PROGRESS ON
SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER
2013 UPDATE
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Progress on sanitation and drinking-water - 2013 update. 1.Water supply - standards. 2.Sanitation - trends. 3.Drinking-water - supply and distribution. 4.Program evaluation. I.World Health Organization. 2.UNICEF. ISBN 978 92 4 150539 0
(NLM classification: WA 670)
© World Health Organization and UNICEF 2013 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email:
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CONTENTS GLOBAL SANITATION TRENDS 1990–2011 ........................................................................................................................ 4 TRENDS IN OPEN DEFECATION 1990–2011 ....................... ............................................................................................... 6 GLOBAL DRINKING-WATER TRENDS 1990–2011............. ............................................................................................... 8 TOWARDS A POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA ........... ............................................................................................ 10 THE JMP METHOD . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 COUNTRY, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL ESTIMATES ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER ............................ 14 TRENDS IN URBAN AND RURAL SANITATION COVERAGE, 1990–2011 ..................................................................... 36 TRENDS IN URBAN AND RURAL DRINKING-WATER COVERAGE, 1990–2011 ......................................................... 37 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: REGIONAL GROUPINGS ................................................................................ 38
JMP 2013 UPDATE: HIGHLIGHTS This JMP 2013 update presents country, regional and global estimates for the year 2011. Since the JMP 2012 update, which presented 2010 estimates, results of 230 surveys have been added to the JMP database, bringing the total number of surveys in the JMP database close to 1700. As is to be expected from an annual update, the global estimates have hardly changed. Drinking-water coverage in 2011 remains at 89% – which is 1% above the MDG drinking-water target. In 2011, 768 million people relied on unimproved drinking-water sources. Sanitation coverage in 2011 was 64%. The world remains off track to meet the MDG sanitation target of 75% and if current trends continue, it is set to miss the target by more than half a billion people. By the end of 2011, there were 2.5 billion people who still did not use an improved sanitation facility. The number of people practising open defecation decreased to a little over 1 billion, but this still represents 15% of the global population. Since 2011, the JMP has facilitated broad discussions among more than 200 representatives from the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector, academia and the human rights and global monitoring communities to formulate new global WASH targets and indicators for consideration under
the post-2015 development agenda. On page 10 of this report, this process is further explained, and the preliminary outcomes of these discussions are presented for further consideration. With less than three years to go, a final push is needed to meet the MDG sanitation target. This requires providing around 1 billion people with access to sanitation – a daunting task that can only be accomplished through the concerted efforts of many partners. In March 2013, the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations called upon the world to increase global efforts to accelerate progress towards the MDG sanitation target, which is among the targets for which progress has fallen furthest behind. In particular, he called upon governments, civil society, the private sector and UN agencies to pull together and help end the practice of open defecation by the year 2025. Page 6 of this report shows which countries have decreased open defecation rates the most since 1990. Some of these countries still have a rather large proportion of the population practising open defecation, while others have reduced the practice to only a few per cent of the population.
1.
GLOBAL SANITATION TRENDS 1990–2011
In 2011, almost two thirds (64%) of the world population relied on improved sanitation facilities, while 15% continued to defecate in the open. Since 1990, almost 1.9 billion people have gained access to an improved sanitation facility. The world, however, remains off track to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) sanitation target, which requires reducing
the proportion of people without access from 51% in 1990, to 25% by 2015. The greatest progress has been made in Eastern Asia, where sanitation coverage has increased from 27% in 1990 to 67% in 2011. This amounts to more than 626 million people gaining access to improved sanitation facilities over a 21-year period.
There are 45 countries where sanitation coverage is less than 50 percent
76–90%
91–100%
50–75%
Insufficient data or not applicable
50%
26–50%
11–25%
1–10%
No open defecation
Insufficient data or not applicable
Figure 4. Proportion of the population practising open defecation in 2011.
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2.
TRENDS IN OPEN DEFECATION 1990–2011
Open defecation rates declined globally from 24% in 1990 to 15% in 2011. In absolute numbers, this signifies a drop of 244 million people to 1.04 billion in 2011. The decline in the population practising open defecation has differed from region to region. Eastern Asia, South-eastern Asia and the Latin America and
Caribbean regions have seen a steady decline since the JMP’s earliest measurements describing conditions in 1990. In Southern Asia, the population practising open defecation peaked around 1995, after which it declined. Only in sub-Saharan Africa is the number of people defecating in the open still increasing.
Population practising open defecation (millions)
The global population practising open defecation is slowly declining 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1990
1995
2000
World Sub-Saharan Africa Eastern Asia
2005
2011
Southern Asia South-eastern Asia Latin America & Caribbean
Figure 5. Open defecation trends in developing regions and the world, 1990–2011. Many countries have made remarkable progress in reducing open defecation rates Open defecation rate (%)
Percentage point decline
Annual rate of decline (%)
Country
1990
2011
1990–2011
1990–2011
Viet Nam
40
3
37
12.3
Bangladesh
32
4
28
9.9
Peru
34
6
28
8.3
Malawi
31
6
25
7.8
Honduras
33
7
26
7.4
Lao People’s Democratic Republic*
69
32
37
4.8
Plurinational State of Bolivia
46
19
27
4.2
Pakistan
52
23
29
3.9
Angola
57
26
31
3.7
Haiti
50
23
27
3.7
Ethiopia
93
45
48
3.5
Nepal
84
43
41
3.2
Benin
80
54
26
1.9
Cambodia
84
58
26
1.8
* There are no 1990 open defecation estimates for Lao People’s Democratic Republic, so the range given here is for 1995–2011.
Table 1.
6
Countries where open defecation rates declined 25 percentage points or more since 1990 PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
3.
GLOBAL DRINKING-WATER TRENDS 1990—2011
By the end of 2011, 89% of the world population used an improved drinking-water source, and 55% enjoyed the convenience and associated health benefits of a piped supply on premises. An estimated 768 million people did not use an improved source for drinking-water in 2011, including 185 million who relied on surface water to meet their daily drinking-water needs. Urban drinking-water coverage has remained high over the past two decades, and currently only 4% of the urban population relies
on unimproved sources. However, in spite of the high urban drinking-water coverage rates, issues of service quality remain. Supplies are often intermittent and this increases contamination risks. Of the 2.1 billion people who gained access since 1990, almost two thirds, 1.3 million, lived in urban areas. By the end of 2011, 83% of the population without access to an improved drinking-water source lived in rural areas.
Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania have the lowest drinking-water coverage
91–100%
76–90%
50–75%
Insufficient data or not applicable
50%
26–50%
11–25%
1–10%
Insufficient data or not applicable
Figure 9. Proportion of the population using piped water on premises in 2011.
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4.
TOWARDS A POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
The WHO/UNICEF JMP-led technical process on the formulation of post-2015 WASH targets and indicators A new era: the post-2015 consultations
Process
Anticipating the discussion on post-2015 development goals, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) convened a first consultation with broad stakeholder representation in Berlin in May 2011, to start a process of formulating proposals for post-2015 targets and corresponding indicators for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), in the context of possible goals.
Over the ensuing 18 months, the working groups developed proposals for targets and indicators. These were based on the above-mentioned principles and a shared vision that:
The first consultation reviewed the current global drinking-water and sanitation monitoring landscape, identified the strengths and weaknesses of the current MDG targets and indicators, discussed the relevance of the principles underlying the human rights to water and sanitation for consideration in future goals and targets and reached agreement on a roadmap towards the formulation of a menu of options with a limited number of viable global targets and indicators corresponding to a possible global WASH goal. As an outcome of the Berlin consultation, four working groups1 were established: Water Supply, Sanitation, Hygiene and Equity and Non-Discrimination (END), consisting of WASH sector and human rights experts and representatives from academia and the global monitoring community tasked with the development of targets and indicators for the specific subsector (except for END, which was cross-sectoral). Participants agreed to reconvene for a second consultation in The Hague, the Netherlands, in December 2012 to review the work of the respective groups. In the development of targets and indicators, all working groups were asked to consider the following principles: They should be formulated in the context of a simple, inspirational vision, articulated around universal access and use of safe drinking-water and sanitation, with hygiene being added to the scope of the new targets. They should reflect progressive realization of the human rights to safe drinking-water and sanitation. They should build on existing indicators and monitoring mechanisms to ensure continuity in global monitoring.
No one should practise open defecation. Everyone should have safe water, sanitation and hygiene at home. All schools and health centres should have water, sanitation and hygiene. Water, sanitation and hygiene should be sustainable. Inequalities in access should be eliminated. The targets and indicators were presented in a consolidated document to the wider development community during the second consultation, held in The Hague in early December 2012. The proposed targets address the objectives of progressive realization through increasing the numbers of people using services, reducing inequalities, increasing service levels, driving progress in schools and health centres as well as households and achieving sustainable, universal coverage. At their core, the targets are aspirational and visionary. They do not merely formulate what is practical to achieve, but instead strive for the best we can do as a global society.
Detailed targets The four targets include both interim and final targets and indicators and have received broad support among experts in the sector. Target 1: By 2025, no one practices open defecation and inequalities in the practice of open defecation have been progressively eliminated. Target 2: By 2030, everyone uses a basic drinkingwater supply and handwashing facilities when at home, all schools and health centres provide all users with basic drinking-water supply and adequate sanitation, handwashing facilities and menstrual hygiene facilities and inequalities in access to each of these services have been progressively eliminated.
1 Working group leads: Water Supply: WaterAid and International Water and Sanitation Centre; Sanitation: World Bank Water and Sanitation Program; Hygiene: United States Agency for International Development; Equity and Non-Discrimination: United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Water and Sanitation/Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights.
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PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Target 3: By 2040, everyone uses adequate sanitation when at home, the proportion of the population not using an intermediate drinking-water supply service at home has been reduced by half, the excreta from at least half of schools, health centres and households with adequate sanitation are safely managed and inequalities in access to each of these services have been progressively reduced. Target 4: All drinking-water supply, sanitation and hygiene services are delivered in a progressively affordable, accountable and financially and environmentally sustainable manner. Scope of targets: The targets are global, are outcome-focused and reflect a progressive realization of the human rights to water and sanitation. Based on the simple inspirational vision of the universal access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene, they focus on the poor, disadvantaged and those excluded at the individual and household level, as well as in schools and health centres. Pursuing the elimination of inequities and inequalities, the targets seek to both increase the number of people using water, sanitation and hygiene as well as progressively improve levels of service. Format of targets: There are between one and three targets per subsector, each with a set of accompanying indicators that are unambiguous, expressed in simple language to be as easily communicated as possible and without professional jargon. The targets are cohesive, each with clear and comprehensive definitions, expressed in terms of a set of dates by which various levels of inequality reduction and improvements in service levels and practices will have taken place, while respecting each subsector equally (not allowing one subsector to subsume another). As the target year of the future global development framework has not yet been set, a 25-year period is assumed, between 2015 and 2040.
Moving forward During 2013, proposed indicators and their data sources will be further validated to ensure that the indicators robustly measure the proposed targets. Time permitting, the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) intends to collect information on the indicators where data are available in order to be able to establish a credible baseline by 2015. While the JMP is facilitating the technical process, a parallel political process has begun, with many groups reaching out to UN member states, championing WASH in the wider post-2015 discussions. No matter what framework is adopted for the post-2015 development agenda, these ambitious yet realistic targets can guide the way towards better water, sanitation and hygiene for all people and in doing so will help reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development. The reports of the consultations held in Berlin and The Hague, along with the consolidated proposal document and the detailed reports of the four working groups, can all be downloaded from www.wssinfo.org/post-2015monitoring/. Some proposed definitions for post-2015 Basic drinking-water supply: Use of an improved drinking-water source* ≤ 30 minute water collection round trip Intermediate drinking-water supply at home: Use of an improved drinking-water source on premises* Available in acceptable quantities at least 12 of the past 14 days Water quality of < 10 cfu (colony-forming units) of E.Coli/100ml *for urban areas excluding protected dug wells and protected springs
Adequate sanitation at home: Use of an improved sanitation facility at home Shared between five households or less
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5. Open defecation Open defecation: when human faeces are disposed of in fields, forests, bushes, open bodies of water, beaches or other open spaces or disposed of with solid waste.
UNIMPROVED SANITATION
Unimproved facilities Unimproved sanitation facilities: do not ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. Unimproved facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines and bucket latrines.
Shared Shared sanitation facilities: Sanitation facilities of an otherwise acceptable type shared between two or more households. Only facilities that are not shared or not public are considered improved.
Improved IMPROVED SANITATION
Improved sanitation facilities: are likely to ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. They include the following facilities: • Flush/pour flush to: - piped sewer system - septic tank - pit latrine • Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine • Pit latrine with slab • Composting toilet
SANITATION LADDER
THE JMP METHOD The JMP is tasked with providing estimates that are comparable among countries and across time. Because definitions of “improved” sanitation facilities and drinking-water sources can vary widely among countries, the JMP has established a standard set of categories that are used to analyse national data on which the MDG trends and estimates are based (see page margins for the categories and definitions of access to drinking-water and sanitation). The population data used in this report, including the proportion of the population living in urban and rural areas, are those established by the UN Population Division (World Population Prospects: 2011 Revision). The definitions and data sources used by the JMP are often different from those used by national governments. Estimates in this report may therefore differ from national estimates. According to the JMP, an improved drinking-water source is one that, by the nature of its construction, adequately protects the source from outside contamination, particularly faecal matter. An improved sanitation facility is one that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. The coverage estimates for improved sanitation facilities presented in this report are discounted by the proportion of the population that shared an improved type of sanitation facility. The percentage of the population that shares a sanitation facility of an otherwise improved type is subtracted from the trend estimates of improved sanitation facilities. This is derived from the average of data from household surveys or censuses with such a ratio. For each country, the JMP estimates are based on fitting a regression1 line to a series of data points from household surveys and censuses. Because the regression involves retrofitting the entire time series, estimates may differ from and may not be comparable to earlier estimates for the same reference year (including the 1990 baseline year). This is a result of adding newly available data and filling in missing data
1
for past years. Questions are often raised about the appropriateness of using a linear trend line. It can be argued that other types of curve-fitting procedures might better reflect the progression of coverage over time. However, the paucity of data points in many countries makes the use of more complex procedures inconsistent with good statistical practice. When MDG monitoring commenced, linear regression was deemed the best method for the limited amount of often poorly comparable data on file (some countries had as few as two data points for many years), especially given the relatively short time frame of the MDGs – 25 years is only a fraction of the time needed to go from no access to full coverage. Unfortunately, the current use of linear regression to derive estimates does not allow rapid changes in coverage to be captured. The increased availability of comparable data now allows for the exploration of more sophisticated modelling in preparation for a new, post-2015 drinking-water target. Since the publication of the JMP 2012 progress report, 230 datasets from 117 countries have been added to the JMP database (see map on page 13). The new estimates are based on almost 1700 datasets, nearly double the number of datasets on file five years ago. The JMP has benefited from the increased availability of household survey data on web sites of national statistics offices as well as from the survey repository of the International Household Survey Network hosted by the World Bank. Collaboration with the Secretariat of the Pacific Community resulted in an additional 20 datasets for the countries in Oceania, a region for which the JMP previously had few data. In total, 59 datasets from countries in Oceania were added to the JMP database, significantly increasing the robustness of estimates for that region. The table on page 13 gives a breakdown by region of the data added since the publication of the 2012 report, for the periods before and after the year 2000.
Simple linear regression is used to estimate the proportion of the population using the following drinking-water sources: - Piped supplies on premises - Improved drinking-water sources - Surface water and sanitation facilities: - Improved types of sanitation facilities (including shared facilities of an improved type) - Open defecation The remaining population uses unimproved drinking-water sources and unimproved sanitation facilities, respectively. For communication purposes in its report, the JMP displays these proportions as rounded integers, which together add to 100% for drinking-water and sanitation, respectively. For its database on the JMP web site (www.wssinfo.org), we use unrounded estimates to achieve greater accuracy when converting coverage estimates into numbers of people with or without access. Any “apparent” discrepancies between the published estimates and those derived from the JMP web site are due to the published estimates appearing rounded to the nearest integer.
12
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
The JMP 2013 report includes new data for 117 countries
Surface water
Unimproved sources Unimproved drinking-water sources: Unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, cart with small tank/drum, surface water, bottled water.
UNIMPROVED DRINKING-WATER
Surface drinking-water sources: river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation channels.
Other improved
Data added for the 2013 update
No data added
Not applicable
Figure 10. Countries where new data were added since the 2012 report.
Piped water on premises
Table 2. New datasets added to the JMP database since the publication of the JMP 2012 progress report. Number of pre-2000 datasets
Number of 2000–2007 datasets
Number of post-2007 datasets
Western Asia
1
5
3
Sub-Saharan Africa
5
4
33
South-eastern Asia
2
1
6
Region
Southern Asia
0
3
9
Oceania
16
27
16
Northern Africa
0
0
1
Latin America and the Caribbean
15
28
32
Caucasus and Central Asia
2
1
3
Eastern Asia
0
0
0
Developed countries
0
10
7
Total
41
79
110
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Piped water on premises: Piped household water connection located inside the user’s dwelling, plot or yard.
IMPROVED DRINKING-WATER
Other improved drinkingwater sources: Public taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs, rainwater collection.
DRINKING-WATER LADDER
13
Country, regional and global estimates1 on sanitation and drinking-water
Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium
Open defecation
Australia
Unimproved
Aruba
Shared
Armenia
Improved
Argentina
Open defecation
Antigua and Barbuda
Unimproved
Anguilla
Shared
Angola
Improved
Andorra
Open defecation
American Samoa
13 032 22 856 32 358 3 289 3 072 3 216 25 299 30 534 35 980 47 58 70 53 65 86 10 335 13 926 19 618 8 11 16 62 78 90 32 642 36 931 40 765 3 545 3 076 3 100 62 90 108 17 096 19 164 22 606 7 671 8 005 8 413 7 212 8 111 9 306 256 298 347 493 638 1 324 105 256 129 592 150 494 260 268 274 10 260 10 058 9 559 9 949 10 176 10 754
Unimproved
Algeria
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
NATIONAL
Shared
Albania
Population (x 1000)
Unimproved
Improved
Afghanistan
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Percentage urban population
Country, area or territory
URBAN
18 21 24 36 42 53 52 61 73 81 89 93 95 92 87 37 49 59 100 100 100 35 32 30 87 90 93 67 65 64 50 47 47 85 87 89 66 66 68 54 51 54 80 82 84 88 88 89 20 24 28 33 38 44 66 70 75 96 97 97
– 32 46 93 94 95 99 99 98 – – – 100 100 100 67 75 86 – 92 98 – – – 89 93 96 95 96 96 – – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 73 86 – – – – – – 54 55 55 – – – 91 91 92 100 100 100
– 14 20 4 4 4 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 2 2 2 3 3 3 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 9 11 – – – – – – 29 30 30 – – – 8 8 8 0 0 0
– 43 34 3 2 1 1 0 1 – – – 0 0 0 0 2 11 – 6 0 – – – 9 5 2 2 1 1 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 18 3 – – – – – – 10 10 13 – – – 1 1 0 0 0 0
– 11 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 – – – 0 0 0 33 23 3 – 2 2 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – – – – 7 5 2 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0
– 21 23 74 81 93 77 82 88 – – – 100 100 100 7 11 19 NA NA NA – – – 68 83 98 – 77 81 – – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 50 78 – – – – – – 34 42 55 – – – 96 96 97 100 100 100
– 7 8 5 6 7 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – NA NA NA – – – 1 1 2 – 3 3 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 2 3 – – – – – – 16 20 26 – – – 2 2 2 0 0 0
– 40 48 21 13 0 8 4 2 – – – 0 0 0 21 22 22 NA NA NA – – – 31 16 0 – 20 16 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 48 18 – – – – – – 12 14 14 – – – 2 2 1 0 0 0
– 32 21 0 0 0 15 14 10 – – – 0 0 0 72 67 59 NA NA NA – – – 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 1 – – – – – – 38 24 5 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0
– 23 28 81 86 94 89 92 95 97 97 97 100 100 100 29 42 59 – 92 98 75 85 91 87 92 96 – 89 90 99 98 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 62 82 – 88 – 99 99 99 38 45 55 82 90 – 93 93 93 100 100 100
– 9 11 5 5 5 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 2 2 2 – 3 3 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 6 7 – 5 – – – – 19 23 27 – – – 6 7 7 0 0 0
– 40 45 14 9 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 0 0 0 14 12 15 – 6 0 20 13 9 11 6 2 – 8 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 32 11 – 6 – 1 1 1 11 13 14 18 9 – 1 0 0 0 0 0
– 28 16 0 0 0 8 6 3 – – – 0 0 0 57 46 26 – 2 2 5 2 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 – 1 – 0 0 0 32 19 4 0 1 – 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unimproved
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
16 14 24 23 25 37 41 30 20 NA* 25 20 6 34 – 57 23 – NA* 6
“NA” represents data not applicable. A dash (–) represents data not available at the time of publication. * Shown as NA for countries with a declining population over the period 1995–2011.
1
14
For communication purposes in its report, the JMP displays these proportions as rounded integers, which together add to 100% for drinking-water and sanitation, respectively. For its database on the JMP web site (www.wssinfo.org), we use unrounded estimates to achieve greater accuracy when converting coverage estimates into numbers of people with or without access. Any “apparent” discrepancies between the published estimates and those derived from the JMP web site are due to the published estimates appearing rounded to the nearest integer.
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium
Surface water
Azerbaijan
Unimproved
Austria
Other improved
Australia
Piped on premises
Aruba
Total improved
Armenia
Surface water
Argentina
Unimproved
Antigua and Barbuda
Other improved
Anguilla
Piped on premises
Angola
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
Andorra
Year Surface water
American Samoa
Unimproved
Unimproved
Algeria
Improved
Other improved
Albania
NATIONAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Afghanistan
Improved
Total improved
Country, area or territory
RURAL Unimproved
– 36 85 100 100 95 100 93 85 – – – 100 100 100 43 52 66 – 93 95 – – – 97 98 100 98 99 100 – – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 88 88 88 – – – – – – 87 86 85 – – – 100 100 100 100 100 100
3 10 27 96 95 91 87 84 80 – – – 100 100 100 16 23 33 – 58 – – – – 74 86 99 95 96 98 – – – – – – 100 100 100 67 72 78 – – – – – – 24 27 31 – – – – 90 95 100 100 100
– 26 58 4 5 4 13 9 5 – – – 0 0 0 27 29 33 – 35 – – – – 23 12 1 3 3 2 – – – – – – 0 0 0 21 16 10 – – – – – – 63 59 54 – – – – 10 5 0 0 0
– 54 11 0 0 5 0 7 15 – – – 0 0 0 44 36 31 – 7 5 – – – 3 2 0 2 1 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 10 – – – – – – 13 14 14 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0
– 10 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 13 12 3 – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 – – – – – – 0 0 1 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 18 53 95 95 94 88 84 79 – – – 100 100 100 42 39 35 NA NA NA – – – 69 81 95 – 82 98 – – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 49 59 71 – – – – – – 74 77 82 – – – 99 99 99 100 100 100
0 0 4 – 44 71 48 52 56 – – – 100 100 100 1 1 1 NA NA NA – – – 13 50 90 52 68 91 – – – – – – 100 100 100 17 18 20 – – – – – – 0 0 1 – – – – 31 79 96 99 100
3 18 49 – 51 23 40 32 23 – – – 0 0 0 41 38 34 NA NA NA – – – 56 31 5 – 14 7 – – – – – – 0 0 0 32 41 51 – – – – – – 74 77 81 – – – – 68 20 4 1 0
49 45 34 3 3 6 10 15 20 – – – 0 0 0 28 24 15 NA NA NA – – – 18 12 0 – 18 2 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 24 13 – – – – – – 22 20 16 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0
48 37 13 2 2 0 2 1 1 – – – 0 0 0 30 37 50 NA NA NA – – – 13 7 5 – 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 17 16 – – – – – – 4 3 2 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0
– 22 61 97 97 95 94 89 84 94 100 100 100 100 100 42 46 53 – 93 95 97 98 98 93 97 99 – 93 99 91 94 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 74 80 – 96 96 95 99 100 76 79 83 95 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1 2 9 – 65 82 69 72 74 65 79 81 100 100 100 6 12 20 – 58 – 61 76 86 66 82 98 81 86 96 90 91 93 – – – 100 100 100 44 46 51 – 93 – 39 92 100 5 7 10 94 96 97 – 72 91 100 100 100
– 20 52 – 32 13 25 17 10 29 21 19 0 0 0 36 34 33 – 35 – 36 22 12 27 15 1 – 7 3 1 3 5 – – – 0 0 0 26 28 29 – 3 – 56 7 0 71 72 73 1 3 3 – 28 9 0 0 0
– 47 28 2 2 5 5 11 16 6 0 0 0 0 0 34 29 25 – 7 5 3 2 2 5 2 1 – 7 1 9 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 17 12 – 4 4 5 1 0 21 19 16 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
– 31 11 1 1 0 1 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 0 24 25 22 – – – – – – 2 1 0 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 8 – – – – – 0 3 2 1 – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
58 0 11 26 25 27 36 23 18 5 29 20 6
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
21 19 59 23 6 NA* 6
“NA” represents data not applicable. A dash (–) represents data not available at the time of publication. * Shown as NA for countries with a declining population over the period 1995–2011.
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
15
Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China
16
47 48 45 34 38 45 100 100 100 16 25 36 56 62 67 39 43 48 42 53 62 74 81 85 38 39 41 66 71 76 66 69 73 14 18 27 6 8 11 16 19 20 40 46 52 77 79 81 44 53 63 100 100 100 37 38 39 21 22 22 83 86 89 26 36 51
76 85 93 14 19 25 – – – – 66 74 41 49 57 98 98 100 61 70 78 79 83 87 – – – – – – 100 100 100 44 47 50 33 38 45 36 50 76 63 61 58 100 100 100 – 61 74 96 96 96 21 32 43 21 26 31 91 95 100 48 61 74
6 6 7 20 28 37 – – – – 19 21 20 24 28 0 0 0 5 6 6 1 1 1 – – – – – – 0 0 0 32 33 36 26 31 36 5 7 10 20 19 18 0 0 0 – – – – – – 12 18 24 12 15 18 – – – 15 20 24
14 7 0 14 13 11 – – – – 10 5 14 11 10 1 2 0 23 18 16 14 13 11 – – – – – – 0 0 0 13 10 5 40 30 17 9 6 1 15 19 23 0 0 0 – 12 8 4 4 4 57 44 30 42 39 37 5 2 0 34 18 2
4 2 0 52 40 27 – – – – 5 0 25 16 5 1 0 0 11 6 0 6 3 1 – – – – – – 0 0 0 11 10 9 1 1 2 50 37 13 2 1 1 0 0 0 – 27 18 – – – 10 6 3 25 20 14 4 3 0 3 1 0
76 81 87 0 3 5 NA NA NA – 30 29 12 18 24 – 93 92 22 32 42 31 39 48 – – – – – – 99 99 100 2 4 6 42 46 51 3 10 22 37 37 36 99 99 99 – 25 45 NA NA NA 5 16 28 4 5 6 53 70 89 15 35 56
6 6 7 1 6 12 NA NA NA – 28 28 3 4 5 – 1 1 6 8 11 1 1 1 – – – – – – 0 0 0 3 6 9 5 5 6 1 2 5 8 8 8 – – – – – – NA NA NA 2 8 14 1 1 1 – – – 4 9 14
9 7 3 3 4 7 NA NA NA – 30 38 13 16 22 – 5 7 20 17 12 20 26 33 – – – – – – 1 1 0 6 7 10 50 46 40 6 6 4 38 40 44 1 1 1 – 17 13 NA NA NA 44 36 27 2 7 13 41 26 9 72 51 28
9 6 3 96 87 76 NA NA NA – 12 5 72 62 49 – 1 0 52 43 35 48 34 18 – – – – – – 0 0 0 89 83 75 3 3 3 90 82 69 17 15 12 – – – – 58 42 NA NA NA 49 40 31 93 87 80 6 4 2 9 5 2
76 83 90 5 9 14 – – – – 39 45 28 37 46 – 95 96 39 52 64 67 75 81 98 98 98 – – – 99 100 100 8 12 18 42 46 50 9 18 33 47 48 48 100 100 100 – 44 63 96 96 96 11 22 34 8 10 12 85 92 99 24 45 65
6 6 7 7 15 23 – – – – 26 26 12 16 20 – 1 0 5 7 8 1 1 1 – – – – – – 0 0 0 7 11 16 6 7 9 1 3 6 13 13 13 – – – – – – – – – 6 12 18 3 4 5 – – – 7 13 19
11 7 2 8 7 9 – – – – 24 26 14 13 15 – 3 4 21 18 15 15 15 14 1 1 1 – – – 1 0 0 7 7 8 49 44 38 6 5 3 29 30 33 0 0 0 – 15 10 4 4 4 49 39 28 10 14 18 10 5 1 62 38 15
7 4 1 80 69 54 – – – – 11 3 46 34 19 – 1 0 35 23 13 17 9 4 1 1 1 – – – 0 0 0 78 70 58 3 3 3 84 74 58 11 9 6 0 0 0 – 41 27 – – – 34 27 20 79 72 65 5 3 0 7 4 1
Unimproved
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
Open defecation
Bulgaria
Unimproved
Brunei Darussalam
Shared
British Virgin Islands
Improved
Brazil
Open defecation
Botswana
Unimproved
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Shared
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Improved
Bhutan
190 251 318 4 773 6 518 9 100 60 63 65 559 571 738 6 658 8 307 10 088 4 308 3 694 3 752 1 382 1 758 2 031 149 650 174 425 196 655 16 20 23 252 327 406 8 819 8 006 7 446 9 324 12 294 16 968 5 602 6 374 8 575 9 532 12 447 14 305 12 181 15 678 20 030 27 701 30 667 34 350 348 437 501 26 40 57 2 935 3 702 4 487 6 011 8 222 11 525 13 188 15 420 17 270 1 145 195 1 269 117 1 347 565
Open defecation
Bermuda
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
NATIONAL
Unimproved
Benin
Population (x 1000)
Unimproved
Shared
Belize
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Improved
Country, area or territory
URBAN
Percentage urban population
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
35 10 – – 22 11 28 23 21 – NA* 12 19 25 15 15 34 41 23 6 25 34
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China
Surface water
Cambodia
Unimproved
Burundi
Other improved
Burkina Faso
Piped on premises
Bulgaria
Total improved
Brunei Darussalam
Surface water
British Virgin Islands
Unimproved
Brazil
Other improved
Botswana
Piped on premises
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Year Surface water
Bhutan
Unimproved
Unimproved
Bermuda
Improved
Other improved
Benin
NATIONAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Belize
Improved
Total improved
Country, area or territory
RURAL Unimproved
88 92 97 72 78 85 – – – 99 99 100 91 93 96 99 99 100 100 99 99 96 98 100 – – – – – – 100 100 100 75 85 96 97 90 82 48 63 90 76 86 95 100 100 100 – 84 91 – 93 96 78 85 92 49 60 71 99 99 100 97 98 98
74 80 86 16 23 32 – – – – 81 81 79 87 95 96 96 94 39 64 90 92 94 96 – – – – – – 96 97 98 11 18 26 32 39 46 16 33 65 23 25 26 100 100 100 – 42 59 – 73 87 8 7 6 7 15 24 97 98 99 92 93 95
14 12 11 56 55 53 – – – – 18 19 12 6 1 3 3 6 61 35 9 4 4 4 – – – – – – 4 3 2 64 67 70 65 51 36 32 30 25 53 61 69 0 0 0 – 42 32 – 20 9 70 78 86 42 45 47 2 1 1 5 5 3
12 8 2 19 17 13 – – – 0 0 0 8 6 4 1 1 0 0 1 1 4 2 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 24 15 4 1 7 13 30 22 7 11 8 4 0 0 0 – 16 9 – 7 4 20 14 7 48 38 29 1 1 0 2 1 2
0 0 1 9 5 2 – – – 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 3 5 22 15 3 13 6 1 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – 2 1 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
59 79 100 49 59 69 NA NA NA – 82 96 41 56 72 96 96 98 86 90 93 68 76 84 – – – – – – 100 99 99 39 55 74 68 70 73 28 40 61 31 42 52 99 99 99 – 81 86 NA NA NA 47 49 51 37 41 44 47 67 90 56 70 85
20 44 69 0 2 4 NA NA NA – 45 44 12 33 57 – 77 71 10 24 38 39 51 65 – – – – – – 67 77 92 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 5 2 2 3 – 38 – 0 8 43 NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 1 29 42 56 12 28 45
39 35 31 49 57 65 NA NA NA – 37 52 29 23 15 – 19 27 76 66 55 29 25 19 – – – – – – 33 22 7 39 55 74 67 69 72 28 38 56 29 40 49 – 61 – – 73 43 NA NA NA 47 49 51 37 41 43 18 25 34 44 42 40
30 15 0 22 23 25 NA NA NA – 4 0 19 12 5 4 4 2 6 4 3 18 15 12 – – – – – – 0 0 0 51 37 21 23 18 12 36 31 21 17 18 18 1 1 1 – 18 14 NA NA NA 34 38 43 47 49 52 40 16 10 34 24 13
11 6 0 29 18 6 NA NA NA – 14 4 40 32 23 0 0 0 8 6 4 14 9 4 – – – – – – 0 1 1 10 8 5 9 12 15 36 29 18 52 40 30 – – – – 1 0 NA NA NA 19 13 6 16 10 4 13 17 – 10 6 2
73 85 99 57 66 76 – – – – 86 97 69 79 88 97 98 99 92 95 97 88 93 97 – 95 – – – – 100 100 99 44 60 80 69 72 74 31 44 67 49 62 74 100 100 100 – 83 89 – 93 96 58 63 67 40 45 50 90 95 98 67 80 92
46 61 77 5 10 16 – – – – 54 57 49 66 83 – 85 82 22 46 70 78 86 92 – 75 – – – – 86 91 97 2 3 7 3 4 6 2 8 17 10 12 15 – 87 – – 26 53 – 73 87 3 3 3 2 4 6 86 90 95 33 52 70
27 24 22 52 56 60 – – – – 32 40 20 13 5 – 13 17 70 49 27 10 7 5 – 20 – – – – 14 9 2 42 57 73 66 68 68 29 36 50 39 50 59 – 13 – – 57 36 – 20 9 55 60 64 38 41 44 4 5 3 34 28 22
21 12 1 21 21 20 – – – – 3 1 12 8 4 3 2 1 3 2 1 8 5 2 – 5 – – – – 0 0 1 48 34 16 23 17 12 35 29 18 14 13 12 0 0 0 – 16 11 – 7 4 29 29 29 46 46 47 8 2 2 26 16 7
6 3 0 22 13 4 – – – – 11 2 19 13 8 0 0 0 5 3 2 4 2 1 – – – – – – 0 0 0 8 6 4 8 11 14 34 27 15 37 25 14 0 0 0 – 1 0 – – – 13 8 4 14 9 3 2 3 – 7 4 1
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
44 38 – – 33 12 24 22 – – NA* 48 24
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
41 36 15 25 42 23 24 21 25
17
Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia
18
68 72 75 28 28 28 54 59 64 58 65 74 51 59 65 39 44 51 54 56 58 73 76 75 67 69 70 75 74 73 58 59 60 28 29 34 85 85 87 76 77 77 68 67 67 55 62 70 55 60 67 43 43 43 49 59 65 35 39 39 16 18 21 71 69 69
79 81 82 34 42 – – 21 19 – – – 93 94 95 38 37 36 99 99 99 86 90 94 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 65 88 32 31 29 100 100 100 69 71 73 – 80 – 82 84 86 86 91 96 91 95 97 70 75 79 – 92 – 58 54 – 96 96 100
14 14 15 2 2 – – 42 39 – – – 4 4 4 25 24 23 1 1 1 4 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 5 6 27 26 25 0 0 0 5 5 6 – – – 10 11 11 2 3 3 3 3 3 8 8 9 – – – – – – 4 4 –
3 2 1 64 56 – – 35 39 – – – 2 1 1 31 33 35 0 0 0 9 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 30 6 36 39 45 0 0 0 16 17 19 – 2 – 5 2 1 5 2 0 5 1 0 18 14 10 – 8 – 10 8 – 0 0 0
4 3 2 0 0 – – 2 3 – – – 1 1 0 6 6 6 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 5 4 1 0 0 0 10 7 2 – 18 – 3 3 2 7 4 1 1 1 0 4 3 2 – – – 32 38 – 0 0 0
40 52 65 11 23 – – 18 15 – – – 83 87 92 8 10 11 98 98 98 68 77 87 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 55 73 11 19 31 100 100 100 39 33 22 – 84 – 61 67 74 49 67 86 57 79 93 31 42 53 – 87 – 0 2 4 94 94 94
4 5 6 1 2 – – 30 25 – – – 4 4 4 8 10 12 1 1 1 5 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 2 3 5 8 13 0 0 0 5 4 3 – – – 11 13 14 2 3 4 4 5 7 3 4 5 – – – – – – 6 6 6
13 12 11 88 74 – – 34 43 – – – 9 7 4 28 27 27 0 0 0 22 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 43 24 61 55 43 0 0 0 6 12 21 – 2 – 8 7 5 11 5 0 22 9 0 32 32 33 – 13 – 0 1 0 0 0 0
43 31 18 0 1 – – 18 17 – – – 4 2 0 56 53 50 1 1 1 5 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 23 18 13 0 0 0 50 51 54 – 14 – 20 13 7 38 25 10 17 7 0 34 22 9 – – – 100 97 96 0 0 0
67 73 78 18 28 – – 20 18 100 100 95 88 91 94 20 22 24 98 98 98 81 87 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 61 82 17 23 31 100 100 100 62 62 61 – 81 – 73 78 82 69 81 93 72 86 95 50 61 70 – 89 – 9 11 – 96 95 100
11 12 13 1 2 – – 37 34 – – – 4 4 4 15 16 18 1 1 1 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 3 5 11 13 17 0 0 0 5 5 5 – – – 11 11 12 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 7 8 – – – – – – 4 4 –
6 5 3 81 69 – – 34 40 0 0 4 6 4 2 29 30 31 1 1 1 12 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 36 13 54 50 43 0 0 0 14 16 20 – 2 – 6 4 3 8 3 0 14 6 0 26 22 18 – 11 – 2 2 – 0 1 0
16 10 6 0 1 – – 9 8 0 0 1 2 1 0 36 32 27 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 18 14 9 0 0 0 19 17 14 – 17 – 10 7 3 21 13 4 10 4 0 19 10 4 – – – 89 87 – 0 0 0
Unimproved
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
Open defecation
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Unimproved
Czech Republic
Shared
Cyprus
Improved
Cuba
Open defecation
Croatia
Unimproved
Côte d'Ivoire
Shared
Costa Rica
Improved
Cook Islands
33 203 39 764 46 927 438 562 754 2 389 3 136 4 140 18 18 20 3 070 3 919 4 727 12 518 16 582 20 153 4 517 4 506 4 396 10 570 11 104 11 254 767 943 1 117 10 303 10 243 10 534 20 143 22 894 24 451 36 406 49 626 67 758 5 141 5 340 5 573 562 732 906 71 70 68 7 195 8 592 10 056 10 261 12 345 14 666 56 843 67 648 82 537 5 333 5 940 6 227 374 520 720 3 158 3 668 5 415 1 568 1 371 1 341
Open defecation
Congo
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
NATIONAL
Unimproved
Comoros
Population (x 1000)
Unimproved
Shared
Colombia
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Improved
Country, area or territory
URBAN
Percentage urban population
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
24 – – 5 28 9 NA* 11 23 2 34 19 6 18 – 23 34 36 19 – – NA*
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia
Surface water
Djibouti
Unimproved
Denmark
Other improved
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Piped on premises
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Total improved
Czech Republic
Surface water
Cyprus
Unimproved
Cuba
Other improved
Croatia
Piped on premises
Côte d'Ivoire
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
Costa Rica
Year Surface water
Cook Islands
Unimproved
Unimproved
Congo
Improved
Other improved
Comoros
NATIONAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Colombia
Improved
Total improved
Country, area or territory
RURAL Unimproved
97 98 100 98 93 – 95 95 95 – – – 99 99 100 90 91 91 100 100 100 94 95 96 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 88 85 80 100 100 100 81 88 100 96 96 96 99 91 82 83 89 96 96 98 100 92 93 94 – 66 – 62 70 – 99 99 99
96 96 97 31 45 – – 46 35 – – – 93 97 100 50 57 64 96 96 96 77 80 83 100 100 100 97 97 97 – 81 94 49 38 22 100 100 100 67 73 79 – 78 – 95 85 75 69 81 95 90 95 100 69 77 85 – 10 – 40 42 – 92 95 97
1 2 3 67 48 – – 49 60 – – – 6 2 0 40 34 27 4 4 4 17 15 13 0 0 0 3 3 3 – 19 5 39 47 58 0 0 0 14 15 21 – 18 – 4 6 7 14 8 1 6 3 0 23 16 9 – 56 – 22 28 – 7 4 2
3 2 0 1 6 – 4 4 5 – – – 1 1 0 10 9 8 0 0 0 6 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 13 17 0 0 0 19 12 0 4 4 4 1 9 18 16 10 4 4 2 0 7 7 6 – 26 – 37 30 – 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 – 1 1 0 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 – 8 – 1 0 – 0 0 0
70 71 72 83 92 97 – 36 32 – – – 87 89 91 67 67 68 97 97 97 – 77 86 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 97 26 27 29 100 100 100 56 60 67 – 92 – 77 79 81 69 75 82 90 95 99 57 69 81 – 42 – 39 50 – 97 97 97
58 60 61 10 17 – 4 4 2 – – – 73 80 88 5 10 16 – 77 – – 45 57 100 100 100 – 91 – – 72 80 1 1 1 100 100 100 13 11 9 – 49 – 47 49 50 34 50 68 39 66 93 16 32 48 1 1 1 0 0 0 51 65 –
12 11 11 73 75 – – 32 30 – – – 14 9 3 62 57 52 – 20 – – 32 29 0 0 0 – 9 – – 27 17 25 26 28 0 0 0 43 49 58 – 43 – 30 30 31 35 25 14 51 29 6 41 37 33 – 41 – 39 50 – 46 32 –
13 10 6 7 5 3 – 52 37 – – – 5 4 4 17 23 28 2 2 2 – 21 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 43 47 0 0 0 38 34 32 – 8 – 11 14 16 13 9 4 7 4 1 35 26 18 – 5 – 34 37 – 3 3 3
17 19 22 10 3 0 – 12 31 – – – 8 7 5 16 10 4 1 1 1 – 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 33 30 24 0 0 0 6 6 1 – – – 12 7 3 18 16 14 3 1 0 8 5 1 – 53 – 27 13 – 0 0 0
88 91 93 87 92 – – 71 72 100 100 100 93 95 96 76 78 80 98 98 99 – 91 94 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 43 44 46 100 100 100 75 82 92 – 94 – 89 86 82 76 84 92 93 96 99 74 83 90 – 51 – 43 54 – 99 99 99
84 86 88 16 25 – – 28 23 – 72 72 83 90 96 23 31 40 – 87 – – 71 76 100 100 100 – 95 – – 77 89 14 12 8 100 100 100 54 58 63 – 68 – 74 71 67 53 69 86 61 78 96 42 59 72 – 4 – 6 7 – 80 86 –
4 5 5 71 67 – – 43 49 – 28 28 10 5 0 53 47 40 – 11 – – 20 18 0 0 0 – 5 – – 23 9 29 32 38 0 0 0 21 24 29 – 26 – 15 15 15 23 15 6 32 18 3 32 24 18 – 47 – 37 47 – 19 13 –
6 3 2 6 6 – – 23 17 0 0 0 3 2 2 14 16 18 2 2 1 – 8 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 35 37 0 0 0 23 16 8 – 6 – 5 11 17 15 9 3 5 3 1 22 15 9 – 13 – 34 35 – 1 1 1
6 6 5 7 2 – – 6 11 0 0 0 4 3 2 10 6 2 0 0 0 – 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 24 21 17 0 0 0 2 2 0 – – – 6 3 1 9 7 5 2 1 0 4 2 1 – 36 – 23 11 – 0 0 0
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
23 – – 10 27 24 NA* 7 23 2 9 18 6
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
40 – 13 30 28 17 – – NA*
19
Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea–Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras
20
13 15 17 42 48 52 79 82 84 74 77 86 75 75 76 56 52 51 69 80 86 38 49 57 55 53 53 73 73 74 36 44 52 59 60 61 80 82 85 33 36 39 99 98 98 91 93 93 41 45 50 28 31 35 28 36 44 30 29 28 29 36 53 40 45 52
19 22 27 85 89 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 87 95 – – – – 37 33 – 67 70 97 96 96 100 100 100 12 15 19 100 99 99 100 100 100 – – – – 94 97 – – – 81 85 88 19 26 32 – 27 33 – 86 88 37 36 34 71 78 86
28 34 42 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 40 36 – 24 25 3 3 3 0 0 0 45 59 72 0 – – 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 9 9 10 23 32 40 – 22 28 – 8 8 39 38 36 6 7 8
12 17 23 10 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 13 5 – – – – 21 30 – 8 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 32 17 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 – – – – 6 3 – – – 5 3 0 52 39 27 – 47 37 – 5 4 11 15 22 14 10 5
41 27 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 2 1 – 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 5 3 2 6 3 1 – 4 2 – 1 0 13 11 8 9 5 1
0 6 19 37 61 82 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 60 76 – – – – 30 30 – 60 65 96 94 91 100 100 100 3 6 8 93 96 97 100 100 100 – – – – – 90 – – – 49 60 72 6 9 11 – 4 8 – 76 82 14 16 17 34 53 74
0 2 6 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 24 25 – 14 15 1 1 1 0 0 0 19 32 44 – – – 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 4 5 6 4 5 6 – 2 4 – 8 9 9 10 12 1 2 2
0 7 22 52 32 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 40 24 – – – – 41 43 – 18 15 1 3 6 0 0 0 49 31 16 0 0 1 0 0 0 – – – – – 10 – – – 13 13 12 35 44 53 – 41 45 – 15 8 13 19 30 16 12 9
100 85 53 9 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 5 2 – 8 5 2 2 2 0 0 0 29 31 32 7 4 2 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 34 22 10 55 42 30 – 53 43 – 1 1 64 55 41 49 33 15
2 8 21 57 74 87 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 80 90 99 98 97 – 36 33 – 63 68 96 95 93 100 100 100 6 10 13 97 98 99 100 100 100 – 92 – – – 97 97 97 97 62 71 80 10 14 18 – 12 19 – 79 84 21 23 26 49 65 81
4 7 12 3 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 37 34 – 19 21 2 2 2 0 0 0 29 44 59 – – – 0 0 0 – 8 – – – – – – – 6 7 8 9 13 18 – 9 15 – 8 9 18 20 24 3 4 5
1 8 22 35 20 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 20 10 0 0 1 – 24 32 – 13 9 1 2 4 0 0 0 42 25 10 1 1 0 0 0 0 – 0 – – – 3 3 3 3 10 8 6 40 43 44 – 43 42 – 12 6 11 18 27 15 11 7
93 77 45 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 1 2 2 – 3 1 – 5 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 23 21 18 2 1 1 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 22 14 6 41 30 20 – 36 25 – 1 1 50 39 23 33 20 7
Unimproved
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
Open defecation
Ghana
Unimproved
Germany
Shared
Georgia
Improved
Gambia
Open defecation
Gabon
Unimproved
French Polynesia
Shared
French Guiana
Improved
France
48 333 65 578 84 734 728 812 868 4 986 5 173 5 385 56 708 59 048 63 126 117 165 237 195 238 274 929 1 235 1 534 966 1 297 1 776 5 460 4 746 4 329 79 098 82 349 82 163 14 793 19 165 24 966 10 161 10 987 11 390 56 56 57 96 102 105 386 427 463 134 155 182 8 923 11 237 14 757 5 759 8 344 10 222 1 017 1 241 1 547 725 733 756 7 125 8 645 10 124 4 889 6 218 7 755
Open defecation
Finland
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
NATIONAL
Unimproved
Fiji
Population (x 1000)
Unimproved
Shared
Ethiopia
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Improved
Country, area or territory
URBAN
Percentage urban population
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
19 28 5 8 46 19 7 29 NA* 0 8 7 3 – – 20 35 10 11 9 9 40
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras
Surface water
Grenada
Unimproved
Greenland
Other improved
Greece
Piped on premises
Ghana
Total improved
Germany
Surface water
Georgia
Unimproved
Gambia
Other improved
Gabon
Piped on premises
French Polynesia
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
French Guiana
Year Surface water
France
Unimproved
Unimproved
Finland
Improved
Other improved
Fiji
NATIONAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Ethiopia
Improved
Total improved
Country, area or territory
RURAL Unimproved
80 87 97 94 97 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 89 95 – – – – 95 95 86 90 92 95 97 100 100 100 100 83 88 92 99 100 100 100 100 100 – – – 98 98 99 – – – 91 95 99 87 88 90 45 68 94 – 94 98 88 84 77 92 94 96
9 26 49 92 94 96 96 99 100 100 100 100 – – 89 – – – – 52 49 25 40 51 80 86 96 100 100 100 41 37 32 99 100 100 100 100 100 – – – 98 98 99 – – – 68 83 98 21 25 29 14 13 11 – 74 80 26 22 15 84 90 96
71 61 48 2 3 4 4 1 0 0 0 0 – – 6 – – – – 43 46 61 50 41 15 11 4 0 0 0 42 51 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 23 12 1 66 63 61 31 55 83 – 20 18 62 62 62 8 4 0
10 7 3 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 11 5 – – – – 3 1 14 10 8 5 3 0 0 0 0 8 8 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 2 2 1 – – – 7 4 1 5 9 10 55 32 5 – 5 2 7 12 22 7 5 4
10 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – – 2 1 0 8 3 0 0 0 1 – 1 0 5 4 1 1 1 0
4 19 39 79 86 92 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 72 75 – – – – 47 41 67 77 85 72 81 96 100 100 100 36 58 80 92 98 99 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 – – – 74 81 89 37 52 65 32 43 54 – 87 93 51 50 48 60 70 81
0 0 1 32 36 40 85 92 96 95 99 100 – – 49 – – – – 8 10 0 3 5 21 34 58 97 99 100 2 3 3 82 95 99 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 – – – 35 53 73 0 0 1 0 0 0 – 56 59 2 3 5 43 60 77
4 19 38 47 50 52 15 8 4 5 1 0 – – 26 – – – – 39 31 67 74 80 51 47 38 3 1 0 34 55 77 10 3 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 39 28 16 37 52 64 32 43 54 – 31 34 49 47 43 17 10 4
40 40 41 17 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 28 25 – – – – 18 13 33 23 15 28 19 4 0 0 0 11 10 9 8 2 1 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 8 7 5 9 15 21 63 53 43 – 7 2 26 33 42 4 8 12
56 41 20 4 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – 35 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 32 11 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 18 12 6 54 33 14 5 4 3 – 6 5 23 17 10 36 22 7
14 29 49 85 91 96 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 85 90 100 100 100 – 85 88 74 83 89 85 89 98 100 100 100 53 71 86 96 99 100 100 100 100 – 94 – 98 98 99 100 99 99 81 87 94 51 63 74 36 52 72 – 89 95 61 62 64 73 81 89
1 4 9 57 64 69 94 98 99 99 100 100 – – 79 98 98 97 – 43 44 10 21 32 53 61 78 99 100 100 17 18 18 92 98 99 100 100 100 – 75 – 98 98 99 99 98 98 49 66 85 6 8 11 4 5 5 – 61 65 9 10 10 60 73 87
13 25 40 28 27 27 6 2 1 1 0 0 – – 11 2 2 3 – 42 44 64 62 57 32 28 20 1 0 0 36 53 68 4 1 1 0 0 0 – 19 – 0 0 0 1 1 1 32 21 9 45 55 63 32 47 67 – 28 30 52 52 54 13 8 2
36 35 34 13 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 15 10 0 0 0 – 6 3 26 17 11 15 11 2 0 0 0 10 9 9 4 1 0 0 0 0 – 6 – 2 2 1 0 1 1 7 6 3 8 13 17 60 45 26 – 7 1 21 26 31 5 7 8
50 36 17 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 20 5 – – 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 12 7 3 41 24 9 4 3 2 – 4 4 18 12 5 22 12 3
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
36 17 5 8 41 21 29 39 NA* 0 44 8 3
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
– 14 20 36 31 40 10 16 34
21
Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia
22
66 65 69 91 92 94 26 28 31 31 42 51 56 64 69 70 68 66 57 59 62 90 91 92 67 67 68 49 52 52 77 79 91 72 80 83 56 56 54 17 20 24 35 43 44 98 98 98 38 35 35 15 22 34 69 68 68 83 86 87 14 20 28 59 44 48
100 100 100 100 100 100 50 54 60 61 67 73 84 91 100 – 84 86 100 100 100 100 100 100 – – – 78 78 78 100 100 100 98 98 98 96 97 97 26 29 31 43 47 51 100 100 100 94 94 94 – 65 87 – 82 – 100 100 100 – 37 32 – 23 30
0 0 0 0 0 0 17 18 20 8 9 10 – – – – 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 20 20 20 0 0 0 2 2 2 3 3 3 40 44 47 9 10 11 – – – 5 5 5 – 4 5 – 13 – – – – – 34 29 – 23 30
0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 7 12 8 3 16 9 0 – 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 31 24 19 4 10 17 0 0 0 1 1 1 – 8 2 – 5 – 0 0 0 – 18 34 – 29 15
0 0 0 0 0 0 28 22 13 19 16 14 0 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 44 33 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 23 6 – 0 – 0 0 0 – 11 5 – 25 25
100 100 100 100 100 100 7 14 24 24 33 44 76 85 99 – 58 80 98 98 98 100 100 100 – – – 81 82 82 100 100 100 95 96 98 97 97 98 24 26 29 20 25 30 100 100 100 – 93 93 – 17 48 – 71 – – 87 – – 22 24 – 3 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 6 8 11 – – – – 6 8 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 14 14 14 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 16 17 19 2 3 3 – – – – 2 2 – 0 1 – 3 – – – – – 3 4 – 8 23
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 6 22 17 10 23 14 0 – 20 10 2 2 2 0 0 0 – – – 4 3 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 38 38 35 14 15 18 0 0 0 – 5 5 – 10 6 – 26 – – 13 – – 22 23 – 9 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 90 79 66 48 42 35 1 1 1 – 16 2 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 2 0 2 1 0 22 19 17 64 57 49 0 0 0 – 0 0 – 73 45 – 0 – – – – – 53 49 – 80 62
100 100 100 100 100 100 18 25 35 35 47 59 81 89 100 – 75 84 99 99 99 100 100 100 – – – 79 80 80 100 100 100 97 98 98 96 97 97 25 27 29 28 34 39 100 100 100 – 93 93 – 28 62 – 79 – – 98 – – 25 26 – 12 18
0 0 0 0 0 0 5 7 9 7 8 10 – – – – 9 10 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 17 17 17 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 20 22 26 5 6 6 – – – – 3 3 – 1 2 – 10 – – – – – 9 11 – 15 26
0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 6 19 14 7 18 10 0 – 11 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 – – – 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 36 35 31 10 13 18 0 0 0 – 4 4 – 9 4 – 11 – – 2 – – 21 26 – 17 12
0 0 0 0 0 0 74 63 50 39 31 24 1 1 0 – 5 1 – – – 0 0 0 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 19 16 14 57 47 37 0 0 0 – 0 0 – 62 32 – 0 – – – – – 45 37 – 56 44
Unimproved
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
Open defecation
Japan
Unimproved
Jamaica
Shared
Italy
Improved
Israel
Open defecation
Ireland
Unimproved
Iraq
Shared
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Improved
Indonesia
10 376 10 211 9 966 255 281 324 873 785 1 053 898 1 241 492 184 346 213 395 242 326 54 871 65 342 74 799 17 374 23 857 32 665 3 531 3 804 4 526 4 500 6 015 7 562 56 832 56 986 60 789 2 365 2 582 2 751 122 251 125 720 126 497 3 416 4 827 6 330 16 530 14 957 16 207 23 447 31 254 41 610 72 84 101 2 088 1 941 2 818 4 395 4 955 5 393 4 192 5 317 6 288 2 664 2 385 2 243 2 948 3 742 4 259 1 639 1 964 2 194 2 127 2 847 4 129
Open defecation
India
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
NATIONAL
Unimproved
Iceland
Population (x 1000)
Unimproved
Shared
Hungary
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Improved
Country, area or territory
URBAN
Percentage urban population
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
NA* 18 19 25 33 39 20 29 – 9 2 31 2 12 16 42 14 46 – – 6 13
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia
Surface water
Kenya
Unimproved
Kazakhstan
Other improved
Jordan
Piped on premises
Japan
Total improved
Jamaica
Surface water
Italy
Unimproved
Israel
Other improved
Ireland
Piped on premises
Iraq
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Year Surface water
Indonesia
Unimproved
Unimproved
India
Improved
Other improved
Iceland
NATIONAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Hungary
Improved
Total improved
Country, area or territory
RURAL Unimproved
98 100 100 100 100 100 89 92 96 90 91 93 98 98 98 95 95 94 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 98 97 100 100 100 99 98 97 99 99 99 92 87 83 74 80 87 99 99 99 97 97 96 – 72 83 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 94 91 – 74 89
94 95 95 100 100 100 48 49 51 25 29 33 96 96 96 95 93 84 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 88 90 91 97 98 99 98 96 93 91 87 82 56 50 45 43 54 65 – – – 75 82 87 – 37 58 – 93 – 100 100 100 25 39 65 3 4 8
4 5 5 0 0 0 41 43 45 65 63 61 2 2 2 0 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 8 6 3 2 1 1 2 4 8 12 17 36 37 38 31 26 22 – – – 22 15 9 – 35 25 – 7 – 0 0 0 70 55 26 – 70 81
2 0 0 0 0 0 10 8 4 9 8 7 2 2 2 3 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 0 0 0 1 2 3 1 1 1 4 9 12 26 20 13 1 1 1 1 2 4 – 23 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 9 – 25 10
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 5 – – – – – – 2 1 0 – 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 1 1
91 98 100 100 100 100 64 76 89 61 68 76 81 84 90 39 49 67 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 89 89 89 100 100 100 91 91 90 92 91 90 33 43 54 36 43 50 99 99 99 – 73 85 – 38 63 96 96 96 100 100 100 78 76 73 – 50 60
72 86 – 100 100 100 7 10 14 2 5 8 67 74 86 29 37 54 99 99 99 98 99 100 96 100 100 35 41 47 86 91 95 86 83 79 28 26 24 10 11 12 16 13 10 – – – 25 31 36 3 4 5 – 59 – – 85 – 2 3 4 1 1 1
19 12 – 0 0 0 57 66 75 59 63 68 14 10 4 10 12 13 1 1 1 2 1 0 4 0 0 54 48 42 14 9 5 5 8 11 64 65 66 23 32 42 20 30 40 – – – – 42 49 – 34 58 – 37 – – 15 – 76 73 69 – 49 59
9 2 0 0 0 0 32 21 10 31 26 20 15 14 10 15 16 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 6 0 0 0 8 8 9 5 6 7 18 17 16 64 57 50 1 1 1 – 4 3 – 29 25 4 4 4 0 0 0 20 23 26 – 27 17
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 8 6 4 4 2 0 46 35 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 5 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 3 49 40 30 – – – – – – – 23 12 – 33 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 – 23 23
96 99 100 100 100 100 70 81 92 70 78 84 91 93 95 78 80 85 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 93 93 93 100 100 100 97 97 96 96 96 95 43 52 61 50 59 66 99 99 99 – 81 89 – 45 70 98 98 98 100 100 100 80 79 78 – 61 74
87 92 – 100 100 100 17 21 25 9 15 21 83 88 93 75 75 74 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 61 66 70 94 97 98 95 93 91 64 60 55 18 19 20 26 31 34 – – – 44 49 54 – 11 24 – 82 – – 98 – 6 10 21 2 2 5
9 7 – 0 0 0 53 60 67 61 63 64 8 5 2 3 5 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 32 27 23 6 3 2 2 4 5 32 36 40 25 33 41 24 28 32 – – – – 32 35 – 34 46 – 16 – – 2 – 74 69 57 – 59 69
4 1 0 0 0 0 27 17 7 24 18 14 7 6 5 7 8 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 5 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 3 3 16 15 15 50 41 34 1 1 1 – 3 3 – 28 22 2 2 2 0 0 0 19 20 21 – 25 13
0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 6 4 2 2 1 0 15 12 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 41 33 24 – – – – – – – 16 8 – 27 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 – 14 13
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
NA* 18 33 24 22 36 20 29 6 10 2 29 0
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
30 25 42 23 39 NA* 19 12 45
23
Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar
24
76 76 78 68 67 67 81 84 85 24 27 33 12 15 16 50 62 73 26 28 41 23 28 35 90 92 95 65 68 72 86 90 89 40 40 41 44 43 42 71 75 78 26 22 23 100 100 100 57 57 69 48 59 63 13 11 14 48 53 57 21 29 31 25 27 33
97 97 97 95 95 95 100 100 100 14 17 19 48 49 50 88 94 96 98 98 97 33 34 35 100 100 100 77 80 84 – 94 94 29 38 51 91 91 92 78 82 87 49 64 83 100 100 100 66 65 64 – 92 92 – – – 81 82 83 35 37 41 – 79 84
– – – – – – 0 0 0 22 26 30 43 44 45 4 4 4 2 2 2 36 37 38 0 0 0 11 12 12 – – – 10 14 18 8 8 8 10 10 11 – – – 0 0 0 32 32 31 – 3 3 – – – 14 14 14 7 7 8 – 12 12
3 3 3 5 5 5 0 0 0 41 36 32 5 4 3 7 1 0 0 0 1 26 25 23 0 0 0 10 6 2 – 6 6 38 28 16 1 1 0 2 3 2 46 31 12 0 0 0 2 3 2 – 5 5 – – – 0 2 3 27 31 38 – 7 3
– – – – – – 0 0 0 23 21 19 4 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 4 4 0 0 0 2 2 2 – – – 23 20 15 0 0 0 10 5 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 3 – 0 0 – – – 5 2 0 31 25 13 – 2 1
96 96 96 – 69 – 100 100 100 6 8 11 37 45 53 81 90 95 58 72 98 10 12 14 100 100 100 41 48 55 – – 73 8 9 9 87 88 90 35 55 77 9 25 47 NA NA NA – 28 29 – 87 87 – – – 27 43 52 2 5 9 – 56 74
– – – – – – 0 0 0 8 12 16 22 26 31 3 4 4 1 1 2 6 7 9 0 0 0 9 11 12 – – – 3 4 4 9 9 9 5 7 10 – – – NA NA NA – 21 22 – 3 3 – – – 3 5 6 0 1 2 – 10 14
4 4 4 – 31 – 0 0 0 23 24 24 7 8 9 7 2 0 10 8 0 47 53 58 0 0 0 29 20 12 – – 27 20 15 11 4 3 1 9 9 8 80 64 42 NA NA NA – 15 23 – 10 10 – – – 2 2 4 23 26 34 – 18 4
– – – – – – 0 0 0 63 56 49 34 21 7 9 4 1 31 19 0 37 28 19 0 0 0 21 21 21 – – – 69 72 76 0 0 0 51 29 5 11 11 11 NA NA NA – 36 26 – 0 0 – – – 68 50 38 75 68 55 – 16 8
97 97 97 – 87 – 100 100 100 8 11 14 39 46 53 84 92 96 68 79 98 15 18 22 100 100 100 65 70 76 – – 92 16 21 27 89 89 91 66 75 85 19 34 55 100 100 100 – 49 53 – 90 90 70 80 – 53 64 70 9 14 19 – 62 77
– – – – – – 0 0 0 12 16 20 24 29 33 4 4 4 1 2 2 13 16 19 0 0 0 10 11 12 – – – 6 8 10 8 8 9 8 10 11 – – – 0 0 0 – 27 28 – 3 3 8 9 – 8 10 11 2 3 4 – 11 13
3 3 3 – 13 – 0 0 0 26 26 27 6 6 8 7 2 0 8 5 0 43 45 45 0 0 0 17 11 5 – – 8 27 20 12 3 3 0 4 4 3 72 56 35 0 0 0 – 8 9 – 7 7 10 7 – 1 2 2 23 28 35 – 15 4
– – – – – – 0 0 0 54 47 39 31 19 6 5 2 0 23 14 0 29 21 14 0 0 0 8 8 7 – – – 51 51 51 0 0 0 22 11 1 9 10 10 0 0 0 – 16 10 – 0 0 12 4 – 38 24 17 66 55 42 – 12 6
Unimproved
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
Open defecation
Martinique
Unimproved
Marshall Islands
Shared
Malta
Improved
Mali
Open defecation
Maldives
Unimproved
Malaysia
Shared
Malawi
Improved
Madagascar
4 334 5 231 6 423 3 696 3 500 3 307 381 435 516 11 281 15 364 21 315 9 381 11 229 15 381 18 209 23 415 28 859 219 273 320 8 673 11 295 15 840 368 397 418 47 52 55 359 385 407 1 996 2 643 3 542 1 060 1 196 1 307 84 307 99 960 114 793 96 107 112 31 35 35 2 193 2 411 2 800 609 633 632 11 5 6 24 781 28 793 32 273 13 547 18 201 23 930 39 268 44 958 48 337
Open defecation
Luxembourg
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
NATIONAL
Unimproved
Lithuania
Population (x 1000)
Unimproved
Shared
Libya
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Improved
Country, area or territory
URBAN
Percentage urban population
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
25 – 21 8 26 32 44 11 7 13 – 15 13 28 31 7 12 – – 21 12 30
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar
Surface water
Mexico
Unimproved
Mauritius
Other improved
Mauritania
Piped on premises
Martinique
Total improved
Marshall Islands
Surface water
Malta
Unimproved
Mali
Other improved
Maldives
Piped on premises
Malaysia
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
Malawi
Year Surface water
Madagascar
Unimproved
Unimproved
Luxembourg
Improved
Other improved
Lithuania
NATIONAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Libya
Improved
Total improved
Country, area or territory
RURAL Unimproved
54 54 – 98 98 98 100 100 100 73 75 78 91 93 95 94 99 100 100 100 100 53 70 89 100 100 100 91 92 93 – 86 100 36 45 52 100 100 100 92 94 96 94 94 95 100 100 100 74 86 100 100 100 100 – – – 93 96 98 73 75 78 80 85 94
– – – 89 93 98 100 100 100 23 19 15 40 35 30 86 95 99 50 67 99 17 26 35 100 100 100 4 4 4 – 86 100 15 26 35 99 100 100 86 90 94 – – 42 100 100 100 53 42 26 98 98 98 – – – 74 82 89 22 21 19 17 18 18
– – – 9 5 0 0 0 0 50 56 63 51 58 65 8 4 1 50 33 1 36 44 54 0 0 0 87 88 89 – 0 0 21 19 17 1 0 0 6 4 2 – – 53 0 0 0 21 44 74 2 2 2 – – – 19 14 9 51 54 59 63 67 76
46 46 – 2 2 2 0 0 0 15 13 11 5 5 5 6 1 0 0 0 0 45 29 11 0 0 0 9 8 7 – 14 0 63 54 48 0 0 0 4 4 4 3 3 2 0 0 0 20 11 0 0 0 0 – – – 7 4 2 24 21 18 8 6 5
– – – – – – 0 0 0 12 12 11 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 – – – – 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 6 3 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 3 4 4 12 9 1
55 55 – – 81 – 100 100 100 15 24 34 35 57 82 82 93 99 91 93 98 20 36 53 98 100 100 94 96 97 100 100 100 26 37 48 99 99 100 59 73 89 90 89 88 NA NA NA 27 37 53 95 95 95 – – – 54 58 61 24 27 33 48 60 79
– – – 46 60 73 98 98 98 1 2 2 2 2 2 59 80 – 0 0 1 0 1 1 98 100 100 0 0 0 – – – 0 8 14 98 98 100 49 62 75 – – 36 NA NA NA 0 1 2 – 77 77 – – – 4 12 19 1 1 1 1 2 3
– – – – 21 – 2 2 2 14 22 32 33 55 80 23 13 – 91 93 97 20 35 52 0 0 0 94 96 97 – – – 26 29 34 1 1 0 10 11 14 – – 52 NA NA NA 27 36 51 – 18 18 – – – 50 46 42 23 26 32 47 58 76
45 45 – – 19 – 0 0 0 35 31 27 46 31 14 16 5 0 9 7 2 70 57 44 2 0 0 6 4 3 0 0 0 65 56 46 1 1 0 6 9 11 2 3 4 NA NA NA 18 20 23 5 5 5 – – – 41 27 16 43 47 53 20 16 14
– – – – – – 0 0 0 50 45 39 19 12 4 2 2 1 – – – 10 7 3 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 9 7 6 0 0 0 35 18 0 8 8 8 NA NA NA 55 43 24 0 0 0 – – – 5 15 23 33 26 14 32 24 7
54 54 – – 92 – 100 100 100 29 38 48 42 63 84 88 96 100 93 95 99 28 45 65 100 100 100 92 93 94 – 88 100 30 40 50 99 99 100 82 89 94 91 90 89 100 100 100 54 65 85 97 98 98 97 99 99 73 78 82 34 41 47 56 67 84
– – – 75 82 90 100 100 100 7 7 7 6 7 7 73 89 – 13 19 41 4 8 13 100 100 100 3 3 3 – – – 6 15 23 99 99 100 75 83 90 – – 37 100 100 100 30 25 19 – 90 91 91 95 96 38 49 59 5 7 6 5 6 8
– – – – 10 – 0 0 0 22 31 41 36 56 77 15 7 – 80 76 58 24 37 52 0 0 0 89 90 91 – – – 24 25 27 0 0 0 7 6 4 – – 52 0 0 0 24 40 66 – 8 7 6 4 3 35 29 23 29 34 41 51 61 76
46 46 – – 8 – 0 0 0 30 26 22 41 27 13 11 3 0 7 5 1 63 50 33 0 0 0 8 7 6 – 12 0 64 55 47 1 1 0 5 5 6 2 3 4 0 0 0 19 15 8 3 2 2 3 1 1 24 15 8 39 39 42 17 13 11
– – – – – – 0 0 0 41 36 30 17 10 3 1 1 0 – – – 9 5 2 0 0 0 – – – – 0 0 6 5 3 0 0 0 13 6 0 7 7 7 0 0 0 27 20 7 0 0 0 – – – 3 7 10 27 20 11 27 20 5
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
– – 21 27 50 33 26 43 8 8 26 27 13
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
26 2 7 39 NA* NA* 19 22 33
25
Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal
26
28 32 38 100 100 100 9 13 17 69 77 83 60 62 62 85 86 86 52 55 58 15 16 18 35 42 50 31 33 38 90 90 91 72 76 79 66 72 73 31 33 36 70 70 84 54 66 75 15 13 12 49 55 62 69 73 77 49 48 49 61 62 61 48 54 61
62 60 57 66 66 66 36 43 50 100 100 100 – – – – – – 59 61 63 19 27 34 40 37 33 – – – – – – 100 100 100 95 96 97 72 72 72 63 89 100 73 75 77 62 60 57 61 79 – 71 76 81 69 74 79 96 96 96 98 99 100
22 21 20 31 31 31 27 31 37 0 0 0 – – – – – – 8 8 9 14 20 25 44 40 36 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – 6 6 6 – – – 11 11 12 10 9 9 3 4 – 8 8 9 15 16 17 – – – – – 0
5 4 4 2 2 1 6 5 2 0 0 0 – – – – – – 29 27 24 41 31 21 10 13 16 – – – – – – 0 0 0 1 1 0 14 16 18 37 11 0 15 12 9 25 27 30 35 16 – 5 8 10 8 4 1 4 4 4 2 1 0
11 15 19 1 1 2 31 21 11 0 0 0 – – – – – – 4 4 4 26 22 20 6 10 15 – – – – – – 0 0 0 4 3 3 8 6 4 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 4 4 1 1 – 16 8 0 8 6 3 – – – 0 0 0
9 13 17 NA NA NA 4 17 32 100 100 100 – – – 88 – – 26 32 37 2 3 4 37 33 28 – – – – – – 100 100 100 55 71 95 7 20 34 8 63 100 40 47 54 13 13 13 15 31 – 17 27 38 45 57 69 – 80 – 90 96 100
2 3 4 NA NA NA 1 7 12 0 0 0 – – – – – – 4 5 6 1 1 2 17 15 13 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – 1 4 6 – – – 4 4 5 3 3 3 0 0 – 2 2 4 10 13 16 – – – – – 0
6 7 7 NA NA NA 6 6 6 0 0 0 – – – 12 – – 25 32 37 2 3 3 12 19 28 – – – – – – 0 0 0 8 4 0 20 23 26 92 37 0 32 32 31 66 68 71 81 67 – 7 20 32 22 12 3 – 20 – 10 4 0
83 77 72 NA NA NA 89 70 50 0 0 0 – – – – – – 45 31 20 95 93 91 34 33 31 – – – – – – 0 0 0 37 25 5 72 53 34 0 0 0 24 17 10 18 16 13 4 2 – 74 51 26 23 18 12 – – – 0 0 0
24 28 32 66 66 66 7 21 35 100 100 100 100 100 100 – – – 43 48 52 4 7 10 38 34 31 – 79 100 84 92 98 100 100 100 82 89 97 27 37 47 46 81 100 58 65 71 20 19 19 38 58 – 54 63 72 57 65 74 – 89 – 94 98 100
7 9 10 31 31 31 4 10 16 0 0 0 – – – – – – 6 7 7 3 4 6 26 25 24 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – 3 4 6 – – – 8 9 10 4 3 3 2 2 – 6 7 8 12 14 16 – – – – – 0
6 6 6 2 2 1 5 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 27 29 31 9 8 6 12 18 22 – 21 0 16 8 2 0 0 0 3 2 0 18 22 24 54 19 0 22 19 15 60 64 66 58 39 – 6 10 14 15 9 2 – 11 – 6 2 0
63 57 52 1 1 2 84 64 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 24 16 10 84 81 78 24 23 23 – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 9 3 52 37 23 0 0 0 12 7 4 16 14 12 2 1 – 34 20 6 16 12 8 – – – 0 0 0
Unimproved
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
Open defecation
Northern Mariana Islands
Unimproved
Niue
Shared
Nigeria
Improved
Niger
Open defecation
Nicaragua
Unimproved
New Zealand
Shared
New Caledonia
Improved
Netherlands
1 415 1 896 2 324 9 10 10 19 081 24 401 30 486 14 892 15 863 16 665 170 212 255 3 398 3 858 4 415 4 121 5 074 5 870 7 788 10 922 16 069 97 552 123 689 162 471 2 2 1 44 68 61 4 241 4 491 4 925 1 868 2 264 2 846 111 845 144 522 176 745 15 19 21 2 416 2 956 3 571 4 158 5 379 7 014 4 244 5 344 6 568 21 686 25 862 29 400 61 629 77 310 94 852 38 056 38 302 38 299 9 925 10 336 10 690
Open defecation
Nepal
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
NATIONAL
Unimproved
Nauru
Population (x 1000)
Unimproved
Shared
Namibia
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Improved
Country, area or territory
URBAN
Percentage urban population
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
14 2 26 7 25 – 16 6 6 NA* 15 11 30 24 46 25 5 – 24 30 – 9
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal
Surface water
Pakistan
Unimproved
Oman
Other improved
Norway
Piped on premises
Northern Mariana Islands
Total improved
Niue
Surface water
Nigeria
Unimproved
Niger
Other improved
Nicaragua
Piped on premises
New Zealand
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
New Caledonia
Year Surface water
Netherlands
Unimproved
Unimproved
Nepal
Improved
Other improved
Nauru
NATIONAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Namibia
Improved
Total improved
Country, area or territory
RURAL Unimproved
99 99 99 – 93 96 96 94 91 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 92 95 98 57 78 100 81 78 75 – – – – – – 100 100 100 83 87 95 95 96 96 98 97 97 98 98 97 87 88 89 81 92 99 88 90 91 93 93 93 100 100 100 98 99 100
82 77 72 – – 68 44 46 49 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 82 86 89 21 30 39 33 20 7 – – – – – – 100 100 100 30 48 81 56 57 58 98 97 97 96 96 95 61 59 55 59 75 – 74 78 84 40 50 61 97 99 99 96 98 100
17 22 27 – – 28 52 48 42 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 10 9 9 36 48 61 48 58 68 – – – – – – 0 0 0 53 39 14 39 39 38 0 0 0 2 2 2 26 29 34 22 17 – 14 12 7 53 43 32 3 1 1 2 1 0
1 1 1 – 7 4 3 4 6 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 7 4 2 42 22 0 16 18 19 – – – – – – 0 0 0 13 9 1 4 4 4 2 3 3 2 2 3 7 7 8 18 8 1 11 9 8 6 7 7 0 0 0 2 1 0
0 0 0 – – – 1 2 3 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 4 6 – – – – – – 0 0 0 4 4 4 1 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 6 5 3 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
51 72 90 NA NA NA 64 75 87 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 54 62 68 31 35 39 29 38 47 – – – – – – 100 100 100 70 75 85 81 85 89 72 80 86 67 76 86 24 27 33 25 51 – 45 55 66 77 85 92 – – – 95 97 100
14 21 28 NA NA NA 2 8 14 100 100 100 – – – 100 100 100 17 24 29 0 1 2 4 2 1 – – – – – – 100 100 100 3 15 37 8 15 23 72 80 86 60 72 83 4 3 3 0 21 – 13 29 47 9 17 25 73 89 96 83 92 100
37 51 62 NA NA NA 62 67 73 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 37 38 39 31 34 37 25 36 46 – – – – – – 0 0 0 67 60 48 73 70 66 0 0 0 7 4 3 20 24 30 25 30 – 32 26 19 68 68 67 – – – 12 5 0
35 15 0 NA NA NA 29 19 9 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 30 27 25 66 62 58 31 31 31 – – – – – – 0 0 0 20 15 15 8 7 7 28 20 14 21 13 4 27 24 19 63 42 – 28 23 18 21 14 7 – – – 5 3 0
14 13 10 NA NA NA 7 6 4 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 16 11 7 3 3 3 40 31 22 – – – – – – 0 0 0 10 10 – 11 8 4 – – – 12 11 10 49 49 48 12 7 – 27 22 16 2 1 1 – – – 0 0 0
64 80 93 – 93 96 67 77 88 100 100 100 – 94 98 100 100 100 74 80 85 35 42 50 47 55 61 99 99 99 94 95 97 100 100 100 79 84 92 85 88 91 90 92 95 84 90 94 33 35 40 52 74 – 75 80 85 85 89 92 – – – 96 98 100
33 39 45 – – 68 6 13 19 100 100 100 – 85 94 100 100 100 51 58 63 3 6 8 14 10 4 98 98 98 70 78 87 100 100 100 21 39 70 23 29 36 90 92 95 80 88 92 12 11 9 29 51 – 55 65 75 24 33 43 88 95 98 89 95 100
31 41 48 – – 28 61 64 69 0 0 0 – 9 4 0 0 0 23 22 22 32 36 42 33 45 57 1 1 1 24 17 10 0 0 0 58 45 22 62 59 55 0 0 0 4 2 2 21 24 31 23 23 – 20 15 10 61 56 49 – – – 7 3 0
26 11 1 – 7 4 26 18 8 0 0 0 – 6 2 0 0 0 18 15 12 62 55 48 26 25 25 1 1 1 6 5 3 0 0 0 15 10 8 7 7 6 10 8 5 11 6 4 24 22 17 41 23 – 16 14 11 14 10 7 – – – 4 2 0
10 9 6 – – – 7 5 4 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 8 5 3 3 3 2 27 20 14 – – – – – – 0 0 0 6 6 – 8 5 3 – – – 5 4 2 43 43 43 7 3 – 9 6 4 1 1 1 – – – 0 0 0
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
42 – 36 7 – 17 24 28 26 NA* 7 11 29
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
29 19 29 18 – 22 29 – 8
27
Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia
28
72 95 99 93 96 99 74 80 83 47 45 48 81 90 94 53 53 53 73 73 74 5 14 19 35 33 32 29 28 18 41 45 49 21 22 20 90 93 94 44 53 63 77 80 82 39 40 43 50 53 56 49 50 54 33 36 39 100 100 100 56 56 55 50 51 50
– – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 87 89 98 98 98 88 88 – 80 77 74 64 63 61 – – – 67 69 70 – – – 94 94 93 – – – – 27 41 – – – 59 63 68 97 97 98 – – – 23 23 22 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
– – – – – – – – – – 7 7 – – – 3 3 – 16 15 15 23 22 22 – – – 3 3 3 – – – 5 5 5 – – – – 4 6 – – – 20 21 22 2 2 2 – – – 43 42 42 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0
– – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 6 4 2 2 2 9 9 – 3 7 10 10 13 16 – – – 24 20 18 – – – 1 1 2 – – – – 4 5 – – – 12 11 9 1 1 0 – – – 34 31 27 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
– – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – – – – 1 1 1 3 2 1 – – – 6 8 9 – – – 0 0 0 – – – – 65 48 – – – 9 5 1 0 0 0 – – – 0 4 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
– – – 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 72 83 95 95 95 52 54 – 58 59 59 30 45 61 – – – 54 60 64 – – – 92 92 91 – – – – 14 23 – – – 21 29 39 95 95 96 – – – 5 6 7 NA NA NA 100 100 100 100 100 100
– – – – – – – – – – 4 5 – – – 1 1 – 11 11 11 3 5 7 – – – 4 4 4 – – – 6 6 6 – – – – 4 7 – – – 6 8 11 2 2 2 – – – 14 16 18 NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0
– – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 24 12 5 5 5 47 45 – 30 29 29 59 45 30 – – – 31 26 24 – – – 2 2 3 – – – – 4 4 – – – 17 20 22 3 3 2 – – – 55 46 36 NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0
– – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – – – – 1 1 1 8 5 2 – – – 11 10 8 – – – 0 0 0 – – – – 78 66 – – – 56 43 28 0 0 0 – – – 26 32 39 NA NA NA 0 0 0 0 0 0
99 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 – 79 86 98 98 98 71 72 – 74 72 70 32 47 61 – 87 – 58 62 65 63 73 – 93 92 92 – – – – 21 34 92 97 100 36 43 51 96 96 97 97 97 97 11 12 13 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
– – – – – – – – – – 6 6 – – – 2 2 – 15 14 14 4 7 10 – – – 3 4 4 – – – 6 6 6 – – – – 4 6 – – – 11 13 16 2 2 2 – – – 24 26 28 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 15 8 2 2 2 27 26 – 10 13 15 56 41 27 – 10 – 29 25 23 33 23 – 1 2 2 – – – – 4 5 3 0 0 15 16 16 2 2 1 2 2 2 47 40 32 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 – – – – – – 1 1 1 8 5 2 – 3 – 10 9 8 4 4 – 0 0 0 – – – – 71 55 5 3 0 38 28 17 0 0 0 1 1 1 18 22 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unimproved
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
Open defecation
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Unimproved
Saint Lucia
Shared
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Improved
Rwanda
Open defecation
Russian Federation
Unimproved
Romania
Shared
Réunion
Improved
Republic of Moldova
3 529 3 814 3 746 474 591 1 870 42 980 45 988 48 391 4 364 4 107 3 545 612 739 856 23 207 22 192 21 436 148 244 146 758 142 836 7 110 8 098 10 943 41 46 53 138 157 176 107 108 109 161 177 184 24 27 32 116 141 169 16 139 20 045 28 083 7 242 9 506 12 768 9 569 10 134 9 854 71 79 87 3 982 4 143 5 997 3 017 3 919 5 188 5 270 5 405 5 472 1 927 1 985 2 035
Open defecation
Republic of Korea
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
NATIONAL
Unimproved
Qatar
Population (x 1000)
Unimproved
Shared
Puerto Rico
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Improved
Country, area or territory
URBAN
Percentage urban population
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
1 73 8 NA* 21 – NA* 41 – 15 – 7 – 20 38 25 NA* 14 5 33 2 3
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia
Surface water
Sao Tome and Principe
Unimproved
San Marino
Other improved
Samoa
Piped on premises
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Total improved
Saint Lucia
Surface water
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Unimproved
Rwanda
Other improved
Russian Federation
Piped on premises
Romania
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
Réunion
Year Surface water
Republic of Moldova
Unimproved
Unimproved
Republic of Korea
Improved
Other improved
Qatar
NATIONAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Puerto Rico
Improved
Total improved
Country, area or territory
RURAL Unimproved
– – – 100 100 100 97 98 100 98 99 99 99 99 99 93 97 99 98 98 99 91 86 80 – – – 96 97 98 – – – 97 97 97 – – – – 86 99 – – – 88 90 93 100 100 99 – – – 66 75 84 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
– – – – – – 96 97 99 – 77 86 99 99 99 88 90 92 88 90 91 30 23 15 – – – 81 85 89 – – – 82 87 91 – – – – 30 39 – – – 46 60 77 97 97 97 – – – 17 14 11 100 100 100 100 96 – 100 100 100
– – – – – – 1 1 1 – 22 13 0 0 0 5 7 7 10 8 8 61 63 65 – – – 15 12 9 – – – 15 10 6 – – – – 56 60 – – – 42 30 16 3 3 2 – – – 49 61 73 0 0 0 0 4 – 0 0 0
– – – 0 0 0 3 2 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 7 3 1 2 2 1 3 7 13 – – – 4 3 2 – – – 3 3 2 – – – – 4 1 – – – 12 10 6 0 0 1 – – – 29 18 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
– – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 6 7 7 – – – – – – – – – 0 0 1 – – – – 10 0 – – – 0 0 1 0 0 0 – – – 5 7 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
– – – 100 100 100 – 75 88 – 89 93 98 98 98 55 70 – 80 86 92 60 63 66 – – – 92 93 93 – – – 87 92 98 – – – – 70 94 – – – 42 50 59 99 99 99 – – – 23 31 40 NA NA NA 100 100 100 99 99 99
– – – – – – – 46 64 0 1 23 98 98 98 13 21 28 37 46 55 0 0 1 – – – 65 72 80 – – – 72 78 84 – – – – 14 22 – – – 1 9 18 – 72 72 – – – 2 1 1 NA NA NA 89 92 – 99 99 99
– – – – – – – 29 24 – 88 70 0 0 0 42 49 – 43 40 37 60 63 65 – – – 27 21 13 – – – 15 14 14 – – – – 56 72 – – – 41 41 41 – 27 27 – – – 21 30 39 NA NA NA 11 8 – 0 0 0
– – – 0 0 0 – 25 12 – 11 7 2 2 2 45 30 – 19 12 5 14 17 20 – – – 8 7 7 – – – 13 8 1 – – – – 7 2 – – – 56 48 39 1 1 1 – – – 28 23 16 NA NA NA 0 0 0 1 1 1
– – – 0 0 0 – – – – 0 0 – – – – – – 1 2 3 26 20 14 – – – – – – – – – 0 0 1 – – – – 23 4 – – – 2 2 2 0 0 0 – – – 49 46 44 NA NA NA 0 0 0 – – –
94 94 – 100 100 100 – 93 98 – 93 96 99 99 99 75 84 – 93 95 97 62 66 69 – 98 98 93 94 94 88 93 95 89 93 98 – – – – 78 97 92 95 97 60 66 73 99 100 99 96 96 96 37 47 57 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
87 87 – – – – – 87 93 – 35 53 99 99 99 53 57 62 74 78 82 2 3 4 – 92 – 70 76 82 52 74 – 74 80 85 – – – – 23 33 58 63 67 18 30 43 – 85 86 – – 92 7 6 5 100 100 100 95 94 – 100 100 100
7 7 – – – – – 6 5 – 58 43 0 0 0 22 27 – 19 17 15 60 63 65 – 6 – 23 18 12 36 19 – 15 13 13 – – – – 55 64 34 32 30 42 36 30 – 15 13 – – 4 30 41 52 0 0 0 5 6 – 0 0 0
6 6 – 0 0 0 – 7 2 – 7 4 1 1 1 25 16 – 7 5 3 13 16 19 – 2 2 7 6 6 12 7 5 11 7 1 – – – – 6 1 8 5 3 39 33 26 1 0 1 0 0 0 29 21 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
– – – 0 0 0 – – – – 0 0 – – – – – – 0 0 0 25 18 12 – – – – – – – – – 0 0 1 – – – – 16 2 – – – 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 4 4 34 32 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
– 73 14 NA* 21 – NA* 37 18 16 5 15 –
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
41 36 32 NA* 13 30 33 2 3
29
Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor–Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey
30
14 16 20 30 33 38 52 57 62 – – 18 75 76 77 17 16 15 25 29 33 60 65 70 23 23 21 83 84 85 73 73 74 49 52 56 32 26 27 29 31 34 58 59 59 21 24 28 29 33 38 0 0 0 23 23 23 9 11 14 58 63 66 59 65 72
– 81 81 – 45 52 80 82 84 – – 16 100 100 100 78 80 83 52 48 44 90 90 90 63 63 63 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 95 96 93 93 95 87 88 89 96 93 97 – 53 68 26 26 26 NA NA NA 98 99 99 93 92 92 94 96 97 96 96 97
– – – – 26 30 8 8 9 – – 6 0 0 0 13 14 14 12 11 10 9 9 9 29 29 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 11 11 11 – 3 3 – 13 16 44 44 43 NA NA NA – – – 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 2 2
– 15 15 – 16 15 10 8 5 – – 20 0 0 0 5 3 2 28 27 26 1 1 1 6 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 4 4 0 – 10 8 5 8 11 NA NA NA 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1
– 4 4 – 13 3 2 2 2 – – 58 0 0 0 4 3 1 8 14 20 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 – 24 8 25 22 20 NA NA NA – – – 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0
– 15 15 – 10 6 46 51 57 – – 7 100 100 100 65 78 93 18 16 13 – 65 66 44 49 55 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 81 94 – 89 94 79 93 96 – 85 83 – 32 27 8 5 3 41 63 93 95 92 89 93 92 92 43 58 75 66 71 75
– – – – 9 6 5 6 6 – – 2 0 0 0 4 5 6 5 5 4 – 11 11 15 16 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 5 – 3 3 3 4 4 – 5 4 – 7 6 15 11 5 – – – – – – 7 7 7 5 7 9 2 3 3
– 63 63 – 9 5 23 22 22 – – 10 0 0 0 16 9 0 29 26 24 – 2 3 10 6 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 1 – 6 3 1 0 0 – 10 12 – 6 30 3 10 18 59 37 7 5 8 11 0 1 1 3 6 0 27 23 21
– 22 22 – 72 83 26 21 15 – – 81 0 0 0 15 8 1 48 53 59 – 22 20 31 29 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 10 0 – 2 0 17 3 0 – 0 1 – 55 37 74 74 74 – – – – – – 0 0 0 49 29 16 5 3 1
– 25 29 – 22 24 64 69 74 – – 9 100 100 100 68 79 91 27 25 24 – 81 83 49 52 57 100 100 100 100 100 100 85 89 95 – 90 95 82 91 93 – 90 91 – 37 39 13 12 11 41 63 93 95 94 92 93 92 92 73 82 90 84 87 91
– – – – 15 15 7 7 8 – – 3 0 0 0 6 6 7 7 7 6 – 10 10 18 19 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 – 3 3 6 6 7 – 3 4 – 8 9 24 22 20 – – – – – – 7 7 7 3 4 4 2 2 2
– 56 53 – 10 9 16 14 11 – – 11 0 0 0 12 8 1 28 26 24 – 1 1 8 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 – 6 2 0 1 0 – 7 4 – 7 23 3 9 15 59 37 7 5 6 8 0 1 1 2 3 1 12 10 7
– 19 18 – 53 52 13 10 7 – – 77 0 0 0 14 7 1 38 42 46 – 8 6 25 23 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 0 – 1 0 12 2 0 – 0 1 – 48 29 60 57 54 – – – – – – 0 0 0 22 11 5 2 1 0
Unimproved
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
Open defecation
Switzerland
Unimproved
Sweden
Shared
Swaziland
Improved
Suriname
Open defecation
Sudan
Unimproved
Sri Lanka
Shared
Spain
Improved
South Sudan
310 409 552 6 599 7 399 9 557 36 794 44 760 50 460 – – 10 314 38 889 40 288 46 455 17 337 18 745 21 045 26 494 34 188 34 318 407 467 529 863 1 064 1 203 8 559 8 860 9 441 6 674 7 168 7 702 12 324 15 989 20 766 5 303 6 173 6 977 57 072 63 155 69 519 1 909 2 009 2 064 743 830 1 154 3 666 4 794 6 155 2 2 1 95 98 105 1 215 1 292 1 346 8 215 9 456 10 594 54 130 63 628 73 640
Open defecation
South Africa
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
NATIONAL
Unimproved
Somalia
Population (x 1000)
Unimproved
Shared
Solomon Islands
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Improved
Country, area or territory
URBAN
Percentage urban population
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
– 9 20 – 15 28 0 17 17 7 9 37 21 19 – 11 3 33 5 5 24 23
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey
Surface water
Thailand
Unimproved
Tajikistan
Other improved
Syrian Arab Republic
Piped on premises
Switzerland
Total improved
Sweden
Surface water
Swaziland
Unimproved
Suriname
Other improved
Sudan
Piped on premises
Sri Lanka
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
Spain
Year Surface water
South Sudan
Unimproved
Unimproved
South Africa
Improved
Other improved
Somalia
NATIONAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Solomon Islands
Improved
Total improved
Country, area or territory
RURAL Unimproved
– 93 93 – 35 66 98 98 99 – – 63 100 100 100 92 95 99 86 76 66 99 98 97 86 89 93 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 95 93 – 93 92 96 97 97 100 100 100 – 69 93 79 84 90 NA NA NA 98 98 99 92 95 98 95 97 100 94 97 100
– 61 61 0 12 53 86 87 89 – – – 99 99 99 37 53 67 78 63 46 – 91 78 67 70 74 100 100 100 100 100 100 94 93 91 – 77 87 74 77 80 97 97 95 – 24 45 14 13 12 NA NA NA – – – 81 85 88 89 92 94 91 95 99
– 32 32 – 23 13 12 11 10 – – – 1 1 1 55 42 32 8 13 20 – 7 19 19 19 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 – 16 5 22 20 17 3 3 5 – 45 48 65 71 78 NA NA NA – – – 11 10 10 6 5 6 3 2 1
– 7 0 – 59 30 2 2 1 – – 16 0 0 0 8 5 1 12 22 31 1 2 3 6 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 7 – 3 1 4 3 3 0 0 0 – 28 6 20 15 9 NA NA NA 2 2 1 5 2 0 5 3 0 6 3 0
– 0 7 – 6 4 0 0 0 – – 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 0 0 0 8 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 4 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 3 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA – – – 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
– 76 76 – 15 7 66 71 79 – – 55 100 100 100 63 76 92 61 56 50 – 73 81 25 41 67 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 79 87 – 49 57 82 90 95 98 98 99 – 50 60 36 38 40 90 93 97 99 99 99 88 91 93 63 76 89 73 85 99
– 16 16 0 0 0 23 28 36 – – – 100 100 100 6 15 23 16 15 13 – 49 45 4 13 26 100 100 100 99 99 99 49 60 79 – 17 34 10 22 31 – 85 83 – 11 14 0 0 1 – – – – – – 68 71 74 22 33 – 51 73 97
– 60 60 – 15 7 43 43 43 – – – 0 0 0 57 61 69 45 41 37 – 24 36 21 28 41 0 0 0 1 1 1 26 19 8 – 32 23 72 68 64 – 13 16 – 39 46 36 38 39 – – – – – – 20 20 19 41 43 – 22 12 2
– 21 0 – 56 52 7 8 11 – – 14 0 0 0 28 19 6 29 33 36 – 6 0 18 18 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 20 12 – 14 5 16 9 5 2 2 1 – 43 29 37 33 30 10 7 3 1 1 1 10 7 5 35 22 9 26 14 1
– 3 24 – 29 41 27 21 10 – – 31 0 0 0 9 5 2 10 11 14 – 21 19 57 41 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 – 37 38 2 1 0 – – – – 7 11 27 29 30 – – – – – – 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0
– 78 79 – 21 30 83 87 91 – – 57 100 100 100 68 79 93 67 62 55 – 89 92 39 52 72 100 100 100 100 100 100 86 88 90 – 61 66 86 92 96 99 99 100 – 54 69 48 53 59 90 93 97 99 99 99 89 92 94 82 89 96 85 93 100
– 23 25 0 4 20 56 62 69 – – – 99 99 99 11 21 29 32 29 24 – 76 68 18 25 36 100 100 100 100 100 100 71 77 86 – 33 48 29 39 48 – 92 90 – 14 23 4 5 5 – – – – – – 69 73 76 61 71 – 75 87 99
– 55 54 – 17 10 27 25 22 – – – 1 1 1 57 58 64 35 33 31 – 13 24 21 27 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 11 4 – 28 18 57 53 48 – 7 10 – 40 46 44 48 54 – – – – – – 20 19 18 21 18 – 10 6 1
– 19 0 – 58 43 4 4 5 – – 14 0 0 0 25 17 5 25 29 35 – 4 2 16 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 12 10 – 11 4 12 7 4 1 1 0 – 40 23 32 27 22 10 7 3 1 1 1 9 6 4 17 10 3 15 7 0
– 3 21 – 21 27 13 9 4 – – 29 0 0 0 7 4 2 8 9 10 – 7 6 45 33 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 28 30 2 1 0 – – 0 – 6 8 20 20 19 – – – – – – 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
– 17 23 – 15 29 NA* 19 38 7 9 31 16
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
19 5 30 25 NA* 9 9 24 29
31
Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
32
45 46 49 74 85 94 41 46 51 11 12 16 67 67 69 79 81 84 78 79 80 19 22 27 75 79 82 88 93 95 89 91 93 40 37 36 19 22 25 84 90 94 20 24 31 68 72 74 21 26 32 39 35 39 29 34 39
99 99 100 – – – 75 81 86 33 33 34 100 97 96 98 98 98 100 100 100 9 16 24 100 100 100 – – – 96 97 99 95 97 100 – 54 65 89 93 – 64 78 93 90 92 95 70 82 93 61 59 56 54 53 52
– – – – – – 8 9 9 48 49 50 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 8 15 23 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 – – – – 28 33 – – – 4 4 5 5 5 5 1 2 2 26 25 23 46 45 44
1 1 0 – – – 15 8 3 17 16 15 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 67 51 0 0 0 – – – 1 1 1 5 3 0 – 18 2 7 2 – 8 7 2 3 2 0 23 12 3 11 14 19 0 1 2
0 0 0 – – – 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 – – – 3 2 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 4 5 – 24 11 0 2 1 0 6 4 2 2 2 2 0 1 2
97 97 98 – – – 71 76 80 26 31 35 – 91 89 95 95 95 100 100 100 6 7 7 99 99 99 – – – 85 90 98 76 87 100 – 38 55 45 54 – 30 48 67 – 85 93 12 24 34 29 31 33 35 34 33
– – – – – – 4 4 5 12 14 16 – 4 4 5 5 5 0 0 0 3 4 4 – – – – – – 1 1 1 – – – – 10 15 – – – 2 3 4 – 7 7 1 2 3 7 7 8 18 17 17
2 2 1 – – – 18 13 8 40 39 39 – 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 76 73 1 1 1 – – – 1 0 1 24 13 0 – 50 28 14 6 – 24 23 24 – 6 0 33 32 32 24 29 32 0 5 10
1 1 1 – – – 7 7 7 22 16 10 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 13 16 – – – – – – 13 9 0 0 0 0 – 2 2 41 40 – 44 26 5 – 2 0 54 42 31 40 33 27 47 44 40
98 98 99 – 81 – 73 78 83 27 31 35 – 95 94 97 97 98 100 100 100 7 9 12 100 100 100 96 96 96 95 97 99 84 91 100 – 42 58 82 89 – 37 55 75 – 90 94 24 39 53 42 41 42 40 40 40
– – – – – – 6 6 7 16 18 21 – 3 3 2 2 2 0 0 0 4 6 9 – – – – – – 0 0 0 – – – – 14 20 – – – 2 3 4 – 5 6 1 2 3 14 13 14 26 27 27
1 1 1 – 16 – 16 11 6 37 37 35 – 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 80 74 67 0 0 0 4 4 4 1 0 1 16 9 0 – 42 20 8 3 – 21 20 18 – 4 0 31 27 22 19 24 27 0 3 7
1 1 0 – 3 – 5 5 4 20 14 9 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 11 12 0 0 0 – – – 4 3 0 0 0 0 – 2 2 10 8 – 40 22 3 – 1 0 44 32 22 25 22 17 34 30 26
Unimproved
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
Open defecation
Uruguay
Unimproved
United States Virgin Islands
Shared
United States of America
Improved
United Republic of Tanzania
Open defecation
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Unimproved
United Arab Emirates
Shared
Ukraine
Improved
Uganda
3 668 4 501 5 105 12 19 39 9 9 10 17 700 24 213 34 509 51 645 48 892 45 190 1 809 3 033 7 891 57 214 58 874 62 417 25 479 34 038 46 218 253 339 282 496 313 085 103 109 109 3 109 3 319 3 380 20 515 24 776 27 760 147 185 246 19 685 24 348 29 437 67 102 78 758 88 792 2 081 3 199 4 152 11 948 17 723 24 800 7 860 10 202 13 475 10 469 12 509 12 754
Open defecation
Tuvalu
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
NATIONAL
Unimproved
Turks and Caicos Islands
Population (x 1000)
Unimproved
Shared
Turkmenistan
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Improved
Country, area or territory
URBAN
Percentage urban population
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
19 – 12 17 NA* 69 7 7 15 2 8 30 33 – 36 40 34 15 3
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
Surface water
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Unimproved
Vanuatu
Other improved
Uzbekistan
Piped on premises
Uruguay
Total improved
United States Virgin Islands
Surface water
United States of America
Unimproved
United Republic of Tanzania
Other improved
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Piped on premises
United Arab Emirates
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
Ukraine
Year Surface water
Uganda
Unimproved
Unimproved
Tuvalu
Improved
Other improved
Turks and Caicos Islands
NATIONAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Turkmenistan
Improved
Total improved
Country, area or territory
RURAL Unimproved
99 97 89 – – – 92 95 98 79 85 91 100 99 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 94 87 79 100 100 100 – – – 98 99 100 97 98 98 94 96 98 93 94 – 88 94 99 100 94 82 96 83 72 89 87 86 100 99 97
– 81 77 – – – 92 95 97 8 14 20 – 92 86 – 80 – 100 100 100 33 29 23 97 97 97 – – – 95 96 100 86 86 85 79 65 51 87 89 – 45 51 58 – 87 75 84 77 71 48 42 36 97 88 78
– 16 12 – – – 0 0 1 71 71 71 – 7 12 – 20 – 0 0 0 61 58 56 3 3 3 – – – 3 3 0 11 12 13 15 31 47 6 5 – 43 43 41 – 7 7 12 6 1 41 45 50 3 11 19
0 2 10 – – – 8 5 2 18 12 6 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 18 0 0 0 – – – 2 1 0 1 1 1 6 4 2 6 5 – 6 2 1 0 5 17 3 16 27 10 12 12 0 1 3
1 1 1 – – – – – – 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 – 6 4 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 0
– 72 54 – – – 89 93 97 36 53 72 – 92 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 46 45 44 94 94 94 – – – 82 88 98 85 83 81 55 71 88 71 74 – 50 71 94 – 87 82 59 52 47 22 36 50 71 70 69
– 29 15 – – – 89 93 97 0 1 2 – 50 22 – 70 – 98 98 98 0 2 4 46 – – – – – 56 70 97 37 32 26 27 22 17 44 50 – 0 4 9 – 64 70 12 20 26 1 1 2 7 6 5
– 43 39 – – – 0 0 0 36 52 70 – 42 76 – 30 – 2 2 2 46 43 40 48 – – – – – 26 18 1 48 51 55 28 49 71 27 24 – 50 67 85 – 23 12 47 32 21 21 35 48 64 64 64
– 8 46 – – – 11 7 3 38 28 17 – 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 32 33 6 6 6 – – – 17 11 1 8 11 14 37 21 4 13 10 – 31 16 3 – 10 15 34 41 47 46 37 28 17 20 23
– 20 – – – – – – – 26 19 11 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 23 23 – – – – – – 1 1 1 7 6 5 8 8 8 16 16 – 19 13 3 – 3 3 7 7 6 32 27 22 12 10 8
– 83 71 – 87 – 90 94 98 41 57 75 – 97 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 55 54 53 98 99 99 100 100 100 96 98 100 90 89 87 62 76 91 90 92 – 58 77 96 – 92 82 66 60 55 48 54 64 79 80 80
– 53 45 – 28 – 90 94 97 1 2 5 – 78 66 – 78 – 100 100 100 7 8 9 84 – – 41 46 – 90 94 99 57 52 47 37 32 25 81 85 – 9 15 24 – 81 74 27 35 40 20 16 15 33 34 33
– 30 26 – 59 – 0 0 1 40 55 70 – 19 32 – 22 – 0 0 0 48 46 44 14 – – 59 54 – 6 4 1 33 37 40 25 44 66 9 7 – 49 62 72 – 11 8 39 25 15 28 38 49 46 46 47
– 6 29 – 13 – 10 6 2 35 26 16 – 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 27 30 2 1 1 0 0 0 4 2 0 5 7 10 31 17 3 7 6 – 26 12 2 – 7 17 28 35 41 32 28 22 12 13 15
– 11 – – – – – – – 24 17 9 – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 19 17 – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 3 7 7 6 3 2 – 16 11 2 – 1 1 6 5 4 20 18 14 9 7 5
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
0 – 12 45 NA* 70 7 18 15 2 7 13 43
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
– 39 21 16 30 7
33
Country, regional and global estimates1 on sanitation and drinking-water
World
1
34
Open defecation
Least developed countries
Unimproved
Developed countries
Shared
Developing countries
Improved
Caucasus and Central Asia
Open defecation
Latin America and the Caribbean
Unimproved
Oceania
Shared
Western Asia
Improved
South-eastern Asia
Open defecation
Southern Asia
515 588 669 118 877 563 119 694 141 978 168 355 1 216 665 1 347 625 1 430 886 1 195 985 1 460 201 1 728 477 445 361 523 831 600 025 127 092 161 478 211 444 6 459 8 093 10 141 443 032 521 429 596 629 66 627 71 294 78 177 4 136 502 4 905 047 5 701 698 1 149 637 1 195 733 1 249 023 510 107 661 996 851 103 5 286 139 6 100 780 6 950 721
Unimproved
Eastern Asia
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Unimproved
Shared
Northern Africa
Population (x 1000)
TOTAL
Unimproved
Improved
Sub-Saharan Africa
Year
RURAL
Unimproved
Percentage urban population
Region or world
URBAN
28 32 37 49 52 55 29 38 52 26 29 33 32 38 45 61 64 68 24 24 23 70 75 79 48 44 44 35 40 46 72 74 78 21 24 29 43 47 52
43 43 42 92 93 94 53 64 76 56 60 64 69 74 81 94 94 96 77 78 78 80 84 87 96 94 96 65 69 74 97 96 97 40 45 48 77 77 80
28 29 30 6 6 6 16 19 24 16 17 19 9 10 10 2 4 4 8 8 9 6 6 7 3 4 4 13 15 17 2 2 2 24 23 26 9 11 13
19 18 19 0 0 0 29 16 0 6 7 7 9 6 2 2 1 0 12 12 11 8 6 5 1 2 0 13 9 5 1 2 1 22 21 20 8 7 4
10 10 9 2 1 0 2 1 0 22 16 10 13 10 7 2 1 0 3 2 2 6 4 1 0 0 0 9 7 4 0 0 0 14 11 6 6 5 3
19 20 24 54 71 84 16 36 57 12 20 30 37 50 62 59 63 71 23 23 24 38 49 63 86 86 95 21 32 43 90 90 92 16 23 31 29 38 47
8 9 11 4 5 7 4 9 14 3 5 7 5 7 9 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 6 1 2 2 4 7 9 3 3 3 7 9 12 4 6 9
27 28 29 13 6 0 71 50 27 5 7 9 18 14 10 22 20 17 58 59 61 17 18 17 12 11 3 32 24 17 7 7 5 24 25 25 29 22 16
46 43 36 29 18 9 9 5 2 80 68 54 40 29 19 17 14 8 16 15 12 42 29 14 1 1 0 43 37 31 0 0 0 53 43 32 38 34 28
26 28 30 72 83 90 27 47 67 24 32 41 47 59 71 80 83 88 36 36 36 68 75 82 91 90 96 36 47 57 95 95 96 21 29 36 49 56 64
14 16 18 5 6 6 7 13 19 6 8 11 6 8 10 2 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 2 3 3 7 10 13 3 2 2 11 13 16 6 8 11
24 24 26 7 2 0 59 36 13 6 7 9 16 11 5 10 7 5 47 48 50 10 9 8 6 7 1 26 18 12 2 3 2 23 23 23 21 16 10
36 32 26 16 9 4 7 4 1 64 53 39 31 22 14 8 6 3 13 12 10 17 10 4 1 0 0 31 25 18 0 0 0 45 35 25 24 20 15
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
USE OF SANITATION FACILITIES (percentage of population)
13 29 33 20 28 33 10 24 18 24 6 18 21
For communication purposes in its report, the JMP displays these proportions as rounded integers, which together add to 100% for drinking-water and sanitation, respectively. For its database on the JMP web site (www.wssinfo.org), we use unrounded estimates to achieve greater accuracy when converting coverage estimates into numbers of people with or without access. Any “apparent” discrepancies between the published estimates and those derived from the JMP web site are due to the published estimates appearing rounded to the nearest integer.
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Unimproved
Surface water
World
Other improved
Least developed countries
Piped on premises
Developed countries
Total improved
Developing countries
Surface water
Caucasus and Central Asia
Unimproved
Latin America and the Caribbean
Other improved
Oceania
Piped on premises
Western Asia
1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011 1990 2000 2011
Total improved
South-eastern Asia
Year Surface water
Southern Asia
Unimproved
Unimproved
Eastern Asia
Improved
Other improved
Northern Africa
TOTAL Unimproved
Piped on premises
Sub-Saharan Africa
Improved
Total improved
Region or world
RURAL Unimproved
83 83 84 94 94 95 97 98 98 90 92 95 90 92 94 95 96 96 92 93 95 94 96 97 97 96 96 93 94 95 99 100 100 81 79 83 95 95 96
43 39 34 86 89 91 92 93 95 51 53 54 41 45 51 85 87 88 74 75 74 86 90 94 85 84 84 71 72 74 97 97 97 29 31 33 80 80 80
40 44 50 8 5 4 5 5 3 39 39 41 49 47 43 10 9 8 18 18 21 8 6 3 12 12 12 22 22 21 2 3 3 52 48 50 15 15 16
14 14 13 6 6 5 2 2 2 9 7 5 8 6 6 4 3 4 5 5 3 5 3 3 2 3 3 6 5 4 1 0 0 15 17 15 4 4 4
3 3 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 0 3 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 4 2 1 1 0
35 42 51 80 84 89 56 71 85 66 76 88 62 72 84 69 73 78 37 41 45 64 72 82 81 77 79 59 69 79 94 95 97 44 49 58 62 71 81
4 4 5 32 51 73 12 29 45 7 11 15 5 10 13 41 53 66 12 12 11 38 50 64 31 29 29 11 19 24 69 77 79 2 3 4 17 24 29
31 38 46 48 33 16 44 42 40 59 65 73 57 62 71 28 20 12 25 29 34 26 22 18 50 48 50 48 50 55 25 18 18 42 46 54 45 47 52
32 32 30 17 12 6 34 23 13 29 20 10 26 19 13 24 20 18 23 20 14 16 14 11 12 11 11 29 22 15 6 5 2 33 32 29 27 21 14
33 26 19 3 4 5 10 6 2 5 4 2 12 9 3 7 7 4 40 39 41 20 14 7 7 12 10 12 9 6 0 0 1 23 19 13 11 8 5
49 55 63 87 89 92 68 81 92 72 81 90 71 80 89 85 87 90 50 53 56 85 90 94 89 85 86 70 79 87 98 98 99 51 56 65 76 83 89
15 15 15 58 71 83 35 53 71 19 23 28 17 24 30 68 75 81 27 27 25 72 80 88 56 53 53 32 40 47 89 92 93 7 9 12 44 50 55
34 40 48 29 18 9 33 28 21 53 58 62 54 56 59 17 12 9 23 26 31 13 10 6 33 32 33 38 39 40 9 6 6 44 47 53 32 33 34
27 26 24 11 9 6 25 15 7 24 16 9 20 14 9 12 10 9 19 16 12 8 6 4 7 8 8 22 15 10 2 2 1 30 28 25 18 12 8
24 19 13 2 2 2 7 4 1 4 3 1 9 6 2 3 3 1 31 31 32 7 4 2 4 7 6 8 6 3 0 0 0 19 16 10 6 5 3
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Proportion of the 2011 population that gained access since 1995 (%)
URBAN Improved
28 23 25 32 28 32 21 23 10 28 7 29
Country, regional and global estimates on sanitation and drinking-water
USE OF DRINKING–WATER SOURCES (percentage of population)
24
35
TRENDS IN URBAN AND RURAL SANITATION COVERAGE, 1990–2011 10
10
9
2
8
10
6
22 7
19
9
19
6
1
6
7
13
2
3
5
12
7
11
0 0 6
2 2 2
0 0 4
0 0
2
0 1 3
0 0 4
29
9
4 5
6
17
9
74
77
3 4
8
13
24
9
8
9
2 0 6
13
13
19 16 Coverage (%)
16 28
30 81
1990
77
69
64
56
87
80
96
78
94
76
94
2011
Southern Asia
42
1990
2011
1990
SubSaharan Africa
Improved
2011
Southeastern Asia
Shared
1990
2011
Latin America & Caribbean
Unimproved
1990
2011
Oceania
1990
96
80
65
92 43
96
53
2011
Northern Africa
1990
2011 1990
Western Asia
2011 1990
Eastern Asia
2011 1990
2011
1990
Caucasus Developing and Central countries Asia
2011
World
Open defecation
Figure 11. Trends in urban sanitation coverage by developing regions and the world, 1990-2011.
2 14
19 46
36
40
Coverage (%)
54 80
10
17
9
6
8
30
2011
Southern Asia
37
19
24
1990
2011
Improved
SubSaharan Africa
1990
Shared
62
27
43
71
3
2011
1990
2011
Latin America & Caribbean
Unimproved
38
3
23
24
1990
2011
Oceania
4
2011
Northern Africa
1990
2011
Western Asia
9
1990
9
4 4
57
43 21
16 1990
32
86
71 59
54
28
16 29
95
63
31
17
14
38
Southeastern Asia
0 3 2
4
2
4
1 12 1
22
61
9
17
84 11
12 1990
17
8
3
9 7 5 3
0 7
13
58
17
5
27
29
42
18 29
16
9
12
2011
Eastern Asia
1990
2011
1990
2011
Caucasus Developing and Central countries Asia
47 29
1990
2011
World
Open defecation
Figure 12. Trends in rural sanitation coverage by developing regions and the world, 1990-2011.
36
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
TRENDS IN URBAN AND RURAL DRINKING-WATER COVERAGE, 1990–2011 3
3
14
13
2 3
3 5 18
2
0 6
8
0 5
9
1 2 12
21
49 Coverage (%)
1
43
39
1 3
1 2 5
0 2 3
1 5 8
0 3 3
1 4 10
12
0 4
0 6
8
8
0 5 4
1 6 22
1 4 21
1 4
0 4
15
16
80
80
1990
2011
41
40 50
94 74
43
1990
41
34
2011
SubSaharan Africa
95
74
1990
2011
Oceania
1990
51
51
2011
1990
Southeastern Asia
Piped on premises
54
2011
Southern Asia
Other improved
85
84
92
1990
2011
1990
Caucasus and Central Asia
86
2011
Eastern Asia
Unimproved
85
1990
2011
Latin America & Caribbean
1990
88
2011
Western Asia
91 86
1990
2011
Northern Africa
71
1990
74
2011
Developing countries
World
Surface water
Figure 13. Trends in urban drinking-water coverage by developing regions and the world, 1990-2011.
12
19 33
3
10
13 40
41
2
2 5
7 12
29
26
10
10
13
20
11
11 34
16
30 Coverage (%)
7
32
23
14
57 46 31
25
4
1990
5
2011
SubSaharan Africa
1990
2011
Oceania
Piped on premises
5 1990
2011
Southeastern Asia
12
6
5
11
14
15 27
29
12 48 52
55 48
44
7 1990
2011
Other improved
41
38
32
12
15
Southern Asia
45
29
73
66
64
13
6
45 59
31 11
5
16
28
34
12
18
3 17
26
50
73
71
4
24
18
40 50
7
1990
2011
Caucasus and Central Asia Unimproved
1990
11 2011
Eastern Asia
1990
2011
Latin America & Caribbean
1990
2011
Western Asia
1990
2011
Northern Africa
1990
24 2011
Developing countries
17 1990
29 2011
World
Surface water
Figure 14. Trends in rural drinking-water coverage by developing regions and the world, 1990-2011.
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
37
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: REGIONAL GROUPINGS
t
Developing countries by regions Sub-Saharan Africa
Western Asia
Northern Africa
Oceania
Eastern Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Southern Asia
Caucasus and Central Asia
South-eastern Asia Developed countries
Least developed countries
Not applicable
Developing countries by regions SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
38
NORTHERN AFRICA
WESTERN ASIA
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara
EASTERN ASIA China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mongolia, Republic of Korea
SOUTHERN ASIA Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
SOUTH-EASTERN ASIA Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Viet Nam
Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, West Bank and Gaza Strip, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
OCEANIA American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas,
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States Virgin Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Developed countries Albania andorra, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bermuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Channel Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faeroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America
PROGRESS ON SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER2013 UPDATE
Least developed countries Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia
39
JMP web site: www.wssinfo.org
ISBN 978 92 4 150539 0
