STDs: JUST THE FACTS

Copyright 2009 Human Relations Media, Inc.

ISBN 978-1-55548-789-8

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BEFORE:

AFTER:

Abstinence = not having sex

Abstinence = _____________

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STDs: Just the Facts

STDs: Just the Facts (slide 1)

Worried about STDs?

(slide 2)

You might not be concerned about STDs, but… X

Millions of teens get infected every year.

X

Some STDs can be cured; others are yours for life.

X

Being infected with one STD increases your risk of getting other STDs.

Let’s check it out…

What is an STD?

(slide 3)

STD = sexually transmitted disease X

Also called sexually transmitted infection (STI).

X

Infection is transmitted by sexual contact.

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STDs: Just the Facts

Yes or No?

(slide 4)

You can get an STD from: X

shaking hands

(no)

X

sitting on a toilet

(no)

X

drinking from a water fountain

(no)

X

sharing food or utensils

(no)

X

being bitten by an insect

(no)

X

being sneezed or coughed on

(no)

X

touching a person’s sweat or tears

(no)

Yes or No?

(slide 5)

You can get an STD through sexual contact.

(yes)

What is Sexual Contact?

(slide 6)

Sexual contact means any intimate contact (not just intercourse) with another person’s: X

lips

X

mouth

X

penis

X

vagina

X

anus

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STDs: Just the Facts

A Word about Abstinence

(slide 7)

Abstinence = not having sex X

100% effective in preventing STDs.

X

Lots of teens use this method.

The Hidden Epidemic

(slide 8)

Each year: X

X

Almost 20 million new cases of STDs among all sexually active people. Teens account for more than 3 million STD infections.

Risk Factors for STDs

(slide 9)

X

being a sexually active teen

X

having more than one sex partner

X

not using latex condoms

X

using alcohol or drugs

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STDs: Just the Facts

Risk Factors for STDs

(slide 10)

Females under the age of 25 have special risk factors: X X

They have higher rates of STDs than young males. They are less likely to experience symptoms, and may not know they are infected.

Risk Factors for STDs

(slide 11)

Young women risk permanent fertility problems from untreated STDs.

How Will I Know?

(slide 12)

If you’re sexually active and have symptoms like… X

abdominal pain

X

painful urination

X

pain during sex

X

unusual discharge from penis or vagina

X

genital soreness, burning or itching

…you may have an STD.

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STDs: Just the Facts

What Should I Do?

(slide 13)

Seek medical care. A doctor or nurse will: X

take a sexual and health history

X

do a physical exam

X

take samples (urine, blood and/or fluid from sores)

X

interpret test results

X

make a diagnosis

X

recommend treatment as needed

Get Regular Checkups

(slide 14)

Sexually active teens should go for a physical checkup once a year. X

Tell the doctor you’re having sex.

X

Ask for STD tests if they aren’t offered.

X

Young women should have a yearly pelvic exam and Pap smear.

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STDs: Just the Facts

What Causes STDs? X

bacteria

X

viruses

X

protozoans

X

parasitic insects

(slide 15)

Bacterial STDs

(slide 16)

Common bacterial STDs: X

chlamydia

X

gonorrhea

X

syphilis

Chlamydia

(slide 17)

X

More than 1 million cases reported yearly.

X

Half of these cases are among 15- to 19-year-olds.

X

If untreated, a leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

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STDs: Just the Facts

Chlamydia

(slide 18)

Symptoms may appear in 1-3 weeks: X

yellow discharge from penis or vagina

X

painful urination

X

lower abdominal pain (women)

X

painful intercourse (women)

X

swollen testicles (men)

75% of women have no symptoms.

Gonorrhea

(slide 19)

X

More than 300,000 cases reported yearly.

X

Highest rates are among 15- to 19-year-old females.

X

If untreated, is a leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Gonorrhea

(slide 20)

Symptoms may appear in 5-30 days: X

discharge from penis or vagina

X

constipation and rectal bleeding

X

painful frequent urination (men)

X

spotting between periods (women)

Women often have no symptoms. Human Relations Media

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STDs: Just the Facts

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

(slide 21)

PID = pelvic inflammatory disease X

Chronic painful infection of the female reproductive tract.

X

Results from untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea.

X

Treated with antibiotics.

X

1 million women affected each year.

Syphilis

(slide 22)

X

About 10,000 cases yearly.

X

If untreated, can lead to paralysis, blindness and death.

Syphilis

(slide 23)

Primary syphilis symptoms may appear in 10-90 days: X

painless sore (chancre) at site of infection

If untreated, becomes secondary syphilis: X

flu-like symptoms

X

rash on palms of hands, soles of feet

X

very contagious

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STDs: Just the Facts

Syphilis

(slide 24)

If untreated, becomes tertiary syphilis (after 10- to 20year dormancy): X

organ damage

X

blindness

X

paralysis

X

death

Bacterial STDs

(slide 25)

X

Can be cured with antibiotics.

X

Can be acquired again and again.

X

Both partners must be treated at the same time to prevent reinfection.

Preventing Bacterial STDs

(slide 26)

Abstinence: 100% effective Latex condoms: very effective if… X

used properly

X

every time

X

with every partner

X

for oral, anal or vaginal sex

X

NO EXCUSES

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STDs: Just the Facts

Viral STDs

(slide 27)

X

Cannot be cured; you’re infected for life.

X

Common viral STDs:

X

X

HIV

X

genital herpes

X

genital warts (HPV)

X

hepatitis B

May be controlled by anti-viral meds.

HIV

(slide 28)

HIV = human immunodeficiency virus X X

About 56,000 new cases each year. More than 500,000 people are living with HIV, including almost 7,000 children under 13.

Half of all new cases are people under age 25.

HIV X X

(slide 29)

Flu-like symptoms appear a few weeks after infection. HIV and the immune system remain in a stand-off battle for years.

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STDs: Just the Facts

HIV

(slide 30)

When immune system begins to lose (5-8 years after infection): X

weight loss

X

swollen glands

X

extreme fatigue

X

fungal infection in mouth (thrush)

HIV

(slide 31)

If untreated, HIV infection can progress to AIDS: X X

X

Pneumosystis pneumonia of the lungs Kaposi’s sarcoma (cancer that causes red or purple skin blotches) Other, less common, diseases

Death is possible if untreated.

HIV Treatment & Prevention

(slide 32)

Treatment: X X

Anti-viral meds when symptoms begin. Successful treatment aims to prolong the quality and length of life.

Prevention: X

abstinence

X

latex condoms

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STDs: Just the Facts

Genital Herpes X

X

(slide 33)

1 in 5 sexually active people are infected with herpes simplex 2. X

1 in 4 are women

X

1 in 8 are men

Painful and embarrassing, but no known long-term health risks.

Genital Herpes

(slide 34)

Symptoms may appear 2 weeks after infection: X

itchy blisters on the genitals and surrounding skin

X

outbreaks usually become less frequent over time

X

transmission can occur even between outbreaks Many infected people never have an outbreak.

Genital Herpes Treatment

(slide 35)

X

Meds can reduce symptoms during outbreaks.

X

Anti-viral meds may help reduce transmission.

X

Do not have sex during outbreaks.

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STDs: Just the Facts

HPV

(slide 36)

HPV = human papillomavirus X

More than 100 viruses in HPV family.

X

40 are sexually transmitted.

X

An estimated half of all sexually active people will be infected with HPV.

HPV

(slide 37)

Symptoms may appear from 1 month to several years after infection: X

warts on genitals, anus or groin

X

warts may be flat, raised or cauliflower-shaped

X

may grow, remain the same size or disappear Most infected people have no symptoms.

HPV – Risks

(slide 38)

Several strains of HPV can cause: X

cancer of the cervix

X

cancer of the penis

X

cancer of the vagina

X

cancer of the anus

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STDs: Just the Facts

HPV Vaccine X

(slide 39)

Protects against HPV strains responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and some genital warts.

X

Must be given before infection occurs.

X

Approved for women 9-26 years old; not for men.

HPV Treatment X X

X

(slide 40)

Warts can be removed. Pre-cancerous tissue detected in Pap smears can be removed. No medication exists for treatment.

Hepatitis B

(slide 41)

X

About 5,000 cases each year.

X

Virus infects the liver.

X

Can cause liver cancer, liver failure and death.

X

Vaccine available.

X

44 states require vaccine for public school attendance.

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STDs: Just the Facts

Prevention

(slide 42)

Genital warts and HPV: X

Condoms are recommended, but not entirely effective— both can be spread by areas not covered by condoms.

Hepatitis B: X

Condoms are effective.

Other STDs – Trichomoniasis

(slide 43)

X

Caused by microscopic protozoa.

X

An estimated 7.4 million cases each year.

X

X

The most common, curable STD among young, sexually active women. Latex condoms prevent transmission.

Trichomoniasis

(slide 44)

Symptoms may appear in 1-4 weeks: X

frothy, smelly vaginal discharge

X

discharge from penis

X

genital itching

X

pain during intercourse

X

painful urination Men usually have no symptoms.

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STDs: Just the Facts

Trichomoniasis Treatment X

Treated with anti-microbials.

X

Repeat infections possible.

X

(slide 45)

Both partners must be treated at the same time to prevent reinfection.

Other STDs – Pubic Lice

(slide 46)

Tiny, wingless parasitic insects, also called “crabs.” X

burrow into the skin

X

feed on blood

X

lay their eggs on skin

X

new lice mature 2 weeks after hatching

Transmitted by close physical contact (such as sexual contact), sharing towels or clothing.

Pubic Lice

(slide 47)

Symptoms include: X

redness

X

swelling

X

itching

Can quickly spread to anus, eyelashes and other areas of the body.

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STDs: Just the Facts

Now What?

(slide 48)

You’ve learned about: X

STD symptoms

X

how to get treatment

X

how to prevent STDs Knowledge = Power

Other products from Human Relations Media: ) Parenthood: Are You Prepared? Human Reproduction and Childbirth Avoiding the Teen Pregnancy Trap Preparing for Marriage Contraception Options

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STDs: Just the Facts