San Francisco International Airport’s Sustainability Plan Development ACI-NA Annual Conference September, 2013 Presented by:

In Association with:

Houshang Esmaili, SFO

VHB Gensler

DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABILITY PLAN FOR SFO

We at SFO Have Embarked on Developing a Sustainability Plan to Provide Guidelines for Making our Operations: Economically Viable Environmentally Sustainable & Socially Equitable 2

SFO’S 2011-16 STRATEGIC PLAN SUSTAINABILITY GOALS • Ensure Positive Occupant and Passenger Experience: – Achieve LEED Gold Certification for All New Major Construction • Achieve Climate Neutrality for Commission Controlled Operations: – Reduce GHG Emissions to 40% Below 1990 Level by 2025 – Continue Mitigating >100% of Remaining GHG Emissions • Achieve 80% Solid Waste Recycling by 2015 and Zero Waste by 2020

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DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABILITY PLAN FOR SFO SFO Sustainability Plan Will include 12 Elements

Currently Working on Five Elements: *Sustainable Planning, Design and Construction Sustainable Operation & Maintenance Environmental Management System Aircraft Noise Mitigation Water Quality Management

*Focus of this presentation 4

DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABILITY PLAN FOR SFO Remaining Plan Elements: Energy Procurement Materials Procurement Equipment Procurement Climate Change Adaptation Air Quality Enhancement Employee Sustainability Program SFO Enterprise Sustainability Program

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SFO SUSTAINABLE PLANNING, DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. REQUIREMENTS

3. IMPLEMENTATION

4. TECHNICAL TOOLS

5. BUILDING SCIENCE

6. CASE STUDIES

7. REFERENCES

1.1 OVERVIEW

2.1 SUSTAINABILITY AT SFO A. SFO SUSTAINABILITY GOALS B. CRITERIA & TARGETS

3.1 PROJECT PROCESS

4.1 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

5.1

DESIGNING & CONSTRUCTING NET-ZERO HIGH PERFORMANCE AND HEALTHY BUILDINGS: OVERVIEW 5.2 DYNAMICS OF COMFORT A. OVERVIEW B. IMPACT OF COMFORT C. THERMAL COMFORT D. VISUAL AND ACOUSTIC COMFORT E. INDOOR AIR QUALITY 5.3 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE A. OVERVIEW B. NATURAL VENTILATION: OPENINGS C. NATURAL VENTILATION: AIR MOVEMENT D. MECHANICAL VENTILATION E. DAYLIGHTING F. GLASS ENERGY VALUES G. SUN PROTECTION H.THERMAL INSULATION I. ACOUSTIC INSULATION & SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS (STC) J. SOLAR REFLECTANCE INDEX K. GREEN ROOFS

6.1 CASE STUDY OVERVIEWS

7.1 SF GREEN BUILDING

1.2 HOW TO USE THESE GUIDELINES

2.2 KEY MANDATORY CODES A. CODES & TARGETS OVERVIEW B. SUMMARY MATRIX 2.3 SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS A. GUIDE TO MATRICES CONTENT B. ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE C. COMFORT & HEALTH D. WATER & WASTEWATER E. SITE & HABITAT F. MATERIALS & RESOURCES G. EQUITY & AESTHETICS

3.2 ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 3.3 QUICK RESPONSE TEAM (QRT) ENGAGEMENT 3.4 LEED CONSIDERATIONS A. PROJECT DOCUMENTATION B. OWNER PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

(LCA) A. OVERVIEW B. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AT SFO C. ATHENA IMPACT ESTIMATOR (IE) D. BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY ( BEES) 4.2 ENERGY MODELING A. OVERVIEW B. RAPID PROTOTYPING, CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT & SCHEMATIC DESIGN C. LOAD CALCULATION, EQUIPMENT SIZING & CODE COMPLIANCE 4.3 HEALTH-BASED DESIGN RESOURCES A. CHEMICAL LISTS & DECLARATIONS

6.2 SFO TERMINAL 2 6.3 PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL JETPORT 6.4 SFPUC HEADQUARTERS

BUILDING SCIENCE (CONTINUED)

REQUIREMENTS SAMPLE CHECKLIST 7.2 LEED CHECKLISTS A. NEW CONSTRUCTION B. COMMERCIAL INTERIORS C. CORE & SHELL D. EXISTING BUILDINGS E. TERMINAL 2 FINAL LEED SCORECARD 7.3 SFO QRT MATRIX

L. SOLAR PASSIVE SYSTEMS 5.4 ON-SITE POWER GENERATION A.SOLAR ACTIVE SYSTEMS B.WIND SYSTEMS C.GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP 5.5

HEALTH-BASED DESIGN AND OCCUPANT WELLBEING A. MATERIAL & PRODUCT SELECTION

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SFO’S SUSTAINABLE PLANNING DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES

The Focus of SFO’S Sustainable PD&C Guidelines is on Relevant Mandatory Requirements, Voluntary CALGreen Sustainability Measures and Expanded SFO Sustainability Requirements for Defined Sustainability Parameters

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SPECIFIC PD&C SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA AND TARGETS • Comply with All Mandated Legal Requirements and LEED Gold Required Measures in: - Energy & Atmosphere - Health & Comfort - Materials & Resources - Equity & Aesthetics - Site & Habitat - Water & Wastewater • Assess and Implement Expanded SFO Requirements for the Same Parameters, if Feasible

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CODES & TARGETS REVIEW 

National – –

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LEED Certification Requirements Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

California State – – –

San Francisco Bay Area Region –

–

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Bay Area Air Quality Management District (Title V Permit, GHG Control) San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control Board (NPDES Permit) San Francisco Bay Conservation & Development Commission

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CALGreen (Title 24 Building Code) California Energy Code California Fair Employment & Housing Act

City & County of San Francisco – – – –

SF Environment Code SF Planning Code SF Public Works Code SF Administrative Code

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SFO EXPANDED REQUIREMENTS: ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE Greenhouse Gas Reduction - Reduce GHG Emission from Construction Activities - Minimize Natural Gas Consumption

*Energy Consumption Optimization - Aim for LEED Platinum Certification - Automate HVAC and Lighting Systems - Implement CalGreen Voluntary Measures (VM): Exterior shading, Extra 30% Energy Saving, Energy Star Equipment and Appliances, Energy Efficient Elevators, Escalators, etc.

Energy System Commissioning - Track and Record System Consumption and Performance - CalGreen VM: Install Sub metering or Equivalent Energy Monitoring and Data Storage

On-Site Renewable and Alternative Energy - CalGreen VM: Install Renewable Energy Systems or Provide Needed Infrastructure for Future Installation of the Systems

Refrigerant Gas Management - Eliminate or Minimize Refrigerant Gas leakage, Phase out any Ozone Depleting Gases - CalGreen VM: Avoid the use of HCFCs in HVAC/Refrigeration Equipment

Criteria Pollutants/Air Toxics - Reduce Air Toxic Emissions above the Requirements of Title V Permit

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SFO EXPANDED REQUIREMENTS: COMFORT & HEALTH Daylight Access - Meet Minimum 75% Daylight Access

Indoor Air Quality - Use Zero/Very Low VOC Containing Products

*Ventilation - Provide Displacement Ventilation/Under Floor Air Distribution

Chemicals of Concern - Adopt CARB Formaldehyde Limits - Incorporate Pest Habitat Denial

Green Cleaning - Design to Suit Green Cleaning & Maintenance Policy

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SFO EXPANDED REQUIREMENTS: WATER & WASTEWATER Stormwater Management - Use Permeable Pavement for Areas with Suitable Soil Conditions *Water Use Efficiency - Reuse Treated Wastewater for Toilet and Urinal Flushing, Vehicle Washing & Landscape Irrigation - Comply with CALGreen Voluntary Water Saving Measures Water Quality Management - Minimize Discharge of Nutrients to the Bay

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SFO EXPANDED REQUIREMENTS: SITE & HABITAT Habitat & Open Space - Install Green Roofs, where Feasible, and Plant Trees - Comply with Bird Safe Building Ordinance Transportation - Provide Electric Vehicle Recharging - Link to Regional Transportation Hubs, where Feasible Heat Islands - Provide PV Canopies - Reduce Non-roof Heat Island Effects by other Means *Climate Change Adaptation - Provide Operable Windows, Geothermal HVAC , Renewable Energy and Hardened Infrastructure Building Orientation - Orient Buildings to Enhance Day-lighting & Cooling Impacts

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SFO EXPANDED REQUIREMENTS: MATERIALS & RESOURCES Resource Conservation - Use Durable Materials - Design for Deconstruction, Reuse & Recycling - Comply with Voluntary CalGreen Provisions Regional Sourcing - Integrate Local/Regional Sourcing with Local Hire - Target 15% Regional Materials by Cost *Life Cycle Based Analysis & Selection - Perform comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis for Materials Selection Zero Waste - Pursue Extended Producer Responsibility - Minimize Waste Generation - Facilitate Source Separation in all Buildings

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SFO EXPANDED REQUIREMENTS: EQUITY & AESTHETICS *Fair Labor Practices - Require Submittal of Code of Conduct or Ethics Policy from Designers & Builders Universal Design - Design for Equitable Use, Simple Intuitive Use, Perceptible Information, Low Physical Effort, Size & Approach Aesthetics - Establish & Implement Overall Aesthetic Criteria *Community Engagement - Include Meeting-Greeting Areas for Passengers - Expand Green Education Programs for the Public

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PROJECT PROCESS • Guiding Principles • Planning • Design • Construction • Operations & Maintenance • Recommended Sustainability Assessment Procedures

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GUIDING PRINCIPLES – SUSTAINABLE PLANNING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Define the Needs Optimize the Scale Secure Stakeholder Input Site to Avoid/Minimize Environmental Impacts *Identify Sustainability Objectives *Define Codes, Procedures and Tools to Meet Sustainability Objectives 7. *Define Procedures for Incorporating #6 Methods in Design & Construction 8. Ensure Achieving Minimum LEED Gold Certification

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GUIDING PRINCIPLES – SUSTAINABLE DESIGN 1. *Refine Sustainability Objectives Developed in Planning Stage 2. *Perform Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 3. *Balance Life Cycle Cost and Life Cycle Impact in the Final Design 4. Minimize Energy Consumption 5. Minimize Resource Use for Building O&M 6. Maximize Health & Comfort Amenities 7. Minimize Pollutant Emissions 8. Ensure LEED Gold or Higher Level Certification

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GUIDING PRINCIPLES – SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION 1. *Incorporate Sustainability Goals & Objectives in Construction Contracts 2. *Ensure Compliance with Sustainability Objectives 3. Minimize Environmental Impact of Construction Operations 4. Ensure Workers’ Health & Safety in Construction Activities 5. Require Efficiency and Cost Effectiveness in Construction

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GUIDING PRINCIPLES – SUSTAINABLE O&M PRACTICES 1. Minimize Energy Use and Maximize Efficiency of HVAC & Lighting Systems 2. *Automate the Operation of HVAC and Lighting Systems 3. *Incorporate Maintenance Operations in the Building Automation System 4. Minimize Water Use and Waste Generation 5. Compile Resource Usage Data and Review for O&M Optimization 6. Maximize Resource Recycling 7. Meet LEED O&M Certification Standards

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RECOMMENDED SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSEMENT PROCEDURE

1. *Develop Two or More Conceptual Layouts of Whole Building 2. *Perform Whole Building LCA for each Alternative Including Climate Impact 3. *Minimize LCI of Building Materials 4. *Document Building Deconstruction Impact 5. *Document Estimated LCC for each Alternate 6. *Use LCA and LCC Parameters as Input for Selecting the Final Design 7. Repeat Assessment for the Final As-Built Design 8. Prepare Report Comparing Outcomes for As-Built and after 5 Years of Operation 21

PD&C QUICK RESPONSE TEAM (QRT) ENGAGEMENT • • • •

• • • • • •

Project Initiation Phase P&D Phase Including LEED Certification Analysis Design of Building Envelope Materials Procurement and Life Cycle Assessment HVAC Systems Energy Efficiency Indoor Air Quality Water Use and Waste Generation C&D Waste Management Building Commissioning

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BUILDING SCIENCE •

• • •

Building Physics and the Dynamics of Comfort Building Technology to Enhance Performance On-Site Energy Generation Health Based Design and Occupant Well Being

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SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSEMENT TOOLS •

LCA Tools: – ISO 14000 Guidelines – Athena Impact Assessment – Building for Environment and Economic Sustainability Model • Regulatory Considerations: – SF Ordinance 81-08’s Climate Change Goals – CalGreen Voluntary Assessment (AS-409) • Whole Building LCA • Materials & Systems Assemblies • Energy Modeling & Analysis – Rapid Prototyping and Design Tools – Detailed Analysis and Code Compliance Tools • Health Based Design – Chemical Lists and Declarations 24 -

CASE STUDIES • SFO Terminal 2 • Portland International Jetport • SFPUC Headquarters • San Jose International Airport

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THANK YOU

Houshang Esmaili [email protected] www.flysfo.com/Sustainability 26