Southern California Bamboo The newsletter of the Southern California Chapter of the American Bamboo Society. A California 501 (c) (3) non-profit educational charitable corporation, incorporated July 22, 1991 Chapter Web site: http://www.ABSSoCal.org Volume 19, No. 6

November, 2009

Scheduled Meetings, Work Parties, and Sales 2009 November

No Event Scheduled

December January 23, 2010

No Event Scheduled Bamboo Crafts and Fences Workshop

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Election Results A total of 10 ballots were cast. Don Reed received 10 votes for Director. Bob Verkade received 9 votes for Director and Jim Rehor received one vote for Director. Two Director positions were available. Taylor Murphy received 10 votes for Alternate Director. Mike Mullert received 8 votes for Alternate Director. Jim Rehor and Julian Duval received one vote each for Alternate Director. Two Alternate Director positions were available. Thank you to all of you who voted. Figure 2 Bamboo mealybug (Palmicultur lumpurensis) Photo by Don Reed.

Bamboo Mealybug at San Diego Botanic Garden San Diego County Agricultural officials have found the bamboo mealybug in bamboos planted in the ground at the San Diego Botanic Garden (formerly Quail Botanical Gardens) as reported in the last newsletter. The bug was found also in the ABS-SoCal Reference Collection as well but subsequent inspections have not turned up the bug there. The bamboos in the Reference Collection have been treated with a systemic insecticide to destroy the pest. Because the pest is classified as Class Q no plants may be added or removed from the site until the County of San Diego lifts the quarantine.

Bamboo Geographica Part IV- Australia This installment of Cliff Sussman’s trip to southeast Asia and Australia in the summer of 2008 is expected to be presented in the January 2010 newsletter. The Online Bamboo Compendium by Cliff Sussman I am pleased to announce the formation of a new bamboo resource that was developed

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as an offshoot of the 8th WBO conference this summer by Mr.Bernt Carstenschulz.

the botanic garden of Bakau and at projects in Banjulinding and Brikama. We ourselves saw various kinds of bamboo, but when we asked which species, we received a condescending and invariable reply: bamboo…(what else). None of the bamboos looked good, because there they were not well cared for and received no fertilizer and water and that in a climate where it is dry for eight months. At a private residence stood a bamboo with a very reasonable appearance; it was certainly 20 meters (65.6 feet) high and very dark green. Moreover, it had beautiful, thick new shoots (see picture). We have heard that one can handily determine species from the shoots; that is why we made photos in the hope that someone can help us determine which bamboo this is. Unfortunately, this is to this day not successful. Everyone who can help us with determination or otherwise can give us advice with relationship to our bamboo, we gladly invite to that end.

Basically, this will be an electronic version of the "Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database" and Dieter Ohrnberger's classic text "Bamboos of the World". Ultimately it will allow users in the field or at home to identify and name bamboos through a Web based interactive database. Imagine looking up bamboo info on your cellphone! Please send your inquiries to me or our director in Chiang Mai, Thailand. [email protected] Tropical Bamboo in Gambia by Wilma Dijkstra Translated from Dutch by Roy Wiersma We have been crazy about bamboo for years and always have had bamboo in our gardens. Now we are busy with our place in Gambia creating and there we want, of course, bamboo, tropical bamboo. But how do you do that? For on the first looking around in Gambia we had seen no bamboo. Gambia is subtropical, lies on the West Coast of Africa, and is surrounded on three sides by Senegal. In Gambia, it is bone dry 8 months, rains plenty for two months (August and September), and it rains two months on and off. Is this a good climate for bamboo? And for which bamboo then? The past few years we have consulted with bamboo experts in the Netherlands. They warned us to take with us from here no bamboos, because “our” kinds have need of a cold rest period. It is better to look around in Gambia which varieties are occurring and go with those kinds. Searching Expedition And that is what we have done. After asking around where we could find bamboo, we looked in

Figure 3 Unidentified shoot – 1

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These pupils we now are pampering so that we will keep variety in our bamboo. Acquaintances Share Actually we do not wish to keep the bamboo to ourselves; our idea is to make an educational garden from our garden. We wish to acquaint the local people with the nice product bamboo, to show what the advantages are and everything that you can do with bamboo. For that purpose we must still do much preparation, but we have pleasure in it! Reference Dijkstra, Wilma. Zomer 2009. Tropische bamboe in Gambia. Bamboe – Tijdschrift van de European Bamboo Society, afdeling Nederland. Jaargang 19, Nummer 2, 2009. Bamboo Artificial Ear by Roy Wiersma I was looking something up in August 2009 in a volume of an old set of the World Book Encyclopedia when I came across an article on “ear.” One section of the article shows how to build an artificial ear where each part of the artificial ear represents a part of the human ear. Seeing the obvious adaptation using bamboo, I built an artificial ear based on the diagrams in the article.

Figure 4 Unidentified shoot - 2

First Planting In the meantime we have a few purchased culm cuttings belonging of said bamboo spread out over our property and a whole row of clumps along a wall. The bamboos are in deep holes with a lot of compost. Making compost in a tropical land is not difficult and goes very quickly! Just like the growth of bamboo for that matter! Not to be believed and something to be thankful for! Our Own Plant Culturing We also tried to grow bamboo from seed and that is – as far as known – still very difficult. From the seeds of Dendrocalamus giganteus, Bambusa arundinacea, Phyllostachys pubescens, Bambusa lako, Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa ventricosa, Bambusa textilis, and Qiongzhuea tumidinoda ultimately only something of Dendrocalamus giganteus and Dendrocalamus strictus came up.

Figure 5 Bamboo Artificial Ear.

A culm section of Bambusa beecheyana about 3.75 inches (9.5 cm) in outside diameter was used

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as the external auditory canal with a perforated paper plate functioning as the auricle. This represents the outer ear. It may be helpful to rub down the inside of a freshly cut culm piece to better enable sound wave transmittal. The opposite end of the culm section has a piece of tracing paper fastened to it with a rubber band. A button is taped to the middle of the tracing paper on the outside. Over this is hung a wooden dowel (later I used a branch of Bambusa textilis) using a piece of string or yarn taped both to the dowel and to the bamboo culm section. The wooden dowel is inserted with a thumbtack. This assembly minus the thumbtack represents the middle ear where the tracing paper is the eardrum, the button is the malleus and the dowel is the incus. The inner ear consisting of the stapes and the cochlea are represented by the thumbtack and plastic cup filled with water, respectively (see Fig. 5).

desired angle of the “incus.” Also, I substituted the solid state radio shown in Figure 5 with a radio comprised of vacuum tubes I helped my dad build in the late 1970s or 1980 (see Figs. 7 and 8). I tested the vacuum tube radio first on the initial model and had similar results. Sound is visualized on the surface of the cup of water by the constant formation and deterioration of concentric circles. I found this is best seen if tested indoors by the reflection of a blue sky on the surface of the water; otherwise one may encounter difficulty “seeing” sound waves.

I made two modifications to the bamboo artificial ear. One was inspired by a diagram accompanying the article where one can hear sound distortion transmitted by the artificial ear in this case using another culm section of Bambusa beecheyana fitted with tracing paper to receive the impulses from the dowel and thumbtack assembly. (see Fig. 6).

Figure 7 Modification 2 to the Bamboo Artificial Ear

Figure 6 Modification 1 to the Bamboo Artificial Ear

In a second modification of the bamboo artificial ear I substituted the wooden dowel with a piece of a branch of Bambusa textilis. This required the attachment of an additional button to change to a

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Figure 8 Inside look at the Radio Shack Archer Kit AM Super Heterodyne Radio purchased in the early 1970s.

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Reference Fabricant, Noah D. 1980. “Ear.” The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. [Relevant illustrations by Bill Fleming]. pp. 5- 8b.

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Bali BBG Bamboo Species List and Comments by Cliff Sussman Number of Specimens 1 7 4

Bamboos of BBG Bambusa blumeana Bambusa maculata Bambusa multiplex Bambusa multiplex var auriestiati

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Bambusa ooh 14

Bambusa ooh TYPE PLANT Bambusa sp. Bambusa sp. 'Desa Ubung' (Lombok) Pen 507 Bambusa sp. 'Gunung Bongak' (L ombok) Pen 510 Bambusa sp. 'Hutan Binangga' (Sulawesi) DT2WJB 72 Bambusa sp. 'Kelurahan Prapen' (Lombok) Pen 517 Bambusa sp. 'Pegunungan Latimojong' (Sulawesi) Dm 1274 Bambusa sp. 'Penglipuran' (Bali) Ida 4428 Bambusa sp. 'Taman Suranadi' (L ombok) Pen 506 Bambusa sp. 'tiying ampel' (Bali) KS. 3 Bambusa sp. 'TWA.Malino' (Sulawesi) GT 1579 Bambusa sp.'Desa Selubung' (Lombok) Pen 500 Bambusa sp.'Kawasan hutan TWA.' (Sulawesi) Dm.I 101 Bambusa sp.'Kandari - Kawasan Hutan Watuapi' (Sulawesi) LS.S3 Bambusa sp.'tempat terbuka' (Flores)

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Bambusa tuldoides Bambusa vulgaris Bambusa vulgaris striata Bambusa vulgaris var.' wamin' Chusquea coronalis Dendrocalamus asper Dendrocalamus brandesii Dendrocalamus sp. ' petung piit' (Bali) Ida 4634 Dendrocalamus sp. 'Dusun Keladian' (Bali) Ida 4503 Dendrocalamus sp. 'petung gambang' (Bali) Ida 4635 Dendrocalamus sp. 'sumba barat' (Sumba) Ida. 4020 Dendrocalamus sp. 'tiing jelepung' ( Bali) Ida 4641 Dinochloa kostermansiana Dinochloa sepang Dinochloa sp. 'CA.Langgaliru' (Sumaba) SA 94 Dinochloa sp. 'CA.Panua Gorontalo' (Sulawesi Utara) GT 1232 Dinochloa sp. 'tiing lutung' (Bali) Ida 4620 Dinochloa sp.'Gunung Agung' (B ali) SSNA.51 Dinochloa sp.'Hutan Nanggala 11' (Sulawesi) RP.209 Fimbribambusa sp. 'Desa Lolendo' (Pulau Alor) EAW 7583 Fimbribambusa sp.'Enrekang' (Sulawesi) Sulsel.I.151 Gigantochloa apus Gigantochloa apus cult 'Hitam' (Bali) Ida 4498 Desa Keladian Pempatan, Amlapura, Bali Gigantochloa atroviolacea 'Desa Apuan' (Bali) Kabupaten Bangli, Bali LG. 1594/13 Gigantochloa atroviolacea 'Desa Kelewai' (Flores) Gigantochloa atroviolacea 'Kawasn Hutan TWA' (Sulawesi) War. 193 Mapongka, Kab upaten Tana Toraja, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Gigantochloa atroviolacea 'Linda Garland' (Java) E19991217 Gigantochloa atter Gigantochloa aya Gigantochloa cf. manggong Gigantochloa hasskarliana Gigantochloa kuring Gigantochloa luteostriata Gigantochloa magentea Gigantochloa nigro-ciliata Gigantochloa pubinervis Gigantochloa pubipetiolata

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Gigantochloa rigusta Gigantochloa robusta Gigantochloa serik Gigantochloa sp. ' bamboo tali kuning' (Lombok) Pen 516 Gigantochloa sp. ' jajang abu' (Bali) Ida 4630 Gigantochloa sp. ' jajang batu' (Bali) Ida 4625 Gigantochloa sp. ' tiying serat' (Bali) Ida.4225 Gigantochloa sp. (Bali) Ida 4492 Gigantochloa sp. (Bali) Ida. 4487 Gigantochloa sp. (Bali) Ida. 4490 Gigantochloa sp. (Bali) Ida. 4490 Gigantochloa sp. (Bali) Ida. 4493 Gigantochloa sp. (Bali) Ida. 4493 Gigantochloa sp. (Bali) TL.8 E 19991212 Gigantochloa sp. 'buluh tamblang' 9Bali) KS. 13 Gigantochloa sp. 'Candikuning' ( Bali) E19821250 Gigantochloa sp. 'Candikuning' (Bali) E19821247 Gigantochloa sp. 'Candikunung' (Bali ) E19821245 2 Gigantochloa sp. 'Desa Banuk' (Bali) LG.1591/B

Gigantochloa sp. 'jajang abu' (Bali) Ida. 4228 Gigantochloa sp. 'jajang Bali' (Bali) Ida 4628 Gigantochloa sp. 'jajang panteg' (Bali) Ida 4629 Gigantochloa sp. 'jajangh papah' (Bali) Ida 4626 Gigantochloa sp. 'Panglipuran' (Bali) Ida.4420 Gigantochloa sp. 'Panglipuran' (Bali) Ida.4432 Gigantochloa sp. 'Tigawasa' (Bali) Ida. 4494 Gigantochloa sp. 'Tigawasa' (Bali) Ida.4243 Gigantochloa sp. 'tiing ooh' (Bali) Ida 4499 Gigantochloa sp. 'tiing tali swe' (Bali) Ida 4627 Gigantochloa sp. 'tiying batu' (Bali) Ida 4512 Gigantochloa sp. 'tiying buluh' (Bali) Ida 4527 Gigantochloa sp. 'tiying lidi' (Bali) Ida 4507 Gigantochloa sp. 'tiying nambang' Ida 4254 Gigantochloa sp. 'tiying suwat' (Bali) E19830154 Gigantochloa sp. 'tiying tamblang' (Bali) KS. 3 Gigantochloa sp. 'tiyng jajang' (Bali) Ida 4519 Gigantochloa sp. 'treng galah' (Bali) Ida 4535 Gigantochloa sp. 'Ubud' (Bali) EAW4828 Gigantochloa sp.'Candikuning' (Bali) E19930466 Gigantochloa sp.'Desa Kuyabihi' (Bali) LG. 1598/B Gigantochloa sp.'Desa Pole' (Bali) LG.1595/B Gigantochloa sp.'Desa Tenganan' (Bali) MS.70 Gigantochloa sp.'Dusun Keladian' (Bali) Ida 4502 Gigantochloa sp.'dying mambang' (Bali) Ida 4501a Gigantochloa sp.'Pulau Komoda' E19941118 Gigantochloa sp.'Tigawasa' (Bali) Ida.4244

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Gigantochloa sp.'Tigawasa' (Bali) Ida.4251 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying' (Bali) EW 3827 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying Bali' (Bali) Ida 4495 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying Bali' (Bali) Ida 4525 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying jajang' (Bali) E19830152 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying jajang' (Bali) KS..16 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying Jali' (Bali) Ida 4518 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying jelepung' (Bali) Ida. 4239 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying klanten' (Bali) Ida 4508 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying lengis' (Bali) Ida 4515 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying lidi' (Bali) Ida 4516 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying suat' (Bali) E19930465 Gigantochloa sp.'tiying swat' (Bali) Ida 4502a Gigantochloa sp.'tiying tamblang' (Bali) Ida. 4248 Gigantochloa taluh Gigantochloa thoii Gigantochloa velutina Guadua angustifolia ssp chacoensis Nastus reholtumianus Neololeba atra Otatea acuminata var.aztecorum Phyllostachys aurea Phyllostachys nigra Phyllostachys sp. Schizostachyum brachycladum Schizostachyum castaneum Schizostachyum ciliatum Schizostachyum coudaturn Schizostachyum cuspidaturn Schizostachyum glaucocladum Schizostachyum latifolium Schizostachyum lima Schizostachyum lima (Bali) Schizostachyum lima (Flores) Schizostachyum lima (Philipines) Schizostachyum lima (Sulawesi) Schizostachyum lima (Sumatra) Schizostachyum silicatum Schizostachyum silicatum Schizostachyum silicatum (Bali) Schizostachyum silicatum (Sulawesi) Schizostachyum sp. (Bali) Ida 4488 Schizostachyum sp. 'Cycloops' (Irian Jaya) Lg.1033

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Schizostachyum sp. 'Desa Selubung' (Lombok) Pen 501 Schizostachyum sp. 'Desa Selubung' (Lombok) Pen 502 Schizostachyum sp. 'Desa Tanah' (Lombok) Pen 503 Schizostachyum sp. 'Desa Tanah' (Lombok) Pen 504 Schizostachyum sp. 'Desa Tanah' (Lombok) Pen 505 Schizostachyum sp. 'Desa Ubung' (Lombok) Pen 508 Schizostachyum sp. E19991214 Schizostachyum sp. 'Gunung Sidi' (Kalimantan) GT 2116 Schizostachyum sp. Ida 4524 Schizostachyum sp. 'tempat tepi' Ida.4025 Schizostachyum sp. 'Ubud' (Bali) E199411132 Schizostachyum sp. 'Ubud' (Bali) sp. EW4836 Schizostachyum sp.'buluh gading' (Bali) KS.18 Schizostachyum sp.'Kelurahan Prapen' (Lombok) Pen 509 Schizostachyum sp.'tiying buluh' (Bali) KS. 5 Schizostachyum sp.'tiyng buluh gading' (Bali) KS. 9 Schizostachyum zollingeri Schizostachyum sp. 'Gunung Sidi' (Kalimantan) GT 2221 Schizostachyum sp. 'Hutan Lindung Batu Putih' (Sulawesi) Pen 383 Schizostachyum sp.'Desa Tanah Embet' (Lombok) Ida 4538 Shibataea kumasasa Thyrsostachys siamensis

are mostly from Mrs. Linda Garland (LG) or Pak Arinasa (Ida) and his friends. 4. Naming of unidentified specimens is as follows: Genus sp.‘local name’ or ‘Place Name’ or ‘Person’s Name’ (Island) collectors initials and plant number. 5. Dendrocalamus asper has 11 clones, all different and none are the black (petung hitam) one which was originally collected by Victor Cusak on Bali and brought to Australia and then US. 6. Gigantochloa apus has 16 clones, of which the Balinese recognize 4 for their uses and 1 for it’s color (black – ‘Hitam’) . 7. Unidentified specimens present the high likelihood of new species. This would be an excellent PhD thesis project for a student. 8. Unidentified species: Bambusa – 14, Dendrocalamus – 5, Dinochloa -5, Gigantochloa – 57, Schizostachyum – 15 to 47. 9. PROSEA 7 lists Schizostachym lima as “native to the Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.” Dr. S. Dransfield’s work suggests that speciation of this genus is a very localized phenomenon with each species occupying a rather small region such as part of a large island or a single small island. Bali is rather distant from these regions in kilometers and “island hops”. Dr. K. M. Wong tells me that S. jaculans is only associated with people and old village sites. Unless this is the case with S. lima, these plants are possibly not correctly identified and represent an opportunity to realize new species. This could be a Masters or PhD project for a student. 10. Schizostachyum brachycladum is pantropical in distribution possibly due to its popularity as an ornamental plant with many utilitarian uses. 11. Mapping of the bambusetum does not seem to have been done. This is very important to allow easily localizing a particular specimen for further work. Currently it is a

277 individuals, 13 genera, 48 named species, 91 unnamed specimens

Comments 1. The collection is very heavily weighted to Indonesian bamboos, mostly the Western portion – Sumatra, Java and Bali. 2. Most are from the genera Bambusa ( sp), Dendrocalamus ( sp), Gigantochloa ( sp) and Schizostachyum ( sp). 3. Named species mostly came from Dr. Widjaja (EAW). Her unnamed specimens are not located here. Unidentified specimens

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hodgepodge. This could be a Masters project for a student. It would require a gps unit and a computer. 12. Herbarium specimens seem to have been made of only a few specimens that are housed in the BBG Herbarium. Making herbarium specimens in replicates and sending them to multiple herbaria would extend the value of the collection into the distant future and preserve a record of specimens that may die out in the future. This could be a Masters project for a student. It would require a plant press and a computer. 13. DNA specimens could be made of the collection and later analyzed to sort out relationships between named species and help identify unknowns. This could be a Masters or PhD project for a student. It would require plastic bags, silica gel and later access to a DNA analyzer and a computer. 14. Photographing the collection has been partly done by myself and Pak Arinasa. This should be completed and made available on line for researchers and enthusiasts. 15. Replication of live specimens should be done and sent to other botanic gardens for conservation as ex situ material. Some of these are replicated in collections of Linda Garland (Bali), Bogor, Cibodas and Purwodadi BG’s LIPI (Java). This could be a Masters project for a student.

under the microscope. Specifically, they looked at (allowing for outdated nomenclature): Arundinaria tessellata, Chimonobambusa densiflora, Eremocaulon aureofimbriatum, Indocalamus walkerianus, Merostachys arenicola, Merostachys sp., Neurolepis sp., Guaduella macrostachys, Pariana sp., Eremitis breviglumis, Raddia sp., Scrotochloa (Leptaspis) urceolata, Pharus vittatus, Streptochaeta spicata, and Streptogyna americana. They state that “Goller (1977) classified Poaceae roots into 3 types: panicoid, pooid, and oryzoid.” Raechal and Curtis found mostly panicoid characters (regular radial arrangement of inner cortical cells with tetragonal intracellular spaces, etc.). Further, “we did not find any tissue or anatomical feature that was the same in every species. Nor did we find any features that are uniform within a tribe. It therefore seems likely that root anatomy may play a role in helping to differentiate taxa below tribal level and in understanding phylogenetic relationships.” Reference Raechal, Luther J. and Curtis, John D. 1990. Root Anatomy of the Bambusoideae (Poaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 77(4): 475-482.

Bamboo Root Anatomy by Roy Wiersma For some time I have had an article on bamboo root anatomy that I wanted to tell others about. Rarely do we hear of bamboo identification efforts being made at the root anatomical level. Authors Luther J. Raechal and John D. Curtis (1990) examined roots of woody and herbaceous bamboos

Figure 9 Succulents planted in bamboo pieces for sale at the L. A. Arboretum Gift Shop, Arcadia, Calif.

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Chapter Officers of the Southern California Chapter of the American Bamboo Society Director, President

Cliff Sussman to ‘10

(909)599-9921

[email protected]

Director, Vice President Director, Treasurer, Newsletter Editor Director, Secretary

Bob Verkade to ‘12

(323)533-0466

[email protected]

Roy Wiersma to ’11

(909)980-1740

[email protected]

Theo Smith to ‘11

(951)359-1706

[email protected]

Director

Don Reed to ‘12

(760)230-1144

[email protected]

Alternate Director

Taylor Murphy to ‘10

(619)269-9501

[email protected]

Alternate Director

Mike Mullert to ‘10

(619)465-4690

[email protected]

Chapter Rep. Figure 10

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The Southern California Chapter of the American Bamboo Society, Inc. 230 Quail Gardens Dr. Encinitas, CA 92024

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