Moving People In A Greener Way

STIR’s Mission To ensure the Greater Richmond Region’s  future transportation system provides  an array of cost‐effective, sustainable transportation choices all designed to move people  in a manner that maintains our                                 unprecedented  access and mobility  and minimizes the impact travel  has on our environment.

STIR Executive Committee John Bennett ‐ SVP, Finance and Administration, Virginia Commonwealth University Jack Berry‐Executive Director, Venture Richmond Mark Creery ‐ President, Data Directions, Inc. Robert Crum ‐ Executive Director, Richmond Regional Planning District Commission Mary Doswell ‐(STIR Executive Director) SVP of Alternative Energy Solutions, Dominion  Resources Doug Ford ‐ Automotive Technician, Automotive Engineering Student Jeff Jones ‐ Chairman and CEO, WF of R Media Byron Marshall‐ Chief Administrative Officer, City of Richmond John W. Martin ‐ President and CEO, Southeastern Institute of Research, Inc. Dr. Gary Rhodes ‐ President, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College Kim Scheeler ‐ President and CEO, Greater Richmond Chamber of Commerce Tom Silvestri ‐ President and Publisher, Richmond Times Dispatch Buck Ward  President, Segway of Richmond Greg Wingfield ‐ President, Greater Richmond Partnership, Inc. Jim Wright‐ Regional Director, Pulsar Advertising

Create A Movement

10

Local governments signed on to the STIR cause

500

Corporate ambassadors who join STIR

10

Corporate auto‐truck fleets who  pledge to buy EVs

10,000

Individual ambassadors                     who join STIR

1,000

Individuals who pledge                to buy a Ford/GM EV

Richmond and its EV Future  • Richmond selected by Ford Motor Company as one  of 19 pilot cities to launch EVs Ford/Dominion partnership EVs City of Richmond to purchase 4 EVs VCU to purchase 2 EVs JS Reynolds awarded $750K Federal Grant –to train  Auto Technicians to support EVs. • Ford‐$25,000 educational grant awarded VCU

• • • •

www.projectstir.org

Electric Vehicles – What Municipalities Need to Know Mary Doswell Senior Vice President Alternative Energy Solutions Dominion Resources, Inc. February 4, 2011

Electric Vehicles – What Municipalities Need to Know

OVERVIEW OF VEHICLES AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT

What are HEVs, PHEVs, and EVs?

• Primarily an internal combustion engine car with some electric vehicle functionality • Gasoline and electric power sources, and two parallel paths to power the wheels

• Uses both gasoline and electricity • Rechargeable batteries allow longer electric-only drive distance • 40 mile electric range/400 miles total

• Also called Pure EV (PEV), Full EV (FEV), or Battery EV (BEV) • No use of gasoline • Electric motor powered by large, rechargeable battery 100-200 mile range per charge

• Example: Toyota Prius • Example: Chevy Volt

Source: PRTM Management Consultants

• Example: Nissan LEAF, Tesla Roadster

PHEV/EV Charging Vehicle Charging and Battery Specifications Level 1 Charging

Level 2 Charging

DC Fast Charging

All‐Electric  Range

Demand

Charge Time

Demand

Charge Time

Demand

Charge Time

Chevy Volt

40 miles

0.96 – 1.4 kW

5 ‐ 8 hours

3.8 kW

2 ‐ 3 hours

N/A

N/A

Nissan Leaf

100 miles

1.8 kW

12 ‐ 16 hours

3.3 kW

6 ‐ 8 hours

50+ kW

15 ‐ 30 mins

Tesla Roadster

245 miles

1.8 kW

30+ hours

9.6 ‐ 16.8 kW

4 ‐ 12 hours

N/A

N/A

Potential Grid Impacts May Arise Due to the “Clustering” Effect • Multiple customers within a subdivision or neighborhood may purchase EVs and charge at the same time • This

could impact local distribution infrastructure (i.e. distribution transformers)

• Plans

to equip 2011 Ford Focus and 2012 Nissan Leaf with a 6.6 kW on-board charger – roughly equivalent to a modestly sized house load

Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and the Logistics of Charging Charge Points

Connecting to the Vehicle EVSE Supplies power to the vehicle through a standardized SAE J1772 Connector….

Residential Level 2 EVSE

Public Level 1 or 2 EVSE

DC Fast Charge Stations

currentevtech.com/top_sellers.html

…that plugs into the inlet located on the car. http://www.pr-inside.com/tokyo-electricThe Nissan Leaf’s two charging inlets are power-company-tepco-licenseshttp://www.coulombtech.com/productslocated on the front of the car. (Level 1 and 2 r1670968.htm photos.php Compliant J1772 Inlet is located on the right). For Level 1 and 2 charging, the chargers contained within the The DC Fast Charge inlet is on the left. vehicle convert AC power to DC power to charge the batteries. DC Fast Charging Stations, sometimes called Level 3 Charging Stations, utilize an off-board charger to provide the AC to DC conversion. http://www.flickr.com/photos/nostriimago/4303885101/in/photostream/

DC Fast Charge Stations are likely to mirror gas station model.

Electric Vehicles – What Municipalities Need to Know

THE URGENCY TO GET READY

Global PHEV/EV Market Place Approximately 35 New Models by 2013 Ford Transit Connect Mitsubishi i-Miev

Toyota Prius PHEV

Tesla Roadster

Toyota RAV4-EV CODA Sedan

BYD e6

Chevy Volt

Fisker Karma

Nissan LEAF

Ford Focus

Smart Fortwo ED

2010

2011

Tesla Model S

2012

2013

Potential downward pressure on emissions, increasing CAFE standards, reductions in incremental cost, advancing battery technology, availability of tax incentives, and higher gasoline prices may provide sustainable support for manufacturers

What are the Projections for VA and the Rest of the U.S. ? ?EV/PHEV Sales Expected to Track Hybrid Sales Source: Polk automotive sales data

EVs/PHEVs are expected to track hybrid sales

Dominion Virginia Power’s service territory has one of the highest hybrid adoption rates in the United States Source: Polk automotive sales data

Concentration of Hybrid Vehicles in Virginia Hybrid vehicles registered in Virginia by zip code. Source: VA DMV

EVs & PHEVs… They’re Coming To Virginia •

Chevy Volt and Nissan Leaf to arrive in Virginia by April 2011 -

Two Charging Service Providers received DOE grants totaling approximately $115 million to install 20, 000 Level 2 and DC Fast Chargers (EVSE) in several major cities, including Washington DC

•

Ford has chosen Richmond as one of 19 cities for the initial roll out of its all-electric Ford Focus starting late 2011.

•

Ford’s “Charging into the Future: The Ford Electric Vehicle Tour” • 14 city tour promoting Ford’s electric vehicle strategy • Purpose is to educate consumers about what to expect from EVs and what is needed from the public and private sector to support EVs.

Ford’s Electric Vehicles

Federal and State Legislation • Federal Government – Existing $7,500 tax credit for qualified plug-in electric motor vehicles – Existing 30% tax credit for charging infrastructure • Up to $30,000 for businesses, and up to $1,000 for residences – During the State of the Union Address, President Obama reiterated goal of 1 million EV/PHEVs on the road by 2015 • Proposed change of $7,500 tax credit to rebate at time of purchase

• Commonwealth of Virginia – Proposed Legislation – HB 2105: Would allow third-parties to provide EV charging services solely for transportation purposes which would not be considered “resale” of electricity – HB 1432: Extends eligibility of clean special fuel vehicles to use HOV lanes – SB 1086: Exempts plug-in electric vehicles from sales and use tax

Electric Vehicles – What Municipalities Need to Know

THE BENEFITS OF VEHICLE ELECTRIFICATION

Reduction in Carbon Emissions and Energy Security PHEV Emission Advantage • Transitioning transportation to electrification • The carbon intensity of the electric grid is lower than that of transportation fuels • Continue to lower carbon intensity of electric grid via state RPS programs and regional carbon regulation already in place

Energy Security Advantage • The fuel used to generate electricity in the US originates primarily in North America

Cost per Mile

Consumer Financial Drivers

PHEVs/EVs are 50% less expensive to fuel even at low gasoline prices. *Note: Average Va. Rate of 11.2 cents per kWh.

PHEVs/EVs with existing tax subsidy are price competitive. *Note: 1) 7 year life, no maintenance cost, and 12K Miles/year 2) Nissan Leaf: $25,280 ($32,780 - $7,500 tax credit), Chevy Volt: $32.5k ($40k – $7.5k tax credit), Hybrid (Prius): $27.5k, Conventional (Corolla): $20k. Electric Rate: Average VA 11.2 c/KWh

What is Dominion Doing? •

Current company owned EVs – 2 converted Toyota Prius sedans – 4 bucket trucks (EPRI Eaton Study)

•

Dominion will lease three Chevy Volts for research and interoperability assessment – Track usage of PHEVs to validate loading model •

•

Dominion is partnering with Ford to develop consumer outreach and education programs.

DVP has installed Shore Power units at New Kent County West Bound 64 Rest Area

EPRI Study Completed on Glebe Road - Circuit 328 – Determine whether T&D capacity will be sufficient to supply the increased demand of PHEV charging

•

Participated in Virginia Project Get Ready Initiative to educate the public about vehicle electrification and make recommendations for Virginia

•

Participating in EEI Transportation Electrification Task Force

Dominion and Ford will share information on charging needs and requirements to make sure the electrical grid can support the necessary demand.

Dominion Virginia Power’s Proposed EV Pilot Program • Pilot program offering time-of-use pricing options • DVP hopes to learn about the EV penetration, customer’s charging patterns, and impacts on the grid • Supports customers’ adoption of EVs while attempting to minimize grid modifications by encouraging off-peak charging – – – –

EV-only rate: 35 cents/night for 40-mile commute Whole-house rate: 33-41 cents/night for 40-mile commute Compares to 86 cents/night using standard residential rate Up to 750 participants in each rate option

Electric Vehicles – What Municipalities Need to Know

PUBLIC CHARGING INSTALLATIONS

Public EVSE: Responding to Range Anxiety Range Anxiety • • • •

Nissan Leaf - 100 mile range Chevy Volt - 40 mile all electric range Range anxiety will be less of a concern with PHEVs than EVs Consumers will need assurance of availability of public charging stations

Siting and Logistics • • • • •

Rights of Way and General Access Issues Liability, Safety, and Compliance with Zoning Regulations User Rotation Violations and Penalties Design Considerations

Costs and Revenue • • • •

Public installations can be expensive Pricing and User Payment Options Installation versus Charging Services Cost Revenue stream and cost recovery

PUBLIC CHARGING INSTALLATIONS: Recommendations to Municipalities •

Establish budget first – – – –

•

Establish clear process ownership –

•

Determine what agencies will be responsible for managing public charging stations and logistics

Develop strategic partnerships –

• • •

Look for cost sharing options Consider various EVSE providers, functionality and costs Consider pricing and user payment options Determine how costs will be recovered over necessary time horizon

Involve local community planners, business owners, neighboring municipalities, utilities, and car dealers

Establish working group for site selection Develop Site Selection Checklist Prioritize an initial list of installation projects – –

Focus on sites with projected high usage and ease of installation Considerations must also be given to public safety, convenience, proximity to utility equipment, future upgrade feasibility

What are the Central Regulatory Issues for Municipalities?

Electric Vehicles – What Municipalities Need to Know

CODES, STANDARDS, PERMITTING, AND INSPECTIONS

Permitting and Inspections for EVSE Installations The Traditional EVSE Installation Process

•

Because permitting and licensing for electrical work is handled at the local level, as many as 140 different permit processes may exist throughout Virginia.

•

Permitting and inspection rules that are confusing and require significant wait time will delay EVSE installations, frustrate consumers, and create a barrier to widespread electric vehicle adoption.

•

Expedited and streamlined permitting and licensing processes at the municipal level will be important to your constituents who buy EVs or PHEVs.

How Difficult is Your Permitting Process? General • • •

Process – Residential vs. Commercial Agencies involved and knowledge Technology Support

Permitting • • •

What is required? Who can request? Online Options?

Inspection and Approval • • •

Inspection required for approval? Lag Time issues Cost

Information Requirements • • •

Site plans? Wiring diagrams? EVSE information?

PERMITTING, AND INSPECTIONS: Recommendations to Municipalities •

Simplify Application Process

•

Consolidate permitting and inspection fees

•

Limit requirements for site plans or additional information

•

Educate your staff

•

Reduce number of agencies involved in EVSE permitting process

•

Expedite inspection and approval process

•

Communicate and collaborate

•

Form statewide collaborative to consider standardization

•

Urge state to amend Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code

Streamlining the Process Across the Country Dept. of Energy EV Permitting Project –

Resulted in a standard permitting template for residential installations and potentially eliminates the need for an inspection

–

Standard permit template to be tested in three key jurisdictions in 2011

“Minor Labor” E-Permitting Program in Oregon –

Oregon expanded its “Minor Label Program”, the state’s existing standardized permitting and inspection program, to cover the installation of EVSE in certain residential settings.

–

How the program works: • Contractors establish accounts and buy lots of 10 labels ($140) • Contractor documents how they were used in their online account • 10% of installations are inspected.

Examples of Localities with On-line Instant E-permitting for Contractors – Raleigh, North Carolina – San Francisco, California – Portland, Oregon and surrounding cities

Electric Vehicles – What Municipalities Need to Know

ZONING

Zoning: Electric Vehicles and EV Charging Infrastructure Establish an Overall Goal • •

Allow maximum zoning access for electric vehicles and EVSE State affirmatively where electric vehicles and EVSE are allowed

The Specifics • • • • •

Special Access Privileges Implications for Residential, Mixed Use, Commercial, Industrial and other zones On and Off-Street Parking to Accommodate EVs and EVSE and Accessibility Issues Safety, Lighting, and Signage Future Impacts and Long Term Planning

Avoiding Confusion and Confronting Unique Issues • • •

Definitions are Important Inter-municipal Collaboration on Model Ordinance EVs and EVSE - Unique Zoning Challenges

Electric Vehicle Charging Summary • Timeline to Preparedness: 2nd Quarter 2011 • Public charging needs will lag home charging needs. • Urban environments create additional challenges. • Coordination between localities and Dominion is essential to a positive customer experience. • The goal is not to be the bottleneck!