SMART GRID LABORATORY

National Smart Grid Laboratory NTNU and SINTEF are building a new National Smart Grid Laboratory in Trondheim with funding from the Research Council of Norway in cooperation with the Arctic University of Norway and Smart Innovation Østfold. The laboratory is a systemoriented laboratory providing state-of-the-art infrastructure for R&D, demonstration, verification and testing over a wide range of Smart Grid use cases.

Real time simulated power systems and controls (RTSPC)

200 kVA power supply interface integrating RTSPC and PPSC

Physical power systems and controls (PPSC)

Smart Building

Control centre(s)

Energy storage PV EV

Measurements infrastructure Communication infrastructure Data access (remote real time access, database access)

Laboratory concept: A specific feature of the laboratory is the opportunity to integrate real-time simulations and physical power system assets (hardware-in-the-loop) with ratings up to 200 kVA, 400 V AC or 700 V DC.

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Laboratory inventory / capabilities

Application areas / Domains supported

• Transmission systems (AC/DC) • Distribution systems • Generation (Large scale, DG, wind farms, PV, hydro..) • Network customers / loads • AC/DC converters: Voltage Source Converters (VSC) and Multi-Level Converters (MMC) • Rotating machinery: Induction generators/motors (IG), Synchronous generators/motors (SG), Permanent magnet generators/motors (PM) • Grid emulator (200 kVA amplifier , DC to 5 kHz) • Real-Time Digital Simulators, Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) testing equipment and Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) systems (OPAL-RT) • Smart meters • Smart homes Smart buildings • Smart appliances • Energy storage • EV charging infrastructure • Protection equipment • Monitoring and measurement equipment • Wide area monitoring – Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) • Communications

• Smart transmission grids • HVDC grids • Smart active distribution grids • Micro grids • Integration of Smart Grids, Smart houses and smart industries • Integration of renewables (large scale, DG) • Smart Grid and home automation • Smart electricity use • Electrification of transport • Energy storage in Smart Grids • Energy conversion in Smart Grids • Power system stability in Smart Grids • Monitoring, control and automation in Smart Grids • Communication technologies for Smart Grids • Information security and privacy in Smart Grids • Reliability challenges in Smart Grids -dependencies of Power Grid and ICT • Smart grid software • Big data management and analytics in SmartGrids

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Laboratory use Smart Home Management System Test of devices, equipment, control technology and strategies for smart home energy, indoor climate and home security and safety. In the project, different architectures (central intelligence versus distributed intelligence) and systems (e.g. LonWorks, KNX,…) were investigated and tested for different scenarios realising basic functions such temperature, ventilation and light controls, integration with smart meters, remote control, smart phone integration etc.

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AC

Multi-terminal HVDC grid connecting offshore wind farms Large multi-terminal HVDC grids are predicted for future implementation. We verified a control strategy that will ensure safe and stable operation of such grids. This was done using a future scenario featuring a North Sea supergrid connecting 3 countries with a large share of wind power (> 50%). The strategy maintained grid stability despite large variations in produced wind power. The number of converters and machines of the lab enabled this large and complex experiment.

55 kVA Induction Generator

400 V

DC 66 kVA VSC

66 kVA VSC IM

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IG

AC DC

DC bus 640 V

Inv

IM

AC

IG

DC

400 V Grid model with variable load 17 kVA Synchronous Generator

66 kVA VSC

AC DC

400 V

66 kVA VSC

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Frequency support from wind turbines If wind turbines can support the electrical grid operation during faults then larger wind farms can be installed in areas with weak grids. We verified and quantified the effect of different control strategies on wind turbine performance during faults. The quantification included

Inv

IM

IG

AC DC

AC DC

wind farm equivalent

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the effects of implementation on real hardware compared to software simulation. Tests were done for the two prevailing generator technologies that are used for wind turbines.

IG

IM

Inv

Weak grid equivalent

Product testing and verification New products and solutions often need to be tested and verified in laboratory conditions before being commercialized. We have provided a test platform for different manufacturers to test their equipment, e.g. voltage boosters, short-circuit impedance measurement tools and power quality analysers.

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Micro grid The integration of real-time simulated power systems and controls interfaced with a small model micro grid is shown in the figure.

The objective of the setup, is to test various microgrid control strategies.

Real microgrid

Grid model + control model

Power amplifier

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200 kVA Power Hardware in the loop (PHIL) The purpose of the 200 kVA PHIL solution in the Smart Grid Laboratory is emulate power systems, devices and controls and their integration to physical model power systems, devices and controls to study system behaviour and performance for a reasonable power ranges and frequencies. The advantage compared to the testing of use cases at very low powers and voltages, is the ability to model certain physical phenomena in a realistic way (e.g. rotating machinery thermal effects and time constants). The figure shows the Power Hardware in the Loop setup with the OPAL RT real-time simulators (OP5600), the I/O devices (OP4520) and the 200 kVA, 5kHz Egston power amplifier.

OP5600 - ML605 #1

Dolphin Sync

Dolphin - FO

Dolphin

Synch - FO

PCIe

CAN

OP5600 - ML605 #2

Sync PCIe

PCIe Expansion

CAN Eth x4

Aurora

PCle-FO

PCle-FO

OP4520 - IO

OP4520 - IO

Aurora

Aurora 1x SFP

Aurora 1x SFP

2-level converter or MMC

2-level converter or MMC OP4510 with Motherboard #3

Power Amplifier COMPISO System Unit 200 kVA

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Main supply Lab supply grid 400 V AC 225 A

225 A

L1 Local grid 1

L12

Short circuilt emulator

L2 Local grid 2

125 A 60 kVA lab converter DC AC DC Inv

AC IM

Energy storage lab

IG

Inv

PMG

IM

Inv

PM generator 50 kVA

Induction generator 55 kVA

50 A HV/MV substation unit

MV bus

20 kVA back to back converter

AC DC

Inv

IM

SG

Synchronous generator 17 kVA

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DC AC

Example of physical power system setup The Laboratory is very flexible with respect to topology and configuration.

Contacts: NTNU Project Manager Professor II Kjell Sand [email protected] +47 73 59 42 16 / +47 481 64 542 SINTEF Energy Research Research Manager John O. Tande [email protected] + 47 913 68 188

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Design and print: Fagtrykk Trondheim AS - Photo: SINTEF/Gry Karin Stimo

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www.sintef.no / www.ntnu.no