Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd CHEMICAL LABORATORIES
ABN 26 004 782 996
CHARTERED CHEMISTS – ANALYTICAL, CONSULTING, INDUSTRIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL Director: J.R. Franceschini B.Sc(HONS), M.R.A.C.I., C.C. Our Ref.:
15/A/0278-0279
TEST REPORT CERTIFICATE No.: 15 – 0063
Report Date:
28th April 2015
Client:
Lucida Landscapes Pty Ltd, PO Box 1344 CAMBERWELL, VIC, 3124
Attention To:
James Pickering
Email:
[email protected]
Samples:
2 of Bluestone Pavers ( 6 pieces each)
Date Received:
24th March 2015
Sampled By:
Client
Analysis Required:
Investigative
SAMPLE NOTES: The results of analysis are expressed on the sample as dried. Unless otherwise notified, all samples will be disposed of within three months of reporting date.
Yours Faithfully, Sharp & Howells Pty Ltd
Noradin Hidad BAppSc (MEnv.Sust) C.Chem. MRACI Senior Chemist
John Franceschini BSc (Hons), C.Chem. MRACI Director
Laboratory: 41 Greenaway St, Bulleen, Victoria, 3105 Phone: (03) 9850 9722 E-mail:
[email protected] Website: www.sharpandhowells.com.au All Correspondence: PO Box 231, Bulleen, Victoria, 3105
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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd INTRODUCTION: We received two different bluestone paver samples for comparison of physical and chemical characteristics.
CONCLUSION: The results of these tests show that there are only small differences between these two samples of bluestone. In both flexural and compressive strengths, the average values are approximately 10% higher in the Yarra B stone than in the BAM, so the Yarra B would be expected to perform slightly better in service. The chemical compositions are also broadly similar, with small differences reflecting the different origins of these samples. The chemical differences would not be expected to affect the performance or durability of the stone to any significant extent.
1.
Summary
Our Ref:
15/A/0278
15/A/0279
Sample Markings
BAM
YARRA B
Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa:
77.1
86.8
Flexural Strength, MPa:
17.1
18.6
Cold Water Absorption, %w/w:
1.7
1.8
Iron, as Fe2O3, %w/w:
12.3
11.1
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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd 2. Impurity Analysis – (Scanning Electron Microscopy) Our Ref.: Sample Markings:
Sample Description:
15/A/0278
15/A/0279
Bam
Yarra B
Grey coloured paver
Grey coloured paver, polished one side
Porous stone with larger voids
Porous stone with larger voids
Some orange/brown discoloured areas.
Some pale yellow discoloured areas.
None Detected – (see elemental analysis)
None Detected – (see elemental analysis)
Photo:
Impurities by SEM:
SEM IMAGE:
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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd RESULTS OF ANALYSIS: 3. Unconfined Compressive Strengths (AS/NZS 4456.4) Our Ref: 15/A/0278 Sample Marked: BAM Specimen No.
Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa
1
86.0
2
69.7
3
89.3
4
61.7
5
75.7
6
80.2
Mean Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa
77.1
Unbiased Standard Deviation, MPa
10.3
Capping Type: Aspect Ratio: Orientation in Test:
Full 0.88 As used
Capping Material: Aspect Ratio Factor:
6mm Hard Board 0.65
Our Ref: 15/A/0279 Sample Marked: YARRA B Specimen No.
Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa
1
96.9
2
73.0
3
102.8
4
68.1
5
75.6
6
104.2
Mean Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa
86.8
Unbiased Standard Deviation, MPa
16.3
Capping Type: Aspect Ratio: Orientation in Test:
Full 0.83 As used
Capping Material: Aspect Ratio Factor:
6mm Hard Board 0.64
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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd RESULTS OF ANALYSIS: 4.
(Continued)
Flexural Strength (AS/NZS 4456.5) Our Ref: 15/A/0278 Samples Marked: BAM Specimen No.
Flexural Strength, MPa
1
18.7
2
19.9
3
16.4
4
14.6
5
15.8
6
Specimen too small for measurement
Mean Flexural Strength, MPa
17.1
Standard Deviation, MPa
2.2
Our Ref: 15/A/0279 Samples Marked: YARRA B Specimen No.
Flexural Strength, MPa
1
17.0
2
16.6
3
20.0
4
17.5
5
20.7
6
19.8
Mean Flexural Strength, MPa
18.6
Standard Deviation, MPa
1.8
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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd RESULTS OF ANALYSIS: 5.
(Continued)
Cold Water Absorption (AS/NZS 4456.14)
Our Ref: 15/A/0278 Samples Marked: BAM Specimen No.
Cold Water Absorption, %w/w
1
1.8
2
1.5
3
2.2
4
1.7
5
1.5
6
1.6
Mean Cold Water Absorption, %w/w:
1.7
Our Ref: 15/A/0279 Samples Marked: YARRA B Specimen No.
Cold Water Absorption, %w/w
1
1.5
2
1.9
3
1.3
4
2.0
5
2.1
6
1.7
Mean Cold Water Absorption, %w/w:
1.8
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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd RESULTS OF ANALYSIS: 6.
(Continued)
Elemental Analysis & Moisture & Organic Contents (In house-S&H C001.11 & C001.10):
Our Ref:
15/A/0278
15/A/0279
Sample Markings
BAM
YARRA B
Silicon, as SiO2, %w/w:
48.6
52.5
Titanium, as TiO2, %w/w:
2.2
1.7
Aluminium, as Al2O3, %w/w:
13.8
14.9
Iron, as Fe2O3, %w/w:
12.3
11.1
Manganese, as Mn2O3, %w/w:
0.2
0.1
Magnesium, as MgO, %w/w:
9.0
7.0
Calcium, as CaO, %w/w:
8.9
9.4
Sodium, as Na2O, % w/w:
3.3
2.7
Potassium, as K2O, %w/w:
1.2
0.6
Phosphorus, as P2O5, %w/w:
0.4
0.2
Less than 0.1
Less than 0.1
Loss on Drying @105°, % w/w:
0.37
0.88
Loss on Ignition @105°-600°, % w/w:
0.21
0.40
Loss on Ignition @600°-925°, % w/w: