SOLID, LIQUID OR GAS Study Guide

The Description: The objectives are: 1. To test the ability of the student to classify materials into one of these categories. 2. To determine whether the student understands the basic differences between the solid, liquid and gaseous states in regard to the number and motion of molecules, distance between molecules, differences in volume and shape, and properties. 3. To learn the names and properties of common solids (example: most metals), liquids (example: water) and gases (example: air). Number of Participants: 1 Approximate Time: 30 minutes The Competition: 1. The contestants will classify pictures, models or real objects into one of these three categories. 2. Each student will move from one station to another. (About 3060 seconds for each station.) 3. Each student will be given a paper and pencil quiz on the differences and properties of a solid, liquid or gas, and on the names, properties, sources and uses of the more common ones. Scoring: 50% on identification of pictures, models or real objects 50% for the quiz

SOLID, LIQUID, GAS

Question Bank Water changes from a liquid into a gas by which of the following? A. freezing B. melting C. boiling D. stirring Liquids and gases take the shape of their containers. Which of the following will take the shape of its container? A. a crayon in a box B. an ice cube C. a pencil on the desk D. milk in a carton Which of the following is an example of water in its solid state? A. snow B. steam C. lake D. rain Brenda has a closed jar with a mystery substance in it. Which of the following tests will BEST help Brenda tell if the substance is a solid or a liquid? A. Turn the jar upside down. B. Take the temperature of the substance. C. Bring a magnet close to the jar. D. Weigh the jar on a balance.

What part of the picture above shows something that is a gas? A. straw B. ice cubes C. bubbles D. glass You are doing an experiment in school. You measure the temperature of an item and it is below zero degrees. What state of matter do you expect this item to be? A. solid B. liquid C. gas 13. Which one of the following can have more than one state of matter? A. hamburger C. straw

B. soda D. all of the above

______________ occurs because the ice is absorbing the heat energy from its surroundings. A melting

B condensation C evaporation D buoyancy Students are in the science lab. Their assignment is to make ice. They have a beaker of water that is at room temperature. They decide to place the beaker in the freezer. What are the physical changes that will happen to the water? F The water will change from a liquid to a solid. G The water will change from a liquid to a gas. H The water will change from a solid to a liquid. J The water will change from a gas to a liquid. Which of the following shows a change in an object’s state of matter? A. a snow cone melting in a cup B. grinding ice to make snow C. a banana turning brown D. chilling an apple in the refrigerator Which of the following BEST explains why orange juice is a liquid and not a solid? A. It has a bright color. B. It takes the shape of its container. C. You can not weigh it on a scale. D. It has molecules that are packed tightly together.

In the morning, students set a half-filled glass of water outside. At the end of the day, the water was gone. The students plan to repeat the experiment tomorrow. Which of the following should they do to keep all the water from disappearing? A. Use a plastic cup. B. Use a thicker glass. C. Cover the glass with plastic. D. Fill the glass with less water.

A dry metal plate was placed in the refrigerator for 10 minutes.

It was brought out into the air on a warm day. After 10 minutes, Juan looked at the metal plate through a magnifying glass. This is what he saw. What process could explain what Juan saw? A. melting B. freezing C. condensation D. evaporation Some students were studying properties of water. One student placed a cup containing 80 mL of water in a freezer. Another student placed an identical cup containing 40 mL of water in a different freezer. Which of the following will be the same for both cups of water? a. b. c. d.

The temperature at which the water freezes The mass of the frozen water The time it takes the water to freeze The volume of the frozen water

The picture above shows the process of — a. melting

b. boiling

c. condensing

d. freezing

Matter can undergo changes. When water boils, a — a. liquid becomes a solid c. liquid becomes a gas

b. solid becomes a liquid d. gas becomes a solid

The energy that causes water to form water vapor comes from — a. the clouds c. chemical reactions in the se

b. underwater mountains d. the sun

This diagram represents water in a container. What process is taking place? A Freezing B Condensation C Melting

D Evaporation This type of matter has no definite shape or volume. Both its' shape and volume can change. A) solid

B) gas

C) liquid

When you add heat to liquid a gas may form. This process by which a liquid becomes a gas is called A) evaporation

B) condensation

C) transpiration

. What causes matter to change state? A) shaking it

B) watching it

C) moving it

D) adding heat

What states of matter can be observed in the goldfish bowl shown here? Solid and liquid only Liquid and gas only Gas only Solid, liquid, and gas The state of matter that has no definite shape or volume. a. solid

b. gas

c. liquid

Changing from a gas to a liquid. a. sublimation

b. condensation

c. evaporation

d. melting

c. evaporation

d. melting

The changing of a liquid to a gas. a. sublimation

b. condensation

The state of matter with a definite shape and definite volume. a. solid

b. gas

c. liquid

A solid changing into a liquid is called: a. condensation

b. evaporation

c. melting

c. freezing

c. melting

c. freezing

A liquid changing into a solid is called: a. condensation

b. evaporation

States of matter change because of __________________. a. Temperature

b. Flying

c. Swimming

c. Density

The freezing point of water is: a. 5 deg Celsius b. 10 deg Celsius c. 0 deg Celsius d. 100 deg Celsius The boiling point of water is : a. 5 deg Celsius b. 10 deg Celsius c. 0 deg Celsius d. 100 deg Celsius Ice begins to melt at what temperature: a. 5 deg Celsius b. 10 deg Celsius c. 0 deg Celsius d. 100 deg Celsius Water begins to evaporate at what temperature: a. 5 deg Celsius b. 10 deg Celsius

c. 0 deg Celsius d. 100 deg Celsius

Which of the following shows a change in a state of matter? a. Ice cream on a cone melting b. an rotting apple

c. grinding ice cubes into ice chip d. chilling milk in the refrigerator

Which of the following BEST explains why coca-cola is a liquid and not a solid? a. It has a bright color.

b. It takes the shape of its container

c. You can weigh it on a scale.

d. It has molecules that are packed together

Molecules move fastest in which state of matter? Solid Liquid Gas Molecules are closest together in which state of matter? Solid Liquid Gas A liquid changes to a solid when the temperature… rises (gets hotter) drops (gets colder) stays the same The point at which liquid water turns to water vapor (gas) is called the… melting point vapor point boiling point freezing point The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid is called its. melting point In order for a gas to change to a liquid by _condensation_, enough heat energy must be lost. Solids have a definite volume and shape. This means they cannot mold to the shape of a container. The change of a liquid to a gas is called evaporation. Heat Energy is a part of all state changes. Heating matter causes particles in a substance to move faster Solids contain small particles that are packed together in repeating order called Crystals.

A Liquid takes the shape and becomes the volume of whatever container it fills. 1The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid is its freezing point A kind of matter that keeps its shape and volume is a a. solid. b. liquid. c. gas A liquid has a. a rigid shape. b. a fixed volume. c. neither a rigid shape nor a fixed volume. The articles of a gas a. are packed.very closely together. b. do not move. c. can spread far apart. Making ice cubes from liquid water is an example of a. condensation. b. freezing. c. vaporization. When the particles of a gas lose thermal energy, they move a. faster. b. slower. c. at the same speed. Which is an example of vaporization? a. drops of dew on grass b. ice cream cone dripping c. puddle drying up At high pressure, gas particles push against the walls of the container a. hard and often. b. very gently. c. rarely.

According to Boyle's law, as the volume of a gas is made smaller, the pressure of the gas a. stays the same. b. gets higher. . c. gets lower. As the temperature of a gas in a rigid container gets higher, its pressure . . . . .a. gets higher. " , b. gets lower. c. stays the same. . .. . The pressure of the air in an inflatable mattress is the surrounding air. a. the same as b. lower than ' c. higher than True or False . The particles of a solid are closely packed together. , Air is an example of a liquid. Condensation takes place when the particles of a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid. When the temperature is high, gas particles move very slowly. All of the following are measurements used when working with a gas except a. length. b. volume. c. temperature. d. pressure.

A liquid has a a. constant temperature. b. definite shape. c. crystal structure. d. definite volume. The change from a gas to a liquid is called a. evaporation. b. condensation. c. melting. d. sublimation. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of crystalline solids? a. particles arranged in repeating patterns b. becomes softer and softer as temperature rises c. made up of crystals d. has a distinct melting point Boyle'slaw states that as the pressure of a gas increases, its a. volume increases. b. temperature increases. c. volume decreases. d. temperature decreases. Which of the following is NOTan example of vaporization? a. water rising into dry air that moves over the ocean b. bubbles forming as water boils c. wet pavement drying after a rain shower d. water droplets forming on a mirror A substance which takes the shape and volume of its container is a a. solid. b. liquid. c. gas. d. crystal. Becauseof surface tension, a liquid a. resists flowing. b. forms a crystalline solid. c. takes the shape of its container. d. forms droplets.

As the gas in a rigid container is 'heated, its a. pressure increases. b. volume increases. c. pressure decreases. d. volume decreases. A liquid with a low viscosity a. has a definite shape. ' b. flows quickly. c., flows slowly. d. fills its container. Fill in the blank to complete each statement. According to Charles,' s law, when the temperature of a gas increases in a flexible container, its '___________ increases. The faster gas particles are moving, the ______their energy and the _________temperature. At its ___________, the particles of a solid are vibrating so fast that they break free from their fixed positions. __________ occurs when the particles on the surface of a solid are directly released as a gas. When the temperature of a gas in a rigid container increases, its________ increases. True or False ' Bubbles of air exhaled by an underwater swimmer increase in volume as they rise to the water's surface. The volume of a gas is the result of gas particles pushing on the waIls of the container. During boiling, only particles on the surface of the liquid gain enough energy to become gas. The change from a solid to a liquid is condensation.

Describe that matter is made up of tiny particles which cannot be seen with the naked eye. Identify the four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Describe solids as having definite shape and definite volume. Cite some examples of solids. Differentiate between crystalline solids and amorphous solids. List examples of both crystalline solids and amorphous solids. Define liquids as matter with definite volume but no definite shape. Compare the relative viscosity of different fluids. Define gases as matter with no definite shape and no definite volume. Describe a phase change as the process of matter changing from one phase another. Differentiate between melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation. State the freezing point of water to be 0˚ Celsius. State the boiling point of water to be 100˚ Celsius. Describe the process of condensation and provide a common everyday example of condensation. Describe the difference between evaporation and vaporization. Solids, liquids, and gases are defined mainly by whether or not they hold their ________ and __________. The particles in a solid move back and forth slightly but stay ________ in their positions. Particles in a liquid are packed closely together but can ________ and move past each other. Two characteristic properties of liquids are ____________________ and

_______________. The particles in a gas have _______ energy of motion than the particles in a liquid or a solid. True or False A substance’s state of matter is determined by the balance between the motions and attractive forces of its particles. When a substance loses thermal energy, the freedom of motion of its particles increases. The change from a gas to a liquid is called vaporization. The boiling and melting points of a substance depend on the pressure of the air above the substance. Vaporization and evaporation are opposite processes. Fill in the blank to complete each statement. When working with a gas, it is helpful to know three measurements: _____________, _____________, and _____________. The pressure of a gas is the force of its outward push divided by _____________________________________________________. When the temperature of a gas increases at constant pressure, its volume __________. Charles’s law shows that the volume of a gas is ____________________ to its Kelvin temperature under constant pressure. Robert Boyle’s experiments show that gas _____________ is inversely proportional to _____________ at constant temperature. Anything that has mass and takes up space is called a. a solution. b. an element. c. matter. d. thermal.

A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio is called a(n) a. atom. b. compound. c. solution. d. mixture. Every chemical or physical change in matter includes a change in a. state. b. energy. c. color. d. melting point. A change in state from solid to liquid is an example of a. a physical change. b. a chemical change. c. oxidation. d. electrolysis. Water has a distinct characteristic that sets it apart from other liquids on Earth. Water expands when it freezes. This means that solid ice is … More dense than liquid water Less dense than liquid water Thicker than liquid water Thinner than liquid water The Particle Model of Matter helps to explain ideas about Thermal Energy. This model includes each of the following points EXCEPT ... all substances are made up of tiny particles that are too small to see the particles are always in motion the particles increase their energy output when they collide the particles have spaces between them Another important idea about temperature and the particle theory is that the motion of particles increases when the temperature increases. Which statement below is correct? as the motion of particles decreases the temperature remains the same as the temperature decreases the motion of the particles also increases as the motion of the particles decreases the temperature decreases as the temperature increases the motion of the particles decreases The energy of movement is the kind of energy the particles of matter have. This energy is called … potential energy kinesthetic energy phase energy

kinetic energy Transferring heat energy from water in a gas state causes it to change into a liquid. This cooling process is called ... a. b. c. d.

fusion ondensation precipitation evaporatipn

As more heat is transferred to a solid, the particles vibrate and some of the particles in the solid break loose. The solid begins to change state. This is an example of Heating a solid Heating a liquid Melting a solid Freezing a liquid At what temperature does ice turn to water? ____________ Does Ice take up more volume or less than water?_____________ What happens to the water when it reaches 100oC?_____________________________ What happens when you heat the steam above 100oC__________________________ How are materials changed from one state to another? ________________ and ______________________. Changing from a solid to a liquid is called___________________. Changing from a liquid to a gas is called________________. Changing from a gas to a liquid is called_____________________. Changing from a liquid to a solid is called___________________.