SDR for Motor Vehicles

SDR for Motor Vehicles Dr. John Chapin Chief Scientist Chairman Vanu, Inc. The SDR Forum Geneva, 5-7 March 2008 Software Defined Radio (SDR) Hard...
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SDR for Motor Vehicles Dr. John Chapin Chief Scientist Chairman

Vanu, Inc. The SDR Forum

Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Hardware Radio

Software Radio

Separate devices for different functions Communications function fixed in hardware

One device for many functions Modify through software

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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Market status of SDR

Commercial Infrastructure

Satellite Modems

Mobile Handsets and Terminals

Military Radios

Source: SDR Forum and http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/NORVH/2-3.jpg The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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SDR Architecture data

Layer 3 and up

Signal Processing

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

Trans ceiver

RF

PA

Antenna

voice

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SDR Architecture data

Layer 3 and up

Signal Processing

Digital processor

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

Trans ceiver

RF head

RF

PA

Antenna

voice

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Terms for SDR capabilities

RF head

Antenna

Digital processor

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Waveform flexibility

Frequency agility

Device supports multiple communications standards

Device supports multiple transmission bands

Implemented by software in the digital processor

Implemented by tunable components in the RF head

Constrained by: RF head

Broadband antenna

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

Maturity of SDR Capabilties

o

Waveform flexibility • •

o

Mature, in wide commercial use Recent processors are fast enough to run WiMax and 3G LTE at low cost and low power

Frequency agility • • •

Not mature for commercial use Challenges: tunable filters and amplifiers broadband antennas Multiband radios today are actually multiple radios built into one package —

this is good enough for many applications

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Flexible Baseband Processor (SB3011) DSP Local Peripherals Ext. clks

10 – 50MHz REF REF1 REF2

TAP (JTAG Port)

General Purpose I/O

RF Control

TX Data RX Data

o Multiprotocol

• WCDMA • CDMA-2000 • TD-SCDMA

DSP Complex

Smart Card Interface

Ins & Data Mem Ins(64KB & Data Mem / Mem 64KB) Ins(64KB & Data / Mem 64KB) Ins(64KB & Data / 64KB) (32KB / DSP 64KB)

Prog. Timers/Gens

DSP DSP DSP

PSD PSD Interface PSD Interface PSD Interface Interface

Sync Serial Port Keyboard Interface

DSP Ù ARM Bridge TDM Interface

Memory Interface (Synchronous and Asynchronous)

o Quad Core DSP o ARM926 GPP o Hardware Accelerators The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

Multimedia Card Interface

Int. clks

L2 Mem L2 Mem L2 Mem (256KB) L2 Mem (256KB) (256KB) (256KB) EXT INT EXT INT EXT INT EXT INT

Timer I/O

...

Clock Generation Serial Interfaces (SPI, I2C)

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Multi Port Memory Controller

UART/ IrDA

Vector Interrupt Controller

Audio Codec Interface

ARM926EJ-S Processor (32K/32K)

General GeneralI/O Purpose Purpose I/O

LCD Interface Camera Interface Ehternet Interface

Real Time RealClock Time Clock

DMA Controller

USB OTG Interface

AHB Ù APB Bridge

Timers Timers (2) (2)

Peripheral Device Control

AHB

Power Mgmt

APB

Motivations for SDR in Vehicles

o

Life cycle mismatch •

o

Global requirements variation •

o

SDR devices are upgradable

SDR devices are specializable

Many radios in vehicle •

SDR devices are multimode

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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Motivation #1 for SDR in Vehicles

o

Life cycle mismatch • • •

o

Wireless standards change ~ 18months Vehicle design cycle ~36 months Vehicle lifetime ~120 months

SDR devices are upgradable • •

reduce risk over design cycle improve customer satisfaction over lifetime

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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Commercial status of upgradable SDR

o

Modal SDR • •

o

Limited to modes planned at design time Widely used in high-end mobile devices

Reconfigurable SDR • •

Can add unforseen communications standards Commercially deployed in infrastructure —

o

e.g. Vanu Anywave cellular base stations

Caveat: limited agility

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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Digital processor

RF head

Antenna

Reasons that many SDRs are modal

ASIC co-processors to accelerate complex tasks Data path designed for specific processing stages

Save cost and power by designing for waveform, eg: Bandwidth Peak-to-average power A/D sync to chip timing

Recent processors no longer need these specializations

Still important with current technology

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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Motivation #2 for SDR in Vehicles

o

Global requirements variation • •

o

Wireless standards vary by region Different hardware per region adds cost

SDR devices are specializable • • •

Single hardware unit Load SDR software at point in supply chain where vehicle’s destination is known Even at dealership (based on customer-purchased options)

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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Commercial status of specializable SDR o

Ready for vehicles •

Modal SDR is sufficient for this application



Must design band plan in advance due to limited frequency agility



Can easily achieve most of the potential benefits

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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Motivation #3 for SDR in Vehicles

o

Many radios in vehicle • •

o

Analog audio, digital audio, satellite, internet, tolls, keys, concierge, tracking, radar, ... Separate components for each adds cost

SDR benefit: multimode • • •

Single baseband processor for many radios Can be sized to run N of M waveforms simultaneously Antenna sharing reduces holes in vehicle

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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o

RF head

Waveform 1 in band A Waveform 2 in band B Waveform 3 in band B

Widely used in line-powered systems •

o

Antenna

Digital processor

RF head

Antenna

Commercial status of Multimode SDR

Satellite communications, broadcast, cellular infrastructure

Not widely used yet in mobiles •

No technical barrier for mobiles or vehicles

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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Digital processor o

RF head

Antenna

Key Recommendation for Automotive SDR

Select an open standard for “Digital IF” • Plug-and-play RF heads • Common software across family of radios • Evolve digital and analog components independently • Enable multimode / distributed architectures The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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Standards issues in Digital IF

o

Existing standards not appropriate • • •

o

Components of a standard • •

o

OBSAI, CPRI : for large-scale infrastructure DigRF : for tightly integrated handhelds Physical link must meet automotive reqts IF data, timing : relatively easy RF head config/control : challenging

Opportunity • •

SDR Forum is working on the config/control API Invitation to automotive industry to shape SDRF standards effort to meet your needs

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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Summary

o

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SDR is ready today for automotive use • • •

High waveform flexibility Limited frequency agility Key benefits: upgradeable, specializable, multimodal

Recommend selecting an open Digital IF standard for autos o SDR Forum is exploring ITS and automotive applications – please join us! o

o

Thank you for your attention The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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BACKUP SLIDES

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

Vanu, Inc.

o o

Founded in 1998, MIT spin-off Product / Market

• Anywave™: Cellular infrastructure for rural areas and emerging markets o Recognitions: • • • •

2007 IEEE Spectrum Magazine “Wireless Winner” 2005 GSM Association Technology Award for Most Innovative Infrastructure 2005 SDR Forum Industry Achievement Award 2004 World Economic Forum Technology Pioneer

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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The SDR Forum

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Promoting the success of next generation radio technologies

o

Focus • SDR and cognitive radio for all applications of wireless systems

o

Membership • Industry / government / academic • Approximately 100 members, worldwide

o

Activities • Advocacy, opportunity development, commercialization, and education The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008

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