SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS
EGY048C January 2014
Donald Saxman Project Analyst
ISBN: 1-56965-663-0
BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA 02481 USA 866-285-7215 (toll-free within the USA), or (+1) 781-489-7301 www.bccresearch.com
[email protected]
EGY048C - Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Technologies and Global Markets
TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPIC
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY INTENDED AUDIENCE SCOPE OF REPORT METHODOLOGY INFORMATION SOURCES ANALYST CREDENTIALS RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS BCC RESEARCH ONLINE SERVICES DISCLAIMER
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CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION, CONSENSUS SCENARIO, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) SUMMARY FIGURE 1 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY YEAR, 2008–2018 ($ MILLIONS) SUMMARY FIGURE 2 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION, 2013 (%)
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CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW FUEL CELL BACKGROUND TABLE 1 SOFC COMPARED TO OTHER FUEL CELLS SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL BACKGROUND SOFC MATERIALS SOFC Electrodes, Electrolytes, and Interconnects SOFC Glass Seals SOFC Gaskets TABLE 2 SOFC GASKET MATERIALS Recent SOFC Material Developments Georgia Tech SOFC Ceramic Material National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology and the Fine Ceramics Research Association Electrode Compositions University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Ceramic Microreactors Cornell University One-Pot Process West Virginia University Interconnect Coatings Nippon Shokubai Zirconia Sheets TABLE 3 NIPPON SHOKUBAI ZIRCONIA SOFC SHEET SPECIFICATIONS University of Birmingham Electrode Doping Virginia Tech Self-healing Glass Seals SOFC TECHNOLOGY: CURRENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL CONFIGURATIONS Generic Planar SOFC Configuration FIGURE 1 PLANAR SOFC CONFIGURATION Generic Thin-film Configuration FIGURE 2 THIN-FILM SOFC CONFIGURATION Generic Tubular Configuration
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TOPIC FIGURE 3 TUBULAR SOFC CONFIGURATION Westinghouse Tubular Design Siemens Power Generation Tubular Design Advanced Microtubular Designs FIGURE 4 TUBULAR CELL AND CURRENT PATH WITH SIEMENS CELLS CONFIGURATION FIGURE 5 TUBULAR CELL AND CURRENT PATH WITH A STRAIGHT METAL WIRE AS CURRENT COLLECTOR FIGURE 6 CURRENT PATH IN RADIAL AND AXIAL DIRECTION WITH A SPRING COIL AS CURRENT COLLECTOR National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Microtubular Design NanoDynamics Energy Microtubular Configuration MIT SOFC Power Plant Design Ceres Power CHP Design Bloom Energy Design TABLE 4 BLOOM ENERGY SERVER SPECIFICATIONS FuelCon SOFC Test Station SOFC Gas Turbine Hybrids FIGURE 7 FUELCELL ENERGY SOFC/T HYBRID SYSTEM AND TORPEDO CONFIGURATION GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND SUBSIDIES U.S. FEDERAL FUEL CELL SUBSIDIES AND INCENTIVES U.S. Department of Energy History of U.S. DOE Fuel Cell Subsidies U.S. Fuel Cell Budget Situation in 2009 U.S. Fuel Cell Budget Situation in 2010 TABLE 5 HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES FUNDING PROFILE BY SUBPROGRAM IN 2010 BUDGET ($ THOUSANDS) U.S. Fuel Cell Budget Situation in 2011 TABLE 6 FISCAL FUEL CELL BUDGET, 2010-2012 ($ MILLIONS) The Sequestration Transparency Act of 2012 TABLE 7 FISCAL FUEL CELL BUDGET, 2011-2013 ($ MILLIONS) U.S. DOE Draft Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Plan Office of Science Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Interagency Task Force Federal Excise Tax Exemption for Anti-idling Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association JOBS FC Model National Science Foundation Department of Defense State Incentives GLOBAL SUBSIDIES AND INCENTIVES Canadian Subsidies and Incentives European Subsidies and Incentives Japanese Subsidies and Incentives South Korean Subsidies and Incentives Australian Subsidies and Incentives SOFC RESEARCH
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TOPIC ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS TABLE 8 MAJOR INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH INTO PEM FUEL CELLS
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CHAPTER 4 MARKETS BY APPLICATION COMBINED HEAT AND POWER CHP DEVELOPMENTS U.S. DOE EERE CHP Developments TABLE 9 PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL TARGETS: 1 KWE TO 10 KWE RESIDENTIAL COMBINED HEAT AND POWER FUEL CELLS OPERATING ON NATURAL GAS, 2008-2020 TABLE 10 PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL TARGETS: 1 KWE TO 10 KWE FUEL CELL AUXILIARY POWER UNITS OPERATING ON STANDARD ULTRA-LOW SULFUR DIESEL FUEL THROUGH 2020 European Union SOFC Research Partnership CHP Developments Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technical Advisory Committee (HTAC) CHP Developments Ceres Power CHP Developments Pacific Northwest National Laboratory GENERATORS, REMOTE POWER, AND AUXILIARY POWER GENERATORS AND PORTABLE POWER PLANTS RECREATIONAL VEHICLE POWER ANTI-IDLING APUS AIRCRAFT APUS MARINE VESSEL APUS PORTABLE PRODUCTS MILITARY EXOTIC
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CHAPTER 5 SOFC MARKET SUMMARY SOFC SEGMENTS ANALYZED SOFC MARKET DRIVERS AND BASIS FOR SCENARIOS SOFC APPLICATION MARKET DRIVER SCENARIOS TABLE 11 SOFC CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS, BY APPLICATION SOFC REGIONAL MARKET DRIVER SCENARIOS TABLE 12 SOFC CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS, BY REGION SOFC PRODUCT MARKET DRIVER SCENARIOS TABLE 13 SOFC CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS, BY SCALE SOFC MARKETS BY APPLICATION TABLE 14 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET PROJECTIONS BY APPLICATION CONSENSUS SCENARIO, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 8 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION CONSENSUS SCENARIO, 2008-2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 9 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION CONSENSUS SCENARIO, 2013 (%) TABLE 15 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 16 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS)
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EGY048C - Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Technologies and Global Markets
TOPIC SOFC MARKETS BY REGION TABLE 17 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION CONSENSUS SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 10 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION CONSENSUS SCENARIO, 2013 (%) TABLE 18 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 19 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) SOFC MARKETS BY PRODUCT TABLE 20 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET PROJECTIONS BY PRODUCT CONSENSUS SCENARIO, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 11 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY PRODUCT CONSENSUS SCENARIO, 2013 (%) TABLE 21 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY PRODUCT OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 22 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY PRODUCT PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER 6 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITION CONVENTIONAL TURBINE-BASED POWER GENERATION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ULTRACAPACITORS OTHER FUEL CELLS TABLE 23 COMPETING FUEL CELLS Alkaline Fuel Cells Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells BATTERIES TABLE 24 BATTERIES THAT COULD COMPETE WITH SOFCS Lead-acid Batteries Nickel-metal Hydride Batteries Lithium-ion and Lithium-ion polymer Batteries Metal-air Batteries Nickel-hydrogen Secondary Batteries Sodium-sulfur Batteries Redox and Flow Batteries Nickel-iron Batteries Nickel-Zinc Batteries INDUSTRY LEADERS TABLE 25 SOFC COMPANIES AND STATUS TABLE 26 SOFC COMPANY SHIPMENT STATUS MARKET TIERS LEADING CHP SOFC COMPANIES TABLE 27 LEADING SOFC CHP COMPANIES LEADING SOFC GENERATOR, REMOTE AND APU COMPANIES TABLE 28 LEADING SOFC GENERATOR, REMOTE AND APU COMPANIES LEADING MILITARY SOFC COMPANIES TABLE 29 LEADING MILITARY SOFC COMPANIES
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TOPIC LEADING PORTABLE SOFC COMPANIES TABLE 30 LEADING PORTABLE SOFC COMPANIES LEADING EXOTIC SOFC COMPANIES TABLE 31 LEADING EXOTIC SOFC COMPANIES NO LONGER ACTIVE SOFC COMPANIES TABLE 32 NO LONGER ACTIVE SOFC COMPANIES CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION TABLE 33 SOFC DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS PURCHASING INFLUENCES PRICE INFLUENCE TABLE 34 SOFC PURCHASING INFLUENCES PRICE TRENDS FIGURE 12 DRIVING DOWN COSTS FOR FUEL CELLS (ORDER OF MAGNITUDE COST REDUCTION) TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE MANUFACTURING PROCESS FIGURE 13 SOFC MANUFACTURING TREE FIGURE 14 SOFC MANUFACTURING FLOW SOFC PATENT ANALYSIS TABLE 35 U.S. SOFC PATENTS TABLE 36 RECENT U.S. SOFC PATENT ASSIGNEES CHAPTER 7 COMPANY PROFILES ACUMENTRICS HOLDING CORP. ADELAN U.K. LTD. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES (ACCURON TECHNOLOGIES) ADVANCED MEASUREMENTS INC. ALPPS FUEL CELL SYSTEMS ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY INC. ALTAIR NANOTECHNOLOGIES INC. AMERICAN ELEMENTS BLASCH PRECISION CERAMICS BLOOM ENERGY BTU INTERNATIONAL INC. CERAMATEC INC. CERAMIC FUEL CELLS LTD. CERES POWER HOLDINGS CHAO ZHOU THREE-CIRCLE (GROUP) CO. LTD. CHUBU ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY INC. CMR PROTOTECH CONVION OY TABLE 37 CONVION SOFC TECHNOLOGY GOALS CUMMINS POWER GENERATION INC. DANA HOLDING CORPORATION DANA CANADA CORP. DELPHI CORP. EBZ ENTWICKLUNGS ELCOGEN AS
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TOPIC EMPRISE CORPORATION ENERGIENED ENRG INC. FCO POWER INC. FEV MOTORENTECHNIK GMBH FIDERIS TABLE 38 TYPICAL TURN–KEY, SOFC FUEL CELL TEST SYSTEMS THAT UTILIZE THE FIDERIS INNOVATOR SERIES MODULES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH FUELCELL ENERGY INC. GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY PARK HABCO INC. HALDOR TOPSOE A/S/ TOPSOE FUEL CELL HC STARCK GMBH FIGURE 15 AMPERIT AND AMPERGY POWDERS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS HEXIS LTD. TABLE 39 HEXIS GALILEO FUEL CELL SYSTEM HOSOKAWA POWDER TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS INC. K-STYLE ADVANCED CERAMICS CO. LTD. KANSAI ELECTRIC POWER CO. INC. KERAFOL (KERAMISCHE FOLIEN GMBH) LG FUEL CELL SYSTEMS INC. (ROLLS-ROYCE FUEL CELL SYSTEMS LTD.) LILLIPUTIAN SYSTEMS LITHUANIAN ENERGY INSTITUTE LOGANENERGY CORP. MATERIALS & SYSTEMS RESEARCH INC. MEIDENSHA CORP. MERIDIAN ENERGY LTD. MERLONI TERMOSANITARI SPA (ARISTON THERMO GROUP) NATIONAL FUEL CELL RESEARCH CENTER NEXTECH MATERIALS LTD. FUELCELLMATERIALS.COM DIVISION NGIMAT CO. NGK INSULATORS LTD. NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO. LTD. NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE CORP. NOAH TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ONTARIO POWER GENERATION INC. PLANSEE SE PLUG POWER INC. POHANG IRON AND STEEL COMPANY (POSCO) POINT SOURCE POWER INC. PRECISION FLOW TECHNOLOGIES PRESIDIO COMPONENTS INC. PROTONEX MESOSCOPIC DEVICES SUBSIDIARY
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TOPIC RAGAN TECHNOLOGIES INC. REDOX POWER SYSTEMS RISO DTU NATIONAL LABORATORY SAFCELL SAINT-GOBAIN SANDVIK SIEMENS POWER GENERATION INC. SIENERGY SYSTEMS (ALLIED MINDS) SOFCPOWER SOLID STATE ENERGY CONVERSION ALLIANCE FIGURE 16 SECA ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM COST COMPARISON STANFORD MATERIALS CORP. SUMITOMO CORP. SUNFIRE GMBH (STAXERA) TABLE 40 MK200 SOFC TECHNICAL DATA TERMINUS ENERGY INC. TOKYO GAS CO. LTD. TOSOH CORP. CERAMICS DIVISION TOTO LTD. TOYOTA TABLE 41 TOYOTA POWER GENERATING UNIT SPECIFICATIONS ULTRA ELECTRONICS AMI VAILLANT GMBH VIOLET FUEL CELL STICKS WATT FUEL CELL CORP. WEBASTO AG ZIRCAR ZIRCONIA INC. ZTEK CORP. CHAPTER 8 APPENDIX U.S. PATENTS THAT MENTION SOFCS TABLE 42 U.S. SOFC PATENTS
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION, CONSENSUS SCENARIO, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 1 SOFC COMPARED TO OTHER FUEL CELLS TABLE 2 SOFC GASKET MATERIALS TABLE 3 NIPPON SHOKUBAI ZIRCONIA SOFC SHEET SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 4 BLOOM ENERGY SERVER SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 5 HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES FUNDING PROFILE BY SUBPROGRAM IN 2010 BUDGET ($ THOUSANDS) TABLE 6 FISCAL FUEL CELL BUDGET, 2010-2012 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 7 FISCAL FUEL CELL BUDGET, 2011-2013 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 8 MAJOR INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH INTO PEM FUEL CELLS TABLE 9 PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL TARGETS: 1 KWE TO 10 KWE RESIDENTIAL COMBINED HEAT AND POWER FUEL CELLS OPERATING ON NATURAL GAS, 2008-2020 TABLE 10 PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL TARGETS: 1 KWE TO 10 KWE FUEL CELL AUXILIARY POWER UNITS OPERATING ON STANDARD ULTRA-LOW SULFUR DIESEL FUEL THROUGH 2020 TABLE 11 SOFC CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS, BY APPLICATION TABLE 12 SOFC CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS, BY REGION TABLE 13 SOFC CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS, BY SCALE TABLE 14 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET PROJECTIONS BY APPLICATION CONSENSUS SCENARIO, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 15 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 16 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 17 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION CONSENSUS SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 18 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 19 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 20 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET PROJECTIONS BY PRODUCT CONSENSUS SCENARIO, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 21 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY PRODUCT OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 22 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY PRODUCT PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 23 COMPETING FUEL CELLS TABLE 24 BATTERIES THAT COULD COMPETE WITH SOFCS TABLE 25 SOFC COMPANIES AND STATUS TABLE 26 SOFC COMPANY SHIPMENT STATUS TABLE 27 LEADING SOFC CHP COMPANIES TABLE 28 LEADING SOFC GENERATOR, REMOTE AND APU COMPANIES TABLE 29 LEADING MILITARY SOFC COMPANIES TABLE 30 LEADING PORTABLE SOFC COMPANIES TABLE 31 LEADING EXOTIC SOFC COMPANIES TABLE 32 NO LONGER ACTIVE SOFC COMPANIES TABLE 33 SOFC DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
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TABLE HEADING TABLE 34 SOFC PURCHASING INFLUENCES TABLE 35 U.S. SOFC PATENTS TABLE 36 RECENT U.S. SOFC PATENT ASSIGNEES TABLE 37 CONVION SOFC TECHNOLOGY GOALS TABLE 38 TYPICAL TURN–KEY, SOFC FUEL CELL TEST SYSTEMS THAT UTILIZE THE FIDERIS INNOVATOR SERIES MODULES TABLE 39 HEXIS GALILEO FUEL CELL SYSTEM TABLE 40 MK200 SOFC TECHNICAL DATA TABLE 41 TOYOTA POWER GENERATING UNIT SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 42 U.S. SOFC PATENTS
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SUMMARY FIGURE 1 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY YEAR, 2008–2018 ($ MILLIONS) SUMMARY FIGURE 2 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION, 2013 (%) FIGURE 1 PLANAR SOFC CONFIGURATION FIGURE 2 THIN-FILM SOFC CONFIGURATION FIGURE 3 TUBULAR SOFC CONFIGURATION FIGURE 4 TUBULAR CELL AND CURRENT PATH WITH SIEMENS CELLS CONFIGURATION FIGURE 5 TUBULAR CELL AND CURRENT PATH WITH A STRAIGHT METAL WIRE AS CURRENT COLLECTOR FIGURE 6 CURRENT PATH IN RADIAL AND AXIAL DIRECTION WITH A SPRING COIL AS CURRENT COLLECTOR FIGURE 7 FUELCELL ENERGY SOFC/T HYBRID SYSTEM AND TORPEDO CONFIGURATION FIGURE 8 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION CONSENSUS SCENARIO, 2008-2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 9 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY APPLICATION CONSENSUS SCENARIO, 2013 (%) FIGURE 10 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY REGION CONSENSUS SCENARIO, 2013 (%) FIGURE 11 GLOBAL SOFC MARKET BY PRODUCT CONSENSUS SCENARIO, 2013 (%) FIGURE 12 DRIVING DOWN COSTS FOR FUEL CELLS (ORDER OF MAGNITUDE COST REDUCTION) FIGURE 13 SOFC MANUFACTURING TREE FIGURE 14 SOFC MANUFACTURING FLOW FIGURE 15 AMPERIT AND AMPERGY POWDERS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS FIGURE 16 SECA ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM COST COMPARISON
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