STUDY OF NOISE POLLUTION DURING DEEPAWALI FESTIVAL

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014) ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com STUDY O...
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014)

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

STUDY OF NOISE POLLUTION DURING DEEPAWALI FESTIVAL Prashant P. Bhave Associate Professor Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute Mumbai, India

Nitinkumar L. Patel* M-Tech scholar Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute Mumbai, India

ABSTRACT- Noise pollution has been well recognized as one of the pollutions that affect the quality of life in urban areas across the globe. In a city like Mumbai, apart from traffic noise and noise generated due to construction activity, major contributing source is noise produced during festivals. Present study analyses the trend and status of noise generated during an important festival Deepawali festival at different location in Mumbai city for last four years. As per data obtained from Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), it is observed that there is no significant decrease in noise level at most of the places in year 2012 as compere to earlier years. At half of the places L(A)eq was well above 75 dB during day time. Keywords- Noise Pollution, Festival, Deepawali, Mumbai, Environmental Engineering

I. INTRODUCTION Noise pollution is a significant environmental problem in many urban areas that has not been properly recognised, despite the fact that it is steadily growing in developing countries [1]. Noise produces damaging effects among exposed person. It is said, "You may forgive noise but your body will never" [2]. At present, noise pollution is considered as one of the key problems of urban communities that has numerous hazardous effects on the urban environment and may result in a great deal of costs on the society [3]. There is no question that noise is both a public health hazard and an environmental pollutant as well. It is present in every human activity and is classified as either occupational noise i.e. noise in workplace, or as environmental noise, which includes noise in all other settings, whether at community, residential or domestic level when assessing its impact on human well-being [4]. The sources of noise pollution are extremely diverse and they are mainly classified as community noise and industrial noise. During festivals and functions loudspeakers produce a lot of annoying noise. Indian festivals are traditionally celebrated with song and dance in large groups, using musical instruments, drums etc. Bursting of fire crackers during celebrations produce intermittent and high frequency ‘impulse noise’ [5]. Deepawali festival showed an average noise level of 74.24 dB (A), 62.52 dB (A), 58.88 dB (A), and 50.02 dB (A) at industrial, commercial, residential and silent zones respectively. The result showed that there was an enhanced pressure of noise at all sites due to increase in number of vehicles and facilities of transportation. All the sites under study showed higher sound level than the prescribed limits of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) [6]. Noise levels of ten sites were found to be above permissible limit during Deepawali festival weeks in Sangamner city in Maharashtra. The noise level was higher in the morning and evening but lower at noon. Pre-deepawali showed 0.1% to 20.6%, deepawali revealed 2.7% and post-deepawali showed 0.4% to20.3% higher sound level limit. The combination of various types of vehicular noise was found to be minimum 70.2 (0.3% higher) and maximum 90.0 (29% higher). The contributions of individual levels were found to be more than the traffic noise limit of 70dB (A) and varied from vehicle to vehicle [7]. A. About the Study Area There were a total of 45 locations covered during Deepawali festival in Mumbai by MPCB. The detailed list of location is as follows:Table 1: List of Monitoring Location (Source: Ref. [8], [9], [10], [11])

Monitoring Location Mumbai South Colaba Mantralaya Mazgaon Girgaon Worli

Mumbai Eastern Suburbs Chembur (E) Trombay Kurla Ghatkopar East Ghatkopar West

Mumbai Western Suburbs Sahar Santacruz (E) Vile Parle Bandra Goregaon

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014)

Monitoring Location Mumbai South Mulund East Mulund West Sakinaka Powai Wadala Dharavi Sewree Kalina Vikhroli (W) Bhandup (W)

Mumbai South Prabhadevi Mahim Parel Byculla Dadar Sion Hindu Colony Matunga Kamathipura Malabar Hills

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

Mumbai South Jogeshwari Versova Marve Borivali East Borivali West Dindoshi Kandivali (E) Dahisar (E) Juhu Malad (W)

B. About the Deepawali Festival Deepawali is an important Festival of India known as festival of lights. It falls in the month of October or early November. It marks the victory of Lord Rama over Ravana and celebrated in the honour of Lord Rama’s return to Ayodhya after Fourteen Years of exile. Deepawali when translated means "rows of lighted lamps" and the occasion is also referred to as the Festival of Lights. Lakshmi Puja is performed in the evening to seek divine blessings of Goddess of Wealth. It gives a message of love, brotherhood and friendship. The heart of everyone should be illuminated with light [8]. On this occasion, a lot of fire crackers are used almost in every part of the country as a part of celebration. This causes not only air pollution but noise pollution also. The crackers contain dangerous chemicals that are harmful and cause bronchitis, asthma, etc. while noise from fire crackers can cause headache and nervous system problems in human beings while birds and animals have to cope with the blasts and toxic smoke [8]. II. MATERIAL Data used in this paper is taken from MPCB Deepawali report. This report get published each year after Deepawali festival and contain record of noise level of each monitoring location. III. METHODOLOGY USED BY MPCB Noise pollution monitoring during Deepawali Festival has been carried out on the day of Laxmipujan and Bhaubeej for year 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 continuously for 24 hours. Continuous noise monitoring was done to find out maximum and minimum noise level during day time as well as night time. Noise standards for ambient noise level during day and night are different (Table 2); hence noise levels were measured accordingly as follows:  Day shift from 06:00 Hrs. to 22:00 Hrs: 0600 to 14:00 Hrs. & 14:00 to 22:00 Hrs.  Night shift from 22:00 Hrs. to 06:00 Hrs. Pre-calibrated Sound Level Meters (Type II) were used for the monitoring. All the measurements were made at fast response mode using ‘A’ filter, keeping in view the quickly changing nature of noise levels. The main purpose of noise monitoring was to find out the impact of noise generated during Deepawali by various activities like bursting fire crackers, Sound systems, Music Systems etc. on human being and disturbance made in environment. Table 2: Ambient noise standards (Standards of noise levels under EPA (1986): Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000)

Limits in dB(A) Leq Day time Night time 75 70

Area Code

Category of Area

A

Industrial area

B

Commercial area

65

55

C

Residential Area

55

45

D

Silence Zone

50

40

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION After the analysis of data following trend are obtained for day time and night time noise pollution for the study period. Noise levels recorded on the days of Laxmi Pujan are as follows: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2014, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -2

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014)

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

Table 3: Day time noise levels on the days of Laxmi Pujan (Source: Ref. [8], [9], [10], [11])

L(A)eq (Day Time), dB(A) Mumbai South

Mumbai Eastern Suburbs

Mumbai Western Suburbs

Year

2009

2010

2011

2012

Year

2009

2010

2011

2012

Year

2009

2010

2011

2012

Colaba

69.6

75.1

71.9

78.4

Chembur (E)

73.1

73.1

73.6

73.8

Sahar

71.6

87.4

71.2

75.4

Mantralaya

68

73.6

71.9

75.4

Trombay

76.1

63.1

68.2

74.4

Santacruz (E)

66.7

77.7

69.3

78.2

Mazgaon

73.4

79.2

65.5

82.8

Kurla

77.4

79.3

75.1

73.8

Vile Parle

76.5

73.3

76.6

74.3

Girgaon

69.6

70.7

67.9

79.8

Ghatkopar (E)

62.8

70

75.1

74.5

Bandra

68.4

79.6

75.1

79

Worli

73.8

74.2

74.7

81.9

Ghatkopar (W)

69.3

76

73.4

86.5

Goregaon

70.3

71.5

71.1

81.4

Prabhadevi

66.2

77

75.8

70.6

Mulund (E)

72.8

74.2

76.7

72.6

Jogeshwari

76.3

73.5

71.5

74.4

Mahim

74.6

73.1

75.2

73.8

Mulund (W)

74.7

78.4

74.6

76.7

Versova

63.1

67.7

69.4

71.8

Parel

64.4

66.9

72.6

68.5

Sakinaka

74.6

77.9

69.2

73.6

Marve

74.7

73.7

75

74.1

Byculla

77.9

67.9

77.7

85.8

Powai

74.8

66

74.5

68.3

Borivali (E)

76.8

83.2

75.4

67.1

Dadar

71.7

72.7

76.5

72.1

Wadala

88.6

80.7

75.5

66

Borivali (W)

68.5

78.9

77

83.8

Sion

81.2

70.2

78.1

85.4

Dharavi

81.6

81.2

71.8

81.8

Dindoshi

74.2

75.1

76.9

67.1

Hindu Colony

75.3

75.6

82

63

Sewree

68.5

80

67.6

71.2

Kandivali (E)

62.2

67.1

77.7

70.4

Matunga

72.8

72.8

76.9

70.2

Kalina

75.4

76.6

71.4

75.5

Dahisar (E)

66

77.7

78.4

76

Kamathipura

72.8

74.3

79.6

74.2

Vikhroli (W)

82.4

78.2

68.5

79.4

Juhu

75

79.7

81.9

70.6

Malabar Hills

73.8

79.7

75.8

81.5

Bhandup (W)

68.7

63.1

69.8

80.1

Malad (W)

74.7

89.4

76.7

75.7

Fig. 1. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Laxmi Pujan in Mumbai South (Day)

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014)

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

Fig. 2. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Laxmi Pujan in Mumbai Eastern Suburb (Day)

Fig. 3. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Laxmi Pujan in Mumbai Western Suburb (Day)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2014, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -4

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014) Table 4: Night time noise levels on

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

the days of Laxmi Pujan (Source: Ref. [8], [9], [10], [11])

L(A)eq (Night Time), dB(A) Mumbai South Year

Mumbai Eastern Suburbs

Mumbai Western Suburbs

2009

2010

2011

2012

Year

2009

2010

2011

2012

Year

2009

2010

2011

2012

72

73.5

65.4

73.1

Chembur (E)

63.7

72.4

63.8

74.1

Sahar

70.6

69.7

56.3

62.2

Mantralaya

67.4

70.7

54.5

61.4

Trombay

66.4

68.2

65.1

76.5

Santacruz (E)

63.7

64.3

66

57.6

Mazgaon

59.9

74.5

64.3

73.9

Kurla

71.4

69.9

57.1

63

Vile Parle

71.3

70.2

64.8

72.9

Girgaon

71.8

75.7

66.9

70.3

Ghatkopar (E)

63.2

62.1

65.5

60.7

Bandra

68.4

70.7

70.6

79.1

Worli

67.7

64.1

68.5

67.3

Ghatkopar (W)

59.9

61.8

60.2

80.8

Goregaon

57.3

67.4

68.9

79

Prabhadevi

57.1

85.2

68.6

73.2

Mulund (E)

71

70.9

65.3

75.1

Jogeshwari

63.9

68.2

54.9

73.3

Mahim

66.3

68.3

70.8

75.3

Mulund (W)

62.4

68.2

65.8

72.3

Versova

56

49

61.2

72.5

61

56

70.7

57.4

Sakinaka

64.6

70.3

65.7

58.8

Marve

63.7

70.2

65.2

73.5

Byculla

79.6

49.6

72

78.2

Powai

74.5

63.9

64.7

70.2

Borivali (E)

67.2

73.9

57

62.1

Dadar

71.8

74.7

70.4

56

Wadala

80.9

68.4

53.9

73

Borivali (W)

57.7

69.7

67.8

63.5

Sion

73.9

66.5

71.2

81.1

Dharavi

82.8

76.4

63.9

78.7

Dindoshi

72.8

76.5

63.4

66.1

Hindu Colony

66.1

71.8

74.5

70.6

Sewree

61

58.8

65.7

60.6

Kandivali (E)

55

66.9

63.5

62

71

68.7

63.4

63.2

Kalina

73.5

70.1

63.6

74.4

Dahisar (E)

68.7

80

72

56.5

Kamathipura

71.3

68.4

69.1

62.5

Vikhroli (W)

80.7

81.3

55.4

80

Juhu

77.5

66.4

62.3

60.7

Malabar Hills

65.3

76

71.9

74.7

Bhandup (W)

65.6

64.7

62.3

72.3

Malad (W)

70.5

70.5

63.2

74.2

Colaba

Parel

Matunga

Fig. 4. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Laxmi Pujan in Mumbai South (Night)

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014)

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

Fig. 5. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Laxmi Pujan in Mumbai Eastern Suburb (Night)

Fig. 6. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Laxmi Pujan in Mumbai Western Suburb (Night)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2014, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -6

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014) Table 5: Day time noise levels on

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

the days of Bhaubeej (Source: Ref. [8], [9], [10], [11])

L(A)eq (Day Time), dB(A) Mumbai South Year

Mumbai Eastern Suburbs Year

Mumbai Western Suburbs

2009

2010

2011

2012

2009

2010

2011

2012

2009

2010

2011

2012

Colaba

67.1

78.6

73.7

72.6

Chembur (E)

71.8

73.6

68.3

83.4

Sahar

Year

73.9

71.6

75.9

80.2

Mantralaya

68.6

74.3

70.9

78

Trombay

83.4

66.9

73.1

76.7

Santacruz (E)

68.1

75.8

66.6

72.2

Mazgaon

68.5

75.5

73.3

72

Kurla

75.1

67

66.8

75.8

Vile Parle

70.1

74.6

66.7

71.2

Girgaon

67.1

71.1

74.1

82.1

Ghatkopar (E)

63.8

70

69.7

70.4

Bandra

66.9

75

71

71.8

Worli

71.7

72

64.6

77.9

Ghatkopar (W)

67.5

77

69.6

73.4

Goregaon

64.6

70.3

73.9

75.5

Prabhadevi

63.1

78.1

67.4

79.4

Mulund (E)

68.6

72.6

69.4

72.7

Jogeshwari

73.4

72.5

69.9

72.3

Mahim

72.7

74.5

73.9

72.1

Mulund (W)

76.3

79.4

64.5

80.1

Versova

61.1

56.9

80.9

71.3

Parel

63.8

65.2

70.3

75.7

Sakinaka

88

78.5

71.9

75.5

Marve

69.3

73.6

71.8

73.3

Byculla

76.4

65.7

62.3

63.1

Powai

69.5

64.6

68.7

74.7

Borivali (E)

74.5

80.9

68.9

74.8

Dadar

72.9

71

78.4

84.1

Wadala

78.2

72.9

77.7

64.1

Borivali (W)

64.3

77

75.1

86.6

Sion

74.5

65.6

71

67.8

Dharavi

83.8

78.8

76.7

69.2

Dindoshi

70.3

76.7

76.7

68.4

Hindu Colony

71

73.5

74

78.7

Sewree

69.9

80.8

69.3

64.8

Kandivali (E)

62

69.3

74.1

73.4

Matunga

71.7

73.7

73.5

67.6

Kalina

73.8

73.7

66.9

74.9

Dahisar (E)

59.9

74.2

74.4

69.4

Kamathipura

77.6

72.6

71.6

68.3

Vikhroli (W)

82.4

78.3

69

81.4

Juhu

71.3

75.9

73.2

66.9

Malabar Hills

69.7

73.7

73.9

72.4

Bhandup (W)

67.6

64.4

65.9

77.1

Malad (W)

70.2

88.6

83.7

73.8

Fig. 7. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Bhaubeej in Mumbai South (Day)

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014)

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

Fig. 8. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Bhaubeej an in Mumbai Eastern Suburb (Day)

Fig. 9. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Bhaubeej in Mumbai Western Suburb (Day)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2014, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -8

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014) Table 6: Night time noise levels on

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

the days of Bhaubeej (Source: Ref. [8], [9], [10], [11])

L(A)eq (Night Time), dB(A) Mumbai South

Mumbai Eastern Suburbs

Mumbai Western Suburbs

Year

2009

2010

2011

2012

Year

2009

2010

2011

2012

Year

2009

2010

2011

2012

Colaba

66.8

64.3

62.6

79.3

Chembur (E)

70.1

73.5

62.4

67.4

Sahar

69.1

66.6

60.5

61.4

Mantralaya

63.2

72.5

60.8

69.1

Trombay

82.4

71.7

61.5

69.7

Santacruz (E)

63.5

65.7

66.1

56

Mazgaon

62.8

72.8

59.9

71.9

Kurla

69.9

72.7

69.2

75.4

Vile Parle

64.3

70

64.9

55

Girgaon

67.2

72.9

58.6

76.6

Ghatkopar (E)

64.5

58.6

65.5

64.2

Bandra

67.3

65.6

47.7

57.1

Worli

67.8

68.8

56.7

70.4

Ghatkopar (W)

55.1

62.4

60.6

71.5

Goregaon

67

67.7

60.9

66.4

Prabhadevi

57.6

82.2

56.7

67.7

Mulund (E)

65.2

68.4

60.4

86.7

Jogeshwari

70.1

81.8

69.8

71.6

Mahim

66.3

69.6

62.4

70.3

Mulund (W)

69.5

69.6

62.9

72.9

Versova

56.6

47.7

66.5

71.3

Parel

58.6

62.2

56.2

71.9

Sakinaka

87.7

69.5

63

74.5

Marve

70.1

60.9

57.9

65

Byculla

70.8

60.9

59

77

Powai

67.1

61.3

64.9

74.3

Borivali (E)

68.3

69.8

62

69.3

Dadar

66.5

74.7

66.5

73.3

Wadala

83.7

66.5

71

67.6

Borivali (W)

57.8

66.5

66.9

60.3

Sion

76.7

70.9

65.4

79

Dharavi

76.2

75.9

64.8

66.6

Dindoshi

72.6

64.8

71.6

55.3

Hindu Colony

65.2

65.2

62.4

62.7

Sewree

67.7

70.9

60.5

73.2

Kandivali (E)

54.5

60.5

59.6

67.2

Matunga

70.6

64.2

66.5

69

Kalina

68

76.4

67.1

61.2

Dahisar (E)

52.5

74.9

64.8

57.2

Kamathipura

74.7

71.8

60.5

68.4

Vikhroli (W)

80.7

63.2

64.3

59.8

Juhu

73.2

59.8

60.5

59.9

Malabar Hills

68.1

72.6

67.3

71.9

Bhandup (W)

61.7

66

58.2

70

Malad (W)

71.5

67.9

67.6

60.3

Fig. 10. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Bhaubeej in Mumbai South (Night)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2014, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -9

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014)

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

Mumbai Eastern Suburbs (NightTime) 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40

2012

2011

2010

2009

Fig. 11. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Bhaubeej in Mumbai Eastern Suburb (Night)

Fig. 12. Pattern of variation of sound intensity on Bhaubeej in Mumbai Western Suburb (Night)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2014, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -10

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 2014)

ISSN: 2349-2163 http://ijirae.com

It is observed that though the permissible L(A)eq noise level set by CPCB is 55 dB(A) and 45 dB(A) for day and night time respectively for residential zone, the levels obtained at all places are much more than permissible limit for all 4 years. It is observed that on Laxmi Pujan L(A)eq sound levels are highest at 17 places during day time and 16 places during night time in year 2012 compared to all previous years. Similarly for Bhaubeej also at 18 places for day time and 17 places for night time L(A)eq are highest in the year 2012. Permissible noise level for industrial area is 75 dB(A) and 70 dB(A) for day and night respectively. The readings observed are even more than that at many location though most of the places are residential area. At 21 places during day time and 27 places during night time & at 17 places during day and 20 places during night noise levels are more than the limits set for industrial area on Laxmi Pujan & Bhaubeej respectively in the year 2012. Maximum high levels for day time are recorded in Mumbai South and at Suburban part of Mumbai noise levels are higher during night time one reason of this can be that this part of Mumbai is residential zone and people celebrate this festival mostly in night. V. CONCLUSION During the present study the noise levels observed by MPCB were analysed for the year 2009 to 2012 during the festival Deepawali in Mumbai. The Noise levels were found to have a range bound trend, which remained same for study period. The noise levels observed to be much higher than the permissible standard for the noise in the residential area. There was no reduction in the noise levels during these four years. VI. RECOMMENDATIONS The monitoring locations consist of areas belonging to residential, commercial and sensitive zones. The noise so produced during the festival are area source, so it is very hard to locate one particular high noise emitting source. To counter this problem following steps can be taken,  Proper supervision is required to make sure that cracker manufacturers/sellers following the noise standards set for crackers.  Making people more aware about the effects of noise pollution.  And to make sure that all existing laws, such as the time limit on the use of firecrackers, are followed by citizens. REFERENCES [1] Jamrah, A., Al-omari, A. And Sharabi, R. Evaluation of traffic noise pollution in Amman, Jordan. Environmenatal monitoring assessment 120 (1-3), 499-525, 2006. [2] Agarwal, S., Yadav, S. Noise Pollution and Its Impact on Health. International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), vol 3, no 6, 2013. [3] Martin, M. A., Tarrero, M. A., Gonzaler, A. And Machimbarrena, M. Exposure effect relationships between road traffic noise annoyance and cost valuations in Valladolid, Spain. Journal of applied acoustics 67 (10), 945-652, 2006. [4] Chien, M. K. And Shih, L. H. An imperical study of the implementation of green supply chain management practices in the electrical and electronics industry and their relation to organisational performances. International journal of environment, science and technology 4 (2) 383–394, 2007. [5] Concha-Barrientos, M., Campbell-Lendrum, D. and Steenland, K. Occupational noise, assessing the burden of decease from work related hearing impairment at national and local levels. Environmental burden disease series, no 9, World Health protection of the human environment, Geneva, 2004. [6] Saler, P., Vibhute, S. (2012). Ganeshotasv- A festival of noise. Journal of Engineering Research and Studies, vol. 3, No 1, 81-83, 2012. [7] Mangalekar, S. B., Jadhav, A. S. And Raut P. D. Study of noise pollution in Kolhapur city, Maharashtra, India. Vol. 2 issue 1, 65-69, 2012. [8] http://mpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/NoiseDeepawali09-new.pdf. [9] http://mpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/Report_Noise_Deepawali_2010.pdf. [10] http://mpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/Noise_deepawaliReport2011.pdf [11] http://mpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/MPCBDeepawaliNoise_2012.pdf.

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