®

september 1, 2014

TEACHER’S GUIDE

Vol. 71, No. 1 ISSN 1041-1410

ISSUE DATES

9/1

9/15

Supplement to Science World

10/6 10/27 11/17

SCIENCE WORLD IS HERE TO HELP

12/8

1/12

2/2

3/2

3/23 4/13

5/4

Feature video: deep-sea suit

www.scholastic.com/scienceworld

The envelope you just opened contains a proven formula that gets students engaged and excited about science. Science World magazine links real-world science news and vivid photography with classroom topics and skills like no other resource. But with a subscription, you’ll receive a lot more than just a magazine—you get a complete program, with full lessons you can use right away without having to do any additional work. Along with in-depth lesson plans (found in this Teacher’s Guide), you get access to a rich multimedia experience. Go online to www.scholastic.com /scienceworld for an interactive and whiteboard-ready digital issue, including videos, a science trivia game, and more than 16 additional skills sheets that cover all major science areas. We would love to hear your questions and comments! —The Editors E-mail [email protected] to get in touch. 

Features

NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS

common core state standards

ONLINE MATERIALS

www.scholastic.com /scienceworld

Grades 5-8: Earth in the solar system Grades 9-12: Origin and evolution of the universe

ESS1.A: The universe and its stars

Reading Informational Text: 5. Analyze the structure of texts, including how larger portions of the text relate to each other and the whole.

•G  ravitational-waves video  riting activity •W •R  eading passages •D  iagram activity

Grades 5-8: Science and technology in society Grades 9-12: Science and technology in local, national, and global challenges

ESS3.C: Human impacts on Earth systems

Writing Standards: 1. Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics, using relevant and sufficient evidence.

• Drones video • Mapping activity • Writing activity • Reading passages

deep-sea suit, p. 18 Lexile 1200

Grades 5-8: Abilities of technological design Grades 9-12: Abilities of technological design

ETS1.A: Defining and delimiting an engineering problem

Reading Informational Text: 1. Cite specific textual evidence when writing to support conclusions drawn from the text.

• Exosuit video •R  eading passages •W  riting activity

super sniffers, p. 20 Lexile 1130

Grades 5-8: Structure and function in living systems Grades 9-12: Behavior of organisms

LS1.A: Structure and function

Literacy in Science: 8. Distinguish among facts, reasoned judgment, and speculation in a text.

• Dog sense of smell video • Reading passages • Hands-on activity

WHEN THE UNIVERSE WENT BANG!, p. 8 Lexile 1040 drones TAKE OFF, p. 14 Lexile 1170

SW-Fall2014-PromoTE

national science education standards

Teacher to Teacher Tips for using Science World in the classroom

Maureen Van Ackooy

Maureen Van Ackooy, a science teacher at Union Vale Middle School in Lagrangeville, New York, says: As you know, some states have adopted the Common Core State Standards and others haven’t. Either way, Science World is an indispensable tool. With the current push for more nonfiction exposure, it fits the bill. Plus the text is Lexiled to meet the

needs of all readers. The skills sheets supplement the articles in all science areas, are high interest, and are the perfect length for a homework assignment or a small-group activity. The graphs, diagrams, and charts lend themselves to mini lessons on text features, and you can teach math skills with their real-world data.

Visit Science World at www.SCHOLASTIC.COM/SCIENCEWORLD for more resources.

LESSON LESSONPLANS PLANS PAGE 8

Lexile 1040

WHEN THE UNIVERSE WENT BANG!

DISCUSSION Read the “Core Question” box on p. 12 and discuss. Why is it important for scientists to check each other’s results?

ASSESSMENT PACKAGE

Assessments are tailored to different science disciplines and the Common Core State Standards. You can find this entire assessment package by going online to www.scholastic.com/scienceworld and entering the digital edition. Simply click on the skills sheets button found on page 8.

EARTH SCIENCE/COMMON CORE: ANALYZING TEXTS KNOW YOUR TEXT FEATURES

standards NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION StandardS: Grades 5-8: Earth in the solar system Grades 9-12: Origin and evolution of the universe NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS: ESS1.A: The universe and its stars Common Core State StandardS: Reading Informational Text: 5. Analyze the structure of texts, including how larger portions of the text relate to each other and the whole.

Have students use this graphic organizer to identify and analyze the different nonfiction text features—like headlines and sidebars—in the article.

PHYSICS: DIAGRAM READING ENERGY WAVES Scientists are studying energy waves to learn about the big bang. Use this skills sheet to teach students about the characteristics of waves and the electromagnetic spectrum.

OBJECTIVE Learn how scientists may have recently found evidence that supports the big bang theory of how the universe was born.

LESSON

1. Turn to page 8 in the magazine. Topics like the big bang may seem daunting for some students, so read the article aloud as a class. As you read, search for answers to the following questions. What is the big bang? (The birth of the universe.) What is inflation? (The rapid growth of the young universe.) 2. Try this demonstration to help explain inflation. You’ll need: a balloon, a marker, and a flexible ruler (such as a fabric one for sewing). Show the class the uninflated balloon: Note how it has wrinkles and imperfections. Inflate the balloon to 4 inches in diameter. Pinch the end closed without tying it off. Point out how inflation evened out many wrinkles and imperfections. 3. Have a student draw four dots on the inflated balloon and label them A-D (with A closest to you). Have another student measure the distances between A and the other points. 4. Blow up the balloon until its diameter is roughly 2 inches

larger. Repeat the measurements. Finally, repeat this step.

5. How is the balloon like the universe? (It is undergoing inflation.) Assume the points represent galaxies. What happens to their positions during inflation? (They move apart.)

BIOLOGY: READING COMPREHENSION A SWEET DISCOVERY Have students read this passage to learn about another recent discovery in distant space: lifebuilding sugar molecules.

EARTH SCIENCE: READING COMPREHENSION GATHERING DUST Use this reading passage to introduce students to the processes that formed our solar system 4.5 billion years ago.

resources • VIDEO EXTRA: Watch a video about the big bang at www.scholastic.com/scienceworld. • NEWS UPDATES ON THE BIG BANG: Get the latest on BICEP2’s results: www.scholastic.com/scienceworld • Find different lesson plans and activities related to the universe at this NASA site: cosmictimes.gsfc.nasa.gov/teachers /curriculum/lessons.html

digital issue key: show all pages

T2

l

home

mask tool

Science World TEACHER’S GUIDE

l

text highlighter

september 1, 2014

drawing tool

game

pop-up

video player

WWW.SCHOLASTIC.COM/SCIENCEWORLD

LESSON PLANS PAGE 14

DRONES take off

Lexile 1170

DISCUSSION Many scientists and officials do not like the word drone. They would prefer that people refer to the machines as unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs. Ask students: Does the word drone have a negative connotation? Why or why not?

ASSESSMENT PACKAGE

Assessments are tailored to different science disciplines and the Common Core State Standards. You can find this entire assessment package by going online to www.scholastic.com/scienceworld and entering the digital edition. Simply click on the skills sheets button found on page 14.

standards NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION StandardS: Grades 5-8: Science and technology in society Grades 9-12: Science and technology in local, national, and global challenges NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS: ESS3.C: Human impacts on Earth systems Common Core State StandardS: Writing Standards: 1. Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics, using relevant and sufficient evidence.

OBJECTIVE

physics/common core: critical thinking WHAT’S YOUR OPINION? Students will gather evidence from the article to write a persuasive essay about whether or not drones are a good idea.

biology: map reading tracking ivory Drones may help in the fight against poaching. Students will learn about elephant poaching and hone their map-reading skills with this activity.

Learn about current and future uses for drones as well as arguments for and against the unmanned flying vehicles.

LESSON

1. Turn to page 14 in the digital edition of the magazine at

www.scholastic.com/scienceworld and have students do the same in their magazines. Ask the class what they know about drones. (They are unmanned flying vehicles; they are used in wars; Amazon has announced plans to use them to deliver packages in the future, etc.) What are some pros and cons of drones? (They keep soldiers safe; they can be misused; they could be used to invade people’s privacy, etc.) Take a pre-reading poll of the class to determine how many students think drones are a good idea.

2. Hand out the “What’s Your Opinion?” skills sheet from the online database at www.scholastic.com/scienceworld.

3. Ask students to read the article independently. As they

read, have them fill out the first section of the skills sheet.

chemistry: reading comprehension clearing the air Have students read this passage to learn how drones are being used to fight air pollution in China.

earth science: reading comprehension bird’s eye view Students will develop their readingcomprehension skills and learn how drones are helping scientists study volcanoes.

resources

5. Have students complete the persuasive essay on drones as a homework assignment.

• VIDEO EXTRA: Watch a video about drones at www.scholastic.com/scienceworld. • Learn about how the Orangutan Conservancy uses drones to monitor wildlife: www.orangutan.com/projects /conservation-drone-project/ • Learn about different camera-carrying drones at: www.livescience.com/43303-cool-camera -carrying-drones.html

WWW.SCHOLASTIC.COM/SCIENCEWORLD

Science World TEACHER’S GUIDE

4. When everyone has finished, discuss the pros and cons of drones. Re-poll the class to see if opinions have changed about whether or not drones are a good idea.

l

september 1, 2014

l

T3

LESSON LESSONPLANS PLANS PAGE 18

deep-sea suit

Lexile 1200

5. As a class, discuss which features of the suit allow scientists to explore the oceans in ways they couldn’t before.

DISCUSSION As a class, brainstorm other scenarios in which a sturdy, flexible suit is useful or critical (for instance, space exploration; getting close to volcanoes).

ASSESSMENT PACKAGE

Assessments are tailored to different science disciplines and the Common Core State Standards. You can find this entire assessment package by going online to www.scholastic.com/scienceworld and entering the digital edition. Simply click on the skills sheets button found on page 19.

earth science/common core: critical thinking suit solutions Students will learn about the engineering design process by analyzing the features of the deepsea suit.

standards NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION StandardS: Grades 5-8: Abilities of technological design Grades 9-12: Abilities of technological design NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS: ETS1.A: Defining and delimiting an engineering problem Common Core State StandardS: Reading Informational Text: 1. Cite specific textual evidence when writing to support conclusions drawn from the text.

biology: READING COMPREHENSION UNDER pressure Have students read this passage to learn how water pressure can cause decompression sickness in divers.

OBJECTIVE Learn how engineers designed a new personal diving suit that scientists will use to explore the ocean depths.

LESSON

physics: READING COMPREHENSION SUNKEN SUBMERSIBLE

1. Before reading, ask students the following questions and

Have students read this passage to learn how the massive pressure in the ocean depths caused an $8 million submersible to implode.

write their answers on the classroom board: What are some different ways scientists study the underwater world? (scuba dive; take submersibles to go deeper in the water, etc.)

2. Go to page 18 in the magazine. Ask a volunteer to read the headline and text immediately beneath it. Ask what the word revolutionize means (drastically change).

chemistry: READING COMPREHENSION metallic materials Use this reading-comprehension activity to introduce students to how metallic elements are combined to make alloys like the one used to build the Exosuit.

3. Read the article as a class, including the captions pointing

out the suit’s features. What features of the suit might be revolutionary?

4. Hand out the “Suit Solutions” skills sheet from the online database at www.scholastic .com/scienceworld. Have students complete the work sheet.

resources • VIDEO EXTRA: Watch a video about the Exosuit at www.scholastic.com/scienceworld. • Check out this page for more information about the exosuit: www.amnh.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/the-exosuit

digital issue key: show all pages

T4

l

home

mask tool

Science World TEACHER’S GUIDE

l

text highlighter

september 1, 2014

drawing tool

game

pop-up

video player

WWW.SCHOLASTIC.COM/SCIENCEWORLD

LESSON PLANS PAGE 20

super sniffers

Lexile 1130

their way home and were used to carry messages; dogs are territorial and are used to guard property; some animals are strong and carry heavy loads; etc.)

ASSESSMENT PACKAGE

Assessments are tailored to different science disciplines and the Common Core State Standards. You can find this entire assessment package by going online to www.scholastic.com/scienceworld and entering the digital edition. Simply click on the skills sheets button found on page 20.

standards NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION StandardS: Grades 5-8: Structure and function in living systems Grades 9-12: Behavior of organisms NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS: LS1.A: Structure and function Common Core State StandardS: Literacy in Science: 8. Distinguish among facts, reasoned judgment, and speculation in a text.

OBJECTIVE

BIOLOGY/COMMON CORE: CRITICAL THINKING IS THAT A FACT? Have students use this skills sheet to analyze statements related to the article and determine if they are facts or opinions.

PHYSICS: reading comprehension A PICTURE OF HEALTH Students will learn about the medical imaging techniques currently used to detect cancer with this reading-comprehension activity.

Learn how dogs’ amazing sense of smell is being used to find new ways to detect cancer.

LESSON

1. Turn to page 20 in the digital edition at www.scholastic

.com/scienceworld and have students do the same in their magazines.

CHEMISTRY: HANDS-ON SMELL TEST Have students try this fun hands-on to see how well their sense of smell stacks up!

2. Read the headline and subhead aloud. Ask students to predict what the article will be about. How do they think dogs could detect cancer? 3. Separate students into groups of 2 or 3. Ask them to

quickly look over the subheadings, photos, and diagram. Based on what they see, ask the groups to write 5 questions about the topic. Then have them read the article in their groups. They should record any answers they find in the text.

EARTH SCIENCE: reading comprehension TO THE RESCUE Use this reading passage about the work of search-and-rescue dogs after a major U.S. tornado to encourage critical reading.

4. Reconvene as a class and discuss their reactions to the article. Were they surprised to learn that dogs could smell cancer? Do they think there will be a cancer smell test in the future? 5. Discuss the questions and answers from each group. Ask students to read aloud any questions they had that weren’t answered in the text. Discuss whether they can predict the answers based on what they learned in the text.

resources

What are some other ways humans have made use of the skills of animals throughout history? (homing pigeons find

• VIDEO EXTRA: Watch a video about a dog’s sense of smell at www.scholastic.com/scienceworld. • Learn more about the olfactory system and try an activity to find out how the sense of smell can become fatigued: faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chems.html • Check out this site to learn about an organization working to create canine smell tests for cancer: www.dogsdetectcancer.org

WWW.SCHOLASTIC.COM/SCIENCEWORLD

Science World TEACHER’S GUIDE

6. Have students do research to find answers to the leftover questions. How do the answers match up to their predictions?

DISCUSSION

l

september 1, 2014

l

T5

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Name:

®

WHEN THE UNIVERSE WENT BANG! Page 8

DIRECTIONS: Match the term or phrase in the left column with its definition or description in the right column. _____ 1. big bang

a. a rapid growth spurt in the universe

_____ 2. quarks

b. a structure that may contain many universes

_____ 3. inflation

c. particles that, together with neutrons, form the nucleus of atoms

_____ 4. gravitational waves

d. ripples in the fabric of space

_____ 5. multiverse

e. particles that bind together to form neutrons and protons

_____ 6. cosmic microwave background

f. a book about the birth of the universe

_____ 7. BICEP2

g. the event in which the universe was born

_____ 8. protons

h. the first light to travel across the universe

_____ 9. The First Three Minutes

i. particles that orbit an atom’s nucleus

_____ 10. electrons

j. a sensitive telescope used to study deep space

DRONES take off,

Page 14 DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences. 1. A drone is an ________________ aerial vehicle. 2. Today, drones make up nearly one in _____________ military aircraft. 3. The MQ-9 Reaper drone can carry ______-pounds of weaponry. 4. The military built the first drones for military pilots to use as _____________ ______________. 5. Many Hollywood filmmakers are now using drones instead of ____________________ to capture tricky shots. 6. Currently, many farmers purchase ______________ photographs to monitor their extensive farmland. 7. Barometers onboard drones measure __________________ __________________.

9. The Federal Aviation Administration is debating ____________ and ____________ issues surrounding drones. 10. Amazon has said it will begin a drone delivery service called Prime Air as early as _________. Permission granted by Science World to reproduce for classroom use only. ©2014 by Scholastic Inc.

T6

l

Science World TEACHER’S GUIDE

l

september 1, 2014

WWW.SCHOLASTIC.COM/SCIENCEWORLD

Answers on T8

8. Scientists are planning a project to monitor the _____________ _____________ of black bears to see if drones stress the animals.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Name:

®

DEEP-SEA SUIT, Page 18

DIRECTIONS: Read each statement and decide whether it is true (T) or false (F). Write your response in the space provided. 1. _____ Divers can use the Exosuit to reach depths of up to 1,000 meters. 2. _____ Divers in the Exosuit have enough oxygen to stay underwater for 50 hours. 3. _____ The pressure inside the Exosuit remains the same as the water pressure surrounding it. 4. _____ The Exosuit is extremely lightweight so divers can move freely underwater. 5. _____ Divers use foot pedals to steer the Exosuit.

SUPER SNIFFERS,

Page 20 DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. According to Otto, what are the best characteristics for a search-and-rescue dog? _____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe how a dog’s olfactory system works. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How do doctors usually detect ovarian cancer today? ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Explain the process Preti uses to try to collect the odor signature from ovarian cancer. _________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Answers on T8

__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. How will Preti know when he has collected the molecules that match the cancer scent? ________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Permission granted by Science World to reproduce for classroom use only. ©2014 by Scholastic Inc.

WWW.SCHOLASTIC.COM/SCIENCEWORLD

Science World TEACHER’S GUIDE

l

SEPTEMBER 1, 2014

l

T7

ANSWERS ENTERTAIN YOUR BRAIN, p. 24 Mystery Photo: Rubber bands Caption This Photo: Soccer without feet? Serengeti Park, a zoo in Hodenhagen, Germany, allows its rhinoceroses to play soccer by “kicking” the ball with their horns. Rhinos are mammals known for their large body size, thick protective skin, and characteristic large horn. Unfortunately, poachers often kill rhinos for their horns, which are made of keratin—the same protein that your hair and fingernails are made of. The horns are used for traditional medicines in countries like China and Vietnam. Sci-Triv Game Science News

Engineering

Early Universe

Dogs’ Senses

10 points

C

FALSE

C

TRUE

20 points

FALSE

C

FALSE

B

30 points

A

TRUE

A

FALSE

40 points

TRUE

B

TRUE

C

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING, T6-T7 WHEN THE UNIVERSE WENT BANG! 1. g 2. e 3. a 4. d 5. b 6. h 7. j

8. c

9. f

DEEP-SEA SUIT 1. F 2. T 3. F

4. F

5. T

SUPER SNIFFERS 1. According to Otto, an athletic, outgoing dog is often best for a searchand-rescue animal. 2. Odor molecules enter through the dog’s nostrils and travel to a membrane in the dog’s nose. There, they bind to scent-receptor cells, which send electrical signals to the dog’s brain. The brain interprets the odor. 3. Today, ovarian cancer is normally detected using imaging equipment to find tumors. 4. Preti heats up blood samples to cause odor molecules in the sample to evaporate. Then he collects and identifies the molecules hovering in the air above the sample. 5. Preti will know he has collected cancer odor molecules when the working dogs can’t tell the difference between a cancer sample and a fake.

10. i

DRONES TAKE OFF 1. unmanned 2. three 3. 3,000 4. target practice 5. helicopters 6. satellite 7. atmospheric pressure 8. heart rates 9. privacy; safety 10. 2015

How Can we Help You MEET the Common Core Standards? Fifty percent of reading must be nonfiction texts.

Between short news articles and featurelength stories, the magazine provides nonfiction texts that are perfect for all readers.

Students will write logical arguments based on substantive claims, sound reasoning, and relevant evidence.

Our higher-order-thinking skills sheets challenge students to go beyond the articles and practice their writing skills.

Vocabulary and conventions extend across reading, writing, speaking, and listening.

The Teacher’s Guide provides lessons that challenge students to read and understand scientific vocabulary and concepts.

Integrate 21st-century skills related to media use.

Our digital issues, background videos, and online skills sheets help students assimilate information from a variety of sources so they can thrive in our increasingly digital world.

H

C

R E

C

T8

l

Science World TEACHER’S GUIDE

l

SEPTEMBER 1, 2014

OLAS TI

POSTAL INFORMATION: SCIENCE WORLD (ISSN 1041-1410; in Canada, 2-c no. 55948) is published 12 times during the school year; biweekly September, October, March; monthly November, December, January, February, April, May; by Scholastic Inc., 2931 East McCarty St., P.O. Box 3710, Jefferson City, MO 65102-3710. Periodical postage paid at Jefferson City, MO 65102 and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTERS: Send notice of address changes to SCIENCE WORLD, 2931 East McCarty St., P.O. Box 3710, Jefferson City, MO 65102-3710.

SC

Check out the chart to see how we’ll help you meet the Common Core State Standards this year.

How we’ll Help

S

Common Core Key Point

E

Did your state adopt the Common Core State Standards? Have no fear, Science World is here to help. Both the print magazine and supporting online materials meet the National Science Education Standards, the Next Generation Science Standards, and the Common Core State Standards!

Y C L

CONTAINS A MINIMUM OF 10% POSTCONSUMER FIBER