Soil Science Instrumentation

SOILMOISTURE

HOSKIN SCIENTIFIC LTD.

www.hoskin.ca

TableofContents  AUGERS&SAMPLINGGEAR —‰‡”‡–•Ƭ †‹˜‹†—ƒŽ—‰‡”• ƒˆ‹‡Ž†‘‹Žƒ’Ž‡”• ‡ƒ–ƒ’Ž‡”• ‘”‡ƒ’Ž‡”• SOILCLASSIFICATION —•‡ŽŽ‘‹Ž‘Ž‘—”Šƒ”– SOILGAS  ͳͲͲ‘‹Ž ƒ•ƒ…‡ ‘•–‘‡”‹ŽŽ‹‰‡–Š‘† —–‘ƒ–‡†‘‹Žʹš…Šƒ‰‡›•–‡

͵Ͷ͵ʹ”‘„‡ȋ—”‹ƒ„Ž‡Ȍ ͳͲͲͲ‘”–ƒ„Ž‡ʹ‡•’‹”ƒ–‹‘›•–‡ š›‰‡‘–‡–ƒŽ›•‹•›•–‡ š›‰‡‹ˆˆ—•‹‘‡–‡”

ƒŽ˜ƒ‹…‘‹Žš›‰‡‡•‘”•ȋ—”‹ƒ„Ž‡Ȍ ƒ†Š‡Ž† ˆ‘” ƒ•‡–‡…–‹‘ HYDROLOGY(FIELD/PORTABLE) ‘—„Ž‡Ǧ‹‰ ˆ‹Ž–”‘‡–‡”

—‡Ž’Š‡”‡ƒ‡–‡”

‡‡ƒ••‹˜‡›•‹‡–‡”ȋ”ƒ‹ ƒ—‰‡Ȍ Ǧƒ–‘•–ƒ–‡ƒ†‡”‡ƒ‡–‡” ‹‹Ǧ‹• ˆ‹Ž–”‘‡–‡” ‡•‹‘ ˆ‹Ž–”‘‡–‡” ‡‘–‡‡’‡‡ŽŽ‹– ‘‹ŽȀ‹”‡”‡ƒ‡–‡” HYDROLOGY(LAB) ƒ–—”ƒ–‡†‘‹Ž‡”‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–››•–‡ ‘Ž—”ƒ•’‘”–›•–‡ ‡’‡”‡••—”‡‡ŽŽ• MOISTURESENSORS ”ƒ•‡‹‡‘ƒ‹‡ˆŽ‡…–‘‡–”›ȋȌ ”‘ˆ‹Ž‡”‘„‡ Š‡–ƒ”‘„‡Ȁ‹– ͵ͲͲ‘‹Ž‘‹•–—”‡”‘„‡ǤǤǤ‡•‘”Ȁ‹–ȋǡȌ ǤǤǤ‡•‘”Ȁ‹–ȋǡȌ ǦͷǡͷƬͷ‘‹Ž‘‹•–—”‡‡•‘”• ͹ͷͲ‘‹Ž‘‹•–—”‡‡

›’•—Ž‘…• TENSIOMETERS —‹…”ƒ™‡•‹‘‡–‡”

‡–Ǧ ‹ŽŽ‡•‹‘‡–‡” ‡•‹‘‡–‡”™Ȁ ƒ—‰‡ ‡•‹‘‡–‡”•™Ȁ—‹Ž–Ǧ ”ƒ•†—…‡”• WATERPOTENTIAL Ǧͳ‘‹Žƒ–‡”‘–‡–‹ƒŽ‡•‘” ͶǦ‡™’‘‹–‡–‡” PHYSICALCHARACTERISTICS ‡‡–”‘‡–‡”•ȋ‘’ƒ…–‹‘Ȍ ‡–‹‡˜‹‰’’ƒ”ƒ–—•ȋ‰‰”‡‰ƒ–‡–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ȍ ƒŽ…‹‡–‡”ȋƒ”„‘ƒ–‡‘–‡–Ȍ ‹’‡––‡’’ƒ”ƒ–—•ȋƒ”–‹…Ž‡‹œ‡Ȍ ‹”›…‘‡–‡”ȋ’‡…‹ˆ‹…‡‹‰Š–Ȍ SALINITY,pH&MACRONUTRIENTS ‹”‡…–‡ƒ•—”‡”‘„‡Ȁ‡–‡” ƒ‘––‡’”ƒ…‡” ͳͷͲ‘‹Ž’‡–‡” ‘„‹ƒ–‹‘‘‹Ž—–ˆ‹–•Ȃ‘†‡Ž‡”‹‡•

ƒ”†‡‹–Ȃ‘†‡Ž THERMALPROPERTIESANDTEMPERATUREPROFILING ʹ”‘Š‡”ƒŽ”‘’‡”–‹‡•ƒŽ›œ‡” Š͵‘‹Ž‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡”‘ˆ‹Ž‡”‘„‡ SOILWATERRETENTION ›”‘’›•–‡Ǧ˜ƒ’‘”ƒ–‹‘‡–Š‘†……‘”†‹‰–‘…Š‹†Ž‡” ”‡••—”‡‡„”ƒ‡š–”ƒ…–‹‘›•–‡• SOILWATERSAMPLING —…–‹‘›•‹‡–‡”• ”ƒ‹ ƒ—‰‡Ȃ ‡‡ƒ••‹˜‡ƒ’‹ŽŽƒ”››•‹‡–‡” ʹ‡ƒ…Šƒ–‡—…‡–ƒ’Ž‡”  ͳʹͲ‡ƒ…Šƒ–‡ƒ’Ž‹‰Žƒ–‡ ƒ…———’• 



5 6 7 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 19 21 22 24 25 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 34 34 35 35 36 38 40 42 44 45 46 46 46 47 48 48 49 52 53 53 53 54 55 56 57 57 58 58 59 60 62 66 67 67 68

Au uger Sets s

Part Number N

Descripttion

01.11 1.SE Ergon nomical augerr set

This set for heterogeneo ous soils is used d to carry out manual drilling d and sam mpling in a greatt variety of diffe erent soils in an a ergonomically y sound way. Itt is particularly suitable for general soil investigation (d description of th he layering,, geology, arche eaology) as welll as taking samples for such activities as env vironmental res search.

01.11 1.SO Auger set for heterrogeneous soils

Augering gs and sampling gs in homogeneous soils, in alm most all cases can be execute ed with one type e of auger. For augering gs in heterogene eous soils, several different aug ger types willl be applied. Th his led to an aug ger set for heteroge eneous soils. With the standard d set it is possib ble to execute manual augerin ng to a depth off 5 meter, witho out ysical effort great phy

01.11 1.SZ Auger set for heterrogeneous soils

This auger set for heterogeneous soils is the same as the ntioned above, but b with a conic cal screw thread d one men connectio on.

01.16 6 Prosp pecting kit for geolo ogical surveys

The kit can c be used for augerings in he eterogeneous so oils, to improv ve the mobility it comprises les ss different aug ger types.

01.09 9.SA Piston Sampler sett 9.SB 01.09 Dividable piston pler set samp

The sets are very suitab ble for sampling g less cohesive soil s layers be elow the (ground) water table to t a depth up to o5 meter. The T samples sho ow little disturba ance and thereffore are suita able for very acc curate profile de escription. With 01.09.SA A set one piston n sampler is use ed with a sample e gutter to o empty the sam mpler in. The 01 1.09.SB set with h dividable e piston samplerr enables you to o take samples of various lengths with sam mple tubes with h 50, 100 and 150 cm lengtth.

I Individua al Augers s Various augerr types: · · · · · · · ·

ers Edelman auge verside auge er Riv Sto ony soil aug ger Spiral auger one catcher Sto Soft soil augerr ouge auger Go Pis ston sampler

Hand auger equipme ent is extremely y suitable for soil research. As almost any typ pe of soil sets wn demands where it concerns the model of th he auger to be applied. a In the course c of the its ow years s many models have h been deve eloped. Years off experience and d many contactts with soil researchers at home e and abroad ma ade it possible to t achieve the optimum o design n for various types s. 8-10 meter By ap pplying extensio on rods with a bayonetb or a co onical threaded connection augering to greater depths is pos ssible. With han nd auger equipm ment a depth off 8-10 meter can realistically be e achieved. The e maximum boring depth strong gly depends on various factors s such as: depth h of the groundw water, the soil profile, p the charracteristics of th he material the auger has to pass through. t

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MODEL DB 39" Tube Kit with 3 tips contains: 1 - 12" Handle 2 - 12" Extension rods 1 - 15" Tube 1 ea. S-1, S-2 and S-3 tip 1 - #10 Tip wrench 1 - 17" Heavy fiberboard case

MODEL L & LS MODEL L: 36" one-piece welded unit with a replaceable screw-on tip. Please specify tip when inquiring. MODEL LS: Same as MODEL L but has added feature of a footstep (right).

SOIL TUBES 1 #102 12" Soil Tube with screw on tip 2 #115 15" Soil Tube with screw on tip 3 #103 18" Soil Tube with screw on tip 4 #815HD 15" Heavy Duty Soil Tube with screw on tip For use in peat or peat-like soil.

SCREW ON TIPS S-1 Dry Tip S-2 Regular Tip S-3 Wet Tip S-4 Heavy Duty Tip #10 Tip Wrench (The above tips can be ordered separately.)

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P Peat and d Root Sa amplers Various Sampler Types: x x x x x

Flag/Rus ssian Peat Sampler, Sta andard Set Peat Proffile Samplerr - Wardena aar Type Vrijwit Auger A Single Ro oot Auger Surface Profile Sampler

Roott research is s executed to t improve the insight in the possi for root r growth h (depth and d concentration) of the root system m of trees and plants s. o all plants to have a dense and In general it is important to ensive root system s in th he soil. An extensive e ro oot system allows a exte the plant to ben nefit from a large volum me of soil. Iff sufficient ntities of nu utrients and water are present p the absorption quan large er if the roo ot system is more exten nsive. Meas suring the ro oot systtem also is a useful mea ans of localiizing physical and/or ch hemical barrriers in the soil profile.

So oil Core Samplers S

mplers: Sam x x x x x x x x x

Single Gouge Augerr Set Single Gouge Augerr Set, Purckh hauer Two-Piec ce Gouge Au uger Split-Tub be Soil Sampling Kit Soil Coring Kit for Chemical Res search Liner Sam mpler for Sa ampling in Soft S or Hard d Soils Soil Sam mple Ring Kitt Soil Colu umn Cylinde er Sampler Percussio on Drilling Set S for Heterogeneous Soils S

Hand-operated equipment can be applied for soil research up p to a 0 meter. The mutual qu uality of many gouge au ugers is deptth of 5 to 10 thatt they all are e fitted with an almost half-cylindrical operatio onal part h parallel cuttting edges running verrtically, justtifying the name n with goug ge auger. This operatio onal part ma ay vary in le ength as well as in diam meter. The most m suitable length depe ends on the e penetration n resistance e, the substa ance of the soil and the e required boring b depth h. The long ger the operrational partt the more vulnerable v the auger is to torsion. The T selectio on of the mo ost suitable diam meter depen nds on the composition c he soil and on o the purpo ose of the re esearch. and the strructure of th In general a sm maller diame eter is applie ed in soils with w a fine an nd/or dense e structure, by comparison to soils h a loose strructure (for instance young swamp py peat). with

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HoskLQ6FLe entific Limited L d M Munsell 6oil 6 &olou ur &harts s

Mun nVHOO6RLO& &harts &oQYHQLHQt w waterproo of binder a and washa able pages s make this book idea al for takin ng in the field... f you u can HYen use it in n the rain! Clas ssify soil un nder a broa ad range of o environm mental conditions. We w worked clos sely with U.6 6. 6oil &onsHUYDWLRQ 6e eUYice to pro oYide the colors that help you mostt accurately ological changes, we de esigned the class sify soils. An nd since color is an indiicator of che emical, phys sical and bio book k to included d broadest range r of enY Yironmental conditions. Worrks with otther natura al specimen ns too! pelage and other You can also use the charts s for classify ying rocks, archaeologic a cal specimens, animal p ural specime ens that fall within this color range. natu Everrything you need in one o conven nient packa age. uded easy-Y Yiew masks You'll haYe eYerrything you need to eas sily conduct on-the-spo ot analyses. :H YH inclu ures and cha arts for estimating between colo or chips; plus illustratio ons of soil g grain structu and apertures b portions of m mottles and coarse fragments. prop

Fea atures: c ‡ 7 hue-based h 10R, 2.5YR, 5YR, color charts including (1 7.5Y YR, 10YR R, 2.5Y, and d 5Y) scale for ‡ 2 Gley G charts (blue and green colors, and grey s g subm merged soils s) ed ps, permane ently mounte ‡2Ye er 322 mattte color chip ‡6RLl grain illusttrations portions of m mottles and coarse arts for estim mating prop ‡&ha fragm ments bbed pages ‡&on nYenient tab es ashable page ‡Waterproof wa e-In-Rain® notes page. ‡5Lte ck and grey masks ‡(as syYiew blac hips een color ch ‡(as syYiew aperrtures betwe ‡Vinyl protectiYe binder

A must-haYe for an nyone working w with soil!

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Soil Gas Lance Features:

Features: The soil gas lance is suitable for extracting soil gas in unsaturated soils. The semipermeable hydrophobic membrane is permeable only for gas, but not for solution. The membrane is hydrophobic, and therefore cannot pick up moisture. The bubble point is near 80 kPa.

Technical Data:

Diameter: 8 mm Total length: 200 mm Porous length of membrane: 100 mm Capillary tube: outer diameter 1/8"; inner diameter 1/16" Material membrane: PTFE (Teflon) Material tube/s and parts: Stainless steel Connector: Swagelock 1/8"

Configurations Art. No.

Description

BGL-200

The Soil gas lance (single capillary tube) has one capillary tube. On this a vacuum is applied to suck up the soil gas. The capillary tube is connected for example to an evacuated sampling bottle with septum and a cannula, or to a gas sampling bottle evacuated by an external vacuum pump.

BGLD-200

The Soil gas lance (dual capillary tubes) has two capillary tubes. The air inside the sampler moves along the inside of the membrane and equalizes to the soil gas by diffusion through the membrane, then is pulled out of one tube, lead through a gas analyser and back into the sampler through the other tube. There is a tube inside the sampler so air enters at the upper end and is pulled out at the bottom end, so it travels along the full length of the membrane. So this is a constant circulation for online monitoring with a gas chromatography detector.

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LOST CONE DRILLING METHOD P1.10 Using an electrical percussion hammer and the casing the lost cone is hammered into the soil.

Drilling a bore hole is often combined with

This procedure makes it easier to reach greater

sampling and describing a profile.

depth and the friction on extracting the casing is

If both these activities are not necessary during the

limited.

drilling procedure then drilling can be executed fast and efficient applying the so called lost cone

On reaching the desired depth a filter tube can be

drilling method.

lowered through the casing or sensors can be left in the bore hole.

Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment developed a manually controlled set using an electrical percus-

Subsequently the casing can be extracted using the

sion hammer to hammer the lost cone and the

2-person operated rod puller in combination with

accompanying casing into the soil.

the universal casing and rod pulling clamp.

10.100

Lost cone drilling set, standard set for

This very complete set contains:

drilling according to the lost cone

an electrical percussion hammer, an aggregate with

method

insulation guard, striking pens, drive-cone holder

The specially designed lost cone is hammered into

for percussion casing, steel casing, pulling equip-

the soil using an electrical percussion hammer

ment, lost cones and various accessories.

which is placed on the casing. The standard set is equipped for drilling to a depth The lost cone produces a very straight bore hole

of up to 10 m.

that is slightly wider in diameter than the casing in order to reduce the friction.

A filter tube is placed in the casing.

Lost cone drilling set

Lost cones

Casing with lost cone

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LOST CONE DRILLING METHOD Applications The lost cone drilling method is successfully applied

Advantages

P1.10

Complete set.

when placing monitoring well pipes with a small diameter, for environmental research.

Fast and efficient drilling method.

After drilling the lost cone is left in the soil. This

No large means of transport required allowing

does not cause any environmental problems as the

operation in less accessible areas.

Using the 2-man operated mechanical rod puller the casing is pulled from the bore hole.

material used is present in the soil by nature. The special shape of the lost cones makes that A completely different application of the set is

there is less friction when the casing is inserted

making holes for the installation of explosives for

and extracted again.

seismic research.

BENEFITS Lost cone drilling set

s Solves problems installing wells in stony soils s Also the safest way to lower explosives s Bentonite plugs will repair layers perfectly s Ideal in combination with Direct Well s Tested for ten-thousands of drilling meters s Non-toxic iron lost point copes with analysis

2-man operated mechanical rod puller

Casing with striking pen

Casing/rod puller clamp + clamping jaw

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ACE Automated Soil CO2 Exchange System s Automated operation Automatically exposes soil area between measurements

s CO2 analyser in chamber Highly accurate CO2 IRGA housed directly inside soil chamber assembly

Soil flux: an important component of total carbon budget s Compact complete system Rapidly rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and its potential impact on future climatic conditions is an issue of increasing global economic

Fully integrated, independent measurement Station

and political significance. Soil respiration can be defined as the net CO2 production of a soil. The amount of gas exchange taking place is frequently used as an indicator of microbial soil activity and so is used to characterise the “health” of that soil. The rate of soil flux is influenced by a variety of environmental parameters especially organic matter content, soil moisture and soil temperature. Natural biomass respiration from soil is a major carbon source.

s Network

Understanding soil flux and its relationship with other sources and

Up to 30 ACE Stations may be connected together in an ACE experimental network

sinks within the carbon cycle are currently subject to increasing scientific scrutiny in relation to global climatic change. The ADC BioScientific ACE system (Automated Soil CO2 Exchange System) is designed for the long-term, unattended monitoring of soil flux for both temporal and spatial studies. Individual ACE Stations can be used independently or as part of an ACE Network of multiple ACE Stations.

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ADC BioScientific Ltd Technical Specification

ADC BioScientific is one of the world’s leading developers of high quality, field portable and easy to use gas exchange instrumentation for a variety of geoscience research applications.

ACE Station Measurement of CO2 Standard range nominally 40.0 mmols m-3 (0-896ppm at standard temperature

For over 30 years ADC’s name has been synonymous with soil respiration research, with an outstanding reputation for both laboratory and field based instrumentation. Today, in hundreds of research institutes throughout the world, ADC gas exchange instrumentation is playing a vital role in improving our understanding of the carbon cycle and its impact on life on earth.

and pressure) 0.05mmols m-3 resolution (1ppm). Infrared gas analyser housed directly adjacent to soil chamber. Differential open or closed system. Measurement of PAR: 0-3000μmols m-2 sec-1. Silicon photocell. Measurement of soil temperature: 6 selectable inputs for thermistors. Measurement of soil moisture: 4 selectable inputs for commercially available sensors. Flow control to chamber: 200ml – 5L min-1. (200-3700μmols-1).

The ACE Automated Soil CO2 Exchange System offers soil researchers many performance advantages compared to other available techniques and provides true value for money.

Flow control accuracy: +/- 3% of f.s.d. Display: 240 x 64 dot matrix LCD. Programming: Each ACE Station has a user-friendly interface driven by only 5 keys. Recorded data:

Removeable Compact Flash cards

Internal battery: 12V standby 1.0Ah battery back up (Networked Station only). Power supply: External source battery, solar panel or wind turbine. One 40Ah car battery provides power for approximately 28 days of continuous use. RS232 output: User selectable rates of up to 19200 baud. Electrical connections: Robust, waterproof 3 pin and 5 pin RS232. Dimensions: 82 x 33 x 13 cm Closed chamber volume: 2.6L Open chamber volume: 1.0L Soil collar diameter: 23cm ACE Station weight: 9.0kg

ACE Master control unit Construction: Steel sealed enclosure. Electrical connections: 30 ACE Station docking ports. Display: Graphic 240 x 64 dot matrix LCD. Programming: User-friendly interface driven by only 5 keys. Recorded data: Dual Compact Flash card drive. RS232 output: User selectable rates of up to 19200 baud. Power connection: 100 – 240 VAC Dual 12V battery docking ports. Dimensions: 40 x 40 x 20 cm Master Control Unit weight: 12.0kg

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GMP343 Carbon Dioxide Probe for Demanding Measurements Features/Benefits t Excellent accuracy and stability t Vaisala CARBOCAP® Sensor, a silicon-based non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor t A single-beam, dual-wavelength CO2 measurement with no moving parts t Compensation options for temperature, pressure, humidity and oxygen t Low power consumption and heat emission t Designed for outdoor use t Compact and lightweight

through model (right).

Dioxide Probe GMP343 is an accurate and rugged probe-type instrument for ecological measurements. Typical applications include: t CO2 soil respiration t Ambient CO2 monitoring t Plant growth chambers t OEM applications

Open path, diffusion aspirated probe need for bulky and power-consuming consumption of the GMP343 itself is low, even below 1 W.

Novel solution for soil respiration measurements eliminates the measurement error often present in pump-aspirated measurement systems.

Rugged metal structure

and real-time data of the GMP343 from the MI70 to a PC. Heated optics prevent the formation of condensation.

User-configurable measurement

can also compensate the measurement with an internal temperature measurement and user-set relative humidity, pressure and oxygen values.

Calibration Each GMP343 is calibrated using ±0.5 % accurate gases at 0 ppm, 200 ppm, 370 ppm, 600 ppm, 1000 ppm, 4000 ppm and 2 %. Calibration is also done at four temperature points, -30 °C, 0 °C, 25 °C and 50 °C. If needed, the customer can recalibrate the instrument using the multipoint calibration (MPC) calibration points.

MI70 In combination with an MI70 indicator, the GMP343 provides an ideal tool for accurate in-situ measurement. communication, and data-login device. To achieve most accurate measurements, a Vaisala HMP75 humidity probe can be connected to the MI70 indicator for automatic humidity compensation. In that case a manual compensation is not needed.

GMP343 can for example be installed directly into a soil respiration box. sampling systems and errors related to

software allows transferring logged

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GMP343

CARBON DIOXIDE

Technical Data Performance

Operating Environment

Measurement range options

Temperature operating -40 ... +60 °C (-40 ... +140 °F) storage -40 ... +70 °C (-40 ... 158 °F) Humidity see graph ‘GMP343 Operating Conditions’ Pressure compensated range 700 ... 1300 hPa operating