, Peter Robert Crow, James Franklin Daily, Gretchen Cara Darwin, Charles Robert Davis, Margaret Bryan de Waal, Frans B.M. DeFries, Ruth S. del Pino Veintimilla, Eugenia Maria DeLong, Edward Francis Dirzo, Rodolfo Donoghue, Michael John Eberhard, William G. Edwards, Scott Vernon Ehrlich, Anne Howland Ehrlich, Paul Ralph Emlen, Stephen T. Endler, John A. Falkowski, Paul G. Feldman, Marcus William Felsenstein, Joseph

Field, Christopher Bower Fitch, Walter Monroe Frank, Steven A. Frisch, Rose E. Futuyma, Douglas Joel Gingerich, Philip D. Godfray, H. Charles J. Gojobori, Takashi Gomez-Pompa, Arturo Goodall (van LawickGoodall), Valerie Jane Goodman, Morris Gorham, Eville Grant, Barbara Rosemary Grant, Peter Raymond Greene, Benjamin Daniel Grenfell, Bryan Thomas Haig, David Hairston, Nelson George Hall, Brian Keith Hanski, Ilkka Aulis Hardin, Garrett James Hastings, Alan M. Heinrich, Bernd Hilborn, Ray William Hinde, Robert Aubrey Hobbie, John Eyres Hubbell, Stephen P. Hudson, Richard Ralph Huey, Raymond B. Iwasa, Yoh Jablonski, David Jackson, Jeremy Bradford Cook James, Frances C. Janzen, Daniel Hunt Jenkins, Jr., Farish Alston Kareiva, Peter Michael Kawanabe, Hiroya Kidwell, Margaret Gale Kidwell, Susan Marie Kimura, Motoo Kirkpatrick, Mark Koehl, Mimi A. R. Kreitman, Martin E. Lake, James A. Lande, Russell Lasseter, John Lawton, John H. Lenski, Richard Eimer Leopold, Aldo Starker Leopold, Estella Bergere Lerner, I. Michael (Isadore Michael) Levin, Bruce R. Levin, Simon Asher Levins, Richard

Lewontin, Richard Charles Li, Wen-Hsiung Likens, Gene Elden Losos, Jonathan B. Lubchenco, Jane Ludwig, Donald Lynch, Michael Margulis, Lynn Markl, Hubert S. Matson, Pamela Anne May, Robert McCredie Maynard-Smith, John McCarthy, James Joseph McKenna, Malcolm Carnegie Medina, Ernesto Antonio Melillo, Jerry M. Mooney, Harold Alfred Moran, Nancy A. Murdoch, William W. Neel, James Van Gundia Nei, Masatoshi Novacek, Michael John Nuttall, Thomas Odum, Eugene Pleasants Orr, H. Allen Paabo, Svante Pacala, Stephen W. Pace, Jr., Norman Richard Packard, Julie E. Packer, Craig Page, Jr., Robert Eugene Paine, Robert T. Partridge, Linda Patrick, Ruth Pickett, Steward T. A. Pielou, Evelyn Chrystalla Pimm, Stuart Leonard Power, Mary Eleanor Price, Trevor Douglas Provine, William B. Pusey, Anne Queller, David C. Raff, Rudolf A. Reich, Peter B. Reznick, David N. Ricklefs, Robert Eric Rieseberg, Loren H. Robinson, Gene Ezia Rohlf, F. James (Frank James) Roughgarden, Joan Elizabeth Ryan, Michael Joseph Ryther, John Hood Sala, Osvaldo E. Sanchez, Pedro A.

Sarukhan Kermez, Jose Schaal, Barbara Anna Schemske, Douglas W. Schlesinger, William H. Schluter, Dolph Schmitt, Johanna M. Schoener, Thomas William Schopf, J. William (James William) Schulze, Ernst-Detlef Seeley, Thomas Dyer Seitzinger, Sybil Putnam Seyfarth, Robert Martin Shigesada, Nanako Shubin, Neil H. Simberloff, Daniel Solomon Slatkin, Montgomery Slatyer, Ralph Owen Slobodkin, Lawrence Basil Smith, Frederick Edward Sogin, Mitchell Lloyd Sokal, Robert Reuven Sokolov, Vladimir Yevgenyevich Solbrig, Otto Thomas Soule, Michael Ellman Southwood, Thomas Richard Edmund Stanton, Maureen L. Steele, John Hyslop Strassmann, Joan E. Takahata, Naoyuki Templeton, Alan Robert Terborgh, John Whittle Thompson, John N. Thorne, David Wynne Tilman, George David Timofeeff-Ressovsky, Nikolai Vladimirovich Trivers, Robert L. Turelli, Michael Valentine, James William Vitousek, Peter Morrison Vorontsov, Nikolay Nikolayevich Wade, Michael J. Wagner, Günter Paul Wake, David Burton Wake, Marvalee Hendricks Ward, Bess R. Werren, John Haynes West-Eberhard, Mary Jane Wetzel, Robert George Wheatland, Henry White, Timothy Douglas Whittaker, Robert Harding

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Williams, George Christopher Woese, Carl R. Woodwell, George Masters Yablokov, Alexey Vladimirovich Yanofsky, Martin F.

Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, and Behavioral Biology Abbott, Laurence F. Adelson, Edward H. Adrian, Edgar Douglas Agranoff, Bernard William Akil, Huda Albright, Thomas D. Aldrich, Richard Warren Andersen, Richard A. Andreasen, Nancy C. Arechiga, Hugo Bargmann, Cornelia Isabella Barondes, Samuel Herbert Basbaum, Allan Baylor, Denis Aristide Bear, Mark Firman Benzer, Seymour Berthoz, Alain Bizzi, Emilio Blake, Randolph Bloom, Floyd Elliott Brazier, Mary Agnes Burniston Bronk, Detlev Wulf Brown, Emery Neal Buck, Linda Brown Bullock, Theodore Holmes Callaway, Edward Matthew Carew, Thomas James Carlson, John R. Cepko, Constance Louise Changeux, Jean-Pierre Cicourel, Aaron Victor Cobb, Stanley Cooper, Leon Neil Corey, David Paul Cowan, William Maxwell Coyle, Joseph Thomas Crews, David Pafford Dallos, Peter John Damasio, Antonio R.

Damasio, Hanna Davis, Hallowell DeLong, Mahlon Robert Desimone, Robert Dethier, Vincent Gaston Dickinson, Michael Hughes Donoghue, John P. Doupe, Allison J. Dowling, John Elliott Dulac, Catherine Elkes, Joel Enroth-Cugell, Christina Evarts, Edward Vaughan Farah, Martha Julia Fernald, Russell Dawson Ferster, David Leigh Fessard, Alfred Eugene Fettiplace, Robert Fields, Howard Lincoln Finkelstein, Alan Fischbach, Gerald David Fulton, John Farquhar Furshpan, Edwin Jean Fuster, Joaquin M. Gage, Fred H. Galambos, Robert Gazzaniga, Michael Saunders Georgopoulos, Apostolos P. Gerard, Ralph Waldo Gilbert, Charles D. Goldberg, Michael Ellis Goldman-Rakic, Patricia Shoer Goldstein, Kurt Goodman, Corey Scott Gorski, Roger Anthony Granit, Ragnar Arthur Graybiel, Ann M. Greenberg, Michael Eldon Greengard, Paul Greenough, William Tallant Grillner, Sten Erik Gross, Charles Gordon Hagiwara, Susumu Hall, Zach Winter Heinemann, Stephen Fox Henneman, Elwood Hikosaka, Okihide Hildebrand, John Grant Hinton, Geoffrey E. Hockfield, Susan Hokfelt, Tomas Gustav Magnus

Hoy, Ronald Raymond Hubel, David Hunter Hudspeth, Albert James Huganir, Richard Lewis Hunt, Carlton Cuyler Hyman, Steven Edward Iversen, Leslie Lars Jameson, Dorothea (elected as Hurvich) Jan, Lily Y. Jan, Yuh Nung Jessell, Thomas M. Julius, David Kaas, Jon Kandel, Eric Richard Kanwisher, Nancy Karten, Harvey Jules Kety, Seymour Solomon Keverne, Eric Barrington Kiang, Nelson Yuan-Sheng Knudsen, Eric Ingvald Koch, Christof Konishi, Masakazu Konorski, Jerzy Kravitz, Edward Arthur Krumhansl, Carol L. Kuffler, Stephen William Kuhl, Patricia K. Kuno, Motoy Landis, Story Cleland Landmesser, Lynn Therese LeDoux, Joseph E. Leeman, Susan Epstein Lester, Henry Allen Lettvin, Jerome Ysroael Levi-Montalcini, Rita Lisberger, Stephen G. Livingston, Robert Burr Llinas, Rodolfo Riascos Loewi, Otto Logothetis, Nikos K. Luo, Liqun Luria, Alexander Romanovich Maffei, Lamberto Magoun, Horace Winchell Mahley, Robert W. Malenka, Robert Charles Mandel, Gail Marder, Eve Marler, Peter Robert McConnell, Susan K. McCulloch, Warren Sturgis McEwen, Bruce Sherman Menaker, Michael Miledi, Ricardo

Milner, Brenda Atkinson Langford Mishkin, Mortimer Morris, Richard G. M. Mountcastle, Vernon Benjamin Movshon, J. Anthony Nathans, Jeremy Nauta, Walle Jetze Harinx Neville, Helen J. Nicoll, Roger Andrew Oldendorf, William Henry Parada, Luis Fernando Petrides, Michael Pfaff, Donald Wells Phelps, Elizabeth Anya Pinker, Steven A. Poggio, Tomaso A. Posner, Jerome Beebe Purves, Dale Quarton, Gardner Cowles Raichle, Marcus E. Rakic, Pasko Rall, Wilfrid Raviola, Elio Secondo Reichardt, Louis French Reichardt, Werner Ernst Rescorla, Robert A. Rioch, David McKenzie Rizzolatti, Giacomo Rosenblueth, Arturo Stearns Rushton, William Albert Hugh Sanes, Joshua Richard Schiller, Peter H. Schneider, Dietrich Herman Paul Sehgal, Amita Shatz, Carla Jo Shepherd, Gordon Murray Sidman, Richard Leon Siegelbaum, Steven A. Silver, Rae Solomon, Harry Caesar Southard, Elmer Ernest Sperling, George Spitzer, Nicholas Canaday Squire, Larry Ryan Stearns, Albert Warren Stevens, Charles F. Strick, Peter L. Stryker, Michael P. Südhof, Thomas Christian Suga, Nobuo Sur, Mriganka Swanson, Larry William

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Szentagothai, Janos Takahashi, Joseph S. Tank, David W. Truman, James William Turrigiano, Gina G. Ugurbil, Kamil Ungerleider, Leslie G. Vincent, Jean-Didier Wall, Patrick David Wandell, Brian A. Wehner, Rudiger Westbrook, Gary L. Wexler, Nancy Sabin Wiesel, Torsten Nils Wilson, Donald Melvin Wilson, Matthew A. Worden, Frederic Garfield Wurtz, Robert Henry Yau, King-Wai Zuker, Charles S.

Performing Arts and Music– Criticism and Practice Adams, John (1947-) Alda, Alan Alexander, Jane Allen, Woody Almodóvar, Pedro Alsop, Marin Altman, Robert Anderson, Marian ElinaBlanche Arroyo, Martina Austin, William Weaver Ax, Emanuel Babbitt, Milton Byron Baker, George Pierce (1866-1935) Barber, Samuel Barenboim, Daniel Barron, Kenny Baryshnikov, Mikhail Bausch, Pina Bent, Margaret Hilda Berger, Arthur Victor Bergman, Ingmar Berio, Luciano Berliner, Paul Franklin Bernstein, Jane A. Bernstein, Leonard

Biggs, Edward George Power Bilson, Malcolm Blackwood, Michael Bohlman, Philip V. Bono (see also Paul David Hewson) Boulanger, Nadia Juliette Boulez, Pierre Brendel, Alfred Brinkmann, Reinhold Britten, Edward Benjamin Brook, Peter Stephen Paul Brown, Howard Mayer Brown, Trisha Brubeck, Dave Brustein, Robert Sanford Bunuel, Luis Burgin, Richard Cage, John Caldwell, Sarah Carpenter, John Alden Carter, Jr., Elliott Cook Casals, Pablo (Pau Carlos Salvador Defillo de) Casella, Alfredo Chadwick, George Whitefield Chavez, Carlos Chen Yi, Child, Julia Chowning, John MacLeod Clifton, Chalmers Dancy Clurman, Harold Edgar Cohen, Leonard Norman Cone, Edward Toner Converse, Frederick Shepherd Coolidge, Elizabeth Penn Sprague Copland, Aaron Coppola, Francis Ford Cosby, Jr., William H. Crawford, Richard Arthur Croce, Arlene Louise Crouch, Stanley Crumb, George Henry Cunningham, Merce D’Accone, Frank Anthony d’Amboise, Jacques Davidovsky, Mario Davidson, Gordon Davies, Dennis Russell Davison, Archibald Thompson Day-Lewis, Daniel de Mille, Agnes George

de Valois, Ninette Dench, Judith DePreist, James Anderson Dewhurst, Colleen Doguereau, Paul Rene Domingo, Placido Dreyer, Carl Theodor Dylan, Bob Eastwood, Clinton Ellington, Edward Kennedy (Duke) Engel, Carl Erskine, John Falls, Robert Arthur Fassler, Margot E. Feldman, Martha Fellini, Federico Finney, Ross Lee Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich Fleisher, Leon Foote, Arthur William Forbes, Elliot Forman, Milos Forte, Allen Foss, Lukas Franklin, Benjamin Fuller, Sarah A. Galati, Frank Joseph Garafola, Lynn Gardner, Robert Grosvenor Geiringer, Karl Johannes Gielgud, Arthur John Ginastera, Alberto Evaristo Glass, Philip Goldovsky, Boris Goodrich, Wallace (John Wallace) Gossett, Philip Edward Goto, Midori Graham, Martha Austin Grotowski, Jerzy Grout, Donald Jay Guinness, Alec Gunning, Thomas Haar, James Edward Hagen, Uta Thyra Hampson, Thomas Hampton, Henry Eugene Hanson, Howard Harbison, John Harran, Don Harris, Ellen T. Harris, Emmylou Hart, Kitty Carlisle Hayes, Roland Heartz, Daniel Leonard

Heilman, William Clifford Hewson, Paul David (see also Bono) Hill, Edward Burlingame Hindemith, Paul Hoffman, Dustin Hood, Mantle Horne, Marilyn Houghton, Charles Norris Huston, Anjelica Imbrie, Andrew Welsh Israel, Robert Jamison, Judith Jarrett, Keith Jolas, Betsy McDonald Jones, Bill T. Jones, James Earl Jones, Jr., Quincy D. Jowitt, Deborah Keller, Harrison Kelly, Thomas Forrest Kennedy, Kathleen Kerman, Joseph Wilfred King, B. B. Kinkeldey, Otto Kirchner, Leon Kirkpatrick, Ralph Koussevitzky, Serge Alexandrovich Kramer, Richard A. Kurosawa, Akira Lang, Paul Henry Laredo, Jaime LaRue, Jan Leacock, Richard Lee, Ang Lee, Spike Lehner, Eugene Leigh, Mike Leinsdorf, Erich Lesser, Laurence Lesure, Francois Levin, Robert D. Levine, James Lewin, David Benjamin Lewis, Elma Ina Lewis, Leo Rich Ligeti, Gyorgy Sandor Lithgow, John A. Lockwood, Lewis Henry Loeffler, Charles Martin Tornov Lowinsky, Edward Elias Lucas, Jr., George W. Ma, Yo-Yo Malick, Terrence Mann, Robert Nathaniel

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Marsalis, Wynton Martin, Steve Martino, Donald James Mason, Daniel Gregory Mathiesen, Thomas James McCartney, Paul Mendel, Arthur Mennin, Peter Anthony Menotti, Gian Carlo Menuhin, Yehudi Merritt, A. Tillman (Arthur Tillman) Messiaen, Olivier Meyer, Leonard B. Milhaud, Darius Miller, Jonathan Wolfe Milnes, Sherrill Mirren, Helen Moeser, James Monk, Meredith Morris, Errol Mark Morris, Mark Munch, Charles Muti, Riccardo Nettl, Bruno Newcomb, Anthony Nichols, Mike Nikolais, Alwin Theodore Norman, Jessye Oistrakh, David Fyodorovich Olivier, Laurence Kerr Oppens, Ursula Owens, Jessie Ann Ozawa, Seiji Paine, John Knowles Palisca, Claude Victor Papp, Joseph Perle, George Perlman, Itzhak Petrassi, Goffredo Pinkham, Jr., Daniel Rogers Pirrotta, Nino (Antonino) Piston, Jr., Walter Hamor Poitier, Sidney Polisi, Joseph William Porter, Andrew Powers, Harold Stone Pressler, Menahem Max Jacob Previn, André George Price, Leontyne Rabaud, Henri Benjamin Rainer, Yvonne Ran, Shulamit Ratner, Leonard G.

Reese, Gustave Reich, Steve Renoir, Jean Richards, Lloyd George Rigg, Diana Rilling, Helmuth Roach, Joseph Robbins, Jerome Robertson, Anne Walters Robertson, David Rochberg, George Rollins, Theodore (Sonny) Walter Rorem, Ned Rosand, Ellen Rosen, Charles Ross, Alex Rostropovitch, Mstislav Leopoldowich Saariaho, Kaija A. Salonen, Esa-Pekka Sayles, John Thomas Schreiber, Liev Schuller, Gunther Alexander Schuman, William Howard Scorsese, Martin Seeger, Anthony Seeger, Charles Louis Sellars, Peter Senelick, Laurence Philip Serkin, Rudolf Sessions, Roger Huntington Shapey, Ralph Shelemay, Kay Kaufman Sibelius, Jean Julius Christian Sierra, Roberto Sills, Beverly Silverstein, Joseph Harry Simon, Paul Simonds, Bruce Slatkin, Leonard Edward Slim, Harry Colin Smith, David Stanley Somfai, Laszlo Sondheim, Stephen Joshua Spalding, Walter Raymond Starker, Janos Steinhardt, Arnold Stern, Isaac Stockhausen, Karlheinz Stravinsky, Igor Fyodorovich Streep, Meryl (Mary Louise)

Strehler, Giorgio Strunk, Oliver (William Oliver) Stucky, Steven Szell, George Terry, Charles Sanford Tharp, Twyla Thomas, Augusta Read Thompson, Randall Thomson, Virgil Garnett Tick, Judith Tilson Thomas, Michael Tippett, Michael Kemp Tomlinson, Gary Tower, Joan Peabody Treitler, Leo Uchida, Mitsuko Ulanova, Galina Sergeyevna Upshaw, Dawn Vaughan Williams, Ralph Villella, Edward von Stade, Frederica Wajda, Andrzej Ward, John Milton Washington, Denzel Waterston, Samuel A. Webster, James Wheeldon, Christopher Williams, John Wilson, Robert Wolff, Christian Wolff, Christoph Johannes Wong Kar Wai, Woodworth, George Wallace Wright, Craig M. Wuorinen, Charles Peter Wyner, Yehudi Zaslaw, Neal Zimmerman, Mary Alice Zukofsky, Paul Zwilich, Ellen Taaffe

Philosophy Adams, Ernest Wilcox Adams, Robert Merrihew Albritton, Rogers Garland Alston, William Payne Ameriks, Karl P. Anderson, Elizabeth S. Annas, Julia Elizabeth Anscombe, Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Appiah, Kwame Anthony Armstrong, David Malet

Ayer, Alfred Jules Baier, Kurt Barnes, Jonathan Barwise, Kenneth Jon Beardsley, Monroe Curtis Beck, Lewis White Belnap, Nuel Benacerraf, Paul Joseph Salomon Bennett, Jonathan Francis Berger, Harry Bergson, Henri Louis Berlin, Isaiah Bixler, Julius Seelye Black, Max Blackburn, Simon Blanshard, Brand Block, Ned Boas, George Bobbio, Norberto Boghossian, Paul Artin Boolos, George Stephen Bowen, Francis Braithwaite, Richard Bevan Brandom, Robert Boyce Brandt, Richard Booker Bratman, Michael E. Brightman, Edgar Sheffield Broad, Charlie Dunbar Broadie, Sarah Waterlow Bronowski, Jacob Brunschwig, Jacques Burge, Charles Tyler Burgess, John P. Burnyeat, Myles Frederic Carnap, Rudolf Cartwright, Nancy Delaney Castaneda, Hector-Neri Cavell, Stanley Louis Chisholm, Roderick Milton Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Cooper, John Madison Copenhaver, Brian P. Coulson, Charles Alfred Cousin, Victor Croce, Benedetto Curley, Edwin Munson Danto, Arthur Coleman Darwall, Stephen L. Davidson, Donald Herbert Demos, Raphael Dennett, Daniel Clement d’Entreves, Alexander Passerin

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Donagan, Alan Harry Dreben, Burton Spencer Dretske, Fred (Frederick Irwin) Dreyfus, Hubert L. Ducasse, Curt John Dummett, Michael Anthony Eardley Dunn, Jon Michael Dupre, Louis Earman, John S. Edman, Irwin Emerson, Ralph Waldo Feigl, Herbert Feinberg, Joel Field, Hartry Hamlin Findlay, John Niemeyer Fine, Kit Firth, Roderick Fiske, John Fitch, Frederic Brenton Fodor, Jerry Alan Fogelin, Robert John Follesdal, Dagfinn Kaare Foot, Philippa Ruth Frankel, Charles Frankena, William Klaas Frankfurt, Harry Gordon Frede, Dorothea Aline Frede, Michael Friedman, Michael Gadamer, Hans-Georg Gamwell, Franklin I. Garber, Daniel E. Garrett, Don Geach, Peter Thomas Gewirth, Alan Gibbard, Allan F. Gilson, Etienne-Henry Goldman, Alvin Ira Goodman, Nelson (Henry Nelson) Greene, Theodore Meyer Gregory, Tullio Grene, Marjorie Glicksman Grice, H. Paul (Herbert Paul) Grunbaum, Adolf Gupta, Anil K. Guyer, Paul D. Habermas, Jurgen Hacking, Ian Hamilton, William (17881856) Hampshire, Stuart Newton Hare, Richard Mervyn Harman, Gilbert Helms

Hartshorne, Charles Hausman, Daniel Murray Hedge, Levi Hellman, Geoffrey Paul Hempel, Carl Gustav Henrich, Dieter Herman, Barbara Hickok, Laurens Perseus Higginbotham, James Hill, Jr., Thomas English Hintikka, Jaakko J. Hocking, William Ernest Hook, Sidney Hu, Shih Hull, David Lee Husserl, Edmund Gustav Albrecht Irwin, Terence Henry James, William (18421910) Jaspers, Karl Theodor Jeffrey, Richard Carl Jonas, Hans Kahn, Charles H. Kamm, Frances Myrna Kaplan, David Benjamin Keller, Evelyn Fox Kenny, Anthony John Patrick Kim, Jaegwon Kitcher, Philip S. Klibansky, Raymond Kolakowski, Leszek Korsgaard, Christine Marion Koyre, Alexandre Kraut, Richard Kripke, Saul Aaron Kristeller, Paul Oskar Kyburg, Jr., Henry Ely Langer, Susanne Knauth Larmore, Charles Lehrer, Keith Edward Levi, Isaac Lewis, Clarence Irving Lewis, David Kellogg Lindbeck, George A. Lloyd, Geoffrey Ernest Richard Longuenesse, Beatrice Lowith, Karl MacIntyre, Alasdair Chalmers Maddy, Penelope Jo Malament, David Baruch Malcolm, Norman Adrian Mandelbaum, Maurice

Mansel, Henry Longueville Marcus, Ruth Barcan Mates, Benson McCosh, James McDowell, John Henry McKeon, Richard Peter McMullin, Ernan Vincent Mill, John Stuart Mints, Grigori Morris, Charles William Mothersill, Mary Murphy, Arthur Edward Nagel, Ernest Nagel, Thomas Nehamas, Alexander Normore, Calvin Northrop, Filmer Stuart Cuckow Nozick, Robert Nussbaum, Martha Craven O’Neill, Onora Sylvia Owen, Gwilym Ellis Lane Palmer, George Herbert Parfit, Derek Antony Parker, DeWitt Henry Parsons, Charles Dacre Parsons, Terence Dwight Passmore, John Arthur Peacocke, Christopher Arthur Bruce Pears, David Francis Peirce, Charles Santiago Sanders Pepper, Stephen Coburn Perry, John R. Perry, Ralph Barton Pettit, Philip Noel Pippin, Robert B. Plantinga, Alvin Carl Polanyi, Michael Popkin, Richard Henry Popper, Karl Raimund Pratt, James Bissett Putnam, Hilary Whitehall Quine, Willard Van Orman Quinn, Philip L. Railton, Peter Albert Randall, Jr., John Herman Rawls, John Recanati, François Reichenbach, Hans Remusat, Charles Francois Marie, Comte de Rescher, Nicholas Ricoeur, Paul Romero, Francisco

Rorty, Richard McKay Ross, William David Royce, Josiah Ryle, Gilbert Salmon, Wesley Charles Sartre, Jean-Paul Scanlon, Jr., Thomas Michael Scheffler, Israel Scheffler, Samuel Schiffer, Stephen Schneewind, Jerome Borges Schneider, Herbert Wallace Scholem, Gershom Gerhard Schweitzer, Albert Searle, John Rogers Sedley, David Neil Seidenfeld, Teddy I. Sellars, Wilfrid Stalker Shimony, Abner Eliezer Shoemaker, Sydney Sharpless Sidgwick, Henry Sieg, Wilfried Sklar, Lawrence Skyrms, Brian Soames, Scott Sober, Elliott Sorabji, Richard Rustom Kharsedji Sosa, Ernest Stace, Walter Terence Stalnaker, Robert Culp Stein, Howard Stevenson, Charles Leslie Stewart, Dugald Stich, Stephen Peter Strawson, Peter Frederick Striker, Gisela Stroud, Barry Stump, Eleonore Suppes, Patrick Tait, William Walker Taylor, Charles Margrave Thomson, Judith Jarvis Todorov, Tzvetan Toulmin, Stephen Edelston Trendelenburg, Friedrich Adolf van Fraassen, Bas C. van Inwagen, Peter Vlastos, Gregory Von Wright, Georg Henrik Vuillemin, Jules

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Walker, James Walton, Kendall Lewis Wang, Hao Weil, Eric Weizsacker, Carl Friedrich Freiherr von West, Cornel Whately, Richard Whewell, William White, Morton Gabriel Whitehead, Alfred North Wiggins, David Wild, John Daniel Williams, Bernard Arthur Owen Williams, Michael J. Williamson, Timothy Wilson, Margaret Dauler Wilson, Mark L. Wolf, Susan Rose Wollheim, Richard Arthur Wolterstorff, Nicholas Wood, Allen William Woods, James Haughton Wright, Chauncey Wright , Crispin James Garth Wyschogrod, Edith Yablo, Stephen

Physics Abbot, Joseph Hale Abbott, Laurence F. Abelson, Philip Hauge Abragam, Anatole Abrahams, Elihu Abrikosov, Alexei Alexeyevich Adair, Robert Kemp Adelberger, Eric George Adler, Stephen Louis Aeppli, Gabriel Aharony, Amnon Ahlers, Guenter Aigrain, Pierre Raoul Alfven, Hannes Olof Gosta Allis, William Phelps Alpher, Ralph Asher Altshuler, Boris Alvarez, Luis Walter Amaldi, Edoardo Ames, Jr., Adelbert Ames, Joseph Sweetman Anderson, Carl David Anderson, Herbert Lawrence

Anderson, Philip Warren Andrei, Eva Y. Anslow, Gladys Amelia Appelquist, Thomas W. Appleton, Edward Victor Arima, Akito Arkani-Hamed, Nima Armstrong, John Allan Arrhenius, Svante August Artsimovich, Lev Andreevich Austin, Robert Hamilton Auston, David Henry Awschalom, David D. Bacher, Robert Fox Bainbridge, Kenneth Tompkins Banks, Thomas Bardeen, John Bardeen, William Allan Bargmann, Valentine Barish, Barry C. Barnett, Samuel Jackson Barrett, Alan Hildreth Barschall, Henry Herman Barus, Carl Bates, David Robert Baym, Gordon Alan Beams, Jesse Wakefield Beasley, Malcolm Roy Bell, John Stewart Bell, Louis Benedek, George Bernard Berkner, Lloyd Viel Berko, Stephan Bethe, Hans Albrecht Bhabha, Homi Jehangir Billings, Bruce Hadley Biot, Jean Baptiste Birgeneau, Robert Joseph Bitter, Francis Bjorken, James Daniel Blackett, Patrick Maynard Stuart (Lord) Bleakney, Walker Bleaney, Brebis Bloch, Felix Bloembergen, Nicolaas Blume, Martin Bohr, Aage Niels Bohr, Niels Henrik David Bolt, Richard Henry Boltzmann, Ludwig Born, Max Bowen, Edward George Bowers, Raymond Bragg, William Lawrence

Braginsky, Vladimir Borisovich Branscomb, Lewis McAdory Brattain, Walter Houser Bray, Philip James Brechignac, Catherine Breit, Gregory Brewster, David Brezin, Edouard Bridge, Herbert Sage Bridgman, Percy Williams Briggs, Lyman James Brinkman, William Frank Brockhouse, Bertram Neville Brode, Robert Bigham Broglie, Louis Victor Pierre Raymond de Bromley, David Allan Brooks, Harvey Brown, Gerald Edward Brown, Harold Brown, Joseph Brown, Sanborn Conner Brueckner, Keith Allan Buchsbaum, Solomon Jan Bucksbaum, Philip Howard Buechner, William Weber Bumstead, Henry Andrews Busse, Friedrich Hermann Cabibbo, Nicola Cady, Walter Guyton Callan, Curtis G. Campbell, Leslie Lyle Capasso, Federico Casimir, Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Cauchy, Augustin Louis (Baron) Ceperley, David M. Chaffee, Emory Leon Chaikin, Paul M. Chamberlain, Owen Chan, Moses H. W. Charpie, Robert Alan Chaudhari, Praveen Chew, Geoffrey Foucar Chodorow, Marvin Christy, Robert Frederick Chu, Paul Ching-Wu (Ching-Wu Paul) Chu, Steven Clark, George Whipple Clausius, Rudolph Julius Emmanuel

Cockcroft, John Douglas Cohen, Marvin Lou Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude Nessim Coleman, Sidney Richard Colgate, Stirling Auchincloss Commins, Eugene David Compton, Arthur Holly Compton, Karl Taylor Comstock, Daniel Frost Condon, Edward Uhler Conwell, Esther Marly Coolidge, William David Cooper, Leon Neil Coppersmith, Susan N. Coppi, Bruno Cormack, Allan MacLeod Cornell, Eric Allin Cornu, Marie Alfred Crabtree, George William Crane, Horace Richard Crawford, Franzo Hazlett Crew, Henry Crewe, Albert Victor Cronin, James Watson Cross, Charles Robert Cummins, Herman Zachary Dai, Hongjie Darrow, Karl Kelchner Dashen, Roger Frederick Davis, Harvey Nathaniel Davis, Jr., Raymond Davisson, Clinton Joseph Daw, Murray S. Dawson, John M. de Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de Shalit, Amos Debye, Peter Joseph William Dehmelt, Hans Georg Demos, Peter Theodore Derr, Louis Deser, Stanley Deutsch, Martin Devoret, Michel Henri DeWitt, Bryce S. Dicke, Robert Henry Dimopoulos, Savas Dine, Michael Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice Dolbear, Amos Emerson Donnelly, Russell James Dorfan, Jonathan Manne Drell, Persis Sydney

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Drell, Sidney David Dresselhaus, Mildred Spiewak Drever, Ronald William Prest Drisko, William Johnson Dryden, Hugh Latimer Duane, William DuBridge, Lee Alvin Duff, Alexander Wilmer Dynes, Robert Carr Dyson, Freeman John Dzyaloshinskii, Igor Eastman, Dean Eric Edlen, Bengt Edwards, Helen Thom Ehrenreich, Henry Einstein, Albert Elsasser, Walter Maurice Emery, Victor J. Esaki, Leo Evans, Robley Dunglison Ewald, Paul Peter Ewell, Arthur Woolsey Faddeev, Ludwig D. Fairbank, William Martin Fano, Ugo Faraday, Michael Farnsworth, Harry Edward Feher, George Feigenbaum, Mitchell Jay Feld, Bernard Taub Feldman, Gary J. Feshbach, Herman Fisher, Daniel S. Fisher, Matthew P. A. Fisk, James Brown Fisk, Zachary Fitch, Val Logsdon Fleischer, Robert Louis Fleury, Paul Aimé Fortson, Edward Norval Fowler, Alan Bicksler Fradkin, Eduardo Hector Franck, James Frank, Nathaniel Herman Frank, Philipp G. Franklin, William Suddards Frauenfelder, Hans Emil Freedman, Daniel Z. Freedman, Stuart Jay Friedel, Jacques Friedman, Francis Lee Friedman, Herbert Friedman, Jerome Isaac Frisch, David Henry

Frosch, Robert Alan Fubini, Sergio Piero Furry, Wendell Hinkle Furth, Harold Paul Gabor, Dennis Gaffield, Thomas Gaillard, Mary Katharine Garwin, Richard Lawrence Gates, Jr., Sylvester James Geballe, Theodore Henry Geiss, Johannes Gell-Mann, Murray Georgi, Howard Getting, Ivan Alexander Giaever, Ivar Gibbons, John H. (Jack) Gibbs, Josiah Willard Ginzburg, Vitaly Lazarevich Girvin, Steven M. Glaser, Donald Arthur Glashow, Sheldon Lee Glauber, Roy Jay Goldberger, Marvin Leonard Goldenfeld, Nigel David Goldhaber, Gerson Goldhaber, Maurice Goldstone, Jeffrey Gollub, Jerry Paul Goodwin, Harry Manley Gordon, William Edwin Gor’kov, Lev Petrovich Gorter, Cornelis Jacobus Gottfried, Kurt Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham Greene, Laura H. Gribov, Vladimir Naumovich Grodzins, Lee Gross, David Jonathan Gruner, Sol Michael Gunn, John Battiscombe Gursey, Feza Guth, Alan Harvey Gutzwiller, Martin Charles Haeberli, Willy Hahn, Erwin Louis Haldane, F. Duncan M. (Frederick Duncan Michael) Hall, Edwin Herbert Halperin, Bertrand Israel Hansch, Theodore Wolfgang Hansteen, Christopher

Happer, William Harari, Haim Hardy, Arthur Cobb Harrison, George Russell Hartle, James Burkett Harvey, George Graham Harvey, Jeffrey A. Hau, Lene Vestergaard Hawking, Stephen William Haworth, Leland John Haxton, Wick C. Hayes, Hammond Vinton Heaviside, Oliver Heisenberg, Werner Karl Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand Henley, Ernest Mark Henry, Joseph Herman, Robert Herring, William Conyers Herzfeld, Karl Ferdinand Heymans, Paul Alphonse Hickman, Roger Wayne Hill, Albert Gordon Hodges, Nathaniel Dana Carlile Hofstadter, Robert Hohenberg, Pierre Claude Holman, Silas Whitcomb Holstein, Theodore David Holton, Gerald James Houston, William Vermillion Huang, Kerson Hubbard, John Charles Hughes, Vernon Willard Hulet, Randall Gardner Hull, Gordon Ferrie Humphreys, William Jackson Hunt, Edward Bissell Hunt, Frederick Vinton Huse, David Hutchins, Charles Clifford Inghram, Mark Gordon Ioffe (Joffe), Abram Fedorovich Ives, James Edmund Jackiw, Roman Wladimir Jackson, John David Jackson, Shirley Ann Jacques, William White Jaffe, Arthur Michael Jain, Jainendra Kumar Javan, Ali Jeffries, Carson Dunning Jin, Deborah S.

Johnson, Kenneth Alan Jones, R. Clark (Robert Clark) Josephson, Brian David Joule, James Prescott Kadanoff, Leo Philip Kapitsa, Petr Leonidovich Kapitulnik, Aharon Kardar, Mehran Kastner, Marc Aaron Keck, James Collyer Kelly, Harry Charles Kemble, Edwin Crawford Kendall, Henry Way Kennel, Charles Frederick Kent, Norton Adams Kerman, Arthur Kent Kerst, Donald William Ketterle, Wolfgang Kimball, Alonzo Smith King, Ronold Wyeth Percival Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert Kittel, Charles Kivelson, Steven Allan Klebanov, Igor R. Klein, Miles Vincent Kleppner, Daniel Knight, Walter David Knipp, Julian Knause Kohlrausch, Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Kohn, Walter Kompfner, Rudolf Koonin, Steven Elliot Kosterlitz, J. Michael Kraushaar, William Lester Kroll, Norman Myles Kubo, Ryogo Kurti, Nicholas Kusch, Polykarp La Rive, Auguste Arthur de Lamb, Jr., Willis Eugene Landau, Lev Davidovich Landauer, Rolf William Lane, Neal Francis Langer, James Stephen Langmuir, Irving Larmor, Joseph Larmore, Lewis Laue, Max Theodor Felix von Laughlin, Robert B. Lauritsen, Thomas Lawrence, Ernest Orlando Lax, Benjamin Lax, Melvin

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Le Corbeiller, Philippe Emmanuel LeConte, John Lederman, Leon Max Lee, Benjamin Whisoh Lee, David Morris Lee, Patrick A. Lee, Tsung-Dao Lefavour, Henry Leggett, Anthony James Leighton, Robert Benjamin Lepage, G. Peter Levine, Herbert Libchaber, Albert Joseph Lieb, Elliott Hershel Linde, Andrei Dmitriyevich Lindsay, Robert Bruce Litster, James David Liu, Andrea J. Livingston, Milton Stanley Longmire, Conrad Lee Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon Louie, Steven Gwon Sheng Lovering, Joseph Low, Francis Eugene Lubensky, Tom C. Luttinger, Joaquin Mazdak Lyman, Theodore (18741954) MacDonald, Allan Hugh Maclaurin, Richard Cockburn Mahan, Gerald Dennis Maldacena, Juan Martín Mandel, Leonard Mandelstam, Stanley Margenau, Henry Marshak, Robert Eugene Martin, Paul Cecil Massey, Walter Eugene Matthias, Bernd Teo Max, Claire Ellen Maxwell, James Clerk Mayer, Alfred Marshall Mayer (Goeppert-Mayer), Maria Gertrude Goeppert McKeehan, Louis Williams McMillan, Edwin Mattison McMillan, William Laughlin Meitner, Lise Melloni, Macedonio Mendenhall, Charles Elwood

Mendenhall, Thomas Corwin Menon, Mambillikalathil Govind Kumar Mermin, Nathaniel David Merritt, Ernest George Meserve, Richard Andrew Metropolis, Nicholas Constantine Michelson, Albert Abraham Miller, Dayton Clarence Millikan, Robert Andrews Millionshchikov, Mikhail Dmitrievich Mimno, Harry Rowe Misner, Charles W. Montroll, Elliott Waters Moore, Gregory Winthrop Morrison, Philip Morse, Harry Wheeler Morse, Philip McCord Morse, Robert Warren Moshinsky, Marcos Mossbauer, Rudolf Ludwig Mott, Nevill Francis Mottelson, Ben Roy Mueller, Alfred H. Mueller, Hans Muller, Richard A. Mulliken, Robert Sanderson Murnane, Margaret Mary Murray, Cherry A. Nagel, Sidney Robert Nambu, Yoichiro Narayanamurti, Venkatesh Neal, Homer Alfred Neel, Louis Eugene Felix Ne’eman, Yuval Nelson, Ann E. Nelson, David Robert Nichols, Edward Leamington Nichols, Ernest Fox Nier, Alfred Otto Carl Nierenberg, William Aaron Norton, Charles Ladd Norton, William Augustus Nottingham, Wayne Buckles Nozieres, Philippe Pierre Nurmikko, Arto Veikko O’Brien, Brian Oda, Minoru Oddone, Piermaria J.

Oersted (Orsted), Hans Christian Oldenberg, Otto Ong, Nai-Phuan Onuchic, Jose Nelson Oppenheimer, J. Robert (Julius Robert) Orlov, Yuri Fyodorovich Osborne, Louis Shreve Osheroff, Douglas Dean Overhage, Carl F. J. Overhauser, Albert Warner Page, Charles Grafton Page, Leigh Pais, Abraham Pake, George Edward Panofsky, Wolfgang Kurt Hermann Parkin, Stuart Stephen Papworth Paschen, Friedrich (Louis Carl Heinrich Friedrich) Patel, (Chandra) Kumar Naranbhai Paul, Wolfgang Pauli, Wolfgang Ernst Peierls, Rudolf Ernst Pendry, John Brian Perl, Martin Lewis Perlmutter, Saul Peskin, Michael E. Pettengill, Gordon Hemenway Phillips, William Daniel Picasso, Emilio Pierce, George Washington Pinczuk, Aron Pines, David Pipkin, Francis Marion Pippard, Alfred Brian Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Poggendorff, Johann Christian Polchinski, Joseph G. Politzer, Hugh David Polyakov, Alexander M. Pound, Robert Vivian Prandtl, Ludwig Prescott, Charles Young Preston, William Munro Primakoff, Henry Pritchard, David E. Prokhorov, Alexander Mikhailovitch Pupin, Michael Idvorsky Purcell, Edward Mills

Quinn, Helen R. Rabi, Isidor Isaac Racah, Giulio Ramond, Pierre Ramsey, Norman Foster Randall, Lisa Reines, Frederick Reppy, John D. Reynolds, John Hamilton Richards, Paul Linford Richardson, Robert Coleman Richter, Burton Richtmyer, Floyd Karker Righi, Augusto Robertson, Howard Percy Robertson, R.G. Hamish Rood, Ogden Nicholas Rosenbaum, Thomas F. Rosenbluth, Marshall Nicholas Rossi, Bruno Benedetto Rotblat, Joseph Rowland, Henry Augustus Rubbia, Carlo Rutherford, Ernest Sabine, Wallace Clement Sachs, Robert Green Sagdeev, Roald Zinnurovich Sakharov, Andrei Dmitriyevich Sala, Oscar Salam, Abdus Samios, Nicholas Peter Sarabhai, Vikram Ambalal Sarachik, Myriam Paula Morgenstein Saunders, Frederick Albert Scalapino, Douglas James Schawlow, Arthur Leonard Scherrer, Paul Hermann Schiff, Leonard Isaac Schiffer, John P. Schmitt, Roland Walter Schrieffer, John Robert Schroeder, Manfred Robert Schroedinger, Erwin Schwarz, John Henry Schweber, Silvan Samuel Schwinger, Julian Seymour Schwitters, Roy Frederick Scully, Marlan O. Segre, Emilio Gino Seiberg, Nathan Seitz, Frederick Serber, Robert

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Shen, Yuen-Ron Shenker, Stephen H. Shirane, Gen Shochet, Melvyn Jay Shockley, William Bradford Shoenberg, David Shull, Clifford Glenwood Siegbahn, Kai Manne Borge Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg Simon, Franz Eugen (Francis) Simpson, John Alexander Sinai, Yakov Grigoryevich Slater, John Clarke Slichter, Charles Pence Smith, Robert Allan Smoluchowski, Roman Smyth, Henry DeWolf Sommerfeld, Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sompolinsky, Haim Sorokin, Peter Pitirimovich Steinberger, Jack Stewart, Balfour Stewart, George Walter Stockbarger, Donald Charles Stoicheff, Boris Peter Stokes, George Gabriel Stormer, Horst Ludwig Strandberg, Malcolm Woodrow Pershing Stratton, Julius Adams Stratton, Samuel Wesley Strauch, Karl Street, Jabez Curry Strominger, Andrew Strong, John Donovan Strutt, John William (Lord Rayleigh) Suhl, Harry Suits, Chauncey Guy Susskind, Leonard Sutherland, Gordon Brims Black McIvor Swinney, Harry Leonard Tamm, Igor Evgenievich Tank, David W. Taylor, Geoffrey Ingram Taylor, Richard E. Telegdi, Valentine Louis Teller, Edward Thaddeus, Patrick

Thompson, Benjamin (Count Rumford) Thomson, George Paget Thomson, Joseph John Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin) ‘t Hooft, Gerard Thorne, Kip Stephen Thouless, David James Tigner, Maury Ting, Samuel Chao Chung Tinkham, Michael Tisza, Laszlo Tomonaga, Sin-itiro Toulouse, Gerard Tousey, Richard Townes, Charles Hard Treiman, Sam Bard Trilling, George Henry Trowbridge, John Tuve, Merle Antony Uhlenbeck, George Eugene Unruh, William G. Vafa, Cumrun Vallarta, Manuel Sandoval Van Allen, James Alfred Van de Graaff, Robert Jemison Van der Meer, Simon Van Harlingen, Dale J. Van Hove, Leon Charles Prudent Van Vleck, John Hasbrouck Villars, Felix Marc Hermann Vineyard, George Hoagland Virasoro, Miguel Angel Wald, Robert Manuel Walther, Herbert Warren, Bertram Eugene Webb, Julian Hale Webb, Richard Alan Webb, Watt W. Weber, Wilhelm Edward Webster, Arthur Gordon Webster, David Locke Weinberg, Alvin Martin Weinberg, Steven Weiss, Rainer Weisskopf, Victor Frederick Weitz, David A. Weizsacker, Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Wheatstone, Charles

Wheeler, John Archibald Whiting, Harold Wick, Gian Carlo Wieman, Carl E. Wightman, Arthur Strong Wigner, Eugene Paul Wiik, Bjorn H. Wilczek, Frank Wilkins, John Warren Wilkinson, David Todd Will, Clifford M. Williams, Ellen Dudley Williams, Robert Walter Willis, William J. Wilson, Edwin Bidwell Wilson, Kenneth Geddes Wilson, Richard Wilson, Robert Rathbun Winstein, Bruce Darrell Wise, Mark Brian Witten, Edward Witten, Thomas Adams Wolff, Peter Adalbert Wood, Robert Williams Wu, Chien-Shiung Wu, Sau Lan Yu Wu, Tai Tsun Yablonovitch, Eli Yang, Chen Ning York, Herbert Frank Young, A. Peter Young, Thomas Yukawa, Hideki Zacharias, Jerrold Reinach Zachariasen, William Houlder (Fredrik William Houlder) Zamolodchikov, Alexander B. Zel’dovich, Yakov Borisovich Zeleny, John Zhang, Shoucheng Zumino, Bruno Zweig, George

Physiology and Pharmacology Adey, William Ross Adolph, Edward Frederick Agre, Peter Courtland Armstrong, Clay Margrave Astwood, Edwin Bennett Axelrod, Julius Bacon, John (1817-1881)

Barcroft, Joseph Bard, Philip Barger, Abraham Clifford Barron, Donald Henry Beidler, Lloyd M. Benedict, Francis Gano Berliner, Robert William Bern, Howard Alan Berne, Robert Matthew Bernhard, Carl Gustaf Best, Charles Herbert Blau, Helen Margaret Bourne, Henry Reid Bovet, Daniel Bowditch, Henry Pickering Brobeck, John Raymond Brookhart, John Mills Brown-Sequard, Charles Edouard Bueding, Ernest Bunker, John Wymond Miller Burg, Maurice Benjamin Campbell, Kevin Peter Cannon, Walter Bradford Carlson, Loren Daniel Carpenter, Thorne Martin Catterall, William A. Chang, Min-Chueh Cohen, Fred E. Comroe, Jr., Julius Hiram Coughlin, Shaun Robert Courrier, Robert Marie Jules Constant Dale, Henry Hallett Dalton, Jr., John Call Denton, Derek Ashworth Diamond, Jared Mason Dill, David Bruce Donders, Franz Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelis) Drinker, Cecil Kent Du Bois-Reymond, Emil Heinrich Eccles, John Carew Einthoven, Willem Elion, Gertrude Belle Erspamer, Vittorio Fenn, Wallace Osgood Flier, Jeffrey Scott Forbes, Alexander Foster, Michael Fulton, George Pearman Furchgott, Robert Francis Gasser, Herbert Spencer Giebisch, Gerhard Hans Gill, Gordon Nelson

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Gilman, Alfred Gilman, Alfred Goodman Glynn, Ian Michael Goldberg, Irving Hyman Goldstein, Avram Gottschalk, Carl William Gregory, Roderic Alfred Guillemin, Roger Charles Louis Hardy, James Daniel Harris, Geoffrey Wingfield Harvey, Edmund Newton Hechter, Oscar Milton Heiligenberg, Walter Friedrich Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand Hermann, Ludimar Hill, Archibald Vivian Hille, Bertil Hitchings, George Herbert Hoagland, Hudson Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd Hoffman, Joseph Frederick Hoskins, Roy Graham Hough, Theodore Houssay, Bernardo Alberto Howell, William Henry Huber, Franz Hunt, Reid Huxley, Andrew Fielding Ignarro, Louis Joseph Imura, Hiroo Ingle, Dwight Joyce Jellinek, Elvin Morton Jensen, Elwood Vernon Kahn, Carl Ronald Katz, Bernard Katzenellenbogen, Benita Schulman Keynes, Richard Darwin Knobil, Ernst Krayer, Otto Hermann Krogh, August (Schack August Steenberg) Kronecker, Hugo Kuhne, Willy (Wilhelm Friedrich) Landis, Eugene Markley Lapicque, Louis Edouard Leake, Chauncey Depew Li, Choh Hao Loeb, Jacques Loew, Earl Randall Lorente de No, Rafael Lowry, Oliver Howe

Ludwig, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Luft, Rolf Lyman, Charles Peirson MacNider, William de Berniere Marks, Andrew Robert Martin, Ernest Gale Martin, Henry Newell Martini, Luciano McCann, Samuel McDonald Means, Anthony Ross Mendel, Lafayette Benedict Mommaerts, Wilfried Francis Henry Maria Moruzzi, Giuseppe Munson, Paul Lewis Murad, Ferid Muralt, Alexander Ludwig von Oates, Jr., John Alexander Pappenheimer, John Richard Perl, Edward Roy Pitts, Robert Franklin Porter, William Townsend Pratt, Frederick Haven Prosser, Clifford Ladd Rahn, Hermann Rall, Joseph Edward Rapport, David Richards, Alfred Newton Roberts, Anita Bauer Roeder, Kenneth David Rosenthal, Sanford Morris Rossier, Bernard Runnstrom, John Axel Mauritz Sakmann, Bert Salter, William Thomas Schally, Andrew Victor Scharrer, Berta Vogel Schlessinger, Joseph Schmidt, Carl Frederic Schmidt-Nielsen, Bodil Mimi Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut Scholander, Per Fredrik Thorkelsson Schwann, Theodor Ambrose Hubert Schwartz, Neena Betty Scrimshaw, Nevin Stewart Short, Roger Valentine Silverstein, Samuel Charles Sizer, Irwin Whiting

Smith, Homer William Sokoloff, Louis Solandt, Omond McKillop Sollmann, Torald Hermann Steinbach, Henry Burr Stiles, Percy Goldthwait Talalay, Paul Tenney, Stephen Marsh Teorell, Torsten (Erik Torsten Augustinus) Tomita, Tsuneo Tosteson, Daniel Charles Tsien, Richard Winyu Valentin, Gabriel Gustav Vane, John Robert Varki, Ajit P. Visscher, Maurice Bolks Vogt, Marthe Louise von Euler, Ulf Svante Weber, Hans Hermann Julius Wilhelm Westheimer, Gerald Wyman, Leland Clifton

Plant Sciences Abrams, LeRoy Agardh, Jacob Georg Alexopoulos, Constantine John Ames, Oakes Anderson, Edgar Shannon Arnon, Daniel Israel Arthur, Joseph Charles Ashby, Eric (Baron) Ashton, Peter Shaw Axelrod, Daniel Isaac Bailey, Irving Widmer Bailey, Jacob Whitman Bailey, Liberty Hyde Baker, Herbert George Baldwin, Henry Ives Barghoorn, Jr., Elso Sterrenberg Barrett, Spencer Charles Hilton Barton, Benjamin Smith Beevers, Harry Bentham, George Bergen, Joseph Young Bergius, Petter Jonas Berry, Edward Wilber Bigelow, Jacob Billings, William Dwight Bjorkman, Olle Erik Blakeslee, Albert Francis

Blinks, Lawrence Rogers Bogorad, Lawrence Bold, Harold Charles Bonner, James Frederick Boott, Francis Borlaug, Norman Ernest Bornet, Jean Baptiste Edouard Borthwick, Harry Alfred Bower, Frederick Orpen Boysen-Jensen, Peter Branton, Daniel Joseph Braun, Alexander Carl Heinrich Braun, Armin Charles John Briggs, Winslow Russell Briquet, John Isaac Britton, Nathaniel Lord Brown, Robert Burrill, Thomas Jonathan Campbell, Douglas Houghton Candolle, Alphonse Louis Pierre de Castle, Edward Sears Chandler, Jr., Robert Flint Chapman, Alvan Wentworth Cheadle, Vernon Irvin Chory, Joanne Clarke, Adrienne Elizabeth Clausen, Jens Christian Clayton, Roderick Keener Cleland, Ralph Erskine Clinton, George Perkins Collins, Frank Shipley Constance, Lincoln Coulter, John Merle Cummings, Ralph Waldo Curtis, Moses Ashley Davenport, George Edward Davis, Bradley Moore Decaisne, Joseph Dewey, Chester Diels, Ludwig Diener, Theodor Otto Dodge, Bernard Ogilvie Eames, Arthur Johnson East, Edward Murray Eaton, Daniel Cady Ehrendorfer, Friedrich Eichler, August Wilhelm Elliott, Stephen Emerson, George Barrell Emerson, Ralph Emerson, Robert

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Emerson, Rollins Adams Endlicher, Stephan Ladislaus Engelmann, George Engler, Adolph Gustav Heinrich Esau, Katherine Evans, Alexander William Evert, Ray Franklin Farlow, William Gilson Faull, Joseph Horace Faxon, Charles Edward Fernald, Merritt Lyndon Fisher, Richard Thornton Florin, Rudolf (Carl Rudolf) Foster, Adriance Sherwood French, Charles Stacy Frey-Wyssling, Albert Friedrich Fries, Elias Magnus Galston, Arthur William Ganong, William Francis Gast, Paul Rupert Gibbs, Martin Giles, Norman Henry Goddard, David Rockwell Godwin, Harry Gomez-Pompa, Arturo Goodale, George Lincoln Goodwin, Richard Hale Grant, Verne Edwin Gray, Asa Hall, Harvey Monroe Harper, John Lander Harper, Robert Almer Harrar, Jacob George Heer, Oswald Heslop-Harrison, John Hitchcock, Albert Spear Hoagland, Dennis Robert Hofmeister, Wilhelm Friedrich Benedict Hooker, Joseph Dalton Hooker, William Jackson Horsfall, James Gordon Howard, Richard Alden Jack, John George Jagendorf, Andre Tridon James, Thomas Potts Jeffrey, Edward Charles Jepson, Willis Linn Johnston, Ivan Murray Jones, Donald Forsha Jussieu, Adrien Henry Laurent de Kelman, Arthur

Knoll, Andrew Herbert Kok, Bessel Kramer, Paul Jackson Kursanov, Andrei Lvovich Kustu, Sydney Govons Lamb, Ivan Mackenzie (I. Mackenzie) Lambert, Fred Dayton Lang, Anton Lange, Otto Ludwig Lesquereux, Leo Lindley, John Lipman, Jacob Goodale Livingston, Burton Edward Lloyd, David Graham Lundegardh, Henrik Gunnar Lyman, George Richard Maheshwari, Panchanan Mangelsdorf, Paul Christoph Mann, Horace (1844-1868) Manton, Irene Martius, Karl Friedrich Phillip von Maximowicz (Maksimovic), Carl Johann Maxon, William Ralph Merrill, Elmer Drew Meyerowitz, Elliot M. Miyabe, Kingo Mohl, Hugo von Mrak, Emil Marcel Mueller, Ferdinand von (Baron) Naegeli, Carl Wilhelm von Newcomb, Eldon Henry Oakes, William Ogren, William Lewis Olney, Stephen Thayer Ostenfeld, Carl Hansen Osterhout, Winthrop John Vanleuven Parodi, Lorenzo Raimundo Peirce, George James Pfeffer, Wilhelm Friedrich Philipp Piper, Charles Vancouver Porsild, Alf Erling Pringle, Cyrus Guernsey Raper, John Robert Raper, Kenneth Bryan Raup, Hugh Miller Raven, Peter Hamilton Rehder, Alfred Rendle, Alfred Barton

Renner, Otto Rhoades, Marcus Morton Riddle, Lincoln Ware Risser, Paul Gillan Robbins, William Jacob Robertson, Rutherford Ness Robinson, Benjamin Lincoln Rollins, Reed Clark Russell, John Lewis Sachs, Julius von Sahni, Birbal Saporta, Louis Charles Joseph Gaston, Marquis de Sargent, Charles Sprague Sax, Karl Schiff, Jerome Arnold Schmitt, Johanna M. Schultes, Richard Evans Sears, Ernest Robert Sears, Paul Bigelow Setchell, William Albert Seward, Albert Charles Seymour, Arthur Bliss Short, Charles Wilkins Siegelman, Harold William Simpson, Beryl Brintnall Sinnott, Edmund Ware Skoog, Folke Karl Smith, Albert Charles Smith, Erwin Frink Smith, Gilbert Morgan Smith, John Donnell Smith, William Wright Solms-Laubach, Hermann Graf zu Spoehr, Herman Augustus Sprague, Charles James Srb, Adrian Morris Stadler, Lewis John Stakman, Elvin Charles Stebbins, Sr., George Ledyard Steere, William Campbell Steward, Frederick Campion Strasburger, Eduard Adolf Sturgis, William Codman Sullivant, William Starling Swain, Tony Swanson, Carl Pontius Swartz, Olof Peter Taylor, William Randolph Thaxter, Roland Thimann, Kenneth Vivian

Tippo, Oswald Torrey, John Torrey, John Gordon Trelease, William Tuckerman, Edward Urban, Ignatz Varner, Joseph Elmer Vasey, George Verdoorn, Frans Vries, Hugo de Waggoner, Paul Edward Wagner, Jr., Warren Herbert Wardlaw, Claude Wilson Warming, Johannes Eugenius Bulow Watson, Sereno Weatherby, Charles Alfred Went, Frits Warmolt Wessler, Susan R. Weston, Jr., William Henry Wetmore, Ralph Hartley Wettstein, Richard White, Philip Rodney White, William Lawrence Willey, Henry Wilson, Ernest Henry Wortman, Sterling (Leo Sterling) Yeager, Albert Franklin Zelitch, Israel Zimmermann, Martin Huldrych

Political Science/ International Relations Achen, Christopher Henry Adams, Ruth Salzman Aldrich, John Allen, Danielle Almond, Gabriel Abraham Alt, James Edward Altshuler, Alan Anthony Anderson, Benedict R. O’Gorman Ansolabehere, Stephen D. Apter, David Ernest Arendt, Hannah Arnold, R. Douglas Aron, Raymond Claude Ferdinand Austen-Smith, David Axelrod, Robert M.

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Bailey, Stephen Kemp Ball, Mary Margaret Banfield, Edward Christie Barker, Ernest Barker, Lucius Barry, Brian Michael Bartels, Larry Martin Bates, Robert Hinrichs Bator, Francis Michael Beck, Nathaniel Beer, Samuel Hutchison Beitz, Charles R. Bendor, Jonathan Benhabib, Seyla Berger, Suzanne Bernstein, Marver Hillel Bialer, Seweryn Bienen, Henry Samuel Binder, Leonard Blakeslee, George Hubbard Blank, Rebecca Blondel, Jean Fernand Pierre Boix, Carles Bosworth, Stephen W. Bracher, Karl Dietrich Brady, David W. Brady, Henry E. Brodie, Bernard Brody, Richard Alan Brogan, Denis William Brown, Archibald Haworth (Archie) Brzezinski, Zbigniew Buchan, Alastair Francis Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce J. Bunce, Valerie Jane Bundy, McGeorge Burnham, Walter Dean Burns, James MacGregor Burns, Nancy Butler, David Edgeworth Cain, Bruce Edward Carey, John M. Carmines, Edward G. Carnesale, Albert Carr, Robert Kenneth Carter, Ashton Baldwin Carter, Gwendolen Margaret Castaneda, Jorge G. Cherington, Charles Richards Cohen, Joshua Cole, Robert Taylor Coleman, James Smoot

Collier, David Collier, Ruth Berins Colton, Timothy J. Converse, Philip Ernest Cox, Gary Walter Crane, Robert Treat Cranston, Maurice William Cushman, Robert Eugene Daalder, Hans Dahl, Robert Alan Dawson, Michael C. Derthick, Martha Ann Deutsch, Karl Wolfgang Doyle, Michael William Druckman, James N. Dunn, John Montfort Duverger, Maurice Easton, David Eckstein, Harry Eldersveld, Samuel James Elliott III, William Yandell Ellwood, David Tabor Elshtain, Jean Bethke Elster, Jon Emerson, Rupert Epstein, Lee Epstein, Leon David Erikson, Robert S. Eulau, Heinz Fainsod, Merle Fearon, James D. Fenno, Jr., Richard Francis Ferejohn, John Arthur Fesler, James William Finnemore, Martha Fiorina, Morris Paul Fox, William Thornton Rickert Freeman, John R. Friedrich, Carl Joachim Galston, William Arthur Gaus, John Merriman George, Alexander Lawrence Gerber, Alan S. Gerber, Elisabeth R. Gilpin, Robert George Goguel, Francois Ferdinand Goodnow, Frank Johnson Goodrich, Leland Matthew Gourevitch, Peter Alexis Green, Donald Philip Greenstein, Fred Irwin Grofman, Bernard Norman

Gross, Leo Gutmann, Amy Haas, Ernst Bernard Haines, Charles Grove Hamilton, Charles Vernon Hansen, John Mark Hardin, Russell Hartz, Louis Hassner, Pierre Heclo, Hugh (Henry Hugh) Hensler, Deborah R. Herring, Pendleton (Edward Pendleton) Hochschild, Jennifer Lucy Hoffmann, Stanley Harry Holcombe, Arthur Norman Holden, Jr., Matthew Holmes, Stephen Taylor Huntington, Samuel Phillips Hutchings, Vincent Lamont Inglehart, Ronald F. Isaacs, Harold Robert Jackson, John E. Jacobson, Gary C. Jacobson, Harold Karan Jennings, M. Kent Jervis, Robert Johnson, Chalmers Ashby Jones, Charles Oscar Kahin, George McTurnan Kalyvas, Stathis N. Kateb, George Anthony Katz, Jonathan N. Katzenstein, Peter Joachim Katznelson, Ira Kaufman, Herbert Kelley, Jr., Stanley Keohane, Robert Owen Key, Jr., Valdimer Orlando Khalidi, Walid Ahmad Kilson, Martin Kinder, Donald R. King, Anthony King, Gary Kingdon, John Wells Kissinger, Henry Alfred Kitschelt, Herbert P. Kramer, Gerald Holmes Kramnick, Isaac Krasner, Stephen D. Krehbiel, Keith Laitin, David Dennis Lake, David A.

Lambie, Morris Bryan Lane, Robert Edwards LaPalombara, Joseph Lasswell, Harold Dwight Latham, Earl Ganson Laver, Michael John Legvold, Robert Henry Levi, Margaret Lieber, Francis Lijphart, Arend Lindblom, Charles Edward Lipset, Seymour Martin Lodge, Milton Loewenberg, Gerhard Lowenthal, Richard Lowi, Theodore Jay Lupia, Arthur MacFarquhar, Roderick Lemonde MacIver, Robert Morrison MacMahon, Arthur Whittier MacRae, Jr., Duncan Mainwaring, Scott P. Mann, Thomas Edward Mansbridge, Jane Jebb Maravall, José María Maruyama, Masao Mason, Alpheus Thomas Matthews, Donald Rowe Mayhew, David Raymond McCarty, Nolan McCloskey, Robert Green McClosky, Herbert McCubbins, Mathew D. McKelvey, Richard Drummond Mearsheimer, John Joseph Merriam, Charles Edward Miller, Steven E. Miller, Warren Edward Milner, Helen V. Mirkine-Guetzevitch, Boris Moe, Terry M. Morgenthau, Hans Joachim Mosely, Philip Edward Mueller, John Ernest Munro, William Bennett Mutz, Diana Carole Neumann, Sigmund Neustadt, Richard Elliott Nie, Norman H. Niemi, Richard G. Nye, Jr., Joseph Samuel Oakeshott, Michael Joseph

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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O’Donnell, Guillermo Alberto Offe, Claus Ordeshook, Peter Carl Ornstein, Norman Jay Ostrom, Elinor Overacker, Louise Padelford, Norman Judson Page, Benjamin Ingrim Page, Scott E. Palfrey, Thomas R. Pateman, Carole Perham, Margery Freda Perry, Elizabeth J. Peterson, Paul Elliott Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel Polsby, Nelson Woolf Pool, Ithiel de Sola Poole, Keith T. Posen, Barry R. Powell, Jr., G. Bingham (George Bingham) Powell, Robert L. Prewitt, Kenneth Price, Jr., Don Krasher Pritchett, Charles Herman Przeworski, Adam Putnam, Robert David Pye, Lucian Wilmot Quandt, William B. Rae, Douglas Whiting Ranney, Joseph Austin Rathjens, George William Riker, William Harrison Roberts, Edward Adam Robinson, James A. Roemer, John E. Rogowski, Ronald Lynn Rohde, David W. Romer, Thomas Rose, Richard Rosenblum, Nancy Lipton Rosenbluth, Frances McCall Rosenstone, Steven J. Rosenthal, Howard Lewis Rossiter, Clinton Lawrence Rowe, Leo Stanton Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber Ruggie, John Gerard Russett, Bruce Martin Sagan, Scott D. Samuels, Richard J. Sandel, Michael J. Sapiro, Virginia Sartori, Giovanni

Saxonhouse, Arlene Warmbrunn Sayre, Wallace Stanley Scalapino, Robert Anthony Schapiro, Leonard Bertram Scharpf, Fritz W. Schattschneider, Elmer Eric Schlozman, Kay Lehman Schofield, Norman J. Scott, James C. Sears, David O’Keefe Segal, Jeffrey A. Segura, Gary Michael Shalala, Donna Edna Shapiro, Ian Shapiro, Martin Mathew Shattuck, John Shepsle, Kenneth A. Shklar, Judith Nisse Shulman, Marshall Darrow Sikkink, Kathryn A. Simmons, Beth Ann Sinclair, Barbara Skolnikoff, Eugene Bertram Skowronek, Stephen Smith, Rogers M. Sniderman, Paul M. Snyder, Jack L. Snyder, Jr., James M. Sorauf, Frank J. Spar, Debora L. Stein, Janice Gross Steinbruner, John David Stepan, Alfred C. Stewart III, Charles Haines Stewart, Robert Burgess Stimson, James A. Stoke, Harold Walter Stokes, Donald Elkinton Stokes, Susan Carol Strauss, Leo Sullivan, John L. Sumner, William Graham Sundquist, James Lloyd Tarrow, Sidney G. Tetlock, Philip E. Thompson, Dennis Frank Thompson, Kenneth Winfred Truman, David Bicknell Tucker, Robert Charles Tucker, Robert Warren Tufte, Edward Rolf Ulam, Adam Bruno Ullman, Richard Henry

Verba, Sidney Wallerstein, Michael Jonathan Walt, Stephen M. Waltz, Kenneth Neal Walzer, Michael Laban Wambaugh, Sarah Ward, Robert Edward Waterbury, John Watkins, Frederick Mundell Weiner, Myron Weingast, Barry R. Weir, Margaret White, Leonard Dupee Whittington, Keith E. Wild, Jr., Payson Sibley Wildavsky, Aaron Bernard Wilensky, Harold L. Willoughby, Westel Woodbury Willoughby, William Franklin Wilson, James Quinn Wolfinger, Raymond Edwin Wolin, Sheldon Sanford Wood, Elisabeth Jean Wood, Robert Coldwell Wright, Benjamin Fletcher Wright, Quincy Yankelovich, Daniel Yeomans, Henry Aaron Young, M. Crawford (Merwin Crawford) Zaller, John Raymond Zimmern, Alfred Eckhard

Psychology/ Education Abelson, Robert Paul Adler, Nancy E. Ainsworth, Mary Dinsmore Salter Allport, Gordon Willard Anderson, John Robert Angell, James Rowland Arnheim, Rudolf Aronson, Elliot Asch, Solomon Elliot Aslin, Richard N. Atkinson, John William Atkinson, Richard Chatham Baddeley, Alan David

Baillargeon, Renée Baird, John Wallace Baltes, Paul B. Banaji, Mahzarin Rustam Bandura, Albert Bargh, John Andrew Bartlett, Frederic Charles Bartoshuk, Linda May Bauer, Raymond Augustine Beach, Frank Ambrose Beck, Aaron T. Beebe-Center, John Gilbert Berkowitz, Leonard Berscheid, Ellen S. Bettelheim, Bruno Bevan, William Blough, Donald Sommers Boring, Edwin Garrigues Bower, Gordon Howard Bowerman, Melissa Foster Bradburn, Norman Marshall Brewer, Marilynn B. Bronfenbrenner, Urie Bronner, Augusta Fox (Mrs. William Healy) Brown, Roger William Bruce, Henry Addington Bayley Bruner, Jerome Seymour Bryson, Lyman Lloyd Cacioppo, John Terrance Campbell, Albert Angus Campbell, Donald Thomas Carey, Susan E. Carmichael, Leonard Cartwright, Dorwin Philip Cattell, James McKeen Clark, Herbert Horace Clark, Kenneth Bancroft Clore, Gerald L. Cole, Michael Converse, Philip Ernest Coombs, Clyde Hamilton Cooper, Lynn A. Cronbach, Lee Joseph Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly Curle, Adam (Charles Thomas William Adam) Darley, John M. Davidson, Richard J. Davis, Allison (William Allison) Dawes, Robyn Mason Dearborn, Walter Fenno Delabarre, Edmund Burke

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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DeLoache, Judy S. Dews, Peter Booth Diamond, Shari Seidman Diener, Edward Francis Dodge, Raymond Dollard, John Doob, Leonard William Duncan, Greg J. Dweck, Carol S. Eagly, Alice Hendrickson Ellsworth, Phoebe Clemencia Erikson, Erik Homburger Estes, William Kaye Festinger, Leon Fiske, Susan T. Flavell, John Hurley Frank, Lawrence Kelso Freud, Anna Frijda, Nico Fussler, Herman Howe Gallistel, Charles R. Gardner, Howard Earl Garmezy, Norman Gelman, Rochel Gelman, Susan A. Gentner, Dedre Gibson, Eleanor Jack Gibson, James Jerome Gilbert, Daniel Todd Gilovich, Thomas D. Gleitman, Lila R. Goldin-Meadow, Susan J. Graham, Clarence Henry Graham, Norma Van Surdam Green, David Marvin Greenwald, Anthony G. Guthrie, Jr., Edwin Ray Hall, Granville Stanley Harlow, Harry Frederick Hastie, Reid Hastorf, Albert Herman Healy, William Hebb, Donald Olding Hedges, Larry V. Heider, Fritz Held, Richard Marx Herrnstein, Richard Julius Hetherington, Eileen Mavis Higgins, E. Tory Hilgard, Ernest Ropiequet Hochberg, Julian Hofstadter, Douglas R. Holmes, Henry Wyman Holzman, Philip Seidman

House, James Stephen Hovland, Carl Iver Hull, Clark Leonard Hunter, Walter Samuel Hurvich, Leo Maurice Husen, Torsten Huttenlocher, Janellen Inhelder, Barbel Elisabeth Jackson, James Sidney Jahoda, Marie Janet, Pierre Marie Felix Janis, Irving Lester Jones, Edward Ellsworth Jones, Lyle Vincent Julesz, Bela Kadane, Joseph B. Kagan, Jerome Kahn, Robert Louis Kahneman, Daniel Katz, Daniel Keen, Rachel Kelley, Harold Harding Kelley, Truman Lee Keniston, Kenneth Kenny, David A. Keppel, Francis Kessen, William Kinder, Donald R. Kitayama, Shinobu Kluver, Heinrich Koffka, Kurt Kohler, Wolfgang Kosslyn, Stephen Michael Krauss, Robert M. Krosnick, Jon Alexander Krumhansl, Carol L. Landau, Barbara Lashley, Karl Spencer LeDoux, Joseph E. Lehrman, Daniel Sanford Lepper, Mark Roger Leslie, Alan Miller Liberman, Alvin Meyer Licklider, Joseph Carl Robnett Likert, Rensis Lindsley, Donald Benjamin Lindzey, Gardner Loewenstein, George Loftus, Elizabeth F. Luce, R. Duncan (Robert Duncan) Luhrmann, Tanya Marie Maccoby, Eleanor Emmons Mandler, George Mandler, Jean Matter

March, James Gardner Markman, Ellen M. Markus, Hazel Rose Marquis, Donald George May, Mark Arthur Mayo, Elton (George Elton) McCartney, Kathleen McClelland, David Clarence McClintock, Martha K. McDougall, William McGaugh, James Lafayette McGregor, Douglas Murray McGuire, William J. Mead, Leonard Chapin Medin, Douglas L. Meehl, Paul Everett Mehler, Jacques Meltzoff, Andrew N. Milgram, Stanley Miller, George Armitage Miller, Neal Elgar Mischel, Walter Muller, Georg Elias Munsterberg, Hugo Murphy, Gardner Murray, Henry Alexander Nakayama, Ken Neff, William Duwayne Neisser, Ulric Neugarten, Bernice Levin Neville, Helen J. Newcomb, Theodore Mead Newcombe, Nora S. Newman, Edwin Broomell Newport, Elissa L. Nisbett, Richard Eugene Norman, Donald Arthur O’Connor, Johnson Olds, James Osgood, Charles Egerton Petrides, Michael Petty, Richard Edward Pfaffmann, Carl Piaget, Jean Pieron, Henri Posner, Michael I. Pratt, Carroll Cornelius Pribram, Karl Harry Rapoport, Anatol Raudenbush, Stephen W. Rescorla, Robert A. Richter, Curt Paul Riecken, Henry William Riggs, Lorrin Andrews

Rodin, Judith Seitz Roe, Anne Roediger III, Henry L. Rogers, Carl Ransom Rosenthal, Robert Ross, Lee David Rozin, Paul Rumelhart, David E. Scarr, Sandra Wood Schachter, Stanley Schacter, Daniel Lawrence Scherer, Klaus R. Schlosberg, Harold Schneirla, Theodore Christian Schwarz, Norbert Sears, Robert Richardson Shepard, Roger Newland Shiffrin, Richard Martin Shulman, Lee S. Shweder, Richard Allan Sidanius, James H. Simon, Herbert Alexander Skinner, Burrhus Frederic Slobin, Dan I. Smith, Edward Eugene Smith, Linda B. Smith, Payson Smuts, Barbara Boardman Snow, Catherine Elizabeth Sokolov, Eugene Nikolaievich Solomon, Richard Lester Spaulding, Francis Trow Spelke, Elizabeth Shilin Spence, Janet Taylor Sperber, Dan Sperry, Roger Wolcott Steele, Claude Mason Stellar, Eliot Sternberg, Robert Jeffrey Stevens, Stanley Smith Stevenson, Harold William Swets, John Arthur Tanenhaus, Michael K. Taylor, Shelley Elizabeth Terman, Lewis Madison Tetlock, Philip E. Teuber, Hans-Lukas Thibaut, John Walter Thompson, Richard Frederick Thomson, Godfrey Hilton Thorndike, Edward Lee Thurstone, Louis Leon Tolman, Edward Chace Treisman, Anne

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Trope, Yaacov Trow, Martin Tulving, Endel Tversky, Amos Tyler, Ralph Winfred Ulich, Robert von Bekesy, Georg von Hofsten, Claes Wandell, Brian A. Watson, John Broadus Waxman, Sandra Robin Wegner, Daniel Merton Wellman, Henry M. Wells, Frederic Lyman Werner, Heinz Wertsch, James V. Wever, Ernest Glen White, Robert Winthrop Whiting, John Wesley Mayhew Wilson, Howard Eugene Wilson, Timothy D. Woodworth, Robert Sessions Yankelovich, Daniel Yerkes, Robert Mearns Zajonc, Robert Boleslaw Zigler, Edward Frank Zimbardo, Philip G. Zinchenko, Vladimir Petrovich

Public Affairs, Administration, and Policy

(Governmental and Intergovernmental) Abramowitz, Morton I. Acheson, Dean Gooderham Adachi, Mineichiro Adams, Charles Francis (1807-1886) Adams, John (1735-1826) Adams, John Quincy Adams, Samuel Aga Khan, Sadruddin (Prince) Albright, Madeleine Korbel Almada, Jose de

Almodovar del Rio, Pedro Francisco Jimenez de Gongora y Lujan, Duque de Amato, Giuliano Ames, Fisher Andrews, Stephen Pearl Annan, Kofi A. Axworthy, Lloyd Bacon, John (1738-1820) Badinter, Robert Bailey, Elizabeth Ellery Baker, James A. Balfour, Arthur James Barbe-Marbois, Francois Marquis Belaunde y Diez Canceco, Victor Andres Bennet, Jr., Douglas Joseph Bertini, Catherine Ann Bierbaum, Rosina M. Bigelow, Timothy Bloomberg, Michael R. Bohlen, Charles Eustis Boruch, Robert F. Bosworth, Stephen W. Boutwell, George Sewall Bowdoin, James (17261790) Bowdoin, James (17521811) Bowles, Chester Bliss Brademas, John Bradley, Bill Bredesen, Philip N. Brissot de Warville, Jacques Pierre Broglie, (Charles) Jacques Victor Albert, Duc de Brooke, Edward William Brooks, Harvey Brown, Harold Bruning, Heinrich Bunche, Ralph Johnson Bundy, William Putnam Bunker, Ellsworth Bunsen, Christian Carl Josias, Freiherr von Burns, R. Nicholas Cabot, John Moors Calderon de la Barca, Angel Cardoso, Fernando Henrique Carrington, Peter Alexander Rupert (Right Honorable Lord)

Carter, Jr., James Earl (Jimmy) Casteen III, John T. Castiglioni, Luigi Castle, Jr., William Richards Cavanagh, Richard E. Chaskalson, Arthur Chastellux, Francois Jean, Marquis de Christopher, Warren Churchill, Winston Clark, Joseph Sill Claudel, Paul Louis Charles Marie Clay, Lucius Dubignon Clifford, Clark McAdams Clinton, DeWitt Clinton, Hillary Rodham Clinton, William Jefferson Clough, Gerald Wayne Cobb, David Correa de Serra, Jose Francisco Cowan, Geoffrey Cushing, Caleb Cushing, Thomas Daddario, Emilio Quincy Danielson, Timothy De Gijselaar (Gyselaer), Cornelis Dearborn, Henry Alexander Scammel Delano, Frederic Adrian Dexter, Samuel (17611816) Dillon, C. Douglas (Clarence Douglas) Djerejian, Edward P. Drayton, William Drew, Edward Bangs Dumas, Charles William Frederick Eban, Abba Eikenberry, Karl W. Ellsworth, Oliver Erving, William Etombe (L’Etombe), Joseph Philippe de l’ Evans, Daniel Jackson Evatt, Herbert Vere Everett, Alexander Hill Everett, Edward Felten, Edward W. Ferre, Luis Alberto Ferriero, David S. Flanders, Ralph Edward

Fleishman, Joel Lawrence Foch, Ferdinand Forbes, John Murray Franklin, Benjamin Fremont, John Charles Fri, Robert W. Gardner, Henry Gates, Robert Michael Gavin, James Maurice Gelb, Leslie Howard Gerry, Elbridge Gibbons, John H. (Jack) Gilbert, Davies Gladstone, William Ewart Golden, William Theodore Goodpaster, Andrew Jackson Gore, Jr., Albert A. Gore, Christopher Granchain (Liberge de Granchain), Guillaume Jacques Constant de Liberge de, Comte de Gray, Francis Calley (17901856) Gray, John Chipman (1793-1881) Green, Theodore Francis Greenstein, Robert M. Grew, Joseph Clark Groves, Robert M. Guizot, Francois Pierre Guillaume Gullion, Edmund Asbury Haldane, Viscount Haldane of Cloan, Richard Burdon Hallstein, Walter Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, Lee Herbert Hammarskjold, Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hancock, John Harriman, William Averell Harris, Patricia Roberts Hassel, Johann Georg Heinrich Havel, Vaclav Hazard, Ebenezer Heineman, Jr., Benjamin Walter Herter, Christian Archibald Higginson, Thomas Wentworth Hoar, George Frisbie Hobhouse, Benjamin

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Holbrooke, Richard Charles Albert Holdren, John Paul Howard, John Humphrey, Hubert Horatio Humphreys, David Hupsch (HupschLontzen), Johann Wilhelm Karl Adolph, Freiherr von Jackson, Jonathan Jefferson, Thomas Jenkins, Roy Harris Johnson, Joseph Esrey Kean, Thomas H. Keeny, Jr., Spurgeon Milton Kennan, George Frost Kennedy, Edward Moore Kennedy, John Pendleton Kennedy, John Fitzgerald Kilham, Daniel King, Jr., Martin Luther King, Rufus Knox, Henry Kunin, Madeleine May Laber, Jeri Lidsky Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lane, Neal Francis Lansdowne, William PettyFitzmaurice, Marquis of (2nd Earl of Shelburne) Leach, James Albert Smith Lee, Arthur Levitt, Jr., Arthur Lie, Trygve Halvdan Lilienthal, David Eli Lincoln, Benjamin Lincoln, Levi (1749-1820) Lincoln, Levi (1782-1868) Linowitz, Sol Myron Livingston, William Lleras Camargo, Alberto Lloyd, James Lodge, Henry Cabot Logue, Edward Joseph Long, John Davis Lougheed, E. Peter (Edgar Peter) Luers, William Henry Luzerne, Anne Cesar de la Malik, Charles Habib Mandela, Nelson Mann, Horace (1796-1859)

Marjolin, Robert Ernest Marsh, George Perkins Massey, Vincent (Charles Vincent) McHenry, Donald F. McNamara, Robert Strange Miles, Edward L. Mills, Ogden Livingston Minehan, Cathy E. Mitchell, George John Mitchill, Samuel Latham Monnet, Jean Omer Marie Moreno, Manuel Morris, Charles Moynihan, Daniel Patrick Muskie, Edmund Sixtus Nehru, Jawaharlal Neier, Aryeh Neureiter, Norman P. Nitze, Paul Henry Nunn, Sam (Samuel Augustus Nunn, Jr.) Oliver, Andrew Ornstein, Norman Jay Osgood, Samuel Otis, Harrison Gray Paine, Robert Treat (17311814) Partridge, George Paterson, William Patten, Christopher Francis Pearson, Lester Bowles Perry, William James Peters, Andrew James Peterson, Peter G. Phillips, Christopher Hallowell Phillips, John Phillips, Samuel Phillips, William Pickering, John (17401811) Pickering, Timothy Pickman, Benjamin Poincare, Raymond Poinsett, Joel Roberts Polasky, A. Stephen Powell, Colin Luther Prescott, William Quincy, Edmund Quincy, Josiah Rabinovich, Itamar Raines, Franklin Delano Ravitch, Diane Silvers Reading, Marquess of, Rufus Daniel Isaac

Reed, John Reilly, William K. Reuss, Henry Schoellkopf Rice, Condoleezza Rodgers, John (1812-1882) Rosenberg, Tina Ruckelshaus, William Doyle Rudman, Warren Bruce Saltonstall, Leverett (17831845) Saltonstall, Leverett (18921979) Sarbanes, Paul Spyros Sargent, Winthrop Schmidt, Helmut Sedgwick, Theodore Shalala, Donna Edna Shaw, Samuel Simms, Margaret C. Simon, Jules Francois Simpson, Joanne Sinclair (Baronet), John Smith, Margaret Chase Soedjatmoko, Spaak, Paul-Henri Sparhawk, John Stevenson, Adlai Ewing Strobel, Edward Henry Strong, Caleb Struve, Peter Bernhardov (Pyotr Berngardovich) Sullivan, James Sullivan, Richard Sullivan, William Sumner, Charles Talbott III, Nelson Strobridge Talcott, George Tenney, Samuel Thant, U Thiers, Louis Adolph Thomson, John Adam Torres Bodet, Jaime Treadwell, John Trevelyan, George Otto Trumbull, Jonathan (17101785) Trumbull, Jonathan (17401809) Tyler, William Royall Vance, Cyrus Roberts Volcker, Paul A. Wallenstein, Julius von (Baron) Warren, James Washington, George

Washington, Warren Morton Waterman, Alan Tower Waters, Alice Waxman, Seth Paul Weare, Meshech Weaver, Robert Clifton Webster, Daniel Weidenbaum, Murray L. Welles, Sumner (Benjamin Sumner) Wells, Nathaniel Williams, Shirley Vivien Teresa Brittain (Baroness Williams of Crosby) Wilson, Woodrow Winthrop, Robert Charles Wirth, Timothy Endicott York, Herbert Frank Young, Andrew Jackson

Sociology/ Demography Abbott, Andrew Bales, Robert Freed Baltzell, E. Digby (Edward Digby) Bearman, Peter Shawn Becker, Howard S. Bell, Daniel Bellah, Robert Neelly Ben-David, Joseph Bendix, Reinhard Berelson, Bernard Reuben Berger, Peter Ludwig Blake, Judith Kincade Blalock, Jr., Hubert Morse Blau, Peter Michael Bloom, David Elliot Bobo, Lawrence D. Boudon, Raymond Bourdieu, Pierre Bourricaud, Francois Michel Brubaker, Rogers Bryk, Anthony S. Bumpass, Larry Lee Burt, Ronald Stuart Campbell, Albert Angus Cicourel, Aaron Victor Clark, Samuel Delbert Clark, William Arthur V. Clausen, John Adam Cole, Jonathan Richard Coleman, James Samuel

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Collins, Randall Cook, Karen Schweers Cook, Thomas Dixon Coser, Lewis Alfred Cromwell, Adelaide M. (elected as A. C. Hill; 1973-1993 listed as A. C. Gulliver) Crozier, Michel Dahrendorf, Ralf Gustav Danziger, Sheldon H. Davis, Kingsley DiMaggio, Paul Dore, Ronald Philip Duncan, Otis Dudley Eisenstadt, Shmuel Noah Elder, Jr., Glen Holl Esping-Andersen, Gøsta Evans, Peter Brandt Farley, Reynolds Featherman, David Lee Fienberg, Stephen Elliott Fischer, Claude S. Fligstein, Neil D. Foner, Nancy Ford, James Fox, Renee Claire Freedman, Ronald Furstenberg, Jr., Frank F. Gamson, William A. Gans, Herbert Julius Germani, Gino Giddens, Anthony Glass, David Victor Glazer, Nathan Glueck, Eleanor Touroff Goffman, Erving Manual Goode, William J. Goodman, Leo A. Granovetter, Mark Groves, Robert M. Guttman, Louis Eliahu Hagan, John Lee Halsey, Albert Henry Hannan, Michael Thomas Hauser, Philip Morris Hauser, Robert Mason Hawley, Amos Henry Hechter, Michael Norman Hirschman, Charles Homans, George Caspar Hout, Michael Hughes, Everett Cherrington Hyman, Herbert Hiram Inkeles, Alex Janowitz, Morris

Jencks, Christopher Katz, Elihu Keyfitz, Nathan Kish, Leslie Kohn, Melvin Lester Latour, Bruno Lazarsfeld, Paul Felix Lee, Ronald Demos Lenski, Jr., Gerhard Emmanuel Lepenies, Wolf Lieberson, Stanley Likert, Rensis Lincoln, Charles Eric Linz, Juan Jose Lipset, Seymour Martin Luker, Kristin Mare, Robert Denis Massey, Douglas Steven Mayer, Karl Ulrich Mayntz, Renate McAdam, Doug Mechanic, David Menken, Jane Ava Merton, Robert King Meyerson, Martin Moore, Wilbert Ellis Moskos, Charles C. Newcomb, Theodore Mead Newman, Katherine S. Nisbet, Robert Alexander Notestein, Frank Wallace Nowak, Stefan O’Dea, Thomas Francis Ogburn, William Fielding Palloni, Alberto Park, Robert Ezra Parsons, Talcott Patterson, Orlando Perez-Diaz, Victor Portes, Alejandro Preston, Samuel Hulse Reiss, Jr., Albert John Reskin, Barbara Riesman, David Riley, Matilda White Rocher, Guy Rokkan, Stein Rossi, Alice S. Rossi, Peter Henry Rowntree, Benjamin Seebohm Runciman (Runciman of Doxford), Walter Garrison Ryder, Norman Burston Sampson, Robert J.

Sauvy, Alfred Schudson, Michael Schuman, Howard Selznick, Philip Sennett, Richard Sewell, William Hamilton Sheldon, Eleanor Bernert Shils, Edward Albert Skocpol, Theda Smelser, Neil Joseph Sorokin, Pitirim Aleksandrovich Speier, Hans Srinivas, Mysore Narasimhachar Stinchcombe, Arthur Leonard Stouffer, Samuel Andrew Sumner, William Graham Szczepanski, Jan Szelenyi, Ivan Sztompka, Piotr Taeuber, Irene Barnes Teggart, Frederick John Thomas, William Isaac Tienda, Marta Tilly, Charles Touraine, Alain Louis Jules Francois Trow, Martin Turner, Ralph Herbert Udry, J. Richard Vaupel, James W. Vogel, Ezra Feivel Walder , Andrew G. Wallerstein, Immanuel Waters, Mary C. Weber, Alfred Wesolowski, Wlodzimierz Jozef Western, Bruce Westoff, Charles Francis White, Harrison Colyar Whyte, William Foote Williams, David R. Williams, Jr., Robin Murphy Wilson, William Julius Wolfgang, Marvin Eugene Wulsin, Frederick Roelker Wuthnow, Robert Xie, Yu Zald, Mayer Nathan Zeder, Melinda A. Zelizer, Viviana A. Zimmerman, Carle Clark Zuckerman, Harriet Anne

Theology and Ministerial Practice Abbot, Ezra Adams, James Luther Aga Khan IV, Karim Ahern, Michael Joseph Allyn, John Altmann, Alexander Appleby, Robert Scott Arnold, Albert Nicholas Atwater, Noah Bancroft, Aaron Barnard, Thomas Barr, James Barth, Karl Bea, Augustinus Benz, Ernst Wilhelm Booth, Edwin Prince Boyarin, Daniel Brazer, John Brent, Charles Henry Brooks, Phillips Brown, Howard Nicholson Brown, Raymond Edward Buber, Martin Buckminster, Joseph Stevens Burkitt, Francis Crawford Burrows, Millar Buttrick, George Arthur Cadbury, Henry Joel Cahill, Lisa Sowle Calhoun, Robert Lowry Carrasco, David Cary, Samuel Casey, Robert Pierce Cell, George Croft Chadwick, Henry Channing, Henry Channing, William Ellery Chauncy, Charles Childress, James Franklin Childs, Brevard Springs Clark, Elizabeth Ann Clarke, James Freeman Clarke, John Cooper, Samuel Cox, Jr., Harvey Gallagher Crothers, Samuel McChord Curran, Charles E. Cushing, Richard James Cardinal

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Cutler, Manasseh D’Arcy, Martin Cyril Davies, William David De Normandie, James Deane, Samuel Ernst Drown, Edward Staples Dun, Angus Dwight, Timothy (18281916) Eck, Diana Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried Eliot, Frederick May Eliot, John Ellis, George Edward Emerson, William (17691811) Ernst, Carl William Everett, Charles Carroll Everett, Oliver Faunce, William Herbert Perry Fenn, William Wallace Finkelstein, Louis Fitzpatrick, John Bernard Florovsky, Georges Vasilievich Foakes-Jackson, Frederick John Fobes, Perez (Peres) Frame, James Everett Freeman, James Frothingham, Nathaniel Langdon Frothingham, Paul Revere Gamwell, Franklin I. Gerrish, Brian Albert Gezork, Herbert Johannes Gilkey, Langdon Glatzer, Nahum Norbert Goodwin, Ezra Shaw Gordon, George Angier Graham, William A. Greenwood, Francis William Pitt Gustafson, James Moody Gutierrez, Gustavo Hackett, Horatio Balch Hale, Edward Everett Halivni (aka WeissHalivni), David Weiss Hall, Edward Henry Hammond, Ray A. Harnack, Adolf von Harris, Thaddeus Mason Hatch, William Henry Paine

Hauerwas, Stanley M. Haygood, Atticus Greene Hedge, Frederic Henry (1798-1868) Hehir, J. Bryan Heschel, Abraham Joshua Hill, Thomas Holifield, E. Brooks Holley, Horace Holmes, Abiel Howard, Bezaleel Howard, Simeon Hyde, William DeWitt Jarvis, Samuel Farmar Jenkins, John I. Jenks, William Kieckhefer, Richard Kirkland, Samuel Knudson, Albert Cornelius Koester, Helmut Heinrich Karl Konig, Franz Cardinal Lafarge, John Lake, Kirsopp Lally, Francis Joseph Langdon, Samuel Lathrop (or Lothrop), John Lathrop, Joseph Lawrence, William (18501941) Lieberman, Saul Little, Daniel (1794-1863) Lopez, Jr., Donald Sewell Lothrop, Elijah Lyman, Joseph MacKenzie, Eric Francis Maclaine, Archibald Madison, James Martin, Dale Basil Martineau, James Marty, Martin Emil Mather, Samuel McCollester, Lee Sullivan McCormick, Richard Arthur McGinn, Bernard John McKeen, Joseph Meeks, Wayne A. Mellen, Jr., John Mendes-Flohr, Paul R. Metcalf, Joel Hastings Miller, Samuel Howard Mitchell, Margaret M. Moore, Edward Caldwell Moore, George Foot Morse, Jedidiah Muelder, Walter George

Murray, Edward Gerard Murray, John Courtney Nash, Norman Burdett Nelson, John Robert Neuwirth, Angelika Newman, Barbara Jane Nichols, Ichabod Niebuhr, Helmut Richard Niebuhr, Richard Reinhold Nock, Arthur Darby Noll, Mark Allan Norton, Andrews Noyes, George Rapall Oberman, Heiko Augustinus O’Connell, William Henry Ogden, Schubert Miles Orsi, Robert A. Outler, Albert Cook Park, Charles Edwards Parks, Leighton Pauck, Wilhelm Payson, Phillips Peabody, Andrew Preston Peabody, Endicott Peabody, Ephraim Peabody, Francis Greenwood Pierce, John Platner, John Winthrop Porter, Eliphalet Porter, Jean Potter, Alonzo Price, Richard Prince, John Proudfoot, Wayne Putnam, George (18071878) Quasten, Johannes Raboteau, Albert Jordy Rahner, Karl Rees, Abraham Robbins, Chandler Robinson, Edward Robinson, Ezekiel Gilman Robinson, James McConkey Ropes, James Hardy Ryan, James Hugh Sanders, Ed Parish (E. P.) Sanger, Zedekiah Schussler Fiorenza, Elisabeth Scott, Jr., Nathan Alexander Sherrill, Henry Knox Smith, Jonathan Z.

Smith, Wilfred Cantwell Sperry, Willard Learoyd Spiegel, Shalom Spooner, John Jones Stafford, Russell Henry Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn Stearns, Charles Steinmetz, David Curtis Stendahl, Krister Stout, Jeffrey Lee Stuart, Moses Sullivan, Lawrence E. Tappan, David Taves, Ann Taylor, Jr., Charles Lincoln Thacher, Peter Thacher, Samuel Cooper Thacher, Thomas Thayer, Joseph Henry Thurman, Howard Tillich, Paul Johannes Tisserant, Eugene Gabriel Townes, Emilie M. Tracy, David William Tucker, William Jewett Ulrich, Eugene Van der Kemp, Francis Adrian von Campenhausen, Hans Erich Freiherr Ware, Henry Washburn, Henry Bradford Waters, Thomas Franklin Watson, Richard Weigel, Gustave West, Samuel Wharton, Francis Wigglesworth, Edward (1732-1794) Wilder, Amos Niven Wilken, Robert Louis Willard, Samuel Williams, Abraham Williams, George Huntston Williams, Nehemiah Williams, Rowan Douglas Williams, Samuel (17431817) Wolfson, Elliot R. Woods, Leonard Wright, George Ernest Wright, John Joseph Young, Edward James

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Uncertain Pollock, Allan Santa Cruz, Marquis de

Visual Arts, Art History, and Architecture Aalto, Alvar (Hugo Alvar Henrik) Ackerman, James Sloss Adams, Ansel Easton Albers, Josef Albright, Ivan LeLorraine Aldrich, Nelson Wilmarth Alexander, Christopher Wolfgang John Allston, Washington Alpers, Svetlana Anderson, Lawrence Bernhart Argan, Giulio Carlo Audubon, John James Avedon, Richard Avery, Milton Clark Baldessari, John Anthony Barnes, Edward Larrabee Barocchi, Paola Barr, Jr., Alfred Hamilton Barron, Stephanie Basaldella, Mirko Baskin, Leonard Baxandall, Michael Bayer, Herbert Belluschi, Pietro Benson, Frank Weston Benson, John Howard Berenson, Bernard Bergdoll, Barry Betancourt, Philip P. Bigelow, William Sturgis Bloom, Hyman Bochner, Mel Boggs, Jean Sutherland Bois, Yve-Alain Bond, Jr., J. Max Bonnat, Leon-JosephFlorentin Bonnefoy, Yves Bontecou, Lee Boone, Elizabeth Hill Borja-Villel, Manuel J. Bosworth, William Welles

Bourgeois, Louise Braque, Georges Breuer, Marcel Lajos Brilliant, Richard Brown, John Nicholas Brown, Jonathan Brown, Mather Brown, Trisha Bruzelius, Caroline Astrid Buchloh, Benjamin H.D. Bulfinch, Charles Bunshaft, Gordon Burchard, John Ely Burchfield, Charles Ephraim Burns, Ken Cabot, Edward Clarke Cahill, James Francis Cairns, Huntington Calder, Alexander Callahan, Harry Morey Campbell, Robert Campbell, Thomas P. Caro, Anthony Alfred Cartier-Bresson, Henri Caviness, Madeline Harrison Caws, Mary Ann Celmins, Vija Chamberlain, John Angus Chamberlain, Samuel Chastel, Andre Adrien Chatfield-Taylor, Adele Chiang, Yee Chillida, Eduardo Christiansen, Keith Church, Frederic Edwin Church, Thomas Dolliver Clark, Alvan Clark, Kenneth Mackenzie Clark, Timothy James Close, Chuck Cobb, Henry Nichols Cohn, Marjorie Benedict Collens, Charles Conant, Kenneth John Conkwright, Pleasant Jefferson Connick, Charles Jay Constable, William George Coolidge, Charles Allerton (1858-1936) Coolidge, John Phillips Copley, John Singleton Correa, Charles Mark Cox, Gardner Cram, Ralph Adams

Cranch, John Crawford, Thomas Cropper, Elizabeth Crosby, Sumner McKnight Crow, Thomas Eugene Cunningham, Imogen Cuno, James Dallin, Cyrus Edwin Dawes, Thomas (17311809) de Kooning, Willem DeCarlo, Giancarlo Dempsey, Charles d’Harnoncourt, Anne di Suvero, Mark Diebenkorn, Jr., Richard Clifford Diller, Elizabeth Dwiggins, William Addison Eames, Jr., Charles Edgell, George Harold Eggleston, William Eisenman, Peter David Eitner, Lorenz Edwin Alfred Eliot II, Charles William Elsner, John (Jas) Emerson, William (18731957) Ettinghausen, Richard Evans, Walker Filler, Martin Myles Fischl, Eric Forbes, Edward Waldo Foster, Hal Foster, Norman Robert Frampton, Kenneth Frankenthaler, Helen Freed, James Ingo Freedberg, David Adrian Freedberg, Sydney Joseph French, Daniel Chester Freud, Lucian Fried, Michael Friedlander, Lee Fuller, Richard Buckminster Gabo, Naum Neemia Gaehtgens, Thomas W. Gehry, Frank Owen Gerome, Jean Leon Giedion, Sigfried Gilbert, Creighton Eddy Golub, Leon Albert Gombrich, Ernst Hans Josef

Goodrich, Lloyd Gowing, Lawrence Burnett Grabar, Oleg Graham, Dan H. Graves, Nancy Stevenson Greenough, Horatio Greenough, Richard Saltonstall Gropius, Walter Adolf Georg Hadzi, Dimitri Halprin, Lawrence Hamburger, Jeffrey Hamilton, Ann Katherine Hamilton, George Heard Hammons, David Harper, Prudence Oliver Harrison, Wallace Kirkman Haskell, Francis James Herbert Hayes, Bartlett Harding Hayter, Stanley William Heintzelman, Arthur William Heizer, Michael Held, Julius Samuel Herbert, Robert Louis Hibbard, Howard Hines, Thomas Spight Hockney, David Hofer, Philip Holl, Steven Myron Holmes, Edward Jackson Holzer, Jenny Hopkinson, Charles Sydney Horn, Walter William Hudnut, Joseph Hughes, Robert Studley Forrest Hugo, Everett Harold Huxtable, Ada Louise Israel, Franklin David Ito, Toyo Ivins, Jr., William Mills Jaffe, Andrew Michael James, William (18821961) Janson, Horst Woldemar Jewell, William MacIntyre Johns, Jasper Johnson, Philip Cortelyou Kahn, Louis Isadore Kallmann, Gerhard Michael Kaufman, Boris

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Kaulbach, Wilhelm Freiherr von Kelly, Ellsworth Kemp, Martin John Kentridge, William Kepes, Gyorgy Kessler, Herbert Leon Kiefer, Anselm Karl Albert Kitaj, R. B. (Ronald Brooks) Koehler, Sylvester Rosa Koerner, Joseph Leo Koolhaas, Remment Koons, Jeff Krauss, Rosalind E. Kubler, George Alexander Laloux, Victor Alexandre Frederic Lambert, Phyllis Lavin, Irving Lawrence, Jacob Lawrence, Jr., James Lawrence, William Henry Le Corbusier (pseudonym for Charles Edouard Jeanneret-Gris) Lee, Rensselaer Wright Lee, Sherman Emery Legorreta Vilchis, Ricardo Lehmann, Phyllis Williams Lentz, Thomas W. Levine, Jack Levine, Neil Licht, Fred S. Lichtenstein, Roy Fox Lin, Maya Ying Lipchitz, Jacques Lodge, John Ellerton Lowry, Glenn David Loyrette, Henri Lynch, Kevin Andrew Maginnis, Charles Donagh Maki, Fumihiko Mancusi-Ungaro, Carol Manship, Paul Howard Manzu, Giacomo Marden, Brice Marin, John Marin, Louis Aime Marini, Marino Marquand, Allan Marrow, James Henry Martin, Agnes Bernice Mather, Jr., Frank Jewett Mayne, Thom McKinnell, Noel Michael Meier, Richard Alan

Meiss, Millard Lazare Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Milliken, William Mathewson Millon, Henry Armand Miro, Joan Mitchell, William J. Moneo Valles, Jose Rafael Mongan, Agnes Moore, Charles Willard Moore, Henry Spencer Morey, Charles Rufus Morley, Malcolm Morse, Samuel Finley Breese Motherwell, Robert Mumford, Lewis Munro, Thomas Murray, Elizabeth Nash, Ray Nason, Thomas Willoughby Nauman, Bruce Lee Necipoglu, Gulru Nervi, Pier Luigi Nevelson, Louise Berliawsky Newhall, Beaumont Niemeyer, Oscar Soares Filho Nochlin, Linda Noguchi, Isamu Noland, Kenneth Clifton Nordenfalk, Carl Adam Johan Nordenson, Guy Jérôme Pierre Norton, Charles Eliot Okakura, Kakuzo O’Keeffe, Georgia Totto Oldenburg, Claes Thure Olin, Laurie Dewar Olitski, Jules Oliveira, Nathan J. Olmsted, Frederick Law Ophuls, Marcel Overbeck, Johann Friedrich Panofsky, Erwin Peabody, Robert Swain Pearlstein, Philip Pei, Ieoh Ming Penny, Nicholas Beaver Perkins, Charles Callahan Philpott, Anthony John Piano, Renzo Pignatti, Terisio

Pillsbury, Edmund P. Pinkney, Jerry Polke, Sigmar Polshek, James Stewart Pope-Hennessy, John Wyndham Porter, Arthur Kingsley Porter, Eliot Furness Post, Chandler Rathfon Poulet, Anne L. Powell III, Earl Alexander Powers, Hiram Pratt, Bela Lyon Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre Cecile Rathbone, Perry Townsend Rauschenberg, Robert Rawn III, William Leete Rawson, Jessica Ray, Charles Richardson Rich, Daniel Catton Richardson, Henry Hobson Richter, Gerhard Riley, Bridget Rishel, Joseph J. Robinson, Edward (18581931) Roche, Kevin Eamonn Rogers, Elizabeth Barlow Rogers, Malcolm Austin Rorimer, James Joseph Rosand, David Rose, C. Brian Rosenberg, Harold Rosenberg, Jakob Rosenblum, Robert Rosenfield, John Max Rosenquist, James Ross, Denman Waldo Rothko, Mark Rowland, Jr., Benjamin Rowland, Ingrid D. Rubin, William Rudenstine, Angelica Zander Rudolph, Paul Marvin Ruscha, Ed (Edward) Ruskin, John Ruzicka, Rudolph Ryman, Robert Tracy Ryskamp, Charles Andrew Saarinen, Eero Sachs, Paul Joseph Safdie, Moshe Saint Gaudens, Augustus Salgado, Sebastiao Ribeiro

Sargent, John Singer Sauerlander, Willibald Paul Walter Sawyer, Charles Henry (1906-2005) Schapiro, Meyer Scofidio, Ricardo Scott Brown, Denise Scully, Vincent J. Segal, George Sekler, Eduard Franz Serra, Richard Sert, Josep Luis Settis, Salvatore Shahn, Benjamin Zwi Shearman, John Kinder Gowran Shepley, Henry Richardson Sherman, Cindy Silverman, Debora Leah Sitney, P. Adams Siza (Siza Vieira), Alvaro Joaquim Melo Slive, Seymour Sloan, John French Smith, Kiki Smyth, Craig Hugh Soper, Alexander Coburn Sorkin, Michael Souto de Moura, Eduardo Elisio Machado Speicher, Eugene Edward Stebbins, Jr., Theodore Ellis Steinberg, Leo Steinberg, Saul Stern, Robert A.M. Stinehour, Roderick Douglas Stone, Edward Durell Story, William Wetmore Stout, George Leslie Strand, Paul Stubbins, Jr., Hugh Asher Sturgis, Richard Clipston Sullivan, Michael (Donovan Michael) Summers, John David Summerson, John Newenham Swarzenski, Hanns Peter Theophil Sweeney, James Johnson Tafuri, Manfredo Tagliapietra, Lino Tamayo, Rufino Tange, Kenzo

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Tapies, Antoni Tarbell, Edmund Charles Thiebaud, Wayne Thompson, Benjamin Caspar Tomita, Kojiro Trachtenberg, Marvin Trouvelot, Etienne Leopold Trumbull, John (17561843) Tsien, Billie Turrell, James Tuttle, Richard Twombly, Cy Van Valkenburgh, Michael R. Van Zanten, David Theodore Varnedoe, John Kirk Train Venturi, Robert Vidler, Anthony Viola, Bill Viollet-Le-Duc, Eugene Emmanuel von Blanckenhagen, Peter Heinrich von Falkenhausen, Lothar von Simson, Otto George Wagner, Martin Walker, Charles Howard Walker , Kara Walsh, Jr., John Ware, William Robert Warner, Langdon Warren, Herbert Langford Weitzmann, Kurt West, Benjamin (17381820) Weston, Karl Ephraim Whittlesey, Julian Hill Williams, Tod Wilson, Robert Wind, Edgar Winthrop, Grenville Lindall Wiseman, Frederick Wu, Hung Wurster, William Wilson Wyeth, Andrew Newell Yamasaki, Minoru Zumthor, Peter

Zoology Adams, Charles Baker Adkisson, Perry Lee

Agassiz, Alexander Emmanuel Rodolph Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolph Alexander, Robert McNeill Allee, Warder Clyde Allen, Glover Morrill Allen, Joel Asaph Arnold, Stevan James Atwood, Nathaniel Ellis Bachman, John Baer, Karl Ernst von Baird, Spencer Fullerton Banks, Nathan Barbour, Thomas Bartholomew, George Adelbert Batchelder, Charles Foster Bates, Marston Beneden, Pierre Joseph van Bennett, Henry Stanley Berenbaum, May Roberta Bigelow, Robert Payne Binney, Amos Bischoff, Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm Blake, Charles Henry Bodenstein, Dietrich Hans F. Alexander Bodian, David Boell, Edgar John Bonaparte, Charles Lucien Jules Laurence, Prince de Canino Boulenger, George Albert Boyden, Edward Allen Brachet, Jean Louis Auguste Bremer, John Lewis Brewer, Thomas Mayo Brewster, William Briggs, Robert William Brooks, William Keith Brues, Charles Thomas Bryant, Henry Buffon, Georges Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Bumpus, Hermon Carey Burgess, Edward Burnett, Waldo Irving Cabot, Samuel (1815-1885) Callan, Harold Garnet Carpenter, Frank Morton Carpenter, Russell LeGrand Caspari, Ernst Wolfgang Castle, William Ernest

Caullery, Maurice Jules Gaston Corneille Chadwick, Leigh Edward Clark, Benjamin Preston Clarke, George Leonard Clarke, Samuel Fessenden Cleveland, Lemuel Roscoe Conklin, Edwin Grant Conway, Gordon Richard Copeland, Manton Corner, George Washington Craig, Jr., George Brownlee Crompton, Alfred Walter Crozier, William John Cushman, Joseph Augustine Cuvier, Georges Leopold Christian Frederic Dagobert (Baron) Dall, William Healey Daniel, John Franklin Darlington, Jr., Philip Jackson Davenport, Charles Benedict Dawson, Alden Benjamin Dean, John Dempsey, Edward Wheeler Detwiler, Samuel Randall Dobzhansky, Theodosius Dollo, Louis Antoine Marie Joseph Drew, Gilman Arthur Duboule, Denis Dwight, Thomas Ebert, James David Edds, Jr., Mac Vincent Edinger, Tilly (Johanna Gabrielle Ottelie) Edwards, Scott Vernon Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried Eisner, Thomas Elton, Charles Sutherland Emlen, Stephen T. Endler, John A. Evans, Herbert McLean Everett, John Wendell Fall, Henry Clinton Faure-Fremiet, Emmanuel Fawcett, Don Wayne Faxon, Walter Fell, Honor Bridget Fell, Howard Barraclough Fernald, Charles Henry Fewkes, Jesse Walter

Fischer von Waldheim, Gotthelf Friedrich Flexner, Louis Barkhouse Frisch, Karl Ritter von Gardiner, Edward Gardiner Gegenbaur, Carl Goode, George Brown Gould, Augustus Addison Greep, Roy Orval Gregory, William King Griffin, Donald Redfield Grinnell, Joseph Grobstein, Clifford Hagen, Hermann August Halasz, Bela Haldeman, Samuel Stehman Hamburger, Viktor Hamilton, William Donald Hamlin, Charles Edward Harris, Thaddeus William Hasler, Arthur Davis Henshaw, Samuel Hilborn, Ray William Hillis, David Mark Hisaw, Frederick Lee Hoadley, Leigh Holbrook, John Edwards Hölldobler, Berthold Karl Holmes, Samuel Jackson Holtfreter, Johannes Friedrich Karl Howard, Leland Ossian Humes, Arthur Grover Huntsman, Archibald Gowanlock Hutchinson, George Evelyn Huxley, Julian Sorell Huxley, Thomas Henry Hyatt, Alpheus Hyman, Libbie Henrietta Imms, Augustus Daniel Jennings, Herbert Spencer Johnson, Charles Willison Jolly, Alison Bishop Jordan, H. E. Karl (Heinrich Ernst Karl) Keith, Arthur (1866-1955) Kellogg, Arthur Remington Kennedy, Donald Kidder, George Wallace Kingsley, John Sterling Kirtland, Jared Potter Knipling, Edward Fred Kofoid, Charles Atwood

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012

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Kolliker, Rudolf Albert von Kovalevskij (Kovalevsky), Alexander Onufrijevic Krebs, John Richard Kuhn, Alfred Lacaze-Duthiers, Felix Joseph Henri de Landauer, Walter Lankester, Edwin Ray Leblond, Charles Philippe LeConte, John Lawrence Leidy, Joseph Leuckart, Rudolph (Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolph) Lewis, Frederic Thomas Lillie, Frank Rattray Lillie, Ralph Stayner Lindauer, Martin Lorenz, Konrad Zacharias Lovejoy, Thomas Eugene Loven, Sven Lull, Richard Swann Lutz, Brenton Reid Lyman, Theodore (18331897) MacArthur, Robert Helmer Mall, Franklin Paine Mark, Edward Laurens Marsh, Othniel Charles Mayr, Ernst McCrady, John Mead, Albert Davis Medawar, Peter Brian Melander, Axel Leonard Metcalf, Robert Lee Metz, Charles William

Michener, Charles Duncan Miller, Jr., Gerrit Smith Milne-Edwards, Henri Minot, Charles Sedgwick Moore, Carl Richard Moore, John Alexander Morgan, Thomas Hunt Morse, Edward Sylvester Morton, Samuel George Muller, Johannes Peter Neal, Herbert Vincent Nicholas, John Spangler Nottebohm, Fernando Nuttall, George Henry Falkiner Orians, Gordon Howell Osborn, Henry Fairfield Owen, Richard Packard, Alpheus Spring (1839-1905) Palay, Sanford Louis Parker, George Howard Patten, William Patterson, Bryan Pearl, Raymond Peck, William Dandridge Peters, James Lee Phillips, John Charles Pilsbry, Henry Augustus Pincus, Gregory Goodwin Pittendrigh, Colin Stephenson Plough, Harold Henry Pourtales, Louis Francois de Rand, Herbert Wilbur Redfield, Alfred Clarence

Regan, Charles Tate Rensch, Bernard Carl Emmanuel Retzius, Magnus Gustaf Riddiford, Lynn Moorhead Riddle, Oscar Ris, Hans Ritchie, Jr., John Ritter, William Emerson Romer, Alfred Sherwood Rothschild, Miriam Louisa Rubinoff, Ira Ruthven, Alexander Grant Ryan, Francis Joseph Sawyer, Charles Henry (1915-2006) Schevill, William Edward Schmidt, Karl Patterson Schmidt, Wilhelm Josef Jacob Schmitt, Francis Otto Schotte, Oscar Emil Schrader, Franz Scudder, Samuel Hubbard Sears, Mary Sedgwick, William Thompson Siebold, Carl Theodor Ernst von Singer, Marcus Joseph Sjostrand, Fritiof Stig Smith, Ray Fred Spemann, Hans Steenstrup, Johann Japetus Smith Storer, David Humphreys Thayer, John Eliot

Thompson, D’Arcy Wentworth Tiedemann, Friedrich Tinbergen, Nikolaas Tobias, Phillip V. Twitty, Victor Chandler Underwood, William Lyman Verrill, Addison Emery von Paijkull (Paykull), Gustaf Watson, David Meredith Seares Weinland, David Friedrich Weis-Fogh, Torkel Welsh, John Henry Weysse, Arthur Wisswald Wheeler, William Morton White, Michael James Denham Whitman, Charles Otis Wigglesworth, Vincent Brian Wilder, Harris Hawthorne Williams, Carroll Milton Williams, Ernest Edward Wilson, Jr., Edward Osborne Wilson, James Walter Wislocki, George Bernays Woods, Frederick Adams Woodworth, William McMichael Wyman, Jeffries Wyman, Jr., Jeffries Young, John Zachary Zuckerman, Solly

Subject Categories of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012