SDR for Motor Vehicles Dr. John Chapin Chief Scientist Chairman
Vanu, Inc. The SDR Forum
Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
Software Defined Radio (SDR)
Hardware Radio
Software Radio
Separate devices for different functions Communications function fixed in hardware
One device for many functions Modify through software
The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
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Market status of SDR
Commercial Infrastructure
Satellite Modems
Mobile Handsets and Terminals
Military Radios
Source: SDR Forum and http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/NORVH/2-3.jpg The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
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SDR Architecture data
Layer 3 and up
Signal Processing
The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
Trans ceiver
RF
PA
Antenna
voice
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SDR Architecture data
Layer 3 and up
Signal Processing
Digital processor
The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
Trans ceiver
RF head
RF
PA
Antenna
voice
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Terms for SDR capabilities
RF head
Antenna
Digital processor
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Waveform flexibility
Frequency agility
Device supports multiple communications standards
Device supports multiple transmission bands
Implemented by software in the digital processor
Implemented by tunable components in the RF head
Constrained by: RF head
Broadband antenna
The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
Maturity of SDR Capabilties
o
Waveform flexibility • •
o
Mature, in wide commercial use Recent processors are fast enough to run WiMax and 3G LTE at low cost and low power
Frequency agility • • •
Not mature for commercial use Challenges: tunable filters and amplifiers broadband antennas Multiband radios today are actually multiple radios built into one package —
this is good enough for many applications
The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
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Flexible Baseband Processor (SB3011) DSP Local Peripherals Ext. clks
10 – 50MHz REF REF1 REF2
TAP (JTAG Port)
General Purpose I/O
RF Control
TX Data RX Data
o Multiprotocol
• WCDMA • CDMA-2000 • TD-SCDMA
DSP Complex
Smart Card Interface
Ins & Data Mem Ins(64KB & Data Mem / Mem 64KB) Ins(64KB & Data / Mem 64KB) Ins(64KB & Data / 64KB) (32KB / DSP 64KB)
Prog. Timers/Gens
DSP DSP DSP
PSD PSD Interface PSD Interface PSD Interface Interface
Sync Serial Port Keyboard Interface
DSP Ù ARM Bridge TDM Interface
Memory Interface (Synchronous and Asynchronous)
o Quad Core DSP o ARM926 GPP o Hardware Accelerators The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
Multimedia Card Interface
Int. clks
L2 Mem L2 Mem L2 Mem (256KB) L2 Mem (256KB) (256KB) (256KB) EXT INT EXT INT EXT INT EXT INT
Timer I/O
...
Clock Generation Serial Interfaces (SPI, I2C)
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Multi Port Memory Controller
UART/ IrDA
Vector Interrupt Controller
Audio Codec Interface
ARM926EJ-S Processor (32K/32K)
General GeneralI/O Purpose Purpose I/O
LCD Interface Camera Interface Ehternet Interface
Real Time RealClock Time Clock
DMA Controller
USB OTG Interface
AHB Ù APB Bridge
Timers Timers (2) (2)
Peripheral Device Control
AHB
Power Mgmt
APB
Motivations for SDR in Vehicles
o
Life cycle mismatch •
o
Global requirements variation •
o
SDR devices are upgradable
SDR devices are specializable
Many radios in vehicle •
SDR devices are multimode
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Motivation #1 for SDR in Vehicles
o
Life cycle mismatch • • •
o
Wireless standards change ~ 18months Vehicle design cycle ~36 months Vehicle lifetime ~120 months
SDR devices are upgradable • •
reduce risk over design cycle improve customer satisfaction over lifetime
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Commercial status of upgradable SDR
o
Modal SDR • •
o
Limited to modes planned at design time Widely used in high-end mobile devices
Reconfigurable SDR • •
Can add unforseen communications standards Commercially deployed in infrastructure —
o
e.g. Vanu Anywave cellular base stations
Caveat: limited agility
The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
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Digital processor
RF head
Antenna
Reasons that many SDRs are modal
ASIC co-processors to accelerate complex tasks Data path designed for specific processing stages
Save cost and power by designing for waveform, eg: Bandwidth Peak-to-average power A/D sync to chip timing
Recent processors no longer need these specializations
Still important with current technology
The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
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Motivation #2 for SDR in Vehicles
o
Global requirements variation • •
o
Wireless standards vary by region Different hardware per region adds cost
SDR devices are specializable • • •
Single hardware unit Load SDR software at point in supply chain where vehicle’s destination is known Even at dealership (based on customer-purchased options)
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Commercial status of specializable SDR o
Ready for vehicles •
Modal SDR is sufficient for this application
•
Must design band plan in advance due to limited frequency agility
•
Can easily achieve most of the potential benefits
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Motivation #3 for SDR in Vehicles
o
Many radios in vehicle • •
o
Analog audio, digital audio, satellite, internet, tolls, keys, concierge, tracking, radar, ... Separate components for each adds cost
SDR benefit: multimode • • •
Single baseband processor for many radios Can be sized to run N of M waveforms simultaneously Antenna sharing reduces holes in vehicle
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o
RF head
Waveform 1 in band A Waveform 2 in band B Waveform 3 in band B
Widely used in line-powered systems •
o
Antenna
Digital processor
RF head
Antenna
Commercial status of Multimode SDR
Satellite communications, broadcast, cellular infrastructure
Not widely used yet in mobiles •
No technical barrier for mobiles or vehicles
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Digital processor o
RF head
Antenna
Key Recommendation for Automotive SDR
Select an open standard for “Digital IF” • Plug-and-play RF heads • Common software across family of radios • Evolve digital and analog components independently • Enable multimode / distributed architectures The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
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Standards issues in Digital IF
o
Existing standards not appropriate • • •
o
Components of a standard • •
o
OBSAI, CPRI : for large-scale infrastructure DigRF : for tightly integrated handhelds Physical link must meet automotive reqts IF data, timing : relatively easy RF head config/control : challenging
Opportunity • •
SDR Forum is working on the config/control API Invitation to automotive industry to shape SDRF standards effort to meet your needs
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Summary
o
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SDR is ready today for automotive use • • •
High waveform flexibility Limited frequency agility Key benefits: upgradeable, specializable, multimodal
Recommend selecting an open Digital IF standard for autos o SDR Forum is exploring ITS and automotive applications – please join us! o
o
Thank you for your attention The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
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BACKUP SLIDES
The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008
Vanu, Inc.
o o
Founded in 1998, MIT spin-off Product / Market
• Anywave™: Cellular infrastructure for rural areas and emerging markets o Recognitions: • • • •
2007 IEEE Spectrum Magazine “Wireless Winner” 2005 GSM Association Technology Award for Most Innovative Infrastructure 2005 SDR Forum Industry Achievement Award 2004 World Economic Forum Technology Pioneer
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The SDR Forum
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Promoting the success of next generation radio technologies
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Focus • SDR and cognitive radio for all applications of wireless systems
o
Membership • Industry / government / academic • Approximately 100 members, worldwide
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Activities • Advocacy, opportunity development, commercialization, and education The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 5-7 March 2008