Sedimentary Rocks Most Sedimentary Rocks: Sediments are eroded from rocks, perhaps transported, deposited, then compacted and lithified (hardened and
Sedimentary Rocks Most Sedimentary Rocks: Sediments are eroded from rocks, perhaps transported, deposited, then compacted and lithified (hardened and ...
Sedimentary Rocks Most Sedimentary Rocks: Sediments are eroded from rocks, perhaps transported, deposited, then compacted and lithified (hardened and turned into a sedimentary rock).
A Sedimentary Rock is….. rock formed from the lithification or crystallization of: 1. Minerals in solution 2. Organic remains 3. Materials produced by living things (biochemical) 4. Clastic Sediments (rock fragments of all sizes) So Sedimentary Rocks form through compacting and cementing of sediments.
Lithification-to harden and form rock (Deposition, Compaction, Cementation)
Silica Crystals
Crystallization- Solidification of dissolved minerals from solution.
Sediment- Rock fragments, dissolved minerals and remains of living and nonliving parts of plants and animals.
Lithification: Step 1 - Deposition Deposition (to lay down) happens when: the Transport Agent no longer has the energy/force required to carry the Sediment
Determined by:
Size/Weight of Sediments Amount of Energy/Force in Transport Agent
Lithification: Step 2 - Compaction
Lithification: Step 3 - Cementation
Types of Sedimentary Rocks (Classified by formation) • Clastic-Made of fragments of other rocks. • Chemical-Made from dissolved minerals. • Biochemical-Made by living things, but was never alive (seashells). • Organic-Made of the organic remains of living things.
Clastic Sediments- Fragments of pre-existing rock.
Sediments from here
Alluvial Fan
Alluvial Sediments and braided stream
Gravel Bar
Tallus Pile
Glacial Sediment
Sand Bar
Chemical Sediments- Minerals in solution in water.
Biochemical Sediments- Nonliving remains of plants and animals.
Organic Sediments-remains of the living tissues of plants and animals.
Peat- Plant remains
Examples of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks • Clastic-Made of fragments of other rocks.
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Claystone
Conglomerate
Shale
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Names: Particle Size Sediment Gravel
Conglomerate
Sand
Sandstone
Silt
Siltstone
Clay
Shale
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Conglomerate and Breccia – have gravels and cobbles (Coarse-grained)
(Conglomerates have rounded clasts)
(Breccia has angular clasts)
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Sandstones – have sands (fine to coarse grained)
Arkose
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Siltstones – have silts (fine-grained)
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Mudstones – have clays (very fine-grained)
Sedimentary Rocks of Chemical Origin • Chemical-Made from dissolved minerals.
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Precipitation and Evaporation
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Evaporites
Halite Gypsum
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Evaporites
Salt Flats
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Carbonates The Carbonate Sedimenatary Rocks are composed of mostly Calcium Carbonate. The Carbonates are divided into:
Inorganic Carbonates (chemical sedimentary rocks) And Biochemical Carbonates (contains remains of living things)
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates
Travertine
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates
Travertine
Travertine Stalactites
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonate Travertine
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates
Inorganic Limestone
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates Biochemical-Made by living things, but was never alive (seashells).
Stromatolitic Limestone – (remains of photosynthetic process of algal blooms)
Biochemical Limestone – (shells)
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates
Biochemical Limestone
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates
Coquina
Chalk
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Silica-based Sedimentary Rocks Chert (Flint) Nodules
Geodes
Sedimentary Rocks of Organic Origin • Organic-Made of the organic remains of living things.
Organic Sedimentary Rock - Coal Peat
So Remember . . . Sediments Are Classified Based On: 1. Origin and Composition (What they are made of).
Clastic
Sediment Classification II Sediments Are Classified Based On:
2. Size of the sediment (clastic sediments range in size from clay to boulders)
Gravel
Pebbles
S a n d
Sediment Production Sediments are produced by: Weathering (breaking down) and Erosion (transport) of Parent material by: Chemical and Physical Processes.
Sediment Transport Wind Water Glaciers Gravity Volcanic Eruption
Shaping of Sediments
Sorting of Sediments Sediments are Sorted by their Transport Agents According to:
S I ze
of the Sediment
Sorting of Sediments Very Poorly Sorted
Very Well Sorted
Well or poorly sorted??
• Well or poorly sorted??
Well or poorly sorted??
Sorting of Sediments: Glaciers
Sedimentary Rock Structures
Fossils: Molds
Fossils: Casts
Trilobite
Sedimentary Rocks are identified by their horizontal layers called…….
