11.09.14

SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS Status and Perspectives

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin / Germany www.efficiency-from-germany.info

STATUS – SOLAR HEATING Solar thermal industry in Germany
! Component manufacturers:

~350 companies


! System integrators

~10,000 companies


! Total staff :

~60,000 employees

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Typical system for combined space and domestic water heating

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5

5

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1) Collectors 2) Hot water tank

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3) Boiler

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4) Solar station and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach 5) Solar HotHeating water supply

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- 30.09.2014

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Picture: Buderus/www.heizsparer.de

On-roof installation

Status – Solar Thermal Energy in Germany

Picture: BSW Solar

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Facade-integrated installation

Picture: BSW Solar

Status – Solar Thermal Energy in Germany

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Facade-mounted installation

Status – Solar Thermal Energy in Germany

Picture: BSW Solar

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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District heating installation

Status – Solar Thermal Energy in Germany

Picture: www.dietmar-strauss.de

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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MARKET SHARE – SOLAR HEATING Market share by collector type (Germany 2013) Source: B.W. Koldehoff

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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MARKET SHARE – SOLAR HEATING Market share by collector type (Mexico 2011) Source: [1]

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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MARKET DEVELOPMENT – SOLAR HEATING

Source: BSW-Solar/www.solarwirtschaft.de

Turnover of solar thermal industry (Germany)

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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MARKET DEVELOPMENT – SOLAR HEATING

Source: BSW-Solar/www.solarwirtschaft.de

Solar thermal collector area installed (Germany)

Mexico: 2,5 Mio m2 (2013)

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Monthly installed collector area (m2)

Status

Domestic water and heating

Subsidy per m2 collector area (!)

Domestic water

2014: !90/m2 2014 Picture: [4]

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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SUBSIDY – SOLAR HEATING Subsidy structure in Germany Basis subsidy

Bonus subsidy

Innovation subsidy

Single/multiple family

„ 

In addition to Basis

Multiple family houses

houses (existing):

„ 

€ 500 if existing

and commercial build.

boiler is replaced

(existing and new):

€90 per m2 (40 m2)

boiler OR biomass heater OR heat pump „ 

€180 per m2 (20-100m2, only DHW

€50 for efficient solar pumps

+heating OR solar cooling)

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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STATUS – SOLAR HEATING Facts & Figures for German ST market: „ 

Total solar thermal power installed:

12.3 GWth

„ 

Total number of solar thermal systems installed:

1.9 Million

„ 

Energy generated by solar thermal systems:

7.0 TWhth/yr

„ 

CO2-Emissions avoided by solar thermal:

„ 

Share of solar thermal on total heat supply:

1%

„ 

Fossil fuel cost savings due to solar thermal:

250 Million €/yr

1.3 Million tons/yr

(Numbers given for 2013)

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Picture: www.bbs2-info.de

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Case study 1 – Social Housing - Private developer

Key statistics: Location: Buildings: Apartments: Collector area: Start of operation: CO2-Savings p.a.:

Kaufbeuren/GER 2 28 39 m2 2008 4.4 tons

! No rent increase due to installation !

Picture: Ritter XL Solar Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Case study 2 – Social Housing - Housing corporation

Key statistics: Location: Buildings: Apartments: Collector area: Start of operation: CO2-Savings p.a.:

Berlin/GER 14 851 930 m2 2008 60%

! No rent increase due to installation !

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Picture: Berliner Mieterverein

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STATUS – SOLAR COOLING Solar cooling industry in Germany „ 

Engineering and services:

3 companies

„ 

Component suppliers:

13 companies

„ 

Implementation:

3 companies

„ 

Research institutions:

>10 institutes

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW – SOLAR COOLING

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

Source: [3]

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TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW – SOLAR COOLING electrically driven solar cooling systems

grid-connected

net-metering

feed-in tariff

grid-independent

battery storage

no storage

Source: [3]

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Decision scheme for solar cooling systems

TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

(cooling only)

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

* plus additional air-water heat exchanger in air handling unit

Source: [3]

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MARKET DEVELOPMENT – SOLAR COOLING

Installed heat driven solar cooling systems (worldwide)

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

Source: [2]

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COST DEVELOPMENT – SOLAR COOLING

Numbers for heat driven solar cooling systems

Source: [3] Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Case study 1 – Single family house - Private investor Key statistics: Location: Collector area: Start of operation: Cooling capacity: Total cost installed:

Wiesloch/Germany 40 m2 2008 7.5 kW ! 52,000

Source: [3] Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Case study 2 – Commercial building – Corporate owner Key statistics: Location: Collector area: Start of operation: Cooling capacity: Total cost installed:

Charlestown/Australia 350 m2 2010 233 kW ! 727,680

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

Source: [3]

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Case study 3 – Industrial application Key statistics: Location: Collector area: Start of operation: Cooling capacity: Total cost installed:

Jiutepec/Mexiko 440 m2 2001 175 kW ! 701,200

Source: [5]

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

Source: [6]

Source: [6]

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Notes:

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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SUBSIDY – SOLAR COOLING Subsidy structure in Germany Market incentive program (KfW bank)

Efficient cooling systems in industry (BAFA)

Market incentive program (BAFA)

Investment cost

Investment cost

Existing and new MFH

subsidy for commercial/

subsidy for sorption

and commercial

MFH buildings:

systems > 5kW :

buildings:

-50%

-25% / -35%*

(for 20-100m2 collector

(for 40-100 m2 collector area)

€180 per m2

* only for ammonia systems

area)

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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STATUS – SOLAR COOLING Facts & Figures for German SC market: „ 

Total solar cooling capacity installed:

3.1 MWth

„ 

Total number of solar cooling systems installed:

47

„ 

Collector area installed for solar cooling:

6,500 m2

„ 

Preferred cooling technology:

„ 

Preferred collector technology:

ADsorption chiller Flat plate

(Numbers given for 2009)

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

Picture: SOLEM Consulting

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STATUS – SOLAR COOLING Technology leadership: Small scale ADsorption chillers

Picture: Urban Energy

Picture: SorTech AG

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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CONCLUSIONS – SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY Market size

+ ± Process heat Solar Cooling Solar Desalination leading technologies available, but energy costs still too low

Development

Multi family houses District heating Facade-integrated slowly growing market due to improved subsidies

Early Market

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

Small scale solar thermal currently a shrinking market due to reduced subsidies and competition from PV

Time

Mass Market Slide 30

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REFERENCES [1]

Lozano D., Maibaum A., Sauer F. (2014). Erneuerbare Energien in Gebäuden – Photovoltaik und Solarthermie, Zielmarktanalyse 2014 mit Profilen der Marktakteure aus Mexiko, www.export-erneuerbare.de

[2]

Jakob, U. (2014). Technologies and Perspectives of Solar Cooling Systems. AHK-Conference Sydney, Australia, March 24th 2014. www-efficiency-from-germany.info

[3]

Kohlenbach, P. und Jakob, U. (2014). Solar Cooling: The Earthscan Expert Guide to Solar Cooling Systems. Routledge/Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0415639750

[4]

Fahrplan Solarwärme (2012). Strategie und Maßnahmen der Solarwärme-Branche für ein beschleunigtes Marktwachstum bis 2030. BSW – Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft e.V.. Juli 2012

[5]

Kunz, P.M. und Schu, W. (2002). SoIarunterstützte Klimatisierung in einer Garnfabrik in Mexiko - über 10 Jahre störungsfreier Betrieb. http://www.che.hs-mannheim.de/ibv/institut/veroeffentlichungen/5_uv_po_ne/12-12-02_F+E%20Profil%20Kunz-Schu.pdf.

Zuletzt aufgerufen am 11.09.2014. [6]

Best-Brown, Roberto (2014). Personal communication.

Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach - 30.09.2014

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Vielen Dank / ¡Muchas gracias! Prof. Dr.-Ing. Paul Kohlenbach Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin / Germany

www.efficiency-from-germany.info

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