Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd CHEMICAL LABORATORIES

ABN 26 004 782 996

CHARTERED CHEMISTS – ANALYTICAL, CONSULTING, INDUSTRIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL Director: J.R. Franceschini B.Sc(HONS), M.R.A.C.I., C.C. Our Ref.:

15/A/0278-0279

TEST REPORT CERTIFICATE No.: 15 – 0063

Report Date:

28th April 2015

Client:

Lucida Landscapes Pty Ltd, PO Box 1344 CAMBERWELL, VIC, 3124

Attention To:

James Pickering

Email:

[email protected]

Samples:

2 of Bluestone Pavers ( 6 pieces each)

Date Received:

24th March 2015

Sampled By:

Client

Analysis Required:

Investigative

SAMPLE NOTES: The results of analysis are expressed on the sample as dried. Unless otherwise notified, all samples will be disposed of within three months of reporting date.

Yours Faithfully, Sharp & Howells Pty Ltd

Noradin Hidad BAppSc (MEnv.Sust) C.Chem. MRACI Senior Chemist

John Franceschini BSc (Hons), C.Chem. MRACI Director

Laboratory: 41 Greenaway St, Bulleen, Victoria, 3105 Phone: (03) 9850 9722 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sharpandhowells.com.au All Correspondence: PO Box 231, Bulleen, Victoria, 3105

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Page 1 of 7 This Document Must Not Be Reproduced Except In Full

Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd INTRODUCTION: We received two different bluestone paver samples for comparison of physical and chemical characteristics.

CONCLUSION: The results of these tests show that there are only small differences between these two samples of bluestone. In both flexural and compressive strengths, the average values are approximately 10% higher in the Yarra B stone than in the BAM, so the Yarra B would be expected to perform slightly better in service. The chemical compositions are also broadly similar, with small differences reflecting the different origins of these samples. The chemical differences would not be expected to affect the performance or durability of the stone to any significant extent.

1.

Summary

Our Ref:

15/A/0278

15/A/0279

Sample Markings

BAM

YARRA B

Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa:

77.1

86.8

Flexural Strength, MPa:

17.1

18.6

Cold Water Absorption, %w/w:

1.7

1.8

Iron, as Fe2O3, %w/w:

12.3

11.1

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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd 2. Impurity Analysis – (Scanning Electron Microscopy) Our Ref.: Sample Markings:

Sample Description:

15/A/0278

15/A/0279

Bam

Yarra B

Grey coloured paver

Grey coloured paver, polished one side

Porous stone with larger voids

Porous stone with larger voids

Some orange/brown discoloured areas.

Some pale yellow discoloured areas.

None Detected – (see elemental analysis)

None Detected – (see elemental analysis)

Photo:

Impurities by SEM:

SEM IMAGE:

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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd RESULTS OF ANALYSIS: 3. Unconfined Compressive Strengths (AS/NZS 4456.4) Our Ref: 15/A/0278 Sample Marked: BAM Specimen No.

Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa

1

86.0

2

69.7

3

89.3

4

61.7

5

75.7

6

80.2

Mean Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa

77.1

Unbiased Standard Deviation, MPa

10.3

Capping Type: Aspect Ratio: Orientation in Test:

Full 0.88 As used

Capping Material: Aspect Ratio Factor:

6mm Hard Board 0.65

Our Ref: 15/A/0279 Sample Marked: YARRA B Specimen No.

Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa

1

96.9

2

73.0

3

102.8

4

68.1

5

75.6

6

104.2

Mean Unconfined Compressive Strength, MPa

86.8

Unbiased Standard Deviation, MPa

16.3

Capping Type: Aspect Ratio: Orientation in Test:

Full 0.83 As used

Capping Material: Aspect Ratio Factor:

6mm Hard Board 0.64

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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd RESULTS OF ANALYSIS: 4.

(Continued)

Flexural Strength (AS/NZS 4456.5) Our Ref: 15/A/0278 Samples Marked: BAM Specimen No.

Flexural Strength, MPa

1

18.7

2

19.9

3

16.4

4

14.6

5

15.8

6

Specimen too small for measurement

Mean Flexural Strength, MPa

17.1

Standard Deviation, MPa

2.2

Our Ref: 15/A/0279 Samples Marked: YARRA B Specimen No.

Flexural Strength, MPa

1

17.0

2

16.6

3

20.0

4

17.5

5

20.7

6

19.8

Mean Flexural Strength, MPa

18.6

Standard Deviation, MPa

1.8

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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd RESULTS OF ANALYSIS: 5.

(Continued)

Cold Water Absorption (AS/NZS 4456.14)

Our Ref: 15/A/0278 Samples Marked: BAM Specimen No.

Cold Water Absorption, %w/w

1

1.8

2

1.5

3

2.2

4

1.7

5

1.5

6

1.6

Mean Cold Water Absorption, %w/w:

1.7

Our Ref: 15/A/0279 Samples Marked: YARRA B Specimen No.

Cold Water Absorption, %w/w

1

1.5

2

1.9

3

1.3

4

2.0

5

2.1

6

1.7

Mean Cold Water Absorption, %w/w:

1.8

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Sharp and Howells Pty Ltd RESULTS OF ANALYSIS: 6.

(Continued)

Elemental Analysis & Moisture & Organic Contents (In house-S&H C001.11 & C001.10):

Our Ref:

15/A/0278

15/A/0279

Sample Markings

BAM

YARRA B

Silicon, as SiO2, %w/w:

48.6

52.5

Titanium, as TiO2, %w/w:

2.2

1.7

Aluminium, as Al2O3, %w/w:

13.8

14.9

Iron, as Fe2O3, %w/w:

12.3

11.1

Manganese, as Mn2O3, %w/w:

0.2

0.1

Magnesium, as MgO, %w/w:

9.0

7.0

Calcium, as CaO, %w/w:

8.9

9.4

Sodium, as Na2O, % w/w:

3.3

2.7

Potassium, as K2O, %w/w:

1.2

0.6

Phosphorus, as P2O5, %w/w:

0.4

0.2

Less than 0.1

Less than 0.1

Loss on Drying @105°, % w/w:

0.37

0.88

Loss on Ignition @105°-600°, % w/w:

0.21

0.40

Loss on Ignition @600°-925°, % w/w: