Software Product Lines

Software Product Lines Adapted from: •Software Product Lines: Reuse That Makes Business Sense by Linda Northrop, 2007 •Software Architecture in Pract...
Author: Everett Goodman
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Software Product Lines

Adapted from: •Software Product Lines: Reuse That Makes Business Sense by Linda Northrop, 2007 •Software Architecture in Practice, 3rd edition by Bass, Clements and Kazman •Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns by Clements and Northrop. •Feature Diagrams and Logics: There and Back Again, Czarnecki ,2007 •Managing Variability in Software Architectures, Bachman & Bass,2001

J. Scott Hawker/R. Kuehl RIT Software Engineering

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Strategic and Systematic Reuse

Large scale, strategic, planned reuse

Software Product Lines

Software product lines align software reuse with business strategy to produce predictable results.

J. Scott Hawker/R. Kuehl RIT Software Engineering

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What is a Software Product Line?

What are some product line examples? J. Scott Hawker/R. Kuehl RIT Software Engineering

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Business Goals

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Failure of Ad Hoc Reuse  Reuse libraries that are ….     

Not useful Too difficult to use Too small – easier to rewrite Unknown pedigree Quality attributes mismatched or insufficient

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Economics Of Product Lines

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Essential Activities

         J. Scott Hawker/R. Kuehl RIT Software Engineering

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Management Challenges Business case – ROI Customer communications Startup – launching and institutionalizing Configuration management Process discipline Product schedule priority conflict resolution Make/buy/reuse/sub-contract decisions Project planning, resourcing, budgeting Testing

Product Line Development  Adoption strategies  Top down versus bottom up  Proactive versus reactive adoption  Incremental versus big-bang

 Organizational structure  Who manages, develops, and supports core assets?  Dedicated group?  Coordinated across product teams?

J. Scott Hawker/R. Kuehl RIT Software Engineering

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Scope, Commonality, and Variability Analysis (SCV)

Adapted from: •Software Product Lines: Reuse That Makes Business Sense by Linda Northrop, 2007 •Software Architecture in Practice, 3rd edition by Bass, Clements and Kazman •Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns by Clements and Northrop. •Feature Diagrams and Logics: There and Back Again, Czarnecki ,2007 •Managing Variability in Software Architectures, Bachman & Bass,2001

J. Scott Hawker/R. Kuehl RIT Software Engineering

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Scoping  Find commonality and variation points among potential products  Product Lines are distinguished in terms of features  Software and potentially associated hardware elements

 Identify differentiating characteristics among products  Feature Matrix  Feature Model  Scope, variability, commonality (SVC) analysis

J. Scott Hawker/R. Kuehl RIT Software Engineering

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Feature Matrix

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Feature Model

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SVC Architecture Analysis  Find architecture variation points to support modifiability  Module(s) that needs to be modifiable to achieve a product line variation  Based on what will be common, what will vary in the product line

 Select a variation mechanism for each variation point  Trade-off – cost of over-engineering flexibility versus design refactoring  Variability (modifiability)as a quality attribute

J. Scott Hawker/R. Kuehl RIT Software Engineering

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Variation Points

Alternatives for Variant A

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Variation Mechanisms  Ways to configure variation points; compile, build, or run time  Each mechanism has a cost – development, deployment, side effects

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Architecture Variation Mechanisms  Could just copy modules and make changes (“clone and own”)  Fast and easy, but scalability?  Inclusion or omission of elements  Through build procedures

 Selection of different versions of elements with the same interface  Different behavioral or quality attribute characteristics.  Selection can occur at compile, build, or run time.

J. Scott Hawker/R. Kuehl RIT Software Engineering

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Variation Mechanisms Extension points

Identified places in the architecture to safely add functions

Reflection

Programs that can adjust their behavior or state at runtime

Overloading

Reuse named functionality with different parameter types

Inheritance

Specialization or generalization of a class

Component substitution

Swap components at compile time

Add-ons, plug-ins

Runtime substitution of components

Templates

Code templates – add application specific code

Parameters

Parameter values specify variations

Generator

Code generators

Aspects

Separate “cross cutting” concerns

Runtime conditions

Execution decisions directed by conditional values

Configurator

Installation configuration of components

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Android Software Architecture

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