SAMPLE CHAPTERS ON

HANDBOOK OF PRACTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY [A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS]

BY DR. RAJESH KUMAR SINGH M. PHARM., PH.D.

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY SHIVALIK COLLEGE OF PHARMACY (UNDER LOVAL GOVT. DEPT. PUNJAB) NAGAL, ROPAR, PUNJAB

Note: For any kind of queries or suggestions, please contact the author.

LIST OF CONTENTS 1. Calibration of balance and apparatus 1.1. To familiarize with analytical balance, weight box and use of rider. 1.2. To transfer a definite weight of the given chemical using weighing by difference method. 1.3. To transfer a definite weight of the given chemical using weighing by addition method. 1.4. To calibrate the given volumetric flask. 1.5. To calibrate the given pipette. 1.6. To calibrate the given burette. 2. Acid-base titration 2.1. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N HCl using sodium carbonate as primary standard. 2.2. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N NaOH using succinic acid as primary standard. 2.3. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N H2SO4 using standard sodium hydroxide as secondary standard. 2.4. To determine the percentage purity (assay) of given sample of ammonium chloride using standard 0.1 N NaOH. 2.5. To determine the amount of carbonate and hydroxide in a given sample using standard 0.1 N HCl. 2.6. To determine the percentage purity (assay) of acetic acid in a given sample of vinegar standard 0.1 N NaOH. 2.7. To determine the percentage purity (assay) of boric acid in a given sample using standard 0.1 N NaOH. 2.8. To determine the percentage purity (assay) of sodium bicarbonate in a given sample using standard 0.1 N H2SO4. 2.9. To determine the percentage purity (assay) of sodium bicarbonate in a given sample using standard 0.1 N HCl. 2.10. To determine the percentage purity (assay) of ammonia using standard 0.1 N H2SO4by back titration. 3. Oxidation-reduction titrations 3.1. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N KMnO4 solution using sodium oxalate as primary standard. 3.2. To determine the percentage purity (assay) of ferrous sulphate using standard 0.1 N KMnO4. 3.3. To determine the percentage purity (assay) of hydrogen peroxide using standard 0.1 N KMnO4. 3.4. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N iodine solution using arsenic trioxide as primary standard (Iodimetry). 3.5. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N sodium thiosulphate solution using potassium dichromate as primary standard (Iodometry). 3.6. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N iodine solution using standard 0.1 N sodium thiosulphate as secondary standard (Iodimetry)

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3.7. To determine the percentage purity (assay) of copper sulphate using standard 0.1 N sodium thiosulphate solution (Iodometry). 4. Argentometric titrations 4.1. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N AgNO3 using sodium chloride as primary standard (Mohr’s method). 4.2. To determine the percentage purity of given sample of sodium chloride injection using standard 0.1 N AgNO3 (Mohr’s method). 4.3. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N ammonium thiocyanate solution using standard AgNO3 as secondary standard (Volhard’s method). 4.4. To determine the percentage purity of given sample of ammonium chloride using standard 0.1 N AgNO3 (Volhard’s method). 4.5. To determine the percentage purity of given sample of potassium chloride using standard 0.1 N AgNO3 (Volhard’s method). 5. Complexometric titration 5.1. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N EDTA using granulated zinc as primary standard. 5.2. To determine the percentage purity of given sample of calcium carbonate using standard 0.1 N EDTA (Direct titration). 5.3. To determine the percentage purity of given tablet of calcium lactate using standard 0.1 N EDTA (Direct titration). 5.4. To determine the percentage purity of given sample of magnesium sulphate using standard 0.1 N EDTA (Direct titration). 5.5. To determine the total hardness of water using 0.1 N EDTA. 5.5. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N zinc sulphate solution using standard 0.1 N EDTA. 5.6. To determine the percentage purity of given sample of calcium phosphate using standard 0.1 N EDTA (Back- titration). 5.7. To determine the percentage purity of given sample of sodium calcium edetate using standard 0.1 N EDTA (Replacement titration).

6. Non-aqueous titration 6.1. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N perchloric (HClO4) acid using potassium hydrogen phthalate as primary standard. 6.2. To determine the percentage purity of given sample of sodium acetate using standard 0.1 N HClO4. 6.3. To determine the percentage purity of nitrazepam in a given tablet of nitrazepam using standard 0.1 N HClO4. 6.3. To determine the percentage purity of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in a given tablet of chlorpromazine hydrochloride using standard 0.1 N HClO4. 6.4. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution using benzoic acid as primary standard.

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6.5. To determine the percentage purity of ethosuximide in a given tablet of ethosuximide using standard 0.1 N tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. 6.6. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N sodium methoxide solution using benzoic acid as primary standard. 6.7. To determine the percentage purity of allopurinol in a given tablet of ethosuximide using standard 0.1 N tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.

7. Diazotization titration 7.1. To prepare and standardize 0.1 N sodium nitrite solution using sulphanilic acid as primary standard. 7.2. To find out the contents of sulphamethoxazole in given tablet using standard 0.1 N sodium nitrite.

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SAMPLE CHAPTERS EXPERIMENT-1 TO PREPARE AND STANDARDIZE 0.1 N HCl USING SODIUM CARBONATE AS PRIMARY STANDARD THEORY Laboratory grade hydrochloric acid cannot be used as primary standard as it is not sufficiently pure because of its gaseous form at room temperature. So the solution of hydrochloric acid needs to be standardized before any analytical applications. In order to standardize it, one must have an especially pure reagent which can be accurately weighed out on analytical balance. This pure reagent is called primary standards which are extremely pure, stable, has no water of hydration, and has a high molecular weight. Various primary standards can be used for standardization of hydrochloric acid like anhydrous sodium carbonate (eq. wt.= 53), potassium bicarbonate (eq. wt.= 100), thallous carbonate (eq. wt.= 234.40), borax (eq. wt.= 190.70) etc. In this experiment, a standard solution of sodium carbonate will be used as the primary standard to determine the exact concentration of a hydrochloric acid solution. The neutralization reactions that take place in two steps are as follows:

The pH at the completion of this reaction is 3.93 (acidic). For this pH, methyl orange indicator solution can be used. At the end-point – when neutralisation just occurs – the indicator changes colour from yellow to orange. Note: a) All burette readings must be read and recorded to 2 decimal places. For example, if the volume of the solution in the burette used was 10.5 ml, record down as 10.50 ml and not 10.5. The zero is significant and must be included.

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b) Round off your answers to 3 significant figures. For example, if your result is 0.12 N, record down as 0.12 N and not 0.1 N.

PROCEDURE Calculation: Calculation for making 0.1 N HCl acid: To prepare 500 ml of a 0.1 N HCl, 4.20 ml of conc HCl will be diluted to 500.0 ml of distilled water. Before making any calculations, use only one system and one unit of measurement. DO NOT mix measurement systems and units. Descriptive method 1000 ml of 1 N HCl =36.50 g eq. of HCl 500 ml of 0.1 N HCl= 36.5 x 500 x 0.1 1000 = 1.82 g of HCl Density= Mass Volume Volume=Mass 1.82 g = 1.51 ml of HCl Density 1.20 g/ml Since the purity of conc. HCl is 36.50 % Therefore, 36.50 % = 1.51 ml 100 % = 1.51 x 100 = 4.20 ml 36.5

Shortcut method 1 M= No. of moles or Mass (g) x 1000 Volume (L) Equivalent mass x volume (ml) 0.1 = Mass (g) x 1000 = Mass = 1.82 g of HCl 36.50 x 500 Density= Mass Volume Volume=Mass Density

1.82 g = 1.51 ml of HCl 1.20 g/ml

Since the purity of conc. HCl is 36.50 % Therefore, 36.50 % = 1.51 ml 100 % = 1.51 x 100 = 4.20 ml 36.5 Shortcut method 2 N1V1 = N2V2 (Desired strength) (Conc. HCl)

V2= N1V1 = 0.1 x 500 = 4.3 ml, N2 =Normality of N2 11.50 conc. HCl acid Hence, about 4.2 ml of HCl will be measured and dissolve in 200 ml of distilled water and volume will be made up to 500 ml to make 0.1 N HCl solution. Preparation of 0.1 N standard sodium carbonate solution Descriptive method Shortcut method 1000 ml of 1.0 N Na2CO3 = 53.0 g eq. of M= No. of moles or Mass (g) x 1000 Na2CO3 Volume (L) Equivalent mass x volume (ml) (Since two mol of HCl will react with one mol of Na2CO3 )

100 ml of 0.1 N HCl= 53.0 x 100 x 0.1 1000 = 0.53 g of Na2CO3

0.1 = Mass (g) x 1000 = Mass= 0.53 g of HCl 53.0 x 100

Hence, Weigh accurately nearly 0.53 g of sodium carbonate and dissolve in 50 ml of distilled water and make up the volume to 100 ml.

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Standardization of HCl solution using sodium carbonate as primary standard. Preparation of Hydrochloric acid solution: S. No 1.

2.

3.

Steps Measure about 4.20 ml of HCl by measuring cylinder and dissolved in 200 ml of distilled water and make up the volume to 500 ml to make 0.1 N HCl. Never add water to concentrated acid. Rinse the burette with distilled water and fill the burette with above prepared hydrochloric acid solution to the zero mark using funnel Remove the funnel from the burette and note the reading in note book. Eye must be horizontal to meniscus.

Reason As per above calculation.

Burette is rinsed to wash out any impurities left while doing previous titration. So that drops of solution from the funnel will not fall into the burette. Eye must be horizontal to meniscus to remove parallax erro.

Preparation of standard 0.1 N sodium carbonate solution (standard solution):

S. No 1.

2. 3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Steps Weigh nearly about 0.53 g of sodium carbonate as primary standard in watch glass and dissolve in volumetric flask (100 ml) where 50 ml distilled water is already filled. Stopper the flask and mix your solution thoroughly by inverting the flask. Make up the volume to the mark using a dropping pipette to add the last few milliliters of distilled water.

Reason Sodium carbonate is very pure and stable and therefore use as primary standard.

Using the clean pipette (rinsed with distilled water and sodium carbonate solution), transfer 10.0 ml of sodium carbonate solution into the clean conical flask (rinsed with distilled water only). When the whole solution has been drained into

To ensure that all the sodium carbonate solution is transferred to the volumetric flask. To allow the last of the liquid

To ensure proper mixing without producing bubbles. To prevent ‘overshooting’ the mark resulting in change in strength. If this occurs, the experiment will have to be started again. Transfer the prepared solution to a clean, dry storage As volumetric flask is bottle and label it if want to store overnight. NEVER transparent, this may degrade light sensitive solution so store store solutions in a volumetric flask. in amber coloured bottle. prevent accidental Never hold large volumetric flask by the neck To breakage of apparatus. alone. Provide support at the bottom.

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conical flask, touch the tip of the pipette to the side of to drain out. A small amount the flask. DO NOT blow out the pipette. of solution will always remain at the pipette’s tip. 8.

Add 2-3 drops of methyl orange indicator. Note the Methyl orange is colour of the solution. indicator at this pH.

best

9.

Place the conical flask on a white tile or sheet of white To assist in seeing the change paper. in colour at the end-point.

Titration of hydrochloric acid solution and sodium carbonate solution (standard): S. No 1.

2.

Steps Carry out a rough titration by adding hydrochloric acid solution from the burette with constantly swirling the flask, until the colour of the solution in the conical flask changes from yellow to reddishyellow. Note the burette reading and calculate how much acid was used. This is only a trial titration and gives the approximate value of the end point.

Reason Constant swirling will ensure complete mixing of reactants.

This information enables the subsequent titrations to be carried out more quickly.

3.

Again, pipette 10.0 ml of sodium carbonate solution Methyl orange is best into the flask and add 2-3 drops of methyl orange indicator at this acidic pH. indicator.

4.

Add hydrochloric acid solution from the burette To get end point quickly and rapidly at the start of the titration and then slowly near more accurately. the rough end point until the colour of the solution changes from yellow to orange.

5.

Repeat the titration until you get the concordant This will minimize error by results (two readings agree within 0.1 ml) getting accurate readings within 0.1 ml of each other. Donot try to match the colour of the repeat On long standing, the colour titration with the previous titration. Just watch for may fade or disaapear. the change in colour. Take the average of the concordant results To minimize the error. excluding the rough titration reading and calculate the concentration of hydrochloric acid.

6.

7.

Observation Table (Specimen reading) S. Volume of Na2CO3 solution Burette reading No (ml) Initial

Final

Volume of HCl used (ml)

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1. 2. 3.

10.0 (Rough titration) 10.0 10.0

0.0 10.0 20.0

9.6 19.90 29.80

10.10 9.50 9.60

Average of 2 and 3 reading= 9.50 + 9.60 = 9.55 2 Nacid x Vacid = Nacid =

N(sod. carb.) x V(sod. carb.)

N(sod. carb.) x V(sod. carb = 0.1 x 10 Volume of Na2CO3 solution in each titration = 10 ml Vacid 9.55 Concentration of Na2CO3 = 0.1 M N1 = 0.105

RESULT The normality of hydrochloric acid solution is 0.105 N.

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Using the equations attached to the experiment and all of your knowledge about reactions and statistics answer the following questions. 1. Calculate the approximate weight of sodium carbonate required so that about 15.0 mL of 0.20 N NaOH will be consumed in a titration. (E.W. sodium carbonate = 53 g/equiv.) N= No. of moles or Mass (g) x 1000 Volume (L) Eq. weight x volume (ml)

Mass= Normality x Volume (ml) x Eq. weight 1000 Mass= 0.20 x 53.0 x 15.0 = 0.159 g of sodium carbonate 1000 Hence, 0.159 g of sodium carbonate is required to titrate with 20 ml of 0.20 N NaOH 2. If 20 ml of the 0.1 N sodium carbonate solution uses 10 ml of the hydrochloric acid solution for complete neutralization. Calculate the normality of the acid. (E.W. sodium carbonate = 53 g/equiv.) Nacid = 20.0 x 0.1 = 0.2 N 10.0 N1 x V1 = N2 x V2 (Acid) (Na2CO3)

Hence, normality of the hydrochloric acid is 0.20 N

3. If 20 ml of the HCl solution reacts with 25.0 ml of 0.15 N NaOH. Calculate the strength of the HCl solution in grams of HCl per litre. (E.W. of HCl = 36.5 g/equiv.) Strength in grams per litre = Normality x Equivalent weight of the solute. N1 x V1 = N2 x V2 (HCl) (NaOH)

Nacid = 25.0 x 0.50 = 0.625 N 20.0

Strength of HCl solution = 0.625 x 36.5 = 22.8 grams of HCl/litre 4. Titration reveals that 15.50 ml of 0.15 M HCl are required to neutralize 25.0 ml of NaOH solution. What is the normality and strength of the NaOH solution?

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Preparation of 0.1 N HCl soln.

Measure 4.2 ml of HCl and dissolve in 200 ml of distilled water and make up the volume to 500 ml

Fill the burette with hydrochloric acid solution to the zero mark using f unnel Remove the funnel, so that drops of solution f rom the f unnel will not f all into the burette and record the reading in note book.

Preparation of 0.1 N Na2CO3 soln.

Stardardization of 0.1 N HCl soln.

Weigh 0.53 g of sodium carbonate in volumetric f lask (100 ml) and make up the volume to 100 ml

Using pipette, transf er 10 ml of sodium carbonate solution into the clean conical f lask DO NOT blow the last drop f rom the pipette.

Add 2-3 drops of methyl orange indicator. Note the colour of the solution.

Add HCl solution f rom the burette with constant swirling until the colour of the solution turns yellow to reddishyellow.

Constant swirling of conical f lask will ensure complete mixing of reactants.

Note the burette reading and calculate how much acid was used.

This is only a trial titration and gives the approximate value of the end point.

Rough reading will enable quick subsequent titrations

Repeat the titration until two readings agree within 0.1 ml.

Take the average of the readings

Flowchart illustrating the preparation and standardization of 0.1 N HCl.

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EXPERIMENT-2 TO PREPARE AND STANDARDIZE 0.1 N NaOH USING SUCCINIC ACID AS PRIMARY STANDARD THEORY Solid sodium hydroxide cannot be used as a primary standard as it is not available in pure form because it absorbs atmospheric moisture and carbon dioxide during storage and also during a weighing operation.

Since hydroxide ion is consumed by this reaction, the concentration of a standard sodium hydroxide solution will be changed. Another reason for not using sodium hydroxide solutions as primary standard is that it often contains significant amounts of impurities as carbonates and bicarbonates, and is highly hygroscopic. Therefore the solution of sodium hydroxide needs to be standardized before any analytical applications. Various primary standards can be used for standardization of sodium hydroxide like succinic acid (eq. wt. = 59), potassium hydrogen phthalate (eq. wt. = 204.0), benzoic acid (eq. wt.= 122.0), sulfamic acid (eq. wt.= 97.0) etc. In the present experiment, a standard solution of succinic acid is used as the primary standard to determine the exact concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution. The succinic acid is stable, pure, well characterized material which dissolves in water to produce H+ and succinate ions. Succinic acid contains two titrable acidic hydrogens, which react according to the equations as follows:

The pH at the completion of this reaction is around 8.0 (basic). For this pH, phenolphthalein indicator solution can be used. At the end-point – when neutralisation just occurs – the indicator changes colour from colourless to faint pink.

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PROCEDURE Calculation: Calculation for making 0.1 N NaOH solution: To prepare 500 ml of a 0.1 N NaOH, weigh about 2.0 g of NaOH and dissolve in 200 ml of distilled water and make up the volume to 500 ml with distilled water. Before making any calculations, use only one system and one unit of measurement. DO NOT mix measurement systems and units. Descriptive method 1000 ml of 1 N NaOH = 40 g of NaOH 500 ml of 0.1 N NaOH= 40 x 500 x 0.1 1000 = 2.0 g of NaOH

Shortcut method N= No. of moles or Mass (g) x 1000 Volume (L) Molar mass x volume (ml) 0.1 = Mass (g) x 1000 40 x 500

= Mass = 2.0 g of NaOH

Hence, 2.0 g of NaOH will be weighed and dissolve in 200 ml of distilled water and volume will be made up to 500 ml to make 0.1 M NaOH solution.

Preparation of 0.1 M standard succinic acid solution Descriptive method Shortcut method 1000 ml of 1 N succinc acid =59.0 g eq. of N= No. of moles or Mass (g) x 1000 succinic acid Volume (L) Equivalent mass x volume (ml) (Since two mol of NaOH will react with one mol of succinic acid )

100 ml of 0.1 N HCl= 59.0 x 100 x 0.1 1000 = 0.59 g of Na2CO3

0.1 = Mass (g) x 1000 = Mass= 0.59 g of HCl 59.0 x 100

Hence, weigh nearly about 0.59 g of succinic acid and dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water and make up the volume to 100 ml.

Standardization of NaOH solution using succinic acid as primary standard. Preparation of 0.1 N NaOH solution: . S. No 1.

Steps Weigh about 2.0 g of NaOH and dissolve in 200 ml of freshly prepared distilled water and make up the volume to 500 ml to make 0.1 N NaOH.

Reason Tap and even deionised water may contain dissolved carbon dioxide.

2.

Fill the burette with as much NaOH solution as needed for titration. PREPARE THE BURETTE WHEN IT NEEDED. Remove the funnel from the burette and note the

To prevent exposing NaOH to the atmospheric moisture and CO2. So that drops of solution from

3.

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reading in note book.

the funnel will not fall into the burette

Preparation of standard solution of 0.1 N succinic acid: S. No 1.

2. 3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Steps 0.53 g of succinic acid as primary standard will be weighed in watch glass and dissolve in 100 volumetric flask where 50 ml distilled water is already filled. Stopper the flask and mix your solution thoroughly by inverting the flask. Make up the volume to the mark using a dropping pipette to add the last few milliliters of distilled water.

Reason Succinic acid is very pure and stable and therefore use as primary standard.

Using the clean pipette (rinsed with distilled water and sodium carbonate solution), transfer 10 ml of sodium carbonate solution into the clean conical flask (rinsed with distilled water only). When the whole solution has been drained, touch the tip of the pipette to the side of the flask.

To ensure that all of the succinic acid solution is transferred to the volumetric flask. To allow the last of the liquid to drain out. DO NOT blow out the pipette.

To ensure proper mixing without producing bubbles. To prevent ‘overshooting’ the mark resulting in change in strength. If this occurs, the experiment will have to be started again. Transfer the prepared solution to a clean, dry storage As volumetric flask is bottle and label it if want to store overnight. NEVER transparent, this may degrade light sensitive solution so store store solutions in a volumetric flask. in amber coloured bottle. prevent accidental Never hold large volumetric flask by the neck To breakage of apparatus. alone. Provide support at the bottom.

Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Note the Phenolphthalein (transition pH colour of the solution. range 8.0-9.6) is the appropriate indicator at this pH.

Titration of sodium hydroxide solution and succinic acid solution (standard) S. No 1.

2.

Steps Carry out a rough titration by adding NaOH solution from the burette with constantly swirling the flask, until the colour of the solution in the conical flask changes from colorless to faint pink. Note the burette reading and calculate how much base

Reason Constant swirling will ensure complete mixing of reactants.

This information enables the 14

was used. This is only a trial titration and gives the subsequent titrations to be approximate value of the end point. carried out more quickly. 3.

Again, pipette 10 ml of succinic acid solution into the Phenolphthalein is flask and add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. indicator at this pH. Fill the burette with fresh sodium hydroxide solution.

4.

Add sodium hydroxide solution from the burette To get end point quickly and rapidly at the start of the titration and then slowly near more accurately. the rough end point until the colour of the solution changes from colourless to faint pink.

5.

Repeat the titration until you get the concordant This will minimize error by results (two readings agree within 0.1 ml) getting accurate readings within 0.1 ml of each other. Donot try to match the colour of the repeat On long standing, the colour titration with the previous titration. Just watch for may fade or disappear. the change in colour. Take the average of the concordant results To minimize the error. excluding the rough titration reading and calculate the normality of sodium hydroxide.

6.

7.

Observation Table (Specimen reading) S. Volume of succinic acid No solution (ml) 1. 10.0 (Rough titration) 2. 10.0 3. 10.0

Burette reading Initial 0.0 10.0 20

Final 9.6 19.9 29.8

best

Volume of NaOH used (ml) 10.1 9.50 9.60

Average of 2 and 3 cocordant readings= 9.50 + 9.60 = 9.55 2 NNaOH x VNaOH = N(succ. acid.) x V(succ.acid.) NNaOH = N(succ. acid) x V (succ. VNaOH

acid)

= 0.1 x 10 Volume of succinic acid solution in each titration = 10 ml 9.55 Normality of succinic acid = 0.1 M

NNaOH = 0.105 N

RESULT Concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.105 M.

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Using the equations attached to the experiment and all of your knowledge about reactions and statistics answer the following questions. 1. Calculate the approximate weight of succinic required so that about 20.0 ml of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide will be used in a titration. (E.W. succinic acid= 59.0 g/equiv.) N= No. of moles or Mass (g) x 1000 Volume (L) Eq. weight x volume (ml)

Mass= Normality x Volume (ml) x Eq. weight 1000 Mass= 0.1 x 59.0 x 20.0 = 0.118 g of succinic acid 1000 Hence, 0.118 g of succinic acid is required to titrate with 20 ml of 0.1 N NaOH

2. Calculate the normality of a solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) prepared by mixing a 0.50 g in 50.0 ml of water. (E.W. KHP = 204.0 g/equiv.) N= No. of moles or Mass (g) x 1000 Volume (L) Eq. weight x volume (ml) N = 0.50 x 1000 = 0.049 N 204 x 50 Hence, the normality of 0.049 N will be prepared by mixing 0.5 g of KHP in 50.0 ml of water.

3. Calculate the approximate weight of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) require to prepare 100 ml of 0.1 N KHP solutions for standardization of sodium hydroxide solution. (E.W. KHP = 204 g/equiv.) 2.04 g of KHP

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Flowchart illustrating the preparation and standardization of 0.1 N NaOH

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EXPERIMENT-3 TO DETERMINE THE PERCENTAGE PURITY OF GIVEN SAMPLE OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE USING STANDARD 0.1 N NaOH THEORY % purity is the percentage of the material which is the actually desired chemical in a sample of it. In pharmaceutical industry, it would not be acceptable to manufacture a drug with impurities in it that may be harmful to health. However in any chemical process it is almost impossible to get 100.00 % purity and so sample should be analyzed in industry for % purity to monitor the quality of the product. Ammonium chloride is also known as the salt of ammonia. It is represented by a chemical formula NH4Cl. Ammonium chloride when dissolve in water form acidic solution. Reaction between ammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide produces some new compounds like ammonia, water and sodium chloride. Ammonia gas liberated may combine with hydrochloric acid to form ammonium chloride and hence direct titration of ammonium chloride with sodium hydroxide produce erroneous results.

So for the titration of ammonia chloride with base, the addition of formaldehyde would improve the titration. The ammonium chloride reacts with formaldehyde to form hexamethylene tetramine. Because the weak acid ammonium (pKa 9.3) is converted to the stronger hexamethylene tetramine ion (pKa 4.9). This improves the end point.

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PROCEDURE S. No 1. 2.

Steps 0.1 N NaOH will be prepared and standardized using succinic acid. Weigh accurately about 0.1 g of ammonium chloride in triplicate in analytical balance using weighing by difference method directly into a conical flask and add 20 ml of water.

Reason As per the procedure explained previously. This helps to make sure that results are consistence with each other. Scientific evidence must be reproducible.

3.

Add a mixture of 5.0 ml of formaldehyde solution Formaldehyde improves the (previously neutralize to dilute phenolphthalein) and titration by forming 20 ml of water. hexamethylenetetramine.

4.

After two minutes, add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein To get end point quickly and indicator and titrate solution slowly against 0.1 N more accurately. NaOH till faint pink colour appear.

5.

Note down the burette reading. Repeat the titration Averaging of the results will with other two flasks and take the average readings of minimize the random error. sample taken and volume of NaOH used.

Note: Neutralization of formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is neutralized by taking in a conical flask 20 ml formaldehyde solution and two drops of phenolphthalein then titrate against 0.1 N NaOH till faint pink colour appear. Observation Table (Specimen reading) S. Amount of sample taken (g) No 1. 0.095 2. 0.11 3. 0.10 Total 0.305 Mean of sample taken 0.305/3=0.101 g

Burette reading Initial 0.0 0.0 0.0

Volume of NaOH used (ml) Final 17.0 17.0 18.2 18.2 17.8 17.8 Total 53.0 Mean of volume used 53.0/3= 17.6 ml

Calculation for percentage purity: Descriptive method 1000 ml of 1 N NaOH=53.5 g eq. of NH4Cl 17.6 ml of 0.1 N NaOH= 53.5 x 17.6 x 0.1 1000 = 0.0942 g 0.101 g of sample contains= 0.0942 g of NH4Cl 100 gm of sample contain = 0.0942 x 100 0.101

Short cut method Percentage purity= V x N x 53.5 x 100 W (gm) x 1000 V=Volume of NaOH (ml) N= Normality of NaOH W= Weight of sample (gm) 17.6 x 0.1 x 53.50 x 100 0.1 x 1000 = 93.28 %

= 93.28 % 19

RESULT The given sample of ammonium chloride contains 93.28 % of pure ammonium chloride.

Using the equations attached to the experiment and all of your knowledge about reactions and statistics answer the following questions.

1. A 0.5 gm sample of ammonium chloride required 12 ml of 0.1 N for titration. Calculate the percentage purity (assay) of the ammonium chloride. Percentage purity= V x N x 53.5 x 100 W (gm) x 1000 V=Volume of NaOH (ml) N= Normality of NaOH W= Weight of sample (gm) 12 x 0.1 x 53.5 x 100 0.5 x 1000 = 12.84 %

2. Suppose 30 ml of 0.2 M NaOH is required to titrate 1.5 g of a sample containing ammonium chloride. What percentage ammonium chloride is present in the sample? 21.4 %

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Preparation of 0.1 N NaOH soln.

0.1 N NaOH will be prepared and standardized using succinic acid as per the procedure explained previously

Fill the burette with standard 0.1 N NaOH solution as needed f or titration To prevent exposing NaOH to the atmospheric moisture and CO2

Determination of % purity of ammonium chloride

Weigh accurately about 0.1 g of ammonium chloride in triplicate directly into a conical f lask and add 20 ml of water.

Add a mixture of 5 ml of previously neutralized f ormaldehyde solution and 20 ml of water. To remove any acidic impurities present in formaldehyde solution

Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator Note the colour of the solution.

Add NaOH solution from the burette with constant swirling until the colour of the solution turns colourless to faint pink.

Constant swirling of conical flask will ensure complete mixing of reactants.

Note the burette reading and calculate how much base was used.

Repeat the titration with other two f lask

Take the average of the readings

Flowchart illustrating the assay (% purity) of ammonium chloride

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EXPERIMENT-4 TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF CARBONATE AND HYDROXIDE IN A GIVEN SAMPLE USING STANDARD 0.1 N HCl

THEORY Sodium hydroxide or caustic soda - both solid and dissolved – is the most typical of the strong alkalis. It is highly hygroscopic and easily reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide. It is also highly deliquescent and absorbs moisture to form an aqueous solution. That means it is usually contaminated with sodium carbonate Na2CO3. It is not a problem to determine sum of hydroxide and carbonates concentration by titration with a strong acid. Solution of caustic soda contains three bases - OH-, CO32- and HCO3-. The stronger the base, the easier it react with acid. Of the three bases present, NaOH is the strongest, so it will be neutralized first corresponding to reaction A. The change is pH near the equivalence point is 4.5 to 9.5 and phenolphthalein can be used as an indicator. Next one is CO32- . Sodium carbonate reacts with HCl in two stages by reaction B and C. There are three reactions taking place during titration:

When all CO32- is converted to HCO3- (corresponding to reaction B), pH of the solution is 8.35 and and completion of the reaction B (HCO3-), the pH of the solution is 3.90. The first end point can, therefore be detected by means of phenolphthalein and the second end point by using methyl orange as indicator.

PROCEDURE S. No 1. 2.

Steps 0.1 N HCl will be prepared and standardized using sodium carbonate. Weight 0.1 g of sample of caustic soda in triplicate

Reason As per the procedure explained previously. This helps to make sure that 22

in analytical balance using weighing by difference results are consistence with method directly into conical flask and add 10 ml of each other. Scientific evidence distilled water. must be reproducible. 3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Add 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator and The change is pH near the titrate against standard 0.1 N HCl till the colour equivalence point is 4.5 to 9.5 changes from faint pink to colourless. and phenolphthalein is appropriate indicator. Note the burette reading which give the volume of Since Na2CO3 has been HCl used for the complete neutralization of NaOH converted to bicarbonates. and half neutralization of Na2CO3. After that add 2-3 drops of methyl orange indicator Methyl orange is the best (colour changes to orange) in the same conical flask indicator at this pH range. and again continue the titration with standard 0.1 N HCl till the colour changes from red to yellow. Note down the burette reading. This give the volume of HCl used for the complete neutralization of Na2CO3. Repeat the titration with other two flasks and take the Averaging the results will average readings of sample taken and volume of minimize the random error. NaOH used.

Calculation (Specimen reading) Volume of 0.1 N HCl used for the neutralization of ½ Na2CO3 and NaOH (X) = 18.0 ml Volume of 0.1 N HCl used for the neutralization of complete NaOH + ½Na2CO3 + ½Na2CO3 (Y) ml= 20 ml Volume of 0.1 N HCl used for the neutralization of ½Na2CO3 = (Y-X) = 20 - 18 ml = 2.0 ml Volume of 0.1 N HCl used for the neutralization of complete Na2CO3 = 2(Y-X) = 4.0 ml Volume of 0.1 N HCl used for the neutralization of NaOH = X - 2(Y-X) = 18 – 4 = 16.0 ml

To calculate the % purity of Na2CO3 Descriptive method Short cut method 1000 ml of 1 N HCl=53.0 g eq. of Na2CO3 Percentage purity= V x N x 53 x 100 4.0 ml of 0.1 N HCl = 53 x 4.0 x 0.1 W (gm) x 1000 1000 = 0.0212 g V=Volume of HCl (ml) 0.1 g of sample contains= 0.0212 g of N= Normality of HCl Na2CO3 W= Weight of sample (gm) 100 gm of sample contain = 0.0212 x 100 0.1 Percentage purity= 4.0 x 0.1 x 53.5 x 100 0.1 x 1000 = 2.12 % = 2.12 %

23

To calculate the % purity of NaOH Descriptive method 1000 ml of 1 N HCl=40 g eq. of NaOH 16 ml of 0.1 N HCl = 40 x 16 x 0.1 1000 = 0.064 g 0.1 g of sample contains= 0.064 g of Na2CO3 100 gm of sample contain = 0.064 x 100 0.1 = 64.0 %

Short cut method Percentage purity= V x N x 40 x 100 W (gm) x 1000 V=Volume of HCl (ml) N= Normality of HCl W= Weight of sample (gm) Percentage purity= 16 x 0.1 x 40 x 100 0.1 x 1000 = 64.0 %

RESULT The given sample of caustic soda contains 2.12 % of sodium carbonate and 64.0 % of sodium hydroxide.

24

Using the equations attached to the experiment and all of your knowledge about reactions and statistics answer the following questions. 1. A water sample contains OH- and CO32- ions and HCO3- are absent. On titrating 50 ml of the sample with 0.1 N HCl, the X and Y values were found to be 12 and 15 respectively. Calculate the amounts of NaOH and Na2CO32- present per litre of the sample. X ≡ NaOH + ½ Na2CO3 = 12.0 ml of 0.1 N HCl Y ≡ NaOH + ½Na2CO3 + ½Na2CO3 = 15.0 ml of 0.1 N HCl Na2CO3 ≡ 2 (Y-X) = 2 x (15-12) = 6.0 ml. NaOH ≡ Y-2(Y-X) = 9.0 ml Calculation of the amount of NaOH 1000 ml of 1 N HCl ≡ 40 g of NaOH 9.0 ml of 0.1 N HCl = 40 x 9.0 x 0.1 1000 = 0.034 g or 34.0 mg NaOH Now, 100 ml of the sample contains 34.0 mg of NaOH 1000 ml of the sample contains = 34.0 x 1000 = 340.0 mg of NaOH/litre 100 Calculation of the amount of Na2CO3 1000 ml of 1 N HCl=53 g eq. of Na2CO3 ≡53.0 g of Na2CO3 6.0 ml of 0.1 N HCl =

53 x 6.0 x 0.1 1000 = 0.0318 g or 31.8 mg Na2CO3 Now, 100 ml of the sample contains 31.8 mg Na2CO3 1000 ml of sample contain = 31.8 x 1000 100 = 318 mg of Na2CO3 /litre

25

Preparation of 0.1 N NaOH soln.

0.1 N HCl solution will be prepared and standardized using sodium carbonate as per the procedure explained previously

Fill the burette with hydrochloric acid solution to the zero mark using funnel Remove the funnel, so that drops of solution from the funnel will not fall into the burette and record the reading in note book

Determination of % purity of hydroxide and carbonates

Weigh accurately about 0.1 g of caustic soda in triplicate directly into a conical f lask and add 10 ml of distilled water.

Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator Note the colour of the solution. It will be faint pink colour.

Add HCl solution f rom the burette until the colour of the solution turns faint pink to colourless.

Note the burette reading and calculate how much acid was used.

This volume of HCl was used for the complete neutralization of NaOH and half sodium carbonate

Again add 2-3 drops of methyl orange and titrate with 0.1 N HCl till colour changes f rom red to yellow

Note the burette reading and calculate how much acid was used

This volume of HCl was consumed f or the complete neutralization of sodium carbonate

Repeat the titration with other two flask

Take the average of the readings

Flowchart illustrating the determination of NaOH and Na2CO3 in a given sample.

26

EXPERIMENT-5 TO DETERMINE THE PERCENTAGE PURITY OF ACETIC ACID IN A GIVEN SAMPLE OF VINEGAR USING 0.1 N NaOH THEORY Acetic acid (vinegar) is the main component of Vinegar. It is a carbon based compound with a single ionizable proton with a –COOH functional moiety According to the reaction equation

PROCEDURE S. No 1.

Steps 0.1 N NaOH will be prepared and standardized using succinic acid. Weigh accurately about 2 g or 2 ml (density of acetic acid is ~ 1.0, so you can take 2 ml) in triplicate of vinegar in volumetric flask and dilute with 50 ml of water.

Reason As per the procedure explained previously. This helps to make sure that results are consistence with each other. Scientific evidence must be reproducible.

3.

Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrate solution slowly with 0.1 N NaOH.

4.

Note down the burette reading. Repeat the titration with other two flasks and take the average readings of sample taken and volume of NaOH used.

Phenolphthalein is the appropriate indicator at this pH. Averaging of the results will minimize the random error.

2.

27

S. No 1. 2. 3.

Observation Table (Specimen reading) Amount of sample taken (g or Burette reading Volume of NaOH ml) used (ml) Initial Final 2.0 0.0 16.40 16.40 2.5 0.0 19.70 19.70 1.5 0.0 11.60 11.60 Total 6.0 Total 47.70 Mean of sample taken 6.0/3= 2.0 g Mean of volume used 47.70/3= 15.90 ml

Calculation Descriptive method 1000 ml of 1 N NaOH=60 g eq. of CH3COOH 15.9 ml of 0.1 N NaOH= 60 x 15.90 x 0.1 1000 = 0.0954 g 2.0 g of sample contains = 0.096 g of CH3COOH 100 gm of sample contain = 0.0954 x 100 2

Short cut method Percentage purity= V x N x 60 x 100 W (gm) x 1000 V=Volume of NaOH (ml) N= Normality of NaOH W= Weight of sample (gm) 15.90 x 0.1 x 60 x 100 2 x 1000 = 4.77 %

= 4.77 %

RESULT Percentage purity of given sample of acetic acid contain 4.77 % of pure acetic acid.

Using the equations attached to the experiment and all of your knowledge about reactions and statistics answer the following questions. 1. A vinegar sample is titrated with 0.54 M NaOH. In one trial, 2.5 g vinegar requires 11.0 ml of NaOH to reach a phenolphthalein endpoint. Find the % purity of acetic acid in this vinegar. Descriptive method 1000 ml of 1 N NaOH=60 g eq. of CH3COOH 7.0 ml of 0.54 N NaOH= 60 x 11.0 x 0.54 1000 = 0.3564 g 2.5 g of sample contains=0.3564 g of CH3COOH 100 gm of sample contain = 0.3564 x 100 2.5 = 14.2 %

Short cut method Percentage purity= V x N x 60 x 100 W (gm) x 1000 V=Volume of NaOH (ml) N= Normality of NaOH W= Weight of sample (gm) 11 x 0.54 x 60 x 100 2.5 x 1000 = 14.2 %

28

Using the equations attached to the experiment and all of your knowledge about reactions and statistics answer the following questions. 1. 1.5 g acid sample contaminated with some impurities was taken in 100 ml volumetric flask and volume was made up to the mark. To titrate 10 ml of this acid sample need 20 ml of 0.1N NaOH solution. What is the percentage purity of the sample? 1000 ml of 1 N NaOH=60 g eq. of CH3COOH ≡ 60 g of CH3COOH acid 20.0 ml of 0.1 N NaOH= 60 x 20.0 x 0.1 1000 = 0.12 g of CH3COOH acid i.e. 10 ml of acid sample contain 0.12 g of CH3COOH 100 ml of acid sample will have 1.2 g of CH3COOH acid That mean, 1.5 g of sample contain 1.2 g of CH3COOH acid 100 gm of sample contain = 1.2 x 100 1.5 = 80.0 % 2. 3.0 g sample of unknown acid was dissolved in distilled water and diluted to 50 ml. What was the percentage of acetic acid in the sample, if titration of 10.0 ml aliquot of the diluted solution requires on average 25.0 ml of 0.12 N solution of NaOH. 30.0 %

29

Preparation of 0.1 N NaOH soln.

0.1 N NaOH solution will be prepared and standardized using succinic acid as per the procedure explained previously

Fill the burette with standard 0.1 N NaOH solution as needed f or titration To prevent exposing NaOH to the atmospheric moisture and CO2

Determination of % purity of acetic acid

Weigh accurately about 2.0 g or 2.0 ml of sample in triplicate directly into a conical flask and add 20 ml of water.

Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator Note the colour of the solution.

Add NaOH solution from the burette with constant swirling until the colour of the solution turns colourless to f aint pink.

Constant swirling of conical flask will ensure complete mixing of reactants.

Note the burette reading and calculate how much base was used.

Repeat the titration with other two flask

Take the average of the readings

Flowchart illustrating the assay (% purity) of acetic acid in a given sample of vinegar

30

BIO-SKETCH

Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh has completed his B. Pharmacy (1999-2003) & M. Pharmacy (2003-2005) from Panjab University, Chandigarh after qualifying GATE (2003) with 92.26 percentile and PhD (2008-2013) from I.K. Gujaral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar. He is presently an Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal affiliated to Punjab Technical University, India. Dr. Singh’s major area of research interests are drug-design, polymer-drug conjugates for targeted delivery, CNS active therapeutic agents and green chemistry approach for chemical synthesis. Dr. Singh has over 10 years of teaching experience and guided 16 postgraduate students. He has published more than 40 peer-reviewed scientific research papers in various Chemistry and Pharmacy Journals including Pharmaceutical Research (Springer), European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Elsevier), Medicinal Chemistry Research (Springer), Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry (Informa Healthcare), Arabian Journal of Chemistry (Elsevier) and Research on Chemical Intermediates (Springer). He has also to his credit 46 National And International Conference Abstracts, 1 Book, 5 Best Paper Presentation Awards, 1 Travel grant to attend International Conferences and 5 Research Projects funded by Punjab State Council for Science and Technology (PSCST), Chandigarh.

Dr. Singh is approved paper setter and evaluator of various Universities, approved PG guide for M. Pharmacy students, reviewer of various reputed International Journals and Editorial Board Member of one Elsevier’s Journal. He has reviewed more than thirty research papers of six different International Journals of Springer, Elsevier and Bentham of Impact Factor varies from 1.3 to 4.0. He is an elected member of Association of Institution of Chemist (AIC), registered Pharmacist of Punjab State Pharmacy Council and life member of APTI. Recently his biographical profile has been nominated and selected for Marquis Who's Who in Medicine and Healthcare 2015-2016 as world's foremost achievers.

31

CURRICULUM VITAE

DR. RAJESH KUMAR SINGH M. Pharm. Ph.D., A.I.C. Residential Address:

Office Address: Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, 140126 Affiliated to IK Gujaral Punjab Technical University,

House No. 160, Type I A, Sector-2, Naya Nangal, Distt-Ropar, Punjab. E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.shivalikpharmacycollege.in Research gate Profile

Jalandhar. District: Rupnagar, Nangal Dam

http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rajesh_Singh20

Punjab, India EDUCATION 

B. Pharmacy (1999-2003), UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh.



M. Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry (2003-2005), UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh.



Ph.D. (Pharmacy) (2008-2013), I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 

Assistant Professor (10th March 2006-Till Date) in Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Ropar, Affliated to Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.



Lecturer (September 2005-February 2006) in Global College of Pharmacy, Anandpur Sahib, Ropar, Affliated to Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.



Member, External Practical Examiner, Punjab Technical University and Himachal Pradesh Technical University, Hamirpur, H.P.



Approved Question Papers Setter for Panjab University, Chandigarh and Himachal Pradesh Technical University, Hamirpur, H.P



Answer Books Evaluator for Panjab University, Chandigarh and Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab.



Member, Board of Studies, PTU Jalandhar for Reformation of M. Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Syllabus.



Editorial Board Member of Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Elsevier.



Editorial Board Member of International Journal of Chemical and Biological Sciences, American Journal of Science and Technology.

32



Invited Expert Reviewer of following International Journals: Medicinal Chemistry Research, Springer (IF 1.4) Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Elsevier (IF 3.7) Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, Elsevier (IF 2.5) Research on Chemical Intermediates, Springer (IF 1.3) Current Green Chemistry, Bentham Current Organic Chemistry, Bentham (IF 3.0) International Journal of Nanomedicine, Dove Medical Press (IF 4.0) Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Elsevier

AGREEMENT FOR RESEARCH 

Agreement of research has been signed in between Researchist-Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh and the Prof. Songlig Wang, Capital Medical University, China for collaborative research work, patent proposals, and commercialization of the research output.

AWARDS 

Awarded with M. Pharm. Research Schloarship from UGC for the year 2003-2005



Awarded with Associateship of Institution of Chemist (AIC), Kolkata, India, 2009, having ID No 5944 LA.



Excelled in Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), conducted by IIT, Chennai in 2003 by securing All India Rank 514 (92.26 percentile).



Awarded with travel grant to attend International Conference (GOLD-CT 2014), North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon (Best Oral Paper Presentation Award).



Biographical profile is nominated and selected for inclusion in Marquis‟s Who's Who in Medicine and Healthcare 2015-1016 as world's foremost achievers.

SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS 

Research Publications: 38 (National 8, International 30)



Abstract in Conference Proceedings: 46 (National 36, International 10)



Paper Presentation/Conference/Workshop/Training Courses Attended: 18



Research Grants: Completed 05 Student’s Projects funded by Punjab State Council for Science and Technology (PSCST), Chandigarh, Punjab.



Book: 01

33

Rajesh K. Singh and Akshdeep Sandhar, “Multicomponent One Pot Green Synthesis of 1, 5Benzodiazepines: Investigating various acids for its catalytic potential and their mechanism”, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing , Germanay, ISBN-13: 978-3845422589, 136 pages. RESEARCH INTERESTS 

Synthesis of targeted polymer-drug conjugates for the treatment of cancer and malaria.



Design and synthesis of CNS active therapeutic agents.



Exploration of innovative catalyst for the green synthesis of organic compounds of medicinal interests.

RESEARCH GROUP 

16 Students have been completed for their 1 year M. Pharm. projects

PUBLISHED PAPERS (LAST FIVE YEARS) *Corresponding Author 2016 1. Rajesh K. Singh*, Shikha Sharma, Akshdeep Sandhar, Manpreet Saini and Sahil Kumar, “Recent advances in the development of various catalysts for an efficient green synthesis of 1,5benzodiazepines”, Iranian Journal of Catalysis (2016), 6(1), 1-21, ISSN No. 2252-0236 Cite 0 times

2. Rajesh K. Singh*, Renu Bala, Sahil Kumar, “Investigating various green chemistry techniques for an efficient synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols catalyzed by zinc oxide nanoparticles under solvent-free conditions”, Ind. J. Chem. (2016), 55B (3), 381-386 3. Yuhao Zhao, Deepak Kumar, Rajesh K. Singh* & Yanxu Ma*, “Morphoanatomical, physicochemical and phytochemical standardization with HPTLC fingerprinting of aerial parts of Aerva lanata (Linn) Juss ex. Schult”, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Elseveir (Accepted), 2016. 4. Sahil Kumar*, Rajesh K. Singh, Babita Patial, Sachin Goyal, T.R. Bhardwaj*and R.S.R. Murthy, “Recent advances in novel heterocyclic scaffolds for the treatment of drug-resistant malaria”, J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., Informa Healthcare, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14756366.2015.1016513, (In press, 2015), ISSN No. 8755-5093 (P), 1029-2462 (E) (IF 2.4), Cite 0 times

2015

34

5. Rajesh K. Singh*, Sahil Kumar and Manpreet Saini, “Green chemistry approach for an efficient synthesis of 1, 5-benzodiazepines promoted by stannic oxide nanoparticles under solvent-free condition,” Ind. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 25(2), 2015, 369-374, ISSN No. 0971-1627, (IF 0.301). 6. Sahil Kumar*, Rajesh K. Singh, RSR Murthy and TR Bhardwaj*,“Synthesis and evaluation of substituted poly(organophosphazenes) as a novel nanocarrier system for combined antimalarial therapy of primaquine and dihydroartemisinin,” Pharmaceutical Research, (2015), 32(8), 2736-2752, Springer DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-015-1659-5, ISSN No. 074-8741 (P), 1573-904X (E), (IF 3.5), Cite 1 times

7. Sahil Kumar*, Rajesh K. Singh, Rajiv Kumar, RSR Murthy and T.R, Bhardwaj, “Design, synthesis and evaluation of antimalarial potential of polyphosphazene linked combination therapy of primaquine and dihydroartemisinin”,

European

J.

Pharm.

Sci.,

Elsevier,

(2015),

66,

123-137,

DOI:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2014.09.023, ISSN No. 0928-0987, (IF 3.0), Cite 3 times

8. Rajesh K. Singh*, Renu Bala and Sahil Kumar, “Microwave assisted facile synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2naphthols catalyzed by stannous oxide nanoparticles,” J. Ind. Chem. Soc. (2015), 92 (7): 1161-1165, ISSN No. 00194522-7077, (IF 0.25), Cite 0 times

9. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad, T.R. Bhardwaj, “Hybrid pharmacophore-based drug design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 1,4-dihydropyridines linked alkylating anticancer agents”, Med. Chem. Res., (2015), 24 (4), 1534-1541, Springer DOI; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-014-1236-1, ISSN No. 1054-2523 (P), 1554-8120 (E), (IF 1.4), Cite 1 times

10. Rajesh K. Singh*, Sonia Devi, D.N. Prasad, “Synthesis, physicochemical and biological evaluation of 2aminobenzophenone derivatives as potent skeletal muscle relaxant,” Arab. J. Chem. (2015), 8 (3), 308312, Elsevier DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.11.013, ISSN No. 1878-5352 , (IF 3.7), Cite 5 times

11. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj, “Synthesis, physicochemical and kinetic studies of redox derivative of bis(2-chloroethylamine) as alkylating cytotoxic agent for brain delivery, Arab. J. Chem. (2015), 8 (3), 380-387, Elsevier DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.11.005, ISSN No. 1878-5352 , (IF 3.7), Cite 6 times

35

12. Rajesh K. Singh*, Renu Bala, Robita Duvedi and Sahil Kumar, “Recent advances in the development of various catalysts for an efficient green synthesis of amidoalkyl-naphthols”, Iranian Journal of Catalysis (2015), 5(3), 187-206, ISSN No. 2252-0236 Cite 0 times

13. Rajesh K. Singh*, Balpreet Singh, Robita Duvedi and Sahil Kumar, “Sulfanilic acid: a versatile and efficient catalyst among various organocatalysts screened for the synthesis of 1-amido-2-alkyl-naphthols under

solvent-free

condition”,

Res.

Chem.

Intermed.

(2015),

41:

4083-4099,

DOI:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11164-013-1513-5 Springer, ISSN No. 0922-6168 (E), I.F. (1.22), Cite 3 times

14. Tiangang Li, Sandeep Singh, Xing Zhai, Xiangqi Meng* & Rajesh K. Singh*, “Microwave-assisted synthesis, insilico ADME prediction and antibacterial study of 2-(substituted acetamido)-5nitrobenzophenone

derivatives”,

Asian

J.

Chem.,

27

(7),

2015,

2452-2456.

DOI:

http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.17914, ISSN No. 0970-7077, (IF 0.45), Cite 3 times

2014 15. Rajesh K. Singh* and Robita Duvedi, “Environmental-friendly green chemistry approaches foran efficient synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols catalyzed by tannic acid”, Arab. J. Chem., Elsevier, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.08.022 (In press, 2014), ISSN No. 1878-5352, (IF 3.7), Cite 1 times

16. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj, “Design, synthesis, chemical and biological evaluation of brain targeted alkylating agent using reversible redox prodrug approach”, Arab. J. Chem., Elsevier (In press, 2014), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.12.008, ISSN No. 1878-5352, (IF 3.7), Cite 0 times

17. Yuhao Zhao, Xuejie Yu, Manpreet Kaur, Yanxu Ma & Rajesh K. Singh*, “Highly efficient zinc oxide nanoparticles catalyzed green synthesis of 1, 5-benzodiazepines under solvent-free path”, Asian J. Chem., (2014), 26 (24), 8539-8542. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.18319 ISSN No. 0970-7077 (IF 0.45), Cite 1 times

18. Rajesh K. Singh*, Sahil Kumar, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj “Reversible redox system based drug design for targeting alkylating agent across brain”, Med. Chem. Res., (2014), 23 (5), 2405-2416,

36

Springer, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-013-0833-8, ISSN No. 1054-2523 (P), 1554-8120 (E), (IF 1.4), Cite 3 times

19. Rajesh K. Singh*, “Design, Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Nicotinic Acid Linked Nitrogen Mustard Agent Capable of Penetrating the Brain”, Int. J. Pharmacy Teaching and Pract., 5(1), 2014, 925-929, ISSN No. 1986-8111, Cite 0 times

20. Yuhao Zhao, Shikha Sharma, Minghua Huang, Akshdeep Sandhar, Rajesh K. Singh*, YanXu Ma*, “Investigation of various organocatalysts for an improved and efficient one pot synthesis of 2, 3dihydro-1H-1, 5-benzodiazepines under solvent-free condition”, Asian J. Chem., 26 (16), 2014, 51165120. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16440, ISSN No. 0970-7077, (IF 0.45), Cite 2 times

21. Pengying Li, Ketki Sahore, Jianjun Liu* & Rajesh K. Singh*,“Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of 2-aminobenzophenone linked 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives”, Asian J. Chem., 26 (16), 2014, 52915294, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.17403, ISSN No. 0970-7077, (IF 0.45), Cite 3 times 22. Tiangang Li, Xing Zhai, Dharmaveer Singh, Rajesh K. Singh*, Xuegong Xu*,“Multicomponent onepot green synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols promoted by PNBA under solvent-free condition”, Asian J. Chem. 26 (16), 2014, 5207-5211, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16707, ISSN No. 0970-7077, (IF 0.45), Cite 3 times 2013

23. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj, “Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity of benzodiazepine-mustard conjugates as potential brain antitumour agents”, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., Elsevier (Published Online, 2013) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2013.10.004, ISSN No. 1319-6103, (IF 2.5), Cite 2 times

24. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj, “Synthesis, in vitro/in vivo evaluation and in silico physicochemical study of prodrug approach for brain targeting of alkylating agent”, Med. Chem. Res. (2013), 22:5324-5336. Springer: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-013-0537-0, ISSN No. 10542523 (P), 1554-8120 (E), (IF 1.4), Cite 7 times

37

25. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj, “Design, synthesis and evaluation of aminobenzophenone derivatives containing nitrogen mustard moiety as potential CNS antitumour agents”,

Med.

Chem.

Res.

(2013),

22

(12):5901-5911.

Springer:

DOI:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-013-0582-8, ISSN No. 1054-2523 (P), 1554-8120 (E), (IF 1.4), Cite 5 times

26. Akshdeep Sandhar and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Rapid and efficient synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5benzodiazepines catalyzed by chloroacetic acid screened among various aliphatic acids under solvent free conditions,” Chem. Sci. Trans., 2(1), 2013, 176-180, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7598/cst2013.315, ISSN No. 2278-3458 (P), 2278-3318 (E), (IF 0.23), Cite 0 times

27. Prabhjot Kaur and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Investigation of various green chemistry approaches for the efficient synthesis of dialkyl-1,4-dihydro-4-(substitutedphenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate,” Chem. Sci. Trans., 2(S1), pp S295-S301 (2013), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7598/cst2013.443, ISSN No. 2278-3458 (P), 2278-3318 (E), (IF 0.23), Cite 2 times

28. Rajesh K. Singh* and Sapna Sharma, “Restructuring pharmaceutical education for next generation pharmacist: a survey report, Int. J. Pharmacy Teaching and Pract. 4(2), 2013, 568-570, ISSN No. 19868111 (IF Awaited), Cite 0 times.

2012

29. Akshdeep Sandhar, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Salicylic acid catalyzed synthesis of 2,3dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepines under solven-free condition,” Ind. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 21(2), 2012, 369-374, ISSN No. 0971-1627, (IF 0.17), Cite 6 times

30. Akshdeep Sandhar, D.N. Prasad, Abhinav Kapoor and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Efficient p-amino benzoic acid catalyzed eco-friendly synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines among various amino acids under solventfree

condition,”

Current

Res.

Chem.,

Science

Alert,

USA,

4,

2012,

68-75,

DOI:

http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/crc2012, ISSN No. 1996-5052 (P), 2152-3385X (E), Cite 2 times

31. Akshdeep Sandhar and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Rapid and efficient tannic acid mediated one-pot synthesis of 1, 5-benzodiazepines under solvent-free condition,” Asian J. Chem., 24(12), 2012, 5643-5645, ISSN No. 0970-7077, (IF 0.45), Cite 10 times

38

32. Sapna Malik, Sumit Sharma and Rajesh K. Singh*, Microwave assisted synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2naphthols catalyzed by anhydrous zinc chloride,” Asian J. Chem., 24(12), 2012, 5669-5672, ISSN No. 0970-7077, (IF 0.45), Cite 7 times

33. Prabhjot Kaur, Heena Sharma, Rekha Rana, DN Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Comparative study of various green chemistry approaches for the efficient synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines,” Asian J. Chem., 24(12), 2012, 5649-5651, ISSN No. 0970-7077, (IF 0.45), Cite 8 times 34. Robita Duvedi and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Environment friendly, efficient chloroacetic promoted synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols under neat condition,” Asian J. Chem., 24 (12), 2012, 5665-5668, ISSN No. 0970-7077, (IF 0.45), Cite 2 times 35. Amarjit Singh and Rajesh K. Singh*, “A study on student’s perception of ideal teacher: a survey on students of pharmacy colleges in Punjab”, Int. J. Pharmacy Teaching and Pract., 3(3), 2012, 298-300, Cite 3 times

36. Rajesh K. Singh*, Sapna Malik, Sumit, Deep Sharma, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj, “Synthesis and study of chemical delivery system for targeting nitrogen mustard to the brain”, Asian J. Chem., 24 (12), 2012, 5635-5638, ISSN No. 0970-7077, (IF 0.45), Cite 6 times

37. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj, “Synthesis, alkylation activity and physicochemical evaluation of nitrogen mustard agent to penetrate the blood-brain barrier”, Asian J. Chem., 24(12), 2012, 5605-5608, ISSN No. 0970-7077, (IF 0.45), Cite 6 times

2011 38. Shikha Sharma, D.N. Prasad, Rajesh K. Singh, “One pot synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1h-1,5benzodiazepines under solvent-free conditions using anhydrous stannous chloride as catalyst, “ J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 3 (5), 2011, 382-389, ISSN No. 0975-7384, (IF 0.9), Cite 10 times

39. Rajesh K. Singh*, Ketki Sahore and Sahil Kumar, “Recent advances in the synthetic approaches and current pharmacological applications of 1, 4-dihydropyridines”, Iranian J Catalysis (Communicated).

39

40. Sahil Kumar, Rajesh K. Singh*, R.S.R. Murthy, T.R. Bhardwaj, “Emerging Treatment Approaches and Targets for Drug-resistant Malaria: A Wrestle Towards Innovation in the Advanced Chemotherapy of Malaria”, Current Drug Targets (Under Preparation). 41. Sahil Kumar, Rajesh K. Singh*, R.S.R. Murthy, T.R. Bhardwaj, “Synthesis of Novel Controlled Molecular Weight Substituted Poly(organophosphazenes): Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Degradation Studies”, (Under Preparation).

ABSTRACTS PUBLISHED IN CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (NATIONAL) Presenter Corresponding Author*

1. Arun Sharma, Rajesh K. Singh*, S. Duggal and D.N. Prasad, “Synthesis of Lipophilic Analogues of Alkylating Anticancer Agents for Brain Delivery”, 10th Punjab Science Congress (PSC), Feb-2007. Abstract No-E-2-01

2. Sapna Sharma, S. Duggal*, Rajesh Kumar, R.K. Singh and D.N. Prasad, “Antiinflammatory Activity of Aqueous Extract of Stem Bark of A. indica”, 10th Punjab Science Congress (PSC), Feb-2007. Abstract No-A2/02-01

3. Rajesh K. Singh* and S. Duggal, “Women Entrepreneurship: Challenges, Motivating Factors, Obstacles and Scope of Women Entrepreneurship in Indian Rural Sector”, National Seminar organized by Industrial Development and Management Association (IDMA), March 2007.

4. Sapna Sharma, R.K. Singh, D.N. Prasad and S. Duggal*,“Effect of Fresh Leaf Juice of C. Roseus on Fructose Induced Hyperlipedemia and Hyperglycemia”, 59th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress, Varanasi, Dec. 2007, Abstract No-D-31

5. Vijay Tripathi, R.K. Singh, D.N. Prasad and S. Duggal* “Effect of Fresh Leaf Juice of C. Roseus on Isolated Frog Heart”, Indian Pharmaceutical Graduate Association , IPGA, Nov 2007 Abstract No. RTPER-178

6. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad and S. Duggal, “Synthesis and Characterization of Some Ester Prodrugs of Ibuprofen: A prodrug Approach,” AICTE sponsored National Seminar on “Emerging trends in Advanced Drug Delivery System”, Dec-2007, Nagpur, Abstract No. B-23

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7. Rajesh K. Singh*, “Diabetes-II”, Indian Science Congress, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Jan-2004

8. Rajesh K. Singh*, Kumar M, Bhardwaj T.R. “Design and Synthesis of Polyphosphazene Linked Alkylating Anticancer Agent: A polymer-drug Conjugate Approach”, 60

th

Indian Pharmaceutical

Congress, New Delhi, 12-14 Dec., 2008, Abstract No.MC-160

9. Sharma Sapna, Sharma D, Prasad D.N. and Rajesh K. Singh*, “A need to reorient pharmaceutical education: A survey on students of Pharmacy colleges in Punjab”, organized by Indian Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 and Indian Pharmaceutical Association Convention-2009 at DIPSAR , New Delhi, 14-15 March, 2009, Abstract No PP132.

10. Singh A, Singh M, Prasad D.N. and Rajesh K. Singh*, “A Student Perception of Ideal Teacher: A Survey on Students of Pharmacy Colleges in Punjab”, organized by Indian congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 and Indian Pharmaceutical Association Convention-2009 at DIPSAR , New Delhi, 14-15 March, 2009, Abstract No PP133 (2nd BEST PAPER AWARD).

11. Sharma D, Sharma S, Prasad D.N. and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Restructuring Pharmaceutical Education for Next Generation Pharmacist”, organized by Indian congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 and Indian Pharmaceutical Association Convention-2009 at DIPSAR , New Delhi, 14-15 March, 2009, Abstract No PP134

12. Rajesh K. Singh*, Sonia Devi, Rekha Rana, Amarjit Singh and D.N. Prasad, “Current and Future Strategies for Brain Drug Targeting”, A.I.C.T.E Sponsored Regional Seminar on Standardisation of Herbal Drugs, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, 12-13 Sep 2009, ABS-44 (2nd BEST PAPER AWARD).

13. Richa Johar, Dipti Sharma, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “A Study on Awareness Regarding “Swine Flue” among Rural Area people”, A.I.C.T.E Sponsored Regional Seminar on Standardisation of Herbal Drugs, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, 12-13 Sep 2009, ABS-35 (2nd BEST PAPER AWARD).

41

14. Amarjit Singh, D.N. Prasad, Goyal S and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Recent Progress in High Throughput Screening", A.I.C.T.E Sponsored Regional Seminar on Standardisation of Herbal Drugs, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, 12-13 Sep 2009, ABS-19

15. Kumar Mithlesh, Chauhan Gaurav, Rana Madhu, Dhruv Dev, Prasad D.N. and Rajesh K. Singh*, "Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology: Tools, Application and Scope". A.I.C.T.E Sponsored Regional Seminar on Standardisation of Herbal Drugs, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, 12-13 Sep 2009, ABS-30

16. Sapna Sharma, D.N. Prasad, Neeru Malik and Rajesh K. Singh*, "Current and Futute Status of herval Medicines", A.I.C.T.E Sponsored Regional Seminar on Standardisation of Herbal Drugs, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, 12-13 Sep 2009, ABS-39

17. Rajesh K. Singh*, Prasad D.N., Kumar M, and Bhardwaj T.R., "Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Chemical Delivery System of Nitrogen Mustard to the Brain", Silver Jubilee Conference of IPGA-2009, ISF college of Pharmacy, Moga, 7th-8th Nov 2009, B-23

18. Singh Amarjit, Prasad D.N., and Rajesh K. Singh*, "Reversible Redox Drug Delivery System: Selective Targeting of Drugs to the Brain", Silver Jubilee Conference of IPGA-2009, ISF college of Pharmacy, Moga, 7th-8th Nov 2009, C-4

19. Devi Sonia, Prasad D.N., and Rajesh K. Singh*, "CNS Drug Delivery: Barriers, Molecular Physicochemical Properties and Various Strategies", Silver Jubilee Conference of IPGA-2009, ISF college of Pharmacy, Moga, 7th-8th Nov 2009, C-6

20. Sharma Dipti, Johar Richa and Rajesh K. Singh*, "Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology in Health Care ", Silver Jubilee Conference of IPGA-2009, at ISF college of Pharmacy, Moga, 7th-8th Nov 2009, C-7

21. Johar Richa, Sharma Dipti, Prasad D.N. and Rajesh K. Singh*, "A Recent Advances in Development of Needle-Free Injection Technologies", Silver Jubilee Conference of IPGA-2009, ISF college of Pharmacy, Moga, 7th-8th Nov 2009, C-30

42

22. Rana Rekha, Devi Sonia, Singh A, Prasad D.N., and Rajesh K. Singh*, "Tumour Hypoxia: A Promising Target for a Selective Chemotherapy of Cancerous Cells", Silver Jubilee Conference of IPGA-2009, ISF college of Pharmacy, Moga, 7th-8th Nov 2009, A-8

23. Rajesh K. Singh*, Devi Sonia, Prasad D.N. and Bhardwaj T.R. “Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Dibenzazepine linked Nitrogen Mustard as Potential Brain Antitumour agent”, 61th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress, Ahmedabad, 11-13 Dec., 2009, Abstract No. B-70

24. Singh A, Rana R, Prasad D.N. and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Synthesis and Studies of Reversible Redox Chemical Delivery System of Nitrogen Mustard Anticancer Agent", 61th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress, Ahmedabad, 11-13 Dec., 2009, Abstract No. B-254

25. Johar R, Sharma D, Singh H and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Are Doctors in Teaching Hospitals Really Serious About Pharmacovigilance? A Survey Report”, 61th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress, Ahmedabad, 11-13 Dec., 2009, Abstract No. H-8

26. Sharma D, Johar R, Singh H and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Survey Study on the Correlation between the Body Mass Index and Socio economic Status and Prevalence of Diabetes”, 61th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress, Ahmedabad, 11-13 Dec., 2009, Abstract No. H-9

27. Sharma Shikha, Prasad D.N. Kumar R and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Recent advancements in RNA targeted drugs: A brief review”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY, Vol., 47 (6), Nov-Dec, 2010, pp 122 Abstract No PT-1

28. Sharma Ankita, Kumar R, Prasad D.N. and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Recent innovation in cancer treatment by nanoshells”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY, Vol., 47 (6), Nov-Dec, 2010, pp 124 Abstract No PT-8

29. Robita Duvedi, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Microwave assisted one-pot three-component synthesis of 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols under solvent free conditions, APTI-16th Annual National Convention 2011, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 07-09 October, 2011, Abstract No-MC 21

43

30. Sapna Malik, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Tannic acid catalyzed one-pot multi-component synthesis of Amidoalkyl naphthols, APTI-16th Annual National Convention 2011, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 07-09 October, 2011, Abstract No-MC 47

31. Sharma Shikha, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Rapid and efficient synthesis of 1,5benzodiazepine derivatives under solvent free, APTI-16th Annual National Convention 2011, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 07-09 October, 2011, Abstract No-MC 27

32. Prabhjot, Akshdeep, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Pharmaceutical Waste: Causes, Effects and Management Strategies, APTI-16th Annual National Convention 2011, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 07-09 October, 2011, Abstract No-PE-08

33. Akshdeep, Prabhjot, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Uncontrolled Proliferation of Pharmacy Colleges in India: Are we Ready for this Pharmacy Cancer? APTI-16th Annual National Convention 2011, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 07-09 October, 2011, Abstract No-PE-08

34. Renu Bala, Mandeep Singh, Sahil Kumar, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “A new drug target for antimalarial chemotherapy”, National Seminar on Advancement, Challenges & Opportunities in Pharmaceutical Research, Oct 18-20, 2013, Paper No 081.

35. Manpreet Saini, Mandeep Singh, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Development of novel approaches for the management of obesity”, National Seminar on Advancement, Challenges & Opportunities in Pharmaceutical Research, Oct 18-20, 2013, Paper No 056.

36. Sahil Kumar, Ashwani Kumar, Rajesh K. Singh* and T.R. Bhardwaj, “Design, docking, synthesis and antihypertensive evaluation of novel peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (ppar-γ) agonists”, 17th Punjab Science Congress, Theme: Science and Technology for Sustainable Growth, Feb 14-16, 2014, D036.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES

1. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj, “Design, synthesis and study of 1,4dihydropyridines based nitrogen mustard pharmacophore as anticancer agents”, International

44

Conference on Global Opportunities for Latest Developments in Chemistry and Technology (GOLD-CT-2014), School of Chemical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. 06-08 Feb, 2014, OP-69 (BEST ORAL PRESENTATION AWARD).

2. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj, “Synthesis and study of novel alkylating anticancer agents for brain delivery using reversible redox prodrug approach”, International Conference on Interdisciplinary Areas with Chemical Sciences (ICIACS 2013), 30-01 Nov-Dec, 2013, Panjab University, Chandigarh, C-6.

3. Babita Patial, Sahil Kumar, Sachin Goyal, Rajesh K. Singh and T.R. Bhardwaj, “A long march towards synthesis of various novel heterocyclics for the treatment of malaria”, Indo-Bulgaria International Conference, Recent Advances in Herbal Technology, Sep 7, 2013, PCHEM-7.

4. Rajesh K. Singh*, Singh A, Devi S, Prasad D.N., Kumar M and Bhardwaj T.R.,"Targeting Aniline Mustard across Brain by Reversible Redox Drug Delivery System", 14th ISCB International Conference on Chemical Biology for Discovery: Perspective and Challenges, Organised by Indian Society of Chemist and Biologist, CDRI, Lucknow, Jan 15-18, 2010, P-91

5. Akshdeep Sandhar, D.N. Prasad, Rajesh K. Singh*, “Rapid and Efficient Tannic acid Mediated One-pot Synthesis of 1, 5-Benzodiazepines under Solvent-free Condition” International Conference on Global Trends in Pure and Applied Chemical Sciences, 3-4 March 2012, Udaipur (Rajasthan) AB-255. 6. Rajesh K. Singh*, D.N. Prasad1 and T.R. Bhardwaj “Synthesis, Alkylation Activity and Physicochemical Evaluation of Nitrogen Mustard Agent to Penetrate the Blood-Brain Barrier” International Conference on Global Trends in Pure and Applied Chemical Sciences, 3-4 March 2012, Udaipur (Rajasthan) AB-213.

7. Rajesh K. Singh*, Sumit, Deep Sharma, D.N. Prasad and T.R. Bhardwaj “Synthesis and Study of Chemical Delivery System for Targeting Nitrogen Mustard to the Brain” International Conference on Global Trends in Pure and Applied Chemical Sciences, 3-4 March 2012, Udaipur (Rajasthan) AB-241. 8. Sapna Malik, Robita Duvedi, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Microwave assisted synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols catalysed by Anhydrous Zinc Chloride” International Conference on

45

Global Trends in Pure and Applied Chemical Sciences, 3-4 March 2012, Udaipur (Rajasthan) AB278.

9. Prabhjot Kaur, Heena Sharma, Rekha Rana, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh* “Comparative Study of Various Green Chemistry Approaches for the Efficient Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines” International Conference on Global Trends in Pure and Applied Chemical Sciences, 3-4 March 2012, Udaipur (Rajasthan) AB-241.

10. Robita Duvedi, Sapna Malik, D.N. Prasad and Rajesh K. Singh*, “Environment Friendly, Efficient Chloroacetic Acid Promoted Synthesis of 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols Under Neat Condition” International Conference on Global Trends in Pure and Applied Chemical Sciences, 3-4 March 2012, Udaipur (Rajasthan) AB-259.

WORKSHOP/ PROFESSIONAL TRAINING/CONFERENCES

1. Rajesh K. Singh, Attended and Presented paper in Indian Science Congress held at Panjab University, Chandigarh, Jan-2004. 2. Rajesh K. Singh, Attended International Symposium on India Emerging as a Global Pharmaceutical Competitor, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 25-26 Feb, 2005. 3. Rajesh K. Singh, Ten days Industrial training on HPLC, GC and other sophisticated instruments at Ranbaxy Lab Ltd, Mohali (PUNJAB), 23-03 Dec-Jan 2004-2005. 4. Rajesh K. Singh, Invited for oral paper presentation in 10th Punjab Science Congress, Feb-2007. 5. Rajesh K. Singh, Invited for oral paper presentation in AICTE sponsored National Seminar organized by Industrial Development and Management Association (IDMA), March 2007. 6. Rajesh K. Singh, Attended and presented paper in AICTE sponsored National Seminar on “Emerging Trends in Advanced Drug Delivery System” organized by Sharad Pawar College of Pharmacy, Dec 2007, Nagpur. 7. Rajesh K. Singh, Attended and presented paper in 60th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress, New Delhi, 12-14 Dec., 2008. 8. Rajesh K. Singh, AICTE Sponsored two weeks Quality Improvement Programme on Theoretical and Practical training on Discovery and Development of New Chemical Entities organized by Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharathi Vidyapeeth University, Pune from 16 Feb-28 Feb 2009. 9. Rajesh K. Singh, One Week Summer Workshop on hand-on practical training on HPLC at NIPER, Mohali from July 13-July 17 2009.

46

10. Rajesh K. Singh, Attended A.I.C.T.E Sponsored Regional Seminar on Standardisation of Herbal Drugs, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, 12-13 Sep 2009. 11. Rajesh K. Singh, Attended and presented paper in National Conference on Silver Jubilee Conference of IPGA-2009 organized by ISF college of Pharmacy, Moga, 7th-8th Nov 2009. 12. Rajesh K. Singh, Attended 30th Annual Conference of Biomedical Scientist (IABMS) organized by Indian Association of Biomedical Scientist, DRDO, Chandigarh 18th-20th November 2009. 13. Rajesh K. Singh, Attended and presented paper in 61th Indian Pharmaceutical Congress, New Delhi, 11-13 Dec., 2009. 14. Rajesh K. Singh, Attended and presented paper in 14th ISCB International Conference on Chemical Biology for Discovery: Perspective and Challenges, Organised by Indian Society of Chemist and Biologist, CDRI, Lucknow, Jan 15-18, 2010. 15. Rajesh K. Singh, Two Weeks Staff Development Programme sponsored by AICTE on “Modern Sophisticated Analytical Techniques and Their Applicaations in Pharmaceuticals from 16-30 July, 2011 at ISF college of Pharmacy, Moga. 16. Rajesh K. Singh, invited for oral for oral presentation in International Conference on Global Trends in Pure and Applied Chemical Sciences, 3-4 March 2012, Udaipur (Rajasthan) AB-213. 17. Rajesh K. Singh, invited for poster presentation in International Conference on Interdisciplinary Areas with Chemical Sciences (ICIACS 2013), 30-01 Nov-Dec, 2013, Panjab University, Chandigarh,C-6. 18. Rajesh K. Singh, invited for oral for oral presentation in International Conference on Global Opportunities in Chemistry and Technology (GOLD-CT-2014), North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 06-08 Feb 2014, OP-69.

ASSOCIATIONS/LIFE-MEMBERSHIP 

Life Member of APTI having Ref. No PU/LM-158



Associate of Institution of Chemist (AIC), Kolkata, India



Registered Pharmacist to Punjab State Pharmacy Council having Registration No 30394

PERSONAL BIO-DATA 

Date of Birth: 24th April 1980



Nationality: Indian



Marital status: Married, blessed with a daughter and a son.

Date 10-04-2016

(Rajesh Kumar Singh)

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