RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

TRANSACTIONS OF THE GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE Founded in 1932 Vol. 560

Yu.K RAZNITSIN

TECTONIC DELAMINATION OF THE LITHOSPHERE OF THE YOUNG OCEANS AND PALEOBASINS Responsible Editor Academician Yu.M. Pushcharovsky

MOSCOW NAUKA 2004

1932 . 560

.

2004

551.24 26.38 78 : . ,

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, 1964 -. - ISSN 0002-3272 . 560: / . ; . ISBN 5-02-033274-7

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Editorial Board: Yu.G. Leonov (Editor-in-Chief), . Akhmetiev, Yu.O. Gavrilov, Yu.V. Kariakin, M.A. Semikhatov, M.D. Khutorskoy Reviewers: A.Ya. Sharaskyn, G.L. Kashintsev

Transaction of the Geological Institute / Geological inst. - Moscow: Publisher Academy of Sciences of USSR, 1932-1964. - Moscow: Nauka, 1964 -. - ISSN 0002-3272 Vol. 560: Tectonic delamination of the lithosphere of the young oceans and paleobasins / Yu.N. Raznitsin; Ed. by Yu.M. Pushcharovsky. - 2004. - 270 p. ISBN 5-02-033274-7 Huge extent of original and published data on tectonic structure of the middle-oceanic ridges, deep basins, oceanic raises and transitional ocean-continent zones of young Atlantic and Indian oceans was examined in the book to reveal regularities of the spatial description, conditions and mechanisms of oceanic lithosphere tectonic delamination. Shown that tectonic delaminalion of the oceanic lithosphere changes introduce about her rigid and tectonic inertia. Tectonic delamination of the ancient oceanic lilhosphcrc was examined on examples of ophiolitc allochthohonous of Euroasia and North America. Model of formation of the hydrothcrmal sistems coupled with mautle ultramafics was proposed. This research open broad possibilities for further development of fundamental basis of oceanic tectonics and gcodynamics because the oceans occupy enormous spaceis on the Earth. For tectinists and geologists of wide profile.

ISBN 5-02-033274-7

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.

.

, -

[2002],

, , . .

, -

. .

,

.

,

, -

, VEMA-07M [Fabretti et al., 1998] (

MOB

. 1.17).

-

, 100

,

, (

2 ) ,

, "

" ). .

. (mega-slumpings) .

-

, . ,

.

-

, .

, , 45

,

. 1.17.

MOB

"

VEMA-07M " ",

[Fabretti et al., 1998]

"

. . ,

-

, "

", .

,

, .

,

. [

, 1975 , 1991] .

, MOB ,

, , 1999]. 46

-

,

,

. ,

7°30' 9°

. -

, ,

. (

),

,

.

-

, , 120 150

. 8°40'

.

, 6-

". MOB )

"

068702 , [

,

9-

..., 1991]. ,

-

,

. ,

,

-

, ,

. ,

,

,

. . ,

-

, , ,

. [ ,

, 1990].

,

:

,

-

, . ,

, . (

6,8

. 8,3

)

. .

2-

2,5; 3,5; 5,0

3-

5-6,8

,

4-

.

5,5 47

-

. 1.18.

MOB

068702

( )

( ) .

,

. 1.7

11 ..., 1991].

[

068702

(10-15

(5-15°)

) -

, . . ,

(

. 1.18).

-

. . [Karson et al., 1984] . , , (

, . 1.19). -

MOB ,

. ( -MOB

-

) :

-MOB,

-

,

, 48

. 1.19.

MOB

068702

( )

-

( ) .

. 1.7

, [

-

., 1985], 7°

[

10°

.

., 1980]. ,

,

. -

-

, [

..., 1991].

,

, [

., 1991 ].

, .

. (

) 150-170 ,

). ., 1991 ]. •I

( [

49

-

1000 .

-

4000 . ,

-

, ,

. ,

. , 7-9° . (3-5 1000-2500 .

. .

, .

(800 )

-

, (250

) -

.

).

(

100

)

. .

,

-

. , , . [ ..., 1991].

, . ,

7

1°

7°

9°

.

, ,

( .

(

.

. 1.20)). ,

— 22-

, "

7° 10' " (2000 .) "

"

. -

., 2001].

,

60

.

.

-

. , ,

25 1635

1307

3695 . 50

.

. 1.20.

,

[

,

-

., 2001] 1-9 6-

,7-

:1.

, 12 -

,2,9-

,8; 13, 14 -

-

,

,3; 10 -

,4-

,5; 11, 12 . -

: 13 , 14 [Smith, Sandwell, 1997].

, : 11 -

, , .

. , , [

,

., 2002]. (4°

(7°10'

.)

.)

. 5°05' 10 20

6 15'

-

.

.

5°05' 320°.

. .

(6°54' 6°15'

.).

, . discontiniuty [

, ,

( ., 2001]).

,

5°-7°10'

. ,

, -

. 51

, ,

--

.

-

, , [

,

., 2001]. . ,

-

. ( ),

,

., , -

.

. , ,

,

.[

2002].

, (

).

,

"

"

, . -

(detachment faults). , ,

.

.

:

., 2002].

,

2-2,5

[

,

-

. 5° 7°

.,

-

, . ,

.

.

[

, -

, 1998], "

". , ,

6°

.,

.

:

,

, (overlapping spreding centers) [ 2001 .

,

-

, 22" 2000 . ., 2001]. 10:

"

" (

52

5000 )

-

-

, . . ., 2002]. ,

5° 7°

. .

-

, [

., 2002]. .

4°

.

60

. 4000

, 1600 . [

854

,

-

, 2000]. [

-

., 2000]. .

,

,

,

(

.

,

-

. 1.21). , 7-10

.

,

.

-

, MOB (

.

),

,

,

,

-

-

. ., 1995] . ,

,

, .

, (megashear zone) [Bonatti et al., 1994]. , . 53

. 1.21. 1-

, ;2(

-

( 26); 6 -

;8; 11 ); AM -

2 ); 3 (

(" —36?); 7 —

[

"

, )( ,

., 2000], ); 4 -

;5: -

;97,5 (

.

; 10 :

—

( ( )

( ))

, -

2000

(

.

. 1.20). 2° . 3700 4200

10

, 2000

1996]. 150, 90 56

[ )

( .

30° .

30°

, 1994; (

.

. [

. 25°

30°

., ): 315, -

, 2000].

(

)

-

. . , ,

(

) 110

.

0°50'

-

.,

.

2

9,1

., 29°20'

,

20

[Hekinian et al., 2000].

, , -

, . ,

,

,

.

" "

" 1843 . " 1873 .

1921 .

.

1947], , 1966 . . " ,

II" "

[Tilley, . . -

" [Melson et al., 1967, 1972]. ,

: , 60°

. , 20-30% ( /Ar

.

, . )

[Gorini, 1981].

- 835 , 1988 . 7-

",

.

" [1991].

,

, ,

. . ,

-

. 55

,

. , 195-250

( ,

).

. ,

100—300

-

. 40-55

(

). [Bonatti, 1990]. Ni-Sr

, 155

, .

1998 . "NAUTILE" [Hekinian et al., 2000]. , . .

-

. .

90

3000

), 3500-3400

20 .

, )

(

2300, -

. .

, .

2000, 1700 1600 . , .

1000

,

-

, . ,

,

-

, , (?), . ,

. . -

[Hekinian et al., 2000]. , , .

(foliation) . . [Hekinian et al., 2000] ,

.

56

.

,

,

,

-

, 11°

.[

, ,

., 2001]. (

.

).

-

,

.

-

: 3500 ,

,

. -

. .

:

-

[Wolfe et al., 1993]. (

. -

),

1000 . ,

. ,

, ,

, -

., 2001].

.

,

[

,

. 3500 . .

, (

),

,

, -

950 , ( . 1.22). , .

-

.

180 ,

: ( )

(

) 7000 . -

,

700

1994]. 4 57

[Belderson et al., 500-1000 , : [Bonatti

. 1.22.

,

D-

[Gasperini et al., 1997]

D.

et al., 1994]. 15° 17°

100

-

., . 1000

,

, (

.

. 1.22).

-

4

,

. 13- , 16-

, " " PRIMAR [Bonatti et al., 1991, 1996; 1997], ,

18-

., 1994; Gasperini et al., ( , ) , . 250-300

[Bonatti et al., 1991, 1994].

,

-

, ,

,

,

, 5

,

[Bonatti et al., 1991]. .

,

.

,

, [

., 1993]. D- 15° .

, 15°30'

-

.,

MOB .

, , ,

. MOB ROM-2,

D

, 58

),

. 1.23. [Bonatti et al., 1991]

MOB

ROM-2

(

D( )

. 1.23).

-

8 ,

, -

. ,

(

). 8 . ROM-22

D 15°

.(

-

. 1.24).

,

, 300 . 1 .

-

, , . . , , 15

,

, . (

). -

59

-

. 1.24. ( ),

MOB .

ROM-22 ,

.

D ( ) 16-

.

"

-

" 1; -

;2-

;3-

,

,

;4-

: -

,

-

-

.

, . ,

D, ,

-

. D ( . GS7309-63, S1657, S1659, S1660, S1655) (

2100-3500

. 1.25).

. . GS7309-63 ,

[Bonatti et al., . D ,

, , 1991].

, ,

, . -

.

.

,

,

. 60

-

. 1.25. MOB OFT

-

D ,

,

, , .

-

, ,

-

,

. , ,

D,

. , D, — ( . S1658 S1656) (

.

, . 1.25).

,

,

,

-

. . S1655

3400 , .

D

2000 ,

-

1500 . . ROM-22,

, ( 61

.

. 1.24).

-

),

. 1.26. MOB [Gasperini et al., 1997]

( .

ROM-32M .

. 1.24,

D( )

)

-

,

. ROM-43M

MOB ROM-32M [Bonatti et al., 1996; Gasperini et al., 1997] (

. 1.26 ,

1.27).

.

, ,

, . 1996].

,

,

, , -

,

. 65-55

, , [Bonatti et al., , . -

. , . , . 62

. -

. 1.27. D( )

MOB ( ),

ROM-43M [Gasperini et al., 1997]

-

,

-

.

(

; 140

).

-

. , (Blake-Bahamas) ,

,

.

.

,

-

. . (

. 1.28). , D(

. 1.29).

, D "

"

,

100 ,

63

-

. 1.28. D,

-

[Gasperini et al., 1997] ROM-32M ROM: -

43 . ,

-

"

"

. 1.29.

D

1 — ;2; 3 ;6 -

; 5 ;7-

; 4 ;8 —

,

,

,

. , 55-60

(

1,75 . 64

)

. 1.30.

MOB ( )

( ),

ROM-61M , [Gasperini et al., 1997]

,

. . 1100 "

"

D, ,

6°30' ,

.

,

-

(Ivory Coast - Ghana Ridge) "NAUTILE"

,

-

,

.

[Honnorez et al., 1994]. 1996 . PRIMAR [Gasperini et al., 1997]. MOB , , , . 1.30). . . ,

430 (

" -

" , ,

. ,

, ,

5

.

65

40

D(

ROM-41; 18, ,

).

,

-

,

.

.

,

. ,

170

,

,

20 -

[Emery, Uchupt, 1984]. . ,

, ( .

)

170

, ,

-

. , ,

-

( , [Rosendahl et al., 1991, 1992],

-

, ,

). ,

,

,

-

, , .

"

" 1-

.

5 "

" , .

-

D 1000-2000 [Bonatti et al., 1994]. D, ,

,

-

, , . ,

-

,

. ,

. 66

, -

. 1.31.

,

[Bonatti et al., 1991]

. 1.32. ,

[Bonatti et al., 1994]

.

,

[Bonatti,

Honnorez, 1976;

., 1993]. , , .

.

, (

. 1.31). ,

-

. 19°20'

.

-

[Bonatti et al., 1991, 1994],

.

, ,

25—5

.

67

.

, -

, , , [Bonatti et al., 1994]. ,

(

. 1.32).

, . -

, : 10-5

, ,

;

,

,

-

, ;

5

-

,

,

,

-

; 1000

[

., 1993]. .

, ( ., 1994;

[Bonatti et al., 1993; , 1995].

., 1994; "

"

(

) -

: . 1.22).

.

. .

, . .

-

. .

,

"

, . .

"

. -

, : , . .

,

" ,

"

, 80

, -

. "

"

,

,

,

. 68

-

"

-

" "

"

. :

"

"

,

, ,

,

.

"

, -

"

,

.

,

, "

"

,

-

,

. , . "

"

,

[ ,

,

., 1994].

-

. , [ , ., 2002].

, 1985;

, 1995]. [

., ,

[ 1995].

,

(

)

,

-

. . . 15-20

[

300

[Gasperini, 1993], -

, 1990].

, -

,

. ,

: ,

., 1993].

-

, . , ;

:

, . -

, . ,

,

,

-

. , , 69

-

("

"

), .

,

,

-

.

-

. [

., 1990;

., 1996], .

400

,

"

"

,

,

-

. ,

, (

).

MOB -

, ,

, .

,

,

,

-

, , .

,

, .

, R" [Grow, Markl, 1977; NAT Study Groop..., 1985]. .

"

-

, [Mutter, 1985].

(15-20 ,

-

)

, , 70

. 1.33.

NAT-15,

[McCarthy et al., 1988] ,

. 1 : 1,5

[McCarthy et al., 1988]. ( . 1.33).

, [

, 1989],

[Morris et

, , . al., 1993]

, . , NAT-15, -

,

750-

,

.

-

,

. , 1,5 .

.

NAT-15 MOB

, [White et al., 1990]. . .

,

,

,

,

;

( . 1.34). (flow-line pro30 , 4—6 . 2 -

. , files), 20-40°,

.1— 62%

; ,

35° 71

. 1.34.

,

-

,

,

.31-3 ,

[White et al., 1990]

.

1-8 .4-

.5-

,

-

10-40°. . , ,

. 1.34 -

, 10-30° . 6.

20%

.

20 . .

. (3) -

, "flow-line''-

. ,

,

-

. "isochron''-

. -

, . 20 "

,

( "

,

) -

. , (

)

-

,

, 30-40°,

: ,

-

-

, 20-30°. 72

,

.

,

,

—

,

-

. , .

-

, .

, , [Minshull et al., 1991].

, : 2-3

4-5 8,0

-

.

,

-

. . 10—20

2-2,4 4

-

.

[Mutter, Detric, 1984]. 7,2-7,4

, .

, , . ,

-

, . ,

-

MOB , . , ., 1994].

[

,

, ,

-

. , ,

-

,

.

MOB 90.

,

-

, ,

, . ,

2000

, -

, (

. 1.35),

, , , [Banda et al., 1992; Ranero, Banda, 1997]. 24 (155 ) 73

, (< 120

)

,

1 35

MOB -

Line A, Line , FZ -

Line ,

,

[Ranero, et al., 1997] '

. 1.36.

MOB .

Line

Line , no [Ranero, et ah, 1997] 1:1.

,

-

:

-

:F-

. . ,

,

-

,

-

(

, -

, . ; . 1.36).

. ,

,

-

, [Ranero, Banda, 1997]. , .

.

, , ,

-

.

.

,

.

,

, 75

,

-

"

",

. , .

-

.

. , . (Line ), ,

28°

.,

[Collier, Danobeitia, 1997].

, ,

, ,

30°

,

(poststack time migration prestack depth migration), , (detachment faults) [Ranero, 2 . ,

Reston, 1999]. Ml 1 (124—133

) (30

. (Line ),

)

,

(inside corner high). 8,5

. ,

-

.

,

,

, .

80.

,

-

, MOB [McBride et al., 1994].

, 2200

, ( profiles)

. 1.37).

, 4 (izochron profiles). .

, ,

. 1.38). , ,

,

, ,

, ,

, . 76

(flow , , 10-15° . -

. 1.37.

,

1-

[McBride et al., 1994]

DSDP; 2 -

.

-

. 5,2

.,

28°02'

16°10' .

. 1.38.

MOB

Line 1,

[McBride et al., 1994]

.

,

(flow

profiles). , (

. . 1.39). ,

-

, , , .

77

. 1.39.

MOB

Line 10,

[McBride et al., 1994]

, ,

-

. .

,

, .

,

,

,

: ; ,

,

,

, . , (detachment fault). , ,

.

,

, -

, ,

,

,

1988 .

5,2 ( ,

. 1.37). -

.

,

, . .

-

[McBride et al., 1994]. ,

.

-

, [

..., 1991]. , ,

,

, .

78

. 1.40.

,

[Henstock, White, 1996] -

;m-

; 5-8 -

-

,

,

, (

.-

.).

,

-

[White et al., 1994; Henstock, White, 1996]. MOB

-

,

. 150,

, MOB

-

"Line 1", 15

,

40 7,2

: 10 ,

Ml6.

-

. 4

. (

.

25°) .

2

3,

, ,

(15°) . 1.40

3,

: . ,

. . 1. 41). -

( , . .

. 79

. 1.41.

, ,

[Minshull et al., 1991]

ESP -

. 1.42. , Fl, F2 -

MOB [Reston et al., 1996]

Line 5

Line 7

; Dl, D2 -

80

(detachment faults)

[Reston et al., 1996] (detachment fault), . , .

1,5 (

. 1.42).

-

, ,

26°

. MOB , 24°27' 25°05'

.

-

., [

, 1995;

..., 1998]. .

[

-

, 1994]. . 10-15

,

. ,

,

,

-

. (15—20°),

,

, ,

.

. 1.43). , 400 ,

-

1600 50

-

. ,

, (

, , ) [Basile, Mascle, 1990].

. 1.44,

. , ,

. , . -

. , (

.

. I!

81

. 1.44, ).

-

. 1.43.

,

,

[

, 1994]

, ,

.

[

—

-

, 1994]

,

-

. , ,

-

.

-

, . , ,

, 2000].

-

,

2 , .

-

, .

"

",

,

, (

).

82

. 1.44.

, ( ),

( ),

[Basile, Mascle, 1990]

( )

,

, -

, , .

( 200 ,

), 80 , 5 .

,

,

-

-

25 ,

100 . ,

. -

, , .

, ,

500

,

,

[

, 2001]. , "CYANA" [Auzende et al., 1982; The Gorringe Bank..., 1982]. , , , ( ) . . (50-60 ), ). , . , 120, . . [1985] -

1 (135+3

. .

12., 1989].

"

" 1986 . [

[ (

., 1988;

., 1989]. , . 1.45).

, -

, . [ ., 1989]. 84

-

. 1.45.

. ( )

( ),

[

-

, 1988]

1-

;2-

;3-

;4-

;5-

, 1969 .

, ,

50°. [

-

, 1994 ]. , , [

, 1988;

., 1989].

,

, 20 . , [Galindo-Zaldivar et al., 2003]. 85

,

[

,

, 1986;

, 2000].

-

, .

( (

) -

). .

. . ,

-

. .

8

-

,

,

45° ( . 1.46). (J3-Kj), . ( ,

, 1,5-2 ,

,

)

,

.

,

,

.

,

(

,

.

)

. 1.46.

(

).

-

. 14-

, ( 2); 5 -

); 2 -

(K! a-al); 3 : , -

;6-

;8—

;9-

86

;7-

; -

3° 7° . , -

. .

-

, ., 1987].

9-11

16

(

). ,

16-

",

"

, ( [

-

. 1.47).

, 2000].

,

.

, ,

,

,

.

,

-

.

,

-

, " )(

. -

", : . 1.48, ).

(

, [Hinz, 1981] (

,

-

, , . 1.48, ). , SDR (seaward-dipping reflectors -

.

,

), (

,

, ).

87

-

. 1.47.

,

-

16-

"

[ "; -

, 2000] : 1—

,2—

,

, , . 88

. -

. 1.48. , Mokhtari, 1988], ; VPE — )

MOB

[SeUevoll, ;

( MOB

-

( ); ,

, 23

-

24

. ,

,

56-58

[Hinz, 1981].

, .

[Mutter et al., 1982] , -

.

. DSDP 338 342, SDR,

,

-

.

-

MORB [Talwani, Udintsev, 1976; Mutter, 1984].

. ODP 642E, ,

900

770

SDR ,

122

).

. -

(

140

-

, [Viereck et al., 1989]. "

"

. 1.48, , )

, 7-8 ( ,

[Sellevoll, Mokhtari, 1988]. R" .

.

, "

"

-

"

-

, [White et al., 1990] (

.

"

"). . 1.48, ,

,

"

80 1000 .

,

,

-

. , , , [

,

-

, 1998]. ( 90

, . 1.49).

-

. 1.49. , 1998]

,

MORB.

[

.

,

-

,

-

. ,

-

. ,

,

, ( (1—8 , 114

,

1000

850 ° )

-

-

, 122

(

),

. 100-150 , ( . , .

122

).

.-

.).

,

,

-

,

(100 ), , . (?)

. , .

,

-

, (detachment fault) [Boillot et al., 1995]. St, (

.

. 1.49).

,

. .

[1994 ], : 91

,

,

,

. .

(sim-

(pure shearing) [McKenzie, 1978], ple shearing) [Wernicke, 1985] ( " " . (detachment fault

.).

decollement).

-

[Lister et al., 1986]. , [

,

.

-

, 1998]. .

,

.

. .

160-180 J,

(

-

)

. MOB

,

,

(

. 1.50, ) (

-

, ). , (underplating) [Keen, Voogd, 1988].

-

,

: -

(reflective zones); . 85-2 1-

-

, .

,

,

.

.

-

, , . .

MOB

92

88/1

-

1

. 1.50.

"

1

MOB

1-

• "-

•

84-3 ( ) 85-2 ( ) , [Keen, Voogd, 1988]

,

;2-

.

[Salisbury, Keen, 1993].

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,

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, 2002]

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(

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. 2000].

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)

SDR

-

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SDR , [Lizzaralde, Holbrook, 1997]. 6,7 , , 6,3-6,8 , 7-7,5 , .

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, 1991].

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. 1.53). , [Tivey et al., 1998]. —

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,

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.

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,

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, 2000].

1:10 000 000, , 40 [ 1982].

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1989].

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, 1995; Rona et al., 1992].

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[Casey et al., 1992]. , . ,

-

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[ , 1995]. , [Leg 209, 2003].

. ODP 1272,

,

, -

, 15°05' . [Bougault et al., 1993; Rona et al., 1992],

400

,

"[ 40

,

14°45

"

., 1991]. ., 1994 . , ,—

, 1997;

[

., 2000].

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-

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., 1996] (

.

. 1.4). -

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, , 1997]. 24°30' ., ,

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10 000

,

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., , 1997]. , (12-13°

.),

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2.5. -

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2001] -

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., 1991].

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., 2001],

2003 .

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[Kelley et al., 2001] (

. 2.5). ,

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1,5

. 139

, 15

,

. 2.6. , 1976]

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[

-

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). 140

(33°-38°

.)

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(non-transform offsets - NTO): [Gratia et al., 2000] (

. 2.7). -

. . . 4. . 2.7),

(NTO6

36°10'

.,

-

, " ., 1999; ., 2000]. , 350-500 ° [Fouquet et al., 1998].

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, FAMOUS,

. 2.7. (33°-39° .),

36°30'

-

., 1998 .

[Gratia et al., 2000]

NTO1-NTO10 -

, , 4.

.

-

. 141

, 1998].

,

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[Gracia et al., 2000], ,

(detachment faults), . . .

(7°10'

.)

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., 2002].

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., 2003].

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. 2.8).

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centers) 6°20', 22-

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, 142

, (overlapping spreding ) " 2000 . ., 2001]. -

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., 2003] ;6-

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., 2002]. ,

4

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(detachment faults),

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,

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. 2-2,5 ., 2002]. .

, 14°45'

.,

30°

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.,

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4

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(detachment faults).

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-

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4) [

ity)

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.]. , [

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, , , 1979].

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-

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-

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,

40% ,

. 100

,

in

, situ

DSDP 395A, ,

[Moos, Zoback, 1990].

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145

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(

,

.),

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).

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[

., 2000],

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, 146

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[Bougault et al., 1998]. ,

)

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, 2001]. . , ,

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[

. ODP 735 )

1500 , 2002]. -

. ,

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(

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. [Neal, Stanger, 1983], [Abrajano et al., 1988]. ,

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[Poreda et al., 1990]

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,

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[

-

, 1995]. . ,

,

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, , XXI . , .

-

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[

, 1995, 2001].

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-

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. . [1992, 1994, 1997 , , 1998

.].

, ,

-

. ,

.

[1995]. .

1997] (

.

. 3.1).

148

[Smith, Sandwell,

. 3.1.

.

-

[Sandwell, Smith, 1997] , 1995] : . ; . ): 1 -

511 -

;

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.

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, . ,

[Eittrein, Ewing,

70-

1972; et al.]. ,

-

. (

. ODP 717-719)

:

(7-7,5

)

[Cochran, 1990].

, ,

. . -

,

. ,

,

,

.

( )[ Neprochnov et al., 1988; , , 1995; ., 1999; , 90-

., 1985; 1991; ., 1997; , 1999;

[

, 2000].

, 1987; , 1993; -

, ,

, 1998; , 2000, 2002]. . "Intraplate Deformation in the Central Indian Ocean Basin" [Neprochnov, Gopala Rao et al., 1998]. . ,

,

, ,

, 3500 (

10° . 3.2).

. 10°

. [Bergman, Solomon, 1985; Petroy, Wiens, 1989; 30-80 [Weissel, Haxby, 1984; Weissel et al., 1980; Stein et al., 1989; , 1993]. 150

.,

-

.].

-

,

-

. 3.2.

,

[Chamot-Rooke et al., 1993]

1,2-

,

. 3.7

,

[Weissel et al., 1980]. ( "

. 100

[

60

), " ,

-

, 1991].

[Stein, Okal, 1978; Singh, 1988; 200

,

2

, 1993;

.].

,

5°

.[

, 2000]. -

: ,

100-200

1-1,5

,

. -

, . , , 85-42

(

-

).

, , ,

. 86°, 88°, 90°, 91°, 92°, 94°, 96°, 98°.

,

:

-

(

) [Weissel et al., 1980]. 151

. 3.3. ,

[Bull, Scrutton, 1992]

1,2:! 2-

, -

;3. F — .

-

-

[Geller et al., 1983; Leger, Louden, 1990; Bull, Scrutton, 1992] ( . 3.3). ,

-

, 1990; , 2000].

,

[Neprochnov et al., 1988; , , 1999;

, 1995;

,

.

. 3.4). . , 1995]. (

, [ 100-200

1-1,5

,

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—

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500 . , . ,

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(

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1995] 1-3 -

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, Gopala Rao et al., 1998]

,

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1 : 20

,

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) 20 "

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, 153

-

. 3.6. [Bull. Scrutton, 1992] -

,

, 60°.

40°,

.

3017-18°

Scrutton, 1992], , 1988;

,

, ( (

30-^40°

, 1991; . 3.6) 65°) 8,5-10,5

[Bull, 1990; Bull, [Neprochnov et al., , , 1999]. , -

.

-

, ,

, .

,

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. , 81° (300 400

[Chamot-Rooke et al., 1993].

.

2100

-

.

).

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,

( 5-10

154

) -

. 3.7. 1993]

,

1-

;210-10,5

[Chamot-Rooke et al.,

.

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( . 3.7). 42 -

,

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, 5

7 ), [Leger, Louden, 1990], . )

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230

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[Chamot-Rooke et

al., 1993]. ,

,

.

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,

,

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900

(

). ,

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-

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(

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-

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. — ,

[Weissel et al., 1980;

.].

,

[Bergman, Solomon, 1985; , ,

"

, 1989]. ,

"

( [Singh, 1988].

) [Zuber, -

20

,

, 1987]. (

). ,

"

,

10—18°

.

85° 90°

-

.

, 18°

. , [

,

-

, 1992]. [

-

, 1994]. , .

. .

,

85°

.,

,

-

, . . 3.8 85° 90°

., [

,

, 1992]. -

,

. , 156

, ,

-

. 3.8.

, 11°50'

85°

90°

.),

[

-

.(

, 1994]

1-

:2-

. 3.9. ,

[

,

-

, 1997],

1-

;2—

-

. ,

,

.

,

,

.

-

, (20-30

)

[Petroy, Wiens, 1989]. 14° 15° .), 79° .,

( ,

.

, 157

-

,

5300 . , (

.

-

. , -

, ) —

[

,

, 1997].

9,2-9,7 ,

8-9

(

. 3.9).

, . ,

35 ,

,

3-4 ,

.

,

, .

1,5

0,5 . , .

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-

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-

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,

-

, , .

,

13°30'-16° 200

,

-

. 4000 ( . 2400 .

-

, . 3.1).

,

.

[Stein et al., 1989].

[

., 1991]. , 1996]. 86° 88°.

,

. , (

.

. 3.1). 158

. 3.10.

,

1—

;2-

,

[

,

,

1991]

,

-

. ( [

. 3.10),

,

-

, 1991].

, , 80 . [

-

45°. ,

,

-

, 1992]. , .

, 3° 350 110

(1549 ) ., 83° . ,

, 4000

4900-5300. -

, 83° "

-

. , (

2,5

)

., 1992;

, [ , 1998]. [ ,

, 1996;

..., 2001]. 159

,

-

. 3.11.

-

)

,

201 ( ), [ , 1996]

, :1, ;3:1— ;3-

;2; 2; -

4I— , II, III -

:I.

.

[

2

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,

,

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-

, [Neprochnov, Gopala Rao et al., 1998].

, ,

-

. , :

,

,

.

,

. 3.11

3.12. ;

, ,

; , ,

[

,

, 1996]. ,

-

. "

" ,

160

, -

. 3.12. 301, [ , 1996], . . 3.11,

,

, .

, -

, 1998]. -

(

).

, ,

,

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. ,

-

,

, (60-80°).

,

. -

(

.

. 3.1). 6,5 . 5 ,

20

[

,

, -

,

, 1996].

(

-

)

,

, .

,

.

,

, "

-

". (

). ,

.

2,5—1,5 . ,

-

. , , 11

IO. .

161

[Cochran, 1988].

.

,

, -

. [

,

,

, 1996]

-

. , . , , .

-

, , .

, .

( . 3.12). . , [Bull, Scrutton, 1990; Chamot-Rooke et al., 1993] ( . , -

. -

. 3.6). -

.

( , 5000

90°) 90°

,

10°

. .

(

.

34° ., . 3.1). ,

[Weis et al., 1991]. , , ,

-

.

, . -

.

,

"

". .

[ :

.), ,

-

.

, 1995; (79°

. -

., 2000]. (83°

.), (

( 85°, 90°, 91°, 92°, 94°, 96°, 98° . .), . . 3.1).

, ,

, ,

,

.

,

, ,

162

: -

.

-

, . "

, , 1991, 2001]. ,

"[

-

. , ,

, ;

, . -

.[

,

-

,

: , -

. ,

,

.

? 10—18° , 1991;

, 1995, 1996]. . DSDP 214

ODP 757,

[ODP in Eastern Ocean, 1988]. , -

[

, 1991]. , . (10°-14°

.) ,

.

3—5

,

-

, (

. 3.13). (14°-18°

10-15

.)

-

,

500

,

, 1992]. . ,

,

, .

,

, 1991]. , . , 163

.

-

. 3.13.

, 10° 14°

.,

[

,

, 1992]

, ,

,

. ,

-

, . 10°

, 18°

, .

. . 6-9 . 12-13

-

7,9-8,0 ,

., 1997;

[ ., 2000].

(Vp = 7,3—7,5

)

2 2-6

.

-

,

,

,

,

7,3-7,8 , [Karson et al., 1984].

-

(

.

).

,

"

"

, ,

.

-

: [Weissel et al., 1980].

, , ,

-

, ( , 90° 98°

,

.)

. ,

., [

, 1994].

,

, , 20-21°

.

,

, .

(

.

-

. 3.1). . -

, 165

. 3.14.

,

[

,

, 1994] 1-

,

; 2-

;3— 92°

.; 4, 5 -

(4)

(5)

:

(20-34)

,

. ,

-

,

, -

. , , ,

. . 3.14 (

92°

.),

[

, 1994].

,

(

). .

7 6,5

(

).

92° (

).

, , .

166

-

. 3 .1 5 . .

, [1994] ;2-

.

[1995] 1 -

;3-

,

-

, (98°

.),

, .

,

, (

-

25) (

-

. 3.15). : , ,

-

. ,

, 12°

, ., 105° 167

.(

.

. 3.1).

. 3.16.

,

;2—

( )

[

,

( ) , 1992],

1-

,

-

. 3.16

( 118 .

)

-

, .

, .

.

,

, ,

, 1:1,

"

.

-

" ,

.

,

|

,

, . , . 3.16.

-

,

, . ,

, 168

-

. 3.17.

,

[Sandwell, Smith, 1997]

,

,

,

(

.

. 3.1). -

. . 3.17 . .

. 30-60

[Smith, Sandwell, 1997], ,

,

-

. , . . ,

. 40°

-

. :

, 169

. , , -

. . . , , ,

,

,

, .

-

, , [

,

,

, 1978]. . .

-

, , , . , , ,

98°

-

. -

, . ,

-

,

-

. ,

10°

.,

. [ ,

.