Spring Break FCAT Prep Review 7th Grade

Earth/Space SC.6.E.7.4 Differentiate and show interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

1. In 2011, a major tsunami struck the coast of Northern Japan. Read the following statements and decide which statement is TRUE based on what you know about the Earth system. A. Since tsunamis occur in the ocean, it is only possible for it to affect the hydrosphere. B. The tsunami had a great impact on the shape of Japan (geosphere) and its living organisms (biosphere). C. The tsunami only affected the organisms that live in the ocean (hydrosphere). D. It is not possible for a tsunami to affect any of the Earth systems. 2.

Which two Earth spheres are interacting if a lightning strike were to start a forest fire? A. atmosphere and biosphere B. biosphere and hydrosphere C. atmosphere and geosphere D. hydrosphere and biosphere

SC.8.E.5.5 Describe and classify specific physical properties of stars: apparent magnitude (brightness), temperature (color), size, and luminosity (absolute brightness).

3. The graph below shows the relationship between absolute magnitude and color in stars.

Which one of these conclusions can be drawn based on the graph? A. B. C. D.

Absolute magnitude is not related to the color of a star. Blue stars are farther from Earth than red stars. Blue stars are generally more luminous than red stars. A blue star will appear brighter from Earth’s surface than a red star. Carver Middle School 2014-2015 Property of J. Ellis

4. .During a class astronomy project, the teacher displayed a table similar to the one below that relates the color of a star to its surface temperature.

Color blue blue-white white yellow-white yellow orange red

Temperature and Color of Various Stars Surface Temperature Example (K) Above 25,000 10 Lacertae 10,000–25,000 Rigel 7,500–10,000 Vega 6,000–7,500 Canopus 5,000–6,000 sun 3,500–5,000 Aldebaran Below 3,500 Betelgeuse

The teacher gave Kwan a card with the following description of a star: Star A 6,750 K Based on the table above, what color should Kwan predict the star will be? A. red B. blue C. orange D. yellow-white SC.8.E.5.3 Distinguish the hierarchical relationships between planets and other astronomical bodies relative to solar system, galaxy, and universe, including distance, size, and composition. 5. The objects that compose our solar system vary in size. What is the largest object in our solar system? A. Earth B. Jupiter C. Sun D. Earth’s moon 6. A galaxy contains stars, gas, and dust. This matter must be held together or the galaxy will break apart. What is responsible for holding the stars, gas, and dust together in a galaxy? A. heat B. light C. gravity D. friction 7. Which of the following correctly lists the objects of space in order from largest to smallest? A. universe, galaxy, star, planet B. universe, galaxy, planet, star C. galaxy, universe, star, planet D. galaxy, universe, planet, star

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8. The following table shows the densities of the planets in our solar system. Planet Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Density (g/cm3) 5.427 5.204 5.515 3.934 1.326 0.687 1.290 1.638

Based on its density, which kind of planet is Uranus? A. gas giant B. terrestrial C. supergiant D. white dwarf SC.8.E.5.7 compare and contrast the properties of objects in the Solar System including the Sun, planets, and moons to those of Earth, such as gravitational force, distance from the sun, speed, movement, temperature, and atmospheric conditions. 9. From space, Earth appears blue. Both Neptune and Uranus also appear blue in color. Which of the following best describes the cause of the blue color of these planets? A. Earth has a solid core which absorbs blue light, while Neptune and Uranus have a small gaseous core which reflects all light. B. Earth is mostly covered with water, which reflects blue light, while gases in the atmosphere of Neptune and Uranus affect their color. C. Earth has a large amount of plant foliage that reflects blue light into space, while Neptune and Uranus have atmospheres consisting of blue gases. D. Earth's surface has a solid core consisting of metals that reflect blue light, while Neptune and Uranus contain silicates that reflect blue light particles. 10. Of all the planets in our Solar System, Earth is the only one on which life as we know it exists. Which of the following best describes a factor that allows Earth to be capable of supporting life, while other planets are unable to do so? A. Earth revolves slowly enough for seasons to occur. B. Earth is large enough to sustain a variety of species. C. Earth has an atmosphere to filter and trap energy from the Sun. D. Earth rotates fast enough for gravity to hold objects on its surface.

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SC.8.E.5.9 Explain the impact of objects in space on each other including: 1. The Sun on the Earth including seasons and gravitational attraction 2. The Moon on the Earth, including phases, tides, and eclipses, and eclipses, and the relative position of each body 11. Allyse's family lives near the beach. Every day there is a high tide and a low tide. Allyse notices that sometimes the high tides are higher and the low tides are lower than they are at other times. She realizes that this happens in a predictable pattern. What causes the highest of high tides and the lowest of low tides to occur? A. Earth's axis changes the direction in which it is tilted. B. The Moon is in the first-quarter and last-quarter phases. C. The Sun, the Moon, and Earth are lined up in a straight line. D. The season changes and the temperature differences affect the water levels. 12. Kyle and Ryan are camping in Ryan's backyard in order to watch a lunar eclipse through a telescope that they have set up. Which of the following describes the positions of Earth, the Moon, and the Sun during a lunar eclipse? A. The Sun passes between Earth and the Moon. B. The Moon passes between Earth and the Sun. C. Earth passes between the Moon and the Sun. D. The Sun and the Moon pass Earth at the same time. 13. The diagram below shows the position of Earth at four different times during the year.

Which two positions represent winter and summer in the Northern hemisphere, respectively? A. B. C. D.

position A and position B position C and position D position B and position D position A and position C

14. What causes the phases of the Moon? A. the tilt of Earth on its axis B. Earth's shadow being cast on the Moon C. the relative positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth D. the elliptical orbit that Earth travels around the Sun

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SC.7.E.6.5 Explore the scientific theory of plate tectonics by describing how the movement of Earth’s crustal plates causes both slow and rapid changes in Earth’s surface including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and mountain building 15. The diagram shown below shows a rift zone forming between two oceanic plates.

Which of these actions is shown just below the center of the rift zone? A. B. C. D.

subduction magma flowing up lava becoming solid continental crust melting

16. According to the most widely accepted hypothesis, what is the main force that causes tectonic plates to move? A. force of Earth's rotation B. magnetic fields of Earth's crust C. gravitational pull of Earth's core D. convection currents in Earth's lithosphere SC.7.E.6.2 Identify the patterns within the rock cycle and relate them to surface events (weathering and erosion) and sub-surface events (plate tectonics and mountain building). 17. Yoko wanted to create a flow chart to show how one type of rock can change into metamorphic rock. The illustration below shows what Yoko has drawn so far.

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Which of the following would not be an accurate label for the arrow? A. heat B. light C. pressure D. time 18. Basalt forms when lava cools on Earth’s surface. Granite forms when magma cools within the Earth. Which of these statements correctly classifies both basalt and granite? A. B. C. D.

Basalt and granite are both igneous rocks. Basalt and granite are both metamorphic rocks. Basalt is igneous rock, and granite is metamorphic rock. Basalt is metamorphic rock, and granite is igneous rock.

SC.7.E.6.4 Explain and give examples of how physical evidence supports scientific theories that Earth has evolved over geologic time due to natural processes. 19. The figure below shows an example of a geologic change that supports the principle of uniformitarianism.

What geologic change is shown in the figure? A. B. C. D.

abrasion deposition erosion volcanism

20. Scientists have discovered dinosaur fossils that have evidence of feathers. Some scientists think the feathers might have kept the dinosaurs warm. If so, in what type of environment did these dinosaurs probably live? A. hot desert B. tropical rain forest C. region near the equator D. area with cold seasonal temperatures Carver Middle School 2014-2015 Property of J. Ellis

Nature of Science SC.7.N.1.2 Differentiate replication (by others) from repetition (multiple trials) 21. When scientists conduct experiments, they share their data and conclusions with other scientists so that A. society will accept what the scientists say. B. new scientific laws and theories can be quickly established C. other scientists can also get credit for scientific discoveries. D. other scientists can try to verify the results by repeating the same procedure. 22. Mandy wanted to see if a new, environmentally-friendly pesticide will prevent insect damage to tomato plants. After making her hypothesis, she conducts her experiment. She treats five tomato plants with traditional pesticide and five with the new pesticide. Mandy also leaves five plants untreated as a control. She makes careful notes of how she set up her experiment and then records her data about all of the plants. Why is it important for Mandy to record her procedures and data accurately? A. So that the hypothesis will always be correct B. So that she can look intelligent when she presents her data C. So that society does not waste money on buying pesticides that do not work D. So that other scientists can replicate the experiment and make sure that results are correct SC.7.N.1.5 describe the methods used in the pursuit of a scientific explanation as seen in different fields of science such as biology, geology, and physics 23. A car company is designing a new seatbelt. To test the design, engineers place a simulation dummy into the car and crash the car into a wall at a high speed. What benefit does this method of testing provide? A. The company can save money by testing fewer cars. B. The company can eliminate the need for testing in the future. C. The company can test the design without harming any real people D. The company can design many different types of seatbelts at once 24. A biologist is studying the migratory behavior of a species of sharks. Which is the best method the biologist could use in the study? A. Develop a theory for why the sharks behave a certain way. B. Collect data by observing the behavior of the sharks in the wild. C. Design a controlled experiment to test the behavior of the sharks. D. Create a prediction of sharks’ behavior by using other scientists’ data.

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SC.7.N.1.1 Define a problem from the seventh grade curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigation of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions 25. Kevin has designed an experiment to determine the quickest way to create usable compost. Composting breaks down organic material into matter that is beneficial to soil and gardens. To make composting happen faster, the compost pile needs to be turned. Kevin wants to find out if turning a compost pile twice a day will create usable compost faster than turning a pile just once a day. How many sets of compost piles would be best for Kevin to include in his experiment? A. two: one that is turned once a day and one that is turned twice a day B. three: one that will never be turned, one that is turned once a day, and one that is turned twice a day C. seven: one for each day of the week D. fourteen: one for each of the days of the week over a two-week period 26. Colleen waters the plants in her greenhouse once every day. She wants to find out if the plants will grow more leaves if they are watered more often. She counts the number of leaves on each plant before she starts. She then continues to water half of each type of plant once daily, but she waters the other half of each type twice a day. What is the dependent variable in Colleen's experiment? A. B. C. D.

The type of plant being grown The number of leaves the plants grow The amount of light the plants receive The number of times the plants are watered

SC.7.N.3.1. recognize and explain the difference between theories and laws and give several examples of scientific theories and the evidence that supports them 27. One of the scientists who proposed the theory that the Sun was the center of our Solar System was Copernicus. This was different from the accepted theory of the time, which stated that Earth was the center of our solar system. How was the theory that the Sun was the center of the Solar System finally accepted? A. B. C. D.

Ancient documents were discovered that supported his ideas He tested his theory by throwing rocks and recording where they fell Scientific evidence was gathered that proved the old theory to be wrong Copernicus sent rovers into space to see whether the Sun or Earth moved.

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28. In what way is a scientific law different from a scientific theory? A. A law is true in all situations and all circumstances, while a theory is only true in certain instances. B. A law describes the major ideas of the universe, while theories are based on the smaller ideas of the universe.

C. A law is based on testable facts and data, while a theory is just a combination of one or more hypotheses that have not been tested

D. A law expresses a relationship between two or more variables, while a theory explains the causal mechanism of how something happens

SC.6.N.2.2. explain that scientific knowledge is durable because it is open to change as new evidence or interpretations are encountered 29. Which statement describes how a scientist makes scientific explanations? A. A scientist bases scientific explanations on a large body of observations of the world. B. A scientist bases scientific explanations only on other scientists’ opinions. C. A scientist bases scientific explanations on personal experience and opinions. D. A scientist suggests scientific explanations and makes up evidence to make them true. 30. Which of these events might lead to the modification of a scientific idea? A. A scientist uses a computer to teach a scientific concept to students. B. Two scientists doing the same experiment in different parts of the world under the same conditions get the same results. C. One scientist finds evidence that she feels doesn’t fit a theory. Other scientists agree that her results are valid. D. A scientist performs an experiment and finds out that one of the chemicals used in the experiment was contaminated.

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Life SC.6.L.15.1 Analyze and describe how and why organisms are classified according to shared characteristics with emphasis on the Linnaean system combined with the concept of Domains.

31. During a laboratory project, Sunita and William use a dichotomous key to identify different insects. The dichotomous key and one of the insects they need to identify are shown in the following figure.

In what step of the dichotomous key will Sunita and William identify the insect? A. B. C. D.

step 1 step 2 step 5 step 6

32. During an experiment, India examines prepared slides that her teacher has given her. One of the slides shows a single-celled organism that lives in soil. It has a nucleus and several internal structures. To which domain does the organism likely belong? A. B. C. D.

Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Protista

33. Some living things are able to tolerate life in hot springs. To which of the following domains would these organisms most likely belong? A. B. C. D.

Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Protista

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SC.7.l..15.2 Explore the scientific theory of evolution by recognizing and explaining ways in which genetic variation and environmental factors contribute to evolution by natural selection and diversity of organisms.

34. Budgies, or parakeets, are one of the most popular pets in the world. Captive budgies come in a variety of colors, including white and blue. Wild budgies live in Australia and are only green and yellow. How might the color of their feathers help the wild budgies to survive? A. It helps them to find a mate. B. Their color makes it easier for them to find food. C. It makes it easier for them to blend into the trees. D. Their color makes them more likely to be collected as pets. 35. The modern horse, Equus ferus caballus, is so wide-spread that it can be found on nearly every continent on Earth. However, the modern horse does not appear in the fossil record until about 3 million years ago. Which of the following best explains why? A. Its bones were not able to fossilize. B. It evolved from other ancient species of horses. C. It was extinct and then came back 30 million years ago. D. Its fossils were destroyed by lava from volcanic eruptions. SC.6.L.14.2 Investigate and explain the components of the scientific theory of cells (cell theory): all organisms are composed of cells (single-celled or multi-cellular), all cells come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of life.

36. Isabel and Ayana are studying cell theory for an upcoming science test. Ayana says, “Examples of things that are not made of cells include air, iron, diamonds, and firewood.” Ayana is incorrect about one of these materials. Which of the following is made of cells? A. Air B. Diamonds C. Firewood D. Iron 37. The cell theory applies to all organisms, including the five shown below. Drawings of Five Organisms

Snail

butterfly

shelf fungi

euglena

cactus

Which of the following statements describes how these organisms are an example of the cell theory? A. The organisms have cells that lack a nucleus B. The organisms are made of one or more cells C. The cells of the organisms undergo photosynthesis D. The cells of the organisms are identical to each other

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38. Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells have some parts that are different. Which of the following would you find only in a eukaryotic cell? A. membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus B. a nucleus and organelles without membranes C. a cell membrane and organelles without membranes D. membrane-bound organelles and DNA in cytoplasm SC.6.L.14.3 Recognize and explore how cells of all organisms undergo similar processes to maintain homeostasis, including extracting energy from food, getting rid of waste, and reproducing. 39. Cells must be able to perform certain functions in order to survive. Which of the following must all

cells do to survive? A. obtain energy B. use oxygen C. absorb wastes D. continue growing 40. What is the result of homeostasis at the cellular level?

A. B. C. D.

The cell dies. The cell divides. The cell no longer obtains energy. The environment within the cell is stable.

SC.6.L.14.4 Compare and contrast the structure and function of major organelles of plant and animal cells, including cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles

41. What is a difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells? A. Only prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm. B. Only eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane. C. Only prokaryotic cells have genetic material. D. Only eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. 42. Which of the following is true of the DNA of a eukaryotic cell? A. It separates cells from their environment. B. It contains information needed to make proteins. C. It is made of proteins and supports a cell’s shape. D. It is found outside the nucleus of a cell in the cytoplasm. 43. Which cellular organelle is responsible for digestion and for the breakdown of damaged organelles inside an animal cell, but not in a plant cell? A. Golgi complex B. lysosome C. ribosome D. rough endoplasmic reticulum

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SC.6.L.14.5 Identify and investigate the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive, excretory, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal) and describe ways these systems interact with each other to maintain homeostasis. 44. The human skeletal system is an example of how function depends on structure. Which

statement describes the relationship between the structure and function of the human skeletal system? A. The skeletal system breaks down food into nutrients that the body can use. B. The skeletal system returns fluids to blood vessels and helps get rid of bacteria and viruses. C. The skeletal system provides a frame to support and protect the body and allows the body to move. D. The skeletal system receives information about the body and the environment and responds to that information. 45. Organ systems have different functions in the body, but they all work together to meet the needs

of the body. The following illustration shows four body systems.

Which system controls the functions of the other three systems? A. B. C. D.

system 1 system 2 system 3 system 4

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46. Which statement explains the difference between infectious and noninfectious diseases?

A. An infectious disease is caused by genetics; a noninfectious disease is caused by environmental factors. B. A noninfectious disease is caused by parasites or fungi; an infectious disease is caused by viruses or bacteria. C. An noninfectious disease can spread from person to person or from animals to people; an infectious disease cannot spread in these manners. D. An infectious disease can spread from person to person or from animals to people; a noninfectious disease cannot spread in these manners. SC.7.L.17.2 Compare and contrast the relationships among organisms such as mutualism, predation, parasitism, competition, and commensalism.

47. The food web below shows the relationships between the organisms in a forest ecosystem. If a drought occurs and kills off most of the grass, what is the most likely outcome?

A. The populations of all levels of consumers would decrease. B. The primary consumers would have to adapt to eating each other. C. Only the population of the secondary and tertiary consumers would decline. D. The primary consumers would die and the secondary consumers would eat them. 48. Cleaner fish feed on parasites in a shark's mouth and gills. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the cleaner fish and the shark? A. competitive B. mutualistic C. nonexistent D. parasitic

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SC.7.L.16.1 Understand and explain that every organism requires a set of instructions that specifies its traits, that this hereditary information (DNA) contains genes located in the chromosomes of each cell, and that heredity is the passage of these instructions from one generation to another.

49. Which of these effects could not be directly caused by mutations in human DNA? A. B. C. D.

cancer an injury a genetic disorder an inherited disorder

50. Which of these choices describes a segment of DNA that determines a specific trait in a person, such as attached earlobes? A. a gene B. a phenotype C. a chromosome D. a characteristic 51. The allele for dimples is dominant and the allele for no dimples is recessive. If two parents that are heterozygous for dimples produce a child, what are the chances the child will have dimples? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100% SC.6.L.14.1 Describe and identify patterns in the hierarchical organization of organisms from atoms to molecules and cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to organisms.

52. Eugene drew the following diagram to describe the levels of structural organization of an animal’s body. At the top of the pyramid he put the animal’s body. The level of organization that is least specialized will be at the bottom.

Which of the following should Eugene list at the bottom of his diagram? A. organ B. tissue C. cell D. organ system Carver Middle School 2014-2015 Property of J. Ellis

53. Jana is studying the structure and function of different parts of a flowering plant. She drew and labeled the plant shown in the following illustration.

Which statement is a function of the roots? A. They are connected to the stem. B. They have tiny root hairs on them. C. They are about 15 cm long. D. They take in nutrients from the soil. 54. Which statement is true? A. Tissues are made up of organs. B. Organs are made up of organisms. C. Cells are made up of organ systems. D. Organ systems are made up of organs.

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SC.8.L.18.4 cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws of Conservation of Mass and energy

55. Look at the diagram below. Which of the following best describes how carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is changed by living organisms?

A. It is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis. B. It is created when factory workers burn fossil fuels. C. It is exchanged for water vapor through the process of respiration. D. It is used by plants and animals to convert organic carbon to oxygen . 56. Jimmy is running laps during his physical education class. As he is running, he starts to breathe harder as his body tries to get more oxygen. Which of the following best explains why Jimmy's oxygen requirement increases? A. His cells use oxygen as their primary source of energy. B. His cells need oxygen to help them break down sugars for energy. C. His cells need oxygen to increase the levels of sugars in the blood. D. His cells use oxygen to transport substances across their cell membranes.

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