Science Unit Study. Tina Griep. Human Body Part One

The Human Body Part One Science Unit Study Tina Griep ©2008 New Learning Publishing 1 Human Body Part One Author: Tina Griep Understanding Scie...
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The Human Body Part One Science Unit Study

Tina Griep

©2008 New Learning Publishing

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Human Body Part One

Author: Tina Griep

Understanding Science Series

The Human Body Part One Copyright © 2008 New Learning Publishing All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act, no portion of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher other than is necessary for classroom use. Printed in the United States of America

PRODUCT #: NLP9744

©2008 New Learning Publishing

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Abstract The following unit was developed to discover the uniqueness of the Human Body. Upon completion of this unit students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the human body and its systems. The contents of this unit cover National Science Standards researched and located at http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/html/6d.html. It covers the following areas: Levels 5-8 CONTENT STANDARD A1: SCIENCE AS INQUIRY and CONTENT STANDARD C: LIFE SCIENCE. Each section devoted on a specific area of the human body and its systems and is followed by a quiz on material covered. Each quiz is developed with the section reading in mind in order to gauge student’s reading comprehension. Student learning enhancement is brought to this unit through the use of crossword puzzles to build vocabulary skills, word searches, hands on experiments, poster project (that can be used with any of the cells, tissues, or bodily systems), research-writing projects, and technology interaction. Technology plays an important part in this unit through the use of Website links to further student comprehension. (Please be advised that if your computer programs display misspelled or incorrectly spelled words the reason for this is because of scientific terminology or the spelling of foreign names.)

Table of Contents Subject Abstract and Table of contents The Amazing Human Body – The cell Quiz # 1 Build your own Animal Cell Build your own Animal Cell Grading Rubric Skeletal System – Skeletal Joints Quiz #2 Skeletal Disease Writing Assignment Muscular System and Tissues Understanding Skeletal and Muscular Relationships Can you tell me the taste? Quiz #3 Muscular Disease Writing Assignment Human Body Vocabulary Animal Cell/Muscular System Vocabulary Builder Animal Cell/Muscular System Vocabulary Builder Animal Cell/Muscular System Clues Human Body Word Search Animal Cell/Muscular System Website and References Answer Keys Internet Usage Log Writing Assignment Grading Rubric

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Page Number 3 4 –5 6 7 8 9 – 13 14 – 15 16 17 – 21 22 23 – 24 25 – 26 27 28 29 30 – 31 32 33 34 – 37 38 39

Human Body Part One

The human body is a masterful machine and considered one of the most complex organisms on the Earth. Each individual body is composed of billions of microscopic parts that work together. Each part works independently to benefit the overall being of the body. The body is composed of four different units: Cells, Tissues, Organs and Systems. To begin to understand the body we must first understand the smallest component the cell. Each human begins as a single cell that divides over time to develop into a complete person. Each cell is able to replicate itself and is alive. Below is a labeled diagram of an animal cell.

This is a basic cell; each part of the human body has specific cells that make up that organs, bones, muscles, and brain.

Liver Cells

Bone Cells

Heart Cells

Brain Cells

Every one of these cells can be reproduce and every dark spot that you see in these pictures is the nucleus of an individual cell. ©2008 New Learning Publishing

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Cell parts and functions: Within the cell there are many different parts, these different parts are termed organelles (tiny organs). The Cell Membrane separates the cell from its surroundings, protects the cell from changes in the physical and chemical environment, and determines what comes in and out of the cell, just like the doors and windows of our homes determine what comes in and out of our house. The Cytoplasm (Cytosol) of the cell is the jelly like material in which all other parts of the cell can be found, this is similar to the gooey stuff in pies that surround the fruit. The Nucleus of the cell is the brain and considered the most important part. The Nucleolus a small round body inside of the nucleus of a cell and is composed of protein and RNA that are associated with the formation of ribosomes. Ribosomes are the structure that uses genetic instructions to link amino acids into chain formations known as proteins. The Nuclear Envelop is a double-sided membrane that surrounds the Nucleus and Nucleolus. The Mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell and is responsible for converting nutrients into energy, just like the power plant that supplies your house with electricity. Cells that have high-energy demands, such as a muscle cell, have more mitochondria. The shape of mitochondria is very similar to a kidney bean. Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of tubes that process, manufacture, and transport materials. The Endoplasmic can either be smooth or rough, if it is rough it has ribosomes attached to it, if it is smooth there are no ribosomes attached. The Golgi body is a network of stacked sacs found within the cell that stores, packages, and distributes the proteins and lipids that are made in the endoplasmic reticulum. Centrioles are two-part dowel shaped structures that are located in pairs near the nucleus and they play an important part during cell reproduction. The Vacuoles this organelle aids in intercellular digestion and waste removal, in other words this is the garbage can of the cell. Lysosomes are basically a part of the cell that recycles molecule; really this is the garbage disposal of the cell. The Cytoskeleton provides the framework of the cell just like the skeleton provides our frame. Here is an excellent interactive site to assist students understand the cell http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm.

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Name:_______________________________________

Quiz #1

1. What are organelles? ____________________________________________________ 2. Complete the following chart: Cell Membrane Golgi Body

Cytoplasm Centrioles

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Word Bank Cytoskeleton Nucleus Ribosome

Nucleolus

Lysosomes Vacuole

Nuclear Envelop

1.

The brain and considered the most important part. The structure that uses genetic instructions to link amino acids into chain formations known as proteins. Separates the cell from its surroundings, protects the cell from changes in the physical and chemical environment. A network of tubes that process, manufacture, and transport materials. Aids in intercellular digestion and waste removal. Double-sided membrane that surrounds the Nucleus and Nucleolus. Two-part dowel shaped structures that are located in pairs near the nucleus. Small round body inside of the nucleus of a cell and is composed of protein and RNA. Jelly like material in which all other parts of the cell can be found. A network of stacked sacs found within the cell that stores, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids. Basically a part of the cell that recycles molecule. The powerhouse of the cell and is responsible for converting nutrients into energy. Provides the framework of the cell.

2.

3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13.

©2008 New Learning Publishing

Mitochondrion

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Build your own Animal Cell Begin with researching the parts of the cell (listed on page 5), by knowing the parts you will be able to choose appropriate material and sizes for your model. MATERIALS: A clear plastic bag (preferably one that does not have a zip closure) A twist tie Jell-O (flavored or plain) For organelles you can use canned or fresh fruit, hard candies, beans, or seeds – if you are planning to eat the cell afterwards fruits or candies are recommended. Large mixing bowls and spoons

Procedures: 1. Put plastic sack in a container so that the plastic sack completely lines the container and the extra sits outside the container. 2. Make Jell-O according to package instructions. Fill the plastic bag with Jell-O so that the container will be close to full. 3. Then fruits, beans, and/or seeds to represent the required cell organelles should be put into the gelatin: for example a plum to represent nuclei, mandarin oranges to represent mitochondria, (Remember that fresh food will spoil.) The plastic sacks represent cell membrane. 4. The "cell" should then be closed using twist ties and refrigerated to set (several hours or until next day). And remove the cell from the bag. Animal cells do not have a set structure! 5. Once the cell is removed from the plastic bag – eat and enjoy!!!!!

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Build your own Animal Cell Grading Rubric Name:________________________________________________ CATEGORY

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Information Gathering

Accurate information taken from several sources in a systematic manner.

Accurate information taken from a couple of sources in a systematic manner.

Accurate information taken from a couple of sources but not systematically.

Information taken from only one source and/or information not accurate.

Construction Materials

Appropriate materials were selected and creatively modified in ways that made them even better.

Appropriate Appropriate materials were materials were selected and there selected. was an attempt at creative modification to make them even better.

Inappropriate materials were selected and contributed to a product that performed poorly.

Construction Care Taken

Great care taken in construction process so that the structure is neat, attractive and follows plans accurately.

Construction was careful and accurate for the most part, but 1-2 details could have been refined for a more attractive product.

Construction accurately followed the plans, but 3-4 details could have been refined for a more attractive product.

Construction appears careless or hap hazard. Many details need refinement for a strong or attractive product.

Scientific Knowledge

Explanations by all group members indicate a clear and accurate understanding of scientific principles underlying the construction and modifications.

Explanations by all group members indicate a relatively accurate understanding of scientific principles underlying the construction and modifications.

Explanations by most group members indicate relatively accurate understanding of scientific principles underlying the construction and modifications.

Explanations by several members of the group do not illustrate much understanding of scientific principles underlying the construction and modifications.

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Skeletal System

The Skeletal System amazing facts:  The largest bone is the pelvis, or hip bone, and it is comprised of six bones joined firmly together.  The longest bone is the 'femur', in the thigh and it is responsible for one quarter of your body’s total height.  After death, cartilage rots faster than bone and that is why there are no ears or nose on the skull of a skeleton.  Bone also needs vitamin D to move calcium from the intestine to the bloodstream and into bone.  From the time you're 11 until you're 24, you need about 1,300 milligrams (mg) of calcium each day to ensure healthy bones and bone growth. That means at least 4.5 serving of milk, cheese or yogurt daily. Adolescent bodies have a higher capacity to absorb and retain calcium, making them especially efficient at bone building.  The smallest bone is the 'stirrup', deep in the ear and its size is the same as a grain of rice. The ears and end of the nose do not have bones inside them they contain cartilage. This is why the nose and ears can be bent. The entire skeletal system contains a total of 206 individual bones that form a firm framework that softer tissues and organs are attached. The skeleton system provides protection for the brain with the skull and the internal organs with the sternum and rib cage. There are many functions that the skeletal system provides; it provides the framework for your body, allows the body to move, protects internal organs, they produce blood and stores minerals.

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Blood cells are produced in the marrow of some bones. The average amount of red blood cells that are produced ever second is 2.6 million that have been worn out and destroyed by the liver. The minerals that are stored in within the bones are calcium and phosphorus. When these minerals are low in the blood it is withdrawn from the bones. There are two divisions of the skeleton: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, sternum, ribs, and the vertebral column. The appendicular consists of the appendages: legs, arms, the shoulders, and the pelvic area. The skull and consists of eight cranial bone and 14 facial bones. The sternum is a knife blade shaped bone that is located in the middle of the chest and along with the rib cage they protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels. The vertebral column (backbone) is made up of 33 bones that are irregular in shape. The upper extremities are made up of the arms, forearms, and the hands. The lower extremities are made up of the thighs, legs, feet, and the patella (knee cap). The shoulder girdle is made up of four bones; two clavicles or collarbones and two scapulae the triangular flat bones usually called the shoulder blades. The pelvic girdle plays an important function of the body. It supports the weight of the vertebral column along with protecting and supporting the lower organs. There are four types of bones: long, short, flat, and irregular.

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The bones of the upper extremities and lower extremities are examples of this type of bone. Long bones are always longer than they are wide and work as levers. Short bones are located in the wrists and ankles and are usually short and cube shaped. The flat bones have broad surfaces that protect organs and attachment of muscles, examples are the cranial bones and bones of the shoulder girdle. Irregular bones are bones that do not fall into the other categories and have various shapes, sizes, and surfaces that are apparent in the vertebrae. Bones are composed of two different types compact or dense bone, and spongy although most bones contain both types. The dense bone is hard and forms the protective surface that surrounds the bone. Spongy bone is located inside of the bones and is full of tiny holes and is located inside of most bone structures.

The movement of the body is carried out by the relationship between the skeletal and muscle systems. The skeletal system is comprised of joints where the skeleton and muscles are connected by tendons and ligaments. Tendons connect muscles and bones and ligaments connect bones to bones. Here is a way to remember this: Lig Bo Bo (ligaments connect bone to bone), Ten Mu Bo (tendons connect muscle to bone). There is another part of the skeletal system that is not really considered bone and that is cartilage. Cartilage is a tough fibrous connective tissue that provides support to the skeleton at points throughout the body. Cartilage is composed of specialized cells that are enclosed by jellylike medium of collagen and a tough protein.

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There are six types of joints throughout the human body. 1. Ball and Socket – this joint has a ball shape on the end of one bone and a cup shape on the other bone. This joint has the widest range of movement and can be found in the shoulders and hips.

2. Condyloid – this is an oval shape bone that fits into an egg-shaped cavity of another bone that causes an angular motion. This type of joint is located in the palm of the hand, fingers, heel, and toes.

3. Saddle – this joint is only located in the thumb. This is a joint where both bones that are connected concave and convex regions that complement one another and allows a wide range of movement.

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4. Pivot – this joint has rounded surfaces that form a pivot like process that turns within a ring.

5. Hinge – this joint is where one bone fits into a concave depression in another bone that permits only flexion and extension as in the elbows and knees.

6. Gliding – this is where flat surfaces move against one another allowing a sliding movement as in the wrist and ankle.

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Name: ________________________________________

Quiz # 2

1. How many bones does the skeleton have? A. 207 B. 302 C. 206 2. Name the five things that the skeleton does. 1. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 3. _____________________________________ 4. _____________________________________ 5. _____________________________________ 3. Name the types of joints shown:

1.________________

2.________________

5.___________________

3._______________

4.______________

6.__________________

4.What do the following sayings stand for? Lig Bo Bo ____________________________________________________ Ten Mu Bo ___________________________________________________

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5. Where are red blood cells manufactured? How many red blood cells are made every second?_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 6. How many different shapes of bones are there in the human body? _____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 7. Label the types of bone illustrated below:

1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________

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Skeletal System Disease Writing Assignment In this assignment you are going to research and write about a skeletal system disease. Here are just a few diseases: Leukemia, Bursitis, Osteoporosis, Sprains and Fractures, Spina bifida, Scurvy, Arthritis, Scoliosis, Talipes equinovarus, Tendenitis, Kyphosis, Poliomyelitis. Remember that when you research you must give the sources of your information. Please refer to the following site in order to prevent plagiarism within your paper http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/03/. Use the following guide in order to guarantee that you gather all the information needed in your paper. Watch your spelling, grammar, and use complete sentences. 1. Title your paper – Be original not ordinary. 2. Provide an Introduction. 3. Provide the following information on skeletal system disease.  Name the disease.  When was the disease discovered?  Describe what happens to the skeletal system when the disease occurs.  What are some of the preventions that can be taken to avoid this disease (if there are any)?  What are the medical procedures used to correct this disease?  What will be the final outcome of this disease? 4. Provide a conclusion. What have you learned about this skeletal disease? For information use the Internet for your research and the following log to keep track of the information that you have located for your paper.

©2008 New Learning Publishing

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Muscular System

Muscle System Amazing Facts:  There are about 60 muscles in the face. It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.  The longest muscle in the body is the sartorius, from the outside of the hip, down and across to the inside of the knee.  The smallest muscle in the body is the stapedius; deep in the ear it is thinner than cotton thread.  The biggest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus, in the buttock. The human body consists of over 600 muscles. Muscles assist in the pumping of blood throughout your body, they help you lift items, and allow you to move with help from the skeletal system. Some of the muscles you have control of (voluntary action) and others you have no control over (involuntary). Thousands of small fibers make up a single muscle. Contained within your body are three different types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. Smooth muscles are called involuntary muscles (you have no control over these muscles) your brain controls these muscles for you.

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Smooth muscles control the contractions in your organs, blood vessels, your intestinal track, and your bladder, and in women the uterus. With in the stomach and intestinal track smooth muscles contract and release in order for food to move from one area to another. Where your bladder is concerned when the muscles are relaxed you do not have to go to the bathroom, but when they begin to contract they help push the urine out of your bladder. Another area where smooth muscles can be found is behind your eyes; they help keep your eyes focused. The cardiac muscle is commonly known as the heart. The muscles of the heart are very thick and are also an involuntary muscle.

Image provided by http://webanatomy.net/histology/cardiac_histology.htm.

Within the heart are special cells that control the heartbeat known as a pacemaker. These are the cells that have broken down or quit working when someone has a pacemaker surgically implanted.

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Skeletal Muscle also known as Striated Muscles because of the light and dark parts of the muscle that make them look like they are striped. These muscles are found in bundles and can be seen rippling under the skin when they are moved. When these muscles are exercised they retain a firm tone and can be enlarged by lifting weights. The opposite is also true; when the muscles are not used they diminish in size and weaken.

Skeletal muscles allow you to kick a football, allow you to make a muscle to show how strong you are. As you can see by the diagram above these types of muscles are attached to the skeletal system by tendons. These muscles are voluntary and you control how they move. These muscles are among the most powerful muscles in your body. They are located in your arms, legs, neck, and back. They allow you to lift, push, kick, rotate your neck and back. Voluntary muscles are muscles that you have control over and the brain and the nervous system control this muscle movement. The part of the brain that controls these movements is regulated by the part of the brain known as the cerebral motor cortex and the cerebellum. When movement is needed the motor cortex sends an electrical signal down through the spinal column to the nerves in the muscles that causes them to contract. The right side of the motor cortex controls the left side of the body and the left side of the motor cortex controls the right side of the body. Face Muscles control facial expressions: your smile, eyes, frown, eyebrows, wiggle your nose or ears (if you can do that).

These muscles do not attach to bone they attach under your skin! When you consider your facial muscles don’t forget about your tongue. This is the only muscle in the body that is only ©2008 New Learning Publishing

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attached at one end and it is not just one muscle it is composed of several muscles that work together and they allow you to stick out your tongue, talk, chew, and wiggle it around. The sense of taste originates in your mouth with your tongue, but the nose also has an effect on your taste.

Fun Facts about your Tongue:  

A single taste bud contains 50–100 taste cells representing all 5-taste sensations.

 

Each taste cell has receptors situated at the top or tip surface. o Those give rise to the sensations of salty and sour, sweet, bitter, and umami.   Umami is a Japanese word meaning "savory" or "meaty" and thus applies to the sensation of savoriness—specifically, to the detection of glutamates (sodium salt ) which are especially common in meats, cheese and other protein-heavy foods.   A single taste cell seems to be restricted to expressing only a single type of receptor (except for bitter receptors).   Taste receptor cells are connected, through an ATP-releasing synapse (a junction between two nerve cells) to a sensory neuron leading back to the brain.   The sensation of taste — like all sensations — resides in the brain.   In most cases women have more taste buds than men. The taste buds located at the back of the tongue are arranged to form a V with the angle pointing backward; they transmit the sensation of bitterness. Those at the tip of the tongue transmit sweetness, whereas saltiness and sourness are transmitted from the papillae on the ©2008 New Learning Publishing

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sides of the tongue. Approximately 80-90% of what we perceive as "taste" actually is due to the sense of smell. Just think about how dull food tastes when you have a head cold or a stuffed up nose. There are a lot of major muscles in the body, well there are so many that it will be difficult to list them all in this unit. Here are just a few:

The muscles in the shoulders are called deltoids. The pectoral muscles are located on either side of your chest. Under the ribs you can find your rectus abdominus or abdominal muscles that allow you to do sit ups. When people make a muscle with the upper part of their arm they are contracting they biceps. On the front of your thighs are the quadriceps or quads and can be developed and made stronger if you run, ride a bike, and play sports. When you sit down you are sitting on your gluteus maximas or gloots for short. To check out all the muscles in the body go to this site http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/muscles.html it will provide the location of muscles in the body and what they look like. One disease that affects muscles is Muscular Dystrophy a crippling disease characterized by gradual wasting of skeletal muscle. As this disease evolves some of the indicators are weakness that increases along with a loss of muscle mass and function. Sooner or later a person affected by Muscular Dystrophy will need to use a wheelchair in order to move around. There are four different forms of this disease and they depend on inheritance, the age of the person when symptoms on first noticed, and the distribution of the muscles involved.

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Understanding Skeletal and Muscle Relationship in Movement and Construction This experiment will allow students an up close and realistic view and understanding of how the skeleton and muscles work together. The skeletal system provides support, tendons and ligaments connect the bones together along with muscles, joints provide type of movement range, and muscles provide movement by contracting and releasing. Materials: Turkey wing (thawed out and not cooked) Knife or Scissors to remove the skin of the Turkey Wing Procedure: 1. Remove the skin from the wing. 2. By utilizing the diagram below locate the parts listed. 3. Move the wing by bending the hand and finger bones towards the shoulder area then relax them. Notice how the muscles contract and relax in pairs. 4. Being very careful use a pair of kitchen scissors and cut one of the bones in half and look at the marrow inside. The dark red color in the marrow is the result of the blood cells that were produced. 5. Discuss what you have you discovered from this experiment with another person?

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Can you tell me what you the taste? Materials Needed: Q-tips Granulated sugar Lemon juice Shock tarts (candy) Vinegar Cups (4 per group) Paper towels Blindfolds Tongue map (This is the shape of the tongue. Show students a design of the tongue with the specific taste areas labeled. Have them to create their own map from this design without labeling.)

Students should conduct this experiment in groups of two or more, one as the subject and the other as recorder, experimenter and observer. Students will need three maps each. Strategy: Place the lemon juice, vinegar, sugar and shock tarts in separate cups. Label the bottom of each cup to indicate the contents. On the sides of the cups, write A, B, C or D and place on a table facing the recorder. The taster will be blindfolded during this first part of the experiment Using a clean Q-tip each time, the experimenter will dip the end into one of the cups with the liquid content and place on different areas of the taster’s tongue. The shock tarts should be placed in the subject's hand and they will place it on different areas of their tongue. Each time the tongue is touched, the student should be asked to identify the taste sensation that they experienced. ©2008 New Learning Publishing

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The recorder on should note each response the tongue map. Once all students within the group have completed the task, allow students to conduct the experiment again. This time the blindfold should not be included. The experiment should be conducted a third time. This time students will hold their nose and complete each step of the experiment. When the experiment is completed, students should review their individual responses and then compare them with the other students in their group. Each group will write their overall results and compare with the rest of the class. To check for student understanding: Students will now be able to complete tongue mapping by labeling the areas of the tongue that are more sensitive to a specific taste and areas where taste sensations may overlap with each other. They will also understand how the sense of taste is influenced by both sight and smell.

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Name: ________________________________________

Quiz # 3

1. What muscles in your body do you have control over? A. Involuntary muscles B. Cardiac muscles C. Voluntary Muscles 2. How many muscles do you have in your body?____________________________________ 3. Voluntary muscles are what kind of muscles? A. Smooth muscles B. Rough muscles C. Striated muscles 4. The heart muscle is also known as what kind of muscle?_____________________________ 5. The muscles of the face are connected where? A. To the skull B. To the skin C. To each other 6. Striated muscles allow your body to do what? ____________________________________ 7. What is the one muscle that is only attached at one end? ____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. These two parts of the brain send messages to the muscles that causes them to move. A. Motor cortex B. The nerves in the muscles C. The cerebellum D. All of the above 9. What type of muscles can be built up or enlarged with exercise? A. Smooth Muscles B. Striated Muscles C. Rough Muscles

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10. Label the following muscular diagram:

Biceps Neck

Face

Word Bank Deltoid Quadriceps

Chest Abdominal

1.______________________________________ 2.______________________________________ 3.______________________________________ 4.______________________________________ 5.______________________________________ 6.______________________________________ 7.______________________________________

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Muscular System Disease Writing Assignment In this assignment you are going to research and write about a muscular system disease. Here are just a few diseases: Muscular dystrophy, Cerebral Palsy, Multiple Sclerosis, and muscle rheumatism. Remember that when you research you must give the sources of your information. Please refer to the following site in order to prevent plagiarism within your paper http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/03/. Use the following guide in order to guarantee that you gather all the information needed in your paper. Watch your spelling, grammar, and use complete sentences. 1. Title your paper – Be original not ordinary. 2. Provide an Introduction. 3. Provide the following information on muscular system disease.  Name the disease.  When was the disease discovered?  Describe what happens to the muscular system when the disease occurs.  What are some of the preventions that can be taken to avoid this disease (if there are any)?  What are the medical procedures used to correct this disease?  What will be the final outcome of this disease? 4. Provide a conclusion. What have you learned about this muscular disease? For information use the Internet for your research and the following log to keep track of the information that you have located for your paper.

©2008 New Learning Publishing

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Human Body Vocabulary 1. Biceps – a muscle that has two points of attachment at one end at the upper arm. 2. Cartilage – the tough elastic tissue that is found in the nose, throat, and ear and in other parts of the body and forms most of the skeleton in infancy. 3. Cell Membrane – the membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm, through which substances pass in and out of the cell. 4. Centrioles – a two-part rod-shaped structure with the parts lying at right angles to each other, located in pairs near the nucleus. 5. Cytoplasm – the complex of chemical compounds and structures within an animal cell excluding the nucleus. 6. Cytoskeleton – the internal network of protein filaments and microtubules in an animal or plant cell that controls the cell's shape and movement. 7. Deltoids – a thick triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint. 8. Endoplasmic Reticulum – an intricate system of tubular membranes in the cytoplasm of a cell. It is responsible for the synthesis and transport of materials to and from cells. 9. Golgi body – a membranous structure in the cytoplasm of cells consisting of layers of flattened sacs and functioning in the processing and transporting of proteins. 10.Joint – part of the body where bones are connected. 11.Ligament – a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilage at a joint. 12.Lysosomes – a membrane-bound cavity in living cells that contains enzymes that are responsible for degrading and recycling molecules. 13.Marrow – soft red or yellow fatty tissue that fills the central cavities of bones. Red marrow is the site of blood cell production. 14.Mitochondrion – a small round or rod-shaped body that is found in the cytoplasm of most cells and produces enzymes for the metabolic conversion of food to energy. 15.Nuclear Envelop – a two-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a living cell. 16.Nucleolus – a small round body inside a cell nucleus, composed of protein and RNA and associated with the formation of ribosomes. 17.Nucleus – the central body, usually spherical, that is a membrane-encased mass of protoplasm containing the chromosomes and other genetic information necessary to control cell growth and reproduction. 18.Organelles – a specialized part of a cell that has its own function, such as the nucleus or the mitochondrion. 19.Patella – a flat triangular bone located at the front of the knee. It protects the knee joint. 20.Quadriceps – a large four-part muscle at the front of the thigh that acts to extend the leg. 21.Ribosomes – a submicroscopic cluster of proteins and RNA, occurring in great numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells, that takes part in the manufacture of proteins. 22.Sternum – the ventral plate covering the heart. 23.Striated – marked with parallel grooves, ridges, stripes, or narrow bands. 24.Vacuoles – a membrane-bound compartment containing fluid that is found in the cytoplasm of a cell. ©2008 New Learning Publishing

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Human Body Vocabulary Builder Clues ACROSS 4 - a thick triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint. 7 - a specialized part of a cell that has its own function, such as the nucleus or the mitochondrion. 10 - a large four-part muscle at the front of the thigh that acts to extend the leg. 11 - soft red or yellow fatty tissue that fills the central cavities of bones. Red marrow is the site of blood cell production. 16 - a two-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a living cell. 17 - a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue that connects bones or cartilage at a joint. 19 - a membrane-bound compartment containing fluid that is found in the cytoplasm of a cell. 21 - a two-part rod-shaped structure with the parts lying at right angles to each other, located in pairs near the nucleus. 22 - the central body, usually spherical, that is a membrane-encased mass of protoplasm containing the chromosomes and other genetic information necessary to control cell growth and reproduction. 23 - the ventral plate covering the heart. 24 - the complex of chemical compounds and structures within an animal cell excluding the nucleus. DOWN 1 - a muscle that has two points of attachment at one end at the upper arm. 2 - a membrane-bound cavity in living cells that contains enzymes that are responsible for degrading and recycling molecules. 3 - an intricate system of tubular membranes in the cytoplasm of a cell. It is responsible for the synthesis and transport of materials to and from cells. 5 - a membranous structure in the cytoplasm of cells consisting of layers of flattened sacs and functioning in the processing and transporting of proteins. 6 - a small round or rod-shaped body that is found in the cytoplasm of most cells and produces enzymes for the metabolic conversion of food to energy. 8 - a submicroscopic cluster of proteins and RNA, occurring in great numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells, that takes part in the manufacture of proteins. 9 - marked with parallel grooves, ridges, stripes, or narrow bands. 12 - the internal network of protein filaments and microtubules in an animal or plant cell that controls the cell's shape and movement. 13 - the membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm, through which substances pass in and out of the cell. 14 - the tough elastic tissue that is found in the nose, throat, and ear and in other parts of the body and forms most of the skeleton in infancy. 15 - a small round body inside a cell nucleus composed of protein and RNA and associated with the formation of ribosomes. ©2008 New Learning Publishing

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Human Body Part One

18 - a flat triangular bone located at the front of the knee. It protects the knee joint. 20 - part of the body where bones are connected.

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Human Body Part One

Word Search Animal Cell/ Muscular System L C G G U R P T M S C Q N C J S B I U N

C X A J F A I U M X S O Q O D T B G U J

Y I D R T U L E P G I N R T F E T C Q R

L H M E T U U H S R K G I N Q R M N R A

H I L S C I F D D U A G A I U N B Q F E

A L G I A B L N A N L N Q O A U M T M L

A P T A O L O A E O H O D J D M P Q U C

B E O Q M H P L G Z O T E W R N X A R U

R I J L C E L O E E C E L L I S B X F N

Z W C O E E N R D J Z L T L C B W O Y F

F C T E S V D T I N S E O C E U J L S A

BICEPS BODY CARTILAGE CELL CENTRIOLES CYTOPLASM CYTOSKELETON DELTOIDS ENDOPLASMIC ENVELOP GOLGI JOINT LIGAMENT LYSOSOMES

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I I W L P P N Q Z J E K I P P C N E O Q

M V R Q K S R E E Z M S D Q S F L M J A

S E L O I R T N E C O O S L Z O E I K M

S E M O S O B I R N S T S Y U M W D Q U

C Y T O P L A S M H O Y D C B G M R Q T

S U E L C U N A Y W S C A R F I X Z T L

Y D O B I M J Q L T Y V A M A R R O W C

S T R I A T E D P O L N S T T F T I S U

R U J W L B U I Q K E K F L H B T R P R

MARROW MEMBRANE MITOCHONDRION NUCLEAR NUCLEOLUS NUCLEUS ORGANELLES PATELLA QUADRICEPS RETICULUM RIBOSOMES STERNUM STRIATED VACUOLES

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Human Body Part One

Websites and References http://encarta.msn.com/ – Utilized for research and confirmation of material located on the Internet. http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_/effector.html – Provided definitions for vocabulary words. http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/dictionaryhome.aspx – Provided confirmation of material gathered. http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/skeletalsystem.html – Provided by Minnesota State University.

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Human Body Part One

Answer Keys Quiz #1 1. What are organelles? _parts within the cell – tiny organs__________________ 2. Complete the following chart: 1. Nucleus 2. Ribosome 3. Cell Membrane 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum 5. Vacuole 6. Nuclear Envelop 7. Centrioles 8. Nucleolus 9. Cytoplasm 10. Golgi Body 11. Lysosomes 12. Mitochondrion 13. Cytoskeleton Quiz # 2 1. How many bones does the skeleton have? A. 207 B. 302 C. 206 2. Name the five things that the skeleton does. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Provides framework__________ Provides movement__________ Protects internal organs_______ Stores minerals_____________ Produces red blood cells______

3. Name the types of joints shown: 1.__Ball and socket__ 2.__Pivot__________ 3.__Gliding________ 4.__Hinge_________ 5.__Condyloid _____ 6.__Saddle_________ 4.What do the following sayings stand for? Lig Bo Bo __Ligaments connect bone to bone_______________________ Ten Mu Bo __Tendons connect muscle to bone______________________ ©2008 New Learning Publishing

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Human Body Part One

5. Where are red blood cells manufactured? How many red blood cells are made every second? __Red blood is manufactured in the bone marrow. The total amount of blood made per second is 2.6 million_______________ 6. How many different shapes of bones are there in the human body? __There are four types of bone: long, short, flat, and irregular._____________________ 7. Label the type of bone illustrated below 1. __dense bone___ 2. __spongy bone___ Quiz # 3 1. What muscles in your body do you have control over? A. Involuntary muscles B. Cardiac muscles C. Voluntary Muscles 2. How many muscles do you have in your body?______you have over 600 muscles in your body.__________ 3. Voluntary muscles are what kind of muscles? A. Smooth muscles B. Rough muscles C. Striated muscles 4. The heart muscle is also known as what kind of muscle?__It is also known as the cardiac muscle.________ 5. The muscles of the face are connected where? A. To the skull B. To the skin C. To each other 6. Striated muscles allow your body to do what? _They allow your body to move. _________ 7. What is the one muscle that is only attached at one end? _Your tongue is the only muscle that is attached at one end.___________________________ 8. These parts of the brain send messages to the muscles that cause them to move. A. Motor cortex B. The nerves in the muscles C. The cerebellum D. All of the above 9. What type of muscles can be built up or enlarged with exercise? A. Smooth Muscles B. Striated Muscles C. Rough Muscles 10. Label the following muscular diagram: 1. Face 2. Chest ©2008 New Learning Publishing

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Human Body Part One

3. Abdominal 4. Neck 5. Deltoid 6. Biceps 7. Quadriceps

Human Body Vocabulary Builder Answer Key

D

M I S T T O M A R R O W C I H N A O U T N U C L E A R E N D L D R E P I O V A C O L T N U E S N U C L E L C Y T O P L A S

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O R G A N I B O S C O Y M T V E L O P S S K U O L E S L C E N U S T O M N

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B L E E L T O I D S Y N C S D E G O O P O S P E L L E S L O L G M A Q U A D R I C E P S B S M C C O I E A D C L R Y R L T E M L I G A M E N T E L I M A C B J G U T R I O L E S L A I U N N S T E R N U M E T

Human Body Part One

Word Search Animal Cell/ Muscular System Solution + C + + + + P + M + + + N + + S + + + +

C + A + + A + U + + + O + O + T + + + +

+ I + R T + L + + + I + R T + E + + + R

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L + M E T U + + S R + G I N Q R + + + A

+ I L S C I + + D U A G + I U N + + + E

+ L G I A + L N + N L N + O A U + + + L

A P T A + L O A E O + O D J D M + + + C

B E O + M H P L G + + T E + R + + + + U

R I + L C E L O + E + E L L I + + + + N

+ + C O E E N + D + + L T L C + + + + +

+ + T E S V + T + N S E O + E U + + S +

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+ I + + P + N + + + E K I + P C N E + +

M + + + + S + E + + M S D + S + L M + +

S E L O I R T N E C O O S + + O E + + +

S E M O S O B I R + S T + + U M + + + +

C Y T O P L A S M + O Y + C B + + + + +

S U E L C U N + + + S C A R + + + + + +

Y D O B + + + + + + Y V A M A R R O W +

S T R I A T E D + + L N + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + E + + + + + + + + +

Human Body Part One

Internet Usage Log Name:_______________________________________________________Date:___________ What is being researched:____________________________________________________ All sources must be listed and log completed to receive credit for this part of the project. Web Site Visited: (Name) URL Listing: What information was discovered?

Did you verify this information to ensure that it is accurate? How?

How did this information relate to your project?

How will it be used in your project?

How many minutes did you spend at this location? Did this site provide enough information? Would you give this site to a friend to find information about your research? Why or why not? ©2008 New Learning Publishing

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Human Body Part One

Writing Assignments Grading Rubric Name:______________________________________________________________

CATEGORY

4

3

2

1

Notes

Notes are recorded and organized in an extremely neat and orderly fashion.

Notes are recorded legibly and are somewhat organized.

Notes are recorded.

Notes are recorded only with peer/teacher assistance and reminders.

First Draft

Detailed draft is Draft includes all Draft includes most neatly presented and required information required information includes all required and is legible. and is legible. information.

Amount of Information

All topics are addressed and all questions answered with at least 2 sentences about each.

All topics are addressed and most questions answered with at least 2 sentences about each.

All topics are One or more topics addressed, and most were not addressed. questions answered with 1 sentence about each.

Quality of Information

Information clearly relates to the main topic. It includes several supporting details and/or examples.

Information clearly relates to the main topic. It provides 1-2 supporting details and/or examples.

Information clearly Information has little relates to the main or nothing to do with topic. No details the main topic. and/or examples are given.

Organization

Information is very organized with wellconstructed paragraphs and subheadings.

Information is organized with wellconstructed paragraphs.

Information is organized, but paragraphs are not well constructed.

The information appears to be disorganized. 8)

Paragraph Construction

All paragraphs include introductory sentence, explanations or details, and concluding sentence.

Most paragraphs include introductory sentence, explanations or details, and concluding sentence.

Paragraphs included related information but were typically not constructed well.

Paragraphing structure was not clear and sentences were not typically related within the paragraphs.

Mechanics

No grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors.

Almost no A few grammatical grammatical, spelling spelling, or or punctuation errors punctuation errors.

Many grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors.

Internet Use

Successfully uses suggested internet links to find information and navigates within these sites easily without assistance.

Usually able to use suggested internet links to find information and navigates within these sites easily without assistance.

Occasionally able to use suggested internet links to find information and navigates within these sites easily without assistance.

Needs assistance or supervision to use suggested internet links and/or to navigate within these sites.

Sources

All sources (information and graphics) are accurately documented in the desired format.

All sources (information and graphics) are accurately documented, but a few are not in the desired format.

All sources (information and graphics) are accurately documented, but many are not in the desired format.

Some sources are not accurately documented.

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Draft is missing required information and is difficult to read.

Human Body Part One