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Soil Mapping in Indonesia: Its status and use for Agricultural development Yiyi Sulaeman Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resource Research and Development

Content • Indonesian agriculture: at glance • Significance • Goal • Challange & Strategy

• Soil mapping progres • Soil map varian • Mapping coverage

• Soil map use • Map function • Current use

• Future direction

INDONESIAN AGRICULTURE

Indonesian Agriculture at glance • Indonesian agriculture contribute to around 10,26% of GDP, growth 3,9%, dominated by estate crops (2010-2014) • Employs around 30,2% of the labor force (35.76 million) • 60% of major food crops (rice, maize, and soybean) being produced in Java • Palm Oil is produced in Outer Island (Sumatra, Kalimantan)

5 Goals of Agricultural Dev.(2015-2019) 1. To increase food availability and diversity to attain food sovereignty 2. To increase the added value and competitivness of food and agriculture products 3. To increase the availibity of materias for bioindustry and bioenergy 4. To increase farmer’s income and prosperity

Source: Agric. Minister Reg #19/2015

5 Challanges of Agricultural Dev.(2015-2019) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Providing enough food and material for industry & energy Climate change, enviromental damage and natural hazard Global economic condition Increasing population and urbanization Distribution and marketing of agricultural product

Source: Agric. Minister Reg #19/2015

Strategy #1. Increasing land availability and land utilization • Land audit (agric. Land balance and its spatial distibution) • Effective implementation of Act #41/2009 (about protecting primary agric. land)Soil Map • Protection, conservation, and extensification agricultural landSoil Map • Optimizing underutilized agricultural land (applying land and crop variety technology)Soil Map • Assist farmer in land sertifiation, land management and land consolidationSoil Map • Maintain soil fertility and improve marginal land conditionSoil Map • Optimizing existing water resources and developing Source: Agric. Minister Reg #19/2015 alternative water source

Indonesian Soil Map 1. Soil and landunit map – – – – – – –

Landunit approcah Soil is part of landunit legenda Covered 100% countrywide for 1:1.000.000 scale Covered 100% countrywide for 1:250.000 scale At 1:50.000: 181 regency of 458 regencies (2003-2014) To be completed in 2016 Mainly based geodata for • • • •

Land suitability map Soil nutrient status map Peatland map Swampy land map

Regency-level mapping coverage at 1:50.000 scale Periode 2003 - 2014

Have been mapped Have not been mapped

Number of regency Available Not available data

: 458* : 181 : 277

Soil mapping products include: -soil observation map (coord, morphochemical properties -photos of landscape condition -soil and landunit map -land suitability map for a given crops -AEZ map -SPKL-database

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Indonesian Soil Map 2. Soil P and K status map of rice field – Polygon map, used interpolation technique – Based on soil testing, total P2O5 and K2O – Each polygon provide information on the status of soil P or Soil K, mainly for ricefield – Available at 1:250.000 • Aceh, Bali, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jambi, South Borneo, Lampung, Lombok, Riau, West Celebes, South Celebes, Central Celebes, Southeastern Celebes, North Celebes, West Sumatera, South Sumatera, North Sumatera, Benten, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, East Java

– At 1:50.000, regencies of northern Java

Indonesian Soil Map 3. Peatland map – Polygon map, – legend: soil name at subgrup level, peat thick, water table – Updating PIPIB (peta Indikatif Penundaan Izin Baru) – Delineating degraded peatland for sustainable management of degraded peatland – Available at 1:250.000 for Sumatera, Borneo, Papua – Available at 1:50.000: • Borneo (Pulang Pisau, Kubu raya), • Sumatera (Muara Bungo, Pelalawan), • Papua (Teluk Bintuni, Mimika)

Peatland distribution based on PIPIB v. 7 (2015) at 1:250.000 scale

At 1:250.000 scale, peatland has been mapped for 3 main islands: Sumatera, Borneo, Papua

14,9 million ha peatland (BBSDLP, 2011)

Indonesian Soil Map 4. Swampyland map – Polygon map, legend contain swampy land type (tidal versus non tidal/Lebak), and subtype (tidal A, B, C, D), (lebak pematang, lebak middle, lebak deep) and soil/substratum – Planning of rice planting area in dry season and technology required – Available at 1:500.000 for countrywide – Available at 1:50.000 • Sumatera (8 regencies), • Borneo (17 regencies), • West Papua (3 regencies)

SOIL MAP: FUNCTION & USES

Function of Soil Maps • Guidance for government in selecting the area for transmigration – Transmigration program transfers people to new location – Soil and landunit map provides land data to asses new land suitability for agricultural crops

• Guidance for government in allocating fertilizer and mechanization subsidies • Source of soil information for students, researchers, universities and other stakeholders • Provide soil information and associated technologies for state and private companies • Legal requirment for permits

Present use of soil map: an example • National level: – To identify suitable technologies supporting special effort (UPSUS) to increase the production and productivity of rice, corn, soybean, sugarcane, shallot, chilli and cocoa (especially off season)..2015 – To formulate technologies for managing suboptimal land (exmining land, peatland, swampyland)..2013-2013 – To create masterplan for rice, corn, soybean, cassava (2015) – To identify effective areas for agro investment (sugarcane, oilpalm, food estate), 2014-2015 • Remote areas, state boundary areas, outer islands

– To identify effective areas for energy crop development (National Energy Board, 2014-2015)

Present use of soil map: an example • Provincial Gov: – To create masterplans for developing estate crop based agricultural zone (8 province 2015, 24 province 2016) • Bangka Belitung (pepper), South Sumatera (oil palm), West Java (tea), Central Java (sugarcane), Bali (coffea), North Celebes (nugnut), Southeastern Celebes (cocoa)

– Conservation strategy of tobaco-based agric. Land (west java prov.

• Regencial Govt: – Exotic crop development (Mangga Gedong and Sawo Sukatali) (Sumedang Regency, 2015) – Ricefield conversion and ricefield development (Boalemo regency, 2015) – Boalemo Techno Park (Boalemo regency, 2015)

• Private companies: – Permit requirement for peatland (Moratorium, 2013-2015) – Increasing sugarcane production in PTPN 7 (2011-2012) – Land suitability for crop

FUTURE DIRECTION

next soil mapping activities • detailizing soil maps for unmapped regencies, • edge-matching and map compiling • integrating and modifying soil map and its information tailoring to national spatial policy formulation (system dynamic approach) • refining soil geodatabase management and development

PRODUK SISTEM DINAMIK

1

• MODEL PENCAPAIAN SWASEMBADA PADI

2

• MODEL PENCAPAIAN SWASEMBADA JAGUNG

3

• MODEL PENCAPAIAN SWASEMBADA KEDELAI

4

• MODEL PENGEMBANGAN MERAUKE

KONSEPTUALISASI PENCAPAIAN SWASEMBADA PADI Luas Baku Sawah

-

// Alih Fungsi Lahan

// delay OT dan tanam -

+ -

IP

Irigasi

+

(+)

+

(+)

Mekanisasi +

+

+

+

Luas Tanam

Penduduk

Kebutuhan Air +

Luas Panen +

+ Rendemen Giling

(+)

+ Kebutuhan Saprodi

Losses + (-)

+ GKG

//

+

+

Beras

+ Konsumsi +

+

Neraca

-

STRATEGI PENCAPAIAN SWASEMBADA PADI UPAYA YANG DILAKUKAN INTENSIFIKASI: 1. Peningkatan Provitas 2. Peningkatan IP 3. Penurunan Losses

EKSISTING (2014) 70,6 Juta ton GKG

TARGET (2015) 75 Juta ton GKG

EKSTENSIFIKASI: 1. Cetak sawah baru 2. Optimalisasi lahan SKENARIO 1 LOKASI DENGAN IP < 1,5 900.646,13 ha

SKENARIO 2 LOKASI DENGAN PROVITAS < 4,6 TON/HA 961.668 ha

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