SECTION 02523 - CONCRETE SLABS, SIDEWALKS & RAMPS PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 Description A. Scope - This section includes sidewalks, ramps, and mass service area complete with concrete materials, concrete curing compounds, joint materials, field quality control and appurtenances. 1.02 Quality Assurance A. Reference Standards - Unless otherwise specified, the work for this Section shall conform to the applicable portions of the following Standard Specifications: ASTM - American Society of Testing and Materials AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials FDOT - Florida Department of Transportation - Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. FAC - Florida Accessibility Code ADAAG - Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines UFAS - Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards 1.03 Submittals A. Shop Drawings – The contractor shall provide shop drawings for all concrete mixes proposed for use on the project. In the event the concrete is colored, shop drawings for the color admixture (and any other required admixtures) shall be provided with the appropriate mix. B. Reports - Written permission for the use of all local disposal sites shall be obtained and copies shall be furnished to the ENGINEER. At the request of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall provide the ENGINEER with certification that the various materials to be used conform to the ASTM Standards referred in the Specification. C. Test Reports 1.

Thickness and Compressive Strength - The ENGINEER shall be provided with two (2) certified copies of the test results required under Section 3.04. A laboratory approved by the ENGINEER shall perform the test.

1.04 Job Conditions A. Environmental Requirements 1.

Temperature - Comply with the requirements for concrete installation as specified under Article 3.03.H. of this Section.

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B. Protection 1.

Protection Against Rain - Comply with the requirements for protecting new Work against damage from rain, as specified under Article 3.03.H. of this Section.

PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.01 Materials A. Concrete - Concrete shall be in accordance with FDOT, Section 345, Class I, 3,000-psi minimum 28-day strength. B. Ready-Mixed Concrete - Ready-mixed concrete shall conform to ASTM C94, Alternate 2. C. Water - Water to be used for mixing and curing concrete shall be reasonably clean and free from oil, salt, acid, alkali, chlorides, sugar, vegetable, or other substances injurious to the finished product. Waters from sources approved by the local Health Department as potable may be used without test. Water requiring testing shall be tested in accordance with the current Method of Test for Quality of Water to be Used in Concrete, AASHTO T26. D. Concrete Curing Compounds - White membrane curing compound for curing concrete shall conform to AASHTO M148, Type 1 clear, or Type 2 white per FDOT Section 925. E. Premolded Joint Filler - Fiber joint filler shall conform to ASTM D1751. Filler shall be of the thickness, as specified herein, or on the Plans. F. Steel Hook Bolts - Hook bolts shall conform the ASTM A706, or for Grade 60 of ASTM A615, A616, or A617. Hook bolts shall be 5/8-inch diameter, self-tapping. G. Joint Sealant - Hot-poured type joint sealant shall conform to ASTM D1190. H. Reinforcement – Welded wire fabric shall conform to ASTM A 497 (deformed) or ASTM A 185 (plain) and to the applicable requirements of DOT-SSRBC article 415-6. PART 3 EXECUTION 3.01 Contractor's Verification A. Excavation and Forming - Prior to the installation of any concrete, examine the excavation and forms for the proper grades, lines, and levels required to receive the new Work. The CONTRACTOR shall verify that all excavation and compacted subgrade are adequate to receive the concrete to be installed. Correct all defects and deficiencies before proceeding with the Work. B. Existing Improvements – The CONTRACTOR shall investigate and verify location of existing improvements to which the new Work is to be connected. The CONTRACTOR shall obtain ENGINEER’s approval prior to making any necessary adjustments in line and grade to align the new Work with the existing improvements.

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3.02 Preparation A. Forms - The forms shall be of wood or metal, straight and free from warp, clean, and sufficient strength to resist springing during the process of depositing concrete against them. The forms shall be the full depth of the concrete. 3.03 Installation A. Sidewalks and Sidewalk Ramps - All sidewalks and sidewalk ramps shall be six (6) inches thick. Sidewalks shall be six (6) feet wide unless otherwise noted on the Plans or as directed by the ENGINEER, and shall slope 1/4 inch per foot towards lake or as indicated on Plans B. Placement of Forms - Wood forms, straight and free from warp, of nominal depth may be used for sidewalk sections less than 25 feet in length. Forms shall be staked to line and grade in a manner that will prevent deflection and settlement. When unit slab areas are to be poured, slab division forms shall be so placed that the slab division joints will be straight and continuous. Forms shall be set for sidewalk ramps to provide a grade toward the parking area in accordance with current standards. The grade shall be uniform, except as may be necessary to eliminate short grade changes. Forms shall be oiled before placing concrete. Forms shall remain in place at least 12 hours after the concrete is placed. There shall be sufficient forms placed ahead of the pouring operations to maintain uninterrupted placement of concrete. The use of slip form pavers can be allowed when approved by the ENGINEER in lieu of the construction system described above. C. Joints - Transverse and longitudinal expansion and plane-of-weakness joints shall be constructed at the locations specified herein, or as indicated on the Plans. The transverse expansion joints shall be placed for the full width and depth of the new Work. The transverse expansion joints placed against any existing pavement shall be a minimum of six (6) inches deep but no less than the thickness of the concrete being placed. Longitudinal expansion joints shall conform to the same requirements as transverse expansion joints. Joints shall be constructed true to line with their faces perpendicular to the surface of the sidewalk. The top shall be slightly below the finished surface of the sidewalk. Transverse joints shall be constructed at right angles to the centerline of the sidewalk and longitudinal joints shall be constructed parallel to the centerline. Unless otherwise specified in the Plans or unless directed by the ENGINEER, when the sidewalk is constructed in partial width slabs, transverse joints in the succeeding slab shall be placed in line with like joints in the adjacent slab. Also in the case of widening existing sidewalks, transverse joints shall be placed in line with like joints in the existing sidewalk.

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Transverse expansion joints, ½-inch thick, shall be placed through the sidewalk at uniform intervals of not more than 50 feet and elsewhere as shown on the Plans, or as directed by the ENGINEER. Expansion joints, ½-inch thick, shall be so placed between the sidewalk and back of abutting parallel curb, buildings or other rigid structures, concrete driveways and driveway approaches. Plan-of-weakness joints shall be formed every five (5) feet and shall be produced by use of slab divisions forms extending to the full depth of the concrete or by cutting joints in the concrete (within 24 hours after floating) to a depth equal to 1/4 the thickness on the sidewalk. The cut joints shall not be less than 1/8 inch or more than 1/4 inch in width and shall be finished smooth and shall be at right angles to the centerline on the sidewalk. E. Placing and Finishing Concrete - All concrete shall be placed on a prepared smooth, leveled, rolled and properly compacted subgrade as indicated on the Plans. The surface of the subgrade shall be moist with no visible water present prior to placement of the concrete. The concrete shall be deposited, in a single layer, therein to the depth specified in the Plans or in the Proposal. The concrete shall be thoroughly spaded or vibrated and compacted to fill in all voids along the forms and joints. The concrete shall be struck off with a strike board until all voids are removed and the surface has the required grade and cross section as indicated on the Plans, or as directed by the ENGINEER. The surface of the concrete shall be floated just enough to produce a smooth surface free from irregularities. All edges and joints shall be rounded with an edger having a ¼-inch radius. The surface of sidewalks and ramps shall be broomed to slightly roughen the surface. The surface of the sidewalk ramps shall be textured with a coarse broom transversely to the ramp slope, and shall be coarser roughened than the remainder of the sidewalk. F. Curing - After finishing operations have been completed and immediately after the free water has left the surface, the surface of the concrete (and sides if slip-forming is used) shall be completely coated and sealed with a uniform layer of white membrane curing compound. The curing compound shall not be thinned. The curing compound shall be applied at the rate of one gallon per 200 square feet of surface. G. Barricades - Suitable barricades and lights shall be placed around all newly poured sidewalks, sidewalk ramps, driveways, driveway approaches and curb and gutter sections in order to protect the new Work from damage from pedestrians, vehicles and others until the concrete has hardened. Barricades shall be left in place for a minimum of two (2) days, except for driveway approaches and curb and gutter sections. Barricades shall remain in place for a minimum of three (3) days. Any concrete that suffers surface or structural damage shall be removed and replaced by the CONTRACTOR at his expense. H. Protection 1.

Against Rain - The CONTRACTOR shall adequately protect new concrete from the effects of rain before the concrete has sufficiently hardened. For this Work the

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CONTRACTOR shall have available on the job site at all times enough burlap or 6-mil thick polyurethane film to cover and protect one day's work. When rain appears eminent, all operations shall stop and personnel shall begin covering. As soon as the rain ceases, the concrete shall be uncovered and the surface burlap dragged where necessary. Curing compound shall be applied to any areas where the compound has been disturbed or washed away. 2.

I.

Concrete Temperature Limitations - Concrete shall not be placed when the temperature of the concrete at the point of placement is above 90 degrees F.

Cleanup - After the concrete has gained sufficient strength, but no sooner than within 12 hours, the fixed forms shall be removed and the spaces on both sides shall be immediately backfilled with sound earth of topsoil quality. The backfill shall be compacted, leveled and left in a neat, workmanlike condition.

3.04 Field Quality Control A. Concrete Delivery Ticket - A ticket system for recording the transportation of concrete from the batching plant to point of delivery. This ticket shall be issued to the truck operator at the point of loading and given to the ENGINEER upon delivery. B. Concrete Delivery Rejection - Concrete not permitted for inclusion in the Work by the ENGINEER shall be removed from the site. Rejection of concrete will be determined through Field Quality Control and elapsed time from mixer charging to delivery. C. Concrete Testing at Placement - Tests shall be made of each batch of concrete delivered, each 50 cubic yards, or whenever consistency appears to vary. The sampling and testing of slump, air content and strength will be performed at no additional cost to the OWNER. 1.

Sampling - Composite samples shall be secured in accordance with the Method of Sampling Fresh Concrete, ASTM C172.

2.

Slump Test - Test shall be in accordance with ASTM C143. The CONTRACTOR shall use the least slump possible consistent with workability for proper placing of the various classifications of concrete. Structural concrete for walls and slabs shall be placed, by means of vibratory equipment, with a slump of four (4) inches. A tolerance of up to 1-inch above the indicated maximum shall be allowed for individual batches provided the average for all batches or the most recent ten (10) batches tested, whichever is fewer, does not exceed the maximum limit.

3.

Air Content - Determine air content of normal weight concrete in accordance with Method of Test for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method, ASTM C23 1, or by the volumetric method, ASTM C 173, for each strength test.

4.

Compressive Strength - Make two (2) strength tests of three (3) samples each for each 50 cubic yards, or fraction thereof, of each mix design of concrete placed in any one (1) day. a. Handling Samples - Mold and cure three (3) specimens from each sample in accordance with Method of Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the

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Field, ASTM C31. Any deviations from the requirements of this Standard shall be recorded in the test report. b. Testing - Test specimens in accordance with Method of Test for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, ASTM C39. One (1) specimen shall be tested at seven (7) days for information and two (2) shall be tested at 28 days for acceptance. The acceptance test results shall be the average of the strengths of the two (2) specimens tested at 28 days. If one (1) specimen in a test manifests evidence of improper sampling, molding or testing, it shall be discarded and the strength of the remaining cylinder shall be considered the test result. Should both specimens in a test show any of the above defects, the entire test shall be discarded. c. Acceptance of Concrete - The strength level of the concrete will be considered satisfactory so long as the averages of all sets of three consecutive strength test results equal or exceed the specified 28-day strength and no individual strength test result falls below the specified 28-day strength by more than 500 psi. If the strength test is not acceptable, further testing shall be performed to qualify the concrete. d. Concrete Temperature - Determine the temperature of concrete sample for each strength test.

End of Section

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