SafetyFocus Quarterly Journal on African aviation safety

In this issue: Can ground safety go regional? IATA's AIAG - Analysing ATS incidents Everyday words or safety wake-up call? 2Gether 4Safety - Training close to the hazard

AVIASSIST

FOUNDATION

The safety magazine of the AviAssist Foundation

2012 Issue

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Ever imagined a career in aircraft safety?

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BECAUSE ACCESS TO SAFETY INFORMATION SHOULD NOT BE LIMITED BY THE BANDWIDTH OF YOUR CONNECTION

CONTENTS 2

Safety Calendar | Events in or relevant to the region

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Director’s message | Emancipate yourself

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Foundation news | Airport Wildlife cartoon

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Inside story | New face New employee Hans van Dijkhuizen about his focus

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Safety | News (Safety) news with an impact in the region

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Strategic issues | The learning curve Innovating pilot training in times of global shortage of pilots

14 Threat analysis | When things fall apart

IATA's AIAG group analyses African air traffic service incidents

16 Human factors | When TEM's unspoken language

Everyday words and their relevance to aviation safety

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20 2Gether 4Safety | Bridging the gap

Bringing best practices to professionals closest to the hazards

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Ground safety | One for all and all for one Is regional pooling of resources on airside safety a good idea?

25 Summit report | Towards a cheetah generation?

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Meeting beyond strategy - sharing operational solutions

26 Airport Ops | ACI APEX program Airport brotherhood for safety

29 Photo report | Foundation's annual ARFF training

26 Cover photo: An apron full of hazards - with Africa's air transport growing, tougher action is needed - © AviAssist Foundation SafetyFocus Magazine

SafetyFocus is distributed for free to 2 professionals per organisation in the aviation industry and government departments involved in or relevant to aviation in 40 African countries. Wider distribution in organisations to mature safety cultures is possible at attractive corporate subscription rates. SafetyFocus connects your business to industry best practices & to African opportunities Issue 3 - 2012

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2GETHER 4SAFETY | SEMINAR Beyond strategy - bringing best practices to the professionals closest to the hazards

BRIDGING THE

GAP BY TOM KOK | FROM LUSAKA

T

he first edition of the Foundation’s ‘2gether 4safety’-seminars landed in Zambia’s capital Lusaka in May this year. ‘2gether 4safety’ bridges the gap between high level, strategic meetings that are held on a regular basis across the continent and the people closest to the hazards. These latter professionals are not well catered for in the continent when it comes to pursuing the highest standards of aviation safety for the region. 2gether 4safety will be a crucial part of the Foundation’s promotion of professionalism in African aviation safety. With ICAO audits in the region finding resolution of safety concerns as a major issue in Africa, the seminar aims to bring together government and industry in a pragmatic and just culture setting. Balanced representation of industry and government has been central to the success of safety initiatives elsewhere in the world. This first edition in Zambia demonstated that there still is quite a way to go before industry and government see each other as mature and crucial partners in raising the bars on safety standards. Many countries in East and Southern Africa have a legacy of strong, central governments that didn't encourage the private market in the first two decades after independence. It will take time for that legacy to wear away.

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‘2gether 4safety’-seminars help busy aviation professionals with the increasingly difficult task of keeping up with new developments in their daily work. On top of that, this edition also allowed Zambian aviation to benefit from lessons learned in neighbouring Tanzania on the transition from a department of civil aviation (DCA) to a civil aviation authority (CAA). the seminar helped create a platform from which professionals and organisations can build learning portfolio for personal and organisational development.

Hands off - eyes on Foundation’s board member Margaret Munyagi, former Director General of the autonomous Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority TCAA, shared her experiences on the path from DCA to a CAA. “At the start of the process in 1997, government chose for a “hands-off-eyes-on” approach" Munyagi commented. "The organisation’s Change Management Teams were trained in customer care, formulation of Strategic Plans, budgeting, performance management etc. " It was particularly on the subject of funding a future CAA that much discussion arose from Munyagi's presentation. "For a small aviation industry like that of Tanzania, it is not feasible to fully recover

the regulatory costs from the regulated suppliers. Similarly, funding the CAA from the Treasury is not feasible as civil aviation cannot compete with the social services or with other infrastructure such as roads and rail. With an industry similar in size to Zambia's aviation industry, the fact that the Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority was allowed to continue to provide air navigation services (and collected revenues from it) was crucial to ensure sufficient funding for the Authority. And even then, the government had to introduce an US$8 safety fee in 2005. This fee now accounts for some 40% of the Authority’s income. Crucially, the CAA's human resource management is characterised by autonomy in recruitment of personnel, a comprehensive training programme of all staff, performance measurement and improved remuneration", Munyagi elaborated.

Runway safety Foundation director Kok briefly introduced the IATA Runway Excursion Risk Reduction toolkit. Given the broad audience, Kok specifically underlined the role that all stakeholders, including air traffic control, can play in this risk reduction. All participants to the seminar received their free copy of the Toolkit DVD, courtesy of the Flight Safety Foundation and IATA.

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2GETHER 4SAFETY | SEMINAR Multi Crew Co-ordination With many operators in Africa moving from single pilot to multi-pilot operations as part of the growth in air transport, Capt. Rob Maas provided an introduction in Multi-Crew Coordination (MCC) training at KLM's flight academy in the Netherlands.

© Hans van Dijkhuizen

Capt. Maas recently retired as KLM Royal Dutch Airlines' Senior Vice President of KLM's Boeing 747 fleet. Based on his extensive career, Maas is now involved in pilot training at KLM's flight academy.

‘No room for individual actions in a multicrew cockpit’

"With current MCC training, we train away from the previous thinking of a pilot-non flying being present only to assist with basic tasks such as raising and lowering the landing gear or the flaps. He or she now becomes the Pilot Monitoring who is a valuable colleague, involved in all the decision making and monitoring during a flight. Speaking up by the Pilot Monitoring becomes a crucial ingredient in cockpit dynamics", Maas explained. "We do not give MCC training only to ab initio students, but also to pilots that change the company they work for or change to an aircraft type that requires multi crew operation."

"It may not be too difficult to work as a team during an easy flight where everything runs smoothly. That said, for a pilot who was used to operate the last 10.000 hours on his own in his single pilot aircraft, it is still quite a change and challenge to do a similar job with two pilots in good harmony and co-operation.", Maas pointed out. "It becomes another story with a suddenly rising workload. Good coordination and co-operation now becomes essential. During our MCC training, pilots have to demonstrate that they can work together in difficult situations and conduct a safety flight." In assessing the MCC skills of our trainees at KLM, we use the SHAPE model. The abbreviation SHAPE breaks down into competences related to: Self, Human Interaction, Aircraft, Procedures

& Environment/situation. Each of those competence categories consists of five or six competences. As the trainees make their route through the MCC training, the trainers continuously assess the maturity of the trainees on those competences until they have achieved the desired maturity. This is process that will continue throughout their career on regular intervals." In all, with the move towards multi crew operations, there is no room for individual actions in a cockpit. Almost all tasks have to be performed in consultation and joint consideration. That requires clear and open communication in the cockpit and sometimes with colleagues outside the cockpit.

Airport wildlife management Zambia’s National Airports Corporation Limited NACL runs the four international airports of Zambia. As part of the Foundation's efforts to provide a platform to African aviation professionals eager to share their expertise for the benefit of aviation safety while investing in their own personal development, NACL's Harriet Nakazwe shared her lively insights on airport wildlife management. As assistant airport management of Lusaka's Kenneth Kaunda International Airport, Nakazwe is an active contributor to the Foundation’s airport wildlife management internet user group. That group has participants from all over East and Southern Africa that share their questions and look for solutions to airport wildlife management issue. She participated in the Foundation's 2010 training on airport wildlife management at Kilimanjaro International Airport to further hone her skills, skills that she applies at her homebase in Lusaka. Echoing her training with the AviAssist Foundation's trainer Albert de Hoon, she underlined the importance "to see wildlife as displaying the same behaviour as humans, with a need to feed, rest and chill" Nakazwe spoke about the importance of collecting data on wildlife and wildlife strikes. "Only with data can an airport operator apply true risk management to airport wildlife management", explained Nakazwe "and for that data we need you to report wildlife and strikes" she told the audience. In turn, the participants asked to be kept abreast of what is happening with their reports because otherwise people will become reluctant to report.

Nakazwe's lively and passionate presentation lead to an invitation by the informal safety group in Zambia to come and present on the subject. The informal safety group at Lusaka is a monthly informal meeting in which aviation professionals get together to benefit from each other's expertise. Whereas the meetings originally mostly targeted the Lusaka pilot community, the safety group is now maturing and carefully starts to include constructive professionals from beyond the pilot fraternity. The creation of such professional safety groups that span the wide range of stakeholders involved in aviation safety represents exactly the kind of maturing of a safety culture that the seminar (and its successors) aims to encourage as a spin off from pure knowledge transfer. Nakazwe’s efforts to share experiences with her colleagues in Zambia and beyond are also recognized by one of the Foundation's partners, among others by KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. As part of NACL's constructive relationship with the Foundation and KLM's launch flight ceremony in the days before the '2gether 4safety'-seminar, Lusaka received a bird scaring device for its airport wildlife management unit. The equipment was made available by Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and transported to Lusaka free of charge by KLM.

Next edition '2gether 4safety' The seminar will be lifted to a regional level in its 2013 edition, slated for 13 & 14 May in Zambia. Subjects on the agenda then will include Flight Data Analysis, Emergency Response Planning, Fatigue Risk Management and training. Main invitees for the 2013 edition will be operators and regulators from Burundi, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. Keep an eye on the Foundation's website for further news on this and other events, as the Foundation draws more African aviators into the global community of aviation safety professionals. The Foundation is grateful for the sponsorship of KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Kenya Airways and the hosting by Zambia's ProCharter and Proflight - four crucial partner in making this event a success.

Participants to the first '2Gether 4Safety'-seminar

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Issue33- -2012 2012 Issue

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