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Running across Europe
10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
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10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
Running across Europe The Rise and Size of One of the Largest Sport Markets
Jeroen Scheerder University of Leuven, Belgium
Koen Breedveld Radboud University, the Netherlands
With
Julie Borgers University of Leuven, Belgium
10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
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Edited by
Selection and editorial matter © Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld 2015 Individual chapters © Respective authors 2015 Foreword © Hansjörg Wirz 2015 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978–1–137–44636–7 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
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No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
MEASURE was founded in 2010 by KU Leuven (Belgium) and the Mulier Institute (the Netherlands). MEASURE is a network of social scientists and statisticians with an interest in sports participation issues. The letters in MEASURE stand for Meeting for European Sport Participation and Sport Culture Research. The reference to ‘culture’ intimates that the debates over sports participation within MEASURE are not limited to the dissemination of data and statistics. It is recognised that in order to be able to explain differences in sports participation, one needs to understand the position that sports hold within society at large and the broader culture of which these are part and parcel. Analyses of these (sporting) cultures may include quantitative as well as qualitative methods, albeit the former are generally more predominant than the latter within the MEASURE context. The objectives of MEASURE are to • improve the access to reliable sports participation data and the opportunity for researchers to exchange information; • improve the quality of sports participation data; • improve the understanding of differences in sports participation between countries and social groups; and • raise interest in sports participation research among policymakers. To attain these goals, the MEASURE network meets once or twice a year, often in combination with well-attended international conferences. In addition, a website (www.measuresport.eu) is maintained to gather and disseminate relevant recent research reports and policy documents.
10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
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MEASURE
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10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
Contents
List of Tables and Figures
xiii xx
Editors
xxii
Notes on Contributors
xxiv
1 Who Is Doing a Run with the Running Boom? The Growth and Governance of One of Europe’s Most Popular Sport Activities Jeroen Scheerder, Koen Breedveld and Julie Borgers
1
Two waves of running The first and second running wave in figures Conceptual and governing aspects of running Framework of the book
1 8 15 21
2 Belgium (Flanders): Trends and Governance in Running Julie Borgers, Steven Vos and Jeroen Scheerder
28
Introduction Governance and provision of running in Flanders State Civil society Market Trends in sports participation and participation in running General sports participation Evolution of sports preferences over the years A profile and typology of runners in Flanders Segmentation of runners in Flanders Typologies of runners Expenditures on running Conclusion
28 28 30 33 35 38 39 40 41 42 48 52 54
vii
10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
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Foreword
viii Contents
Introduction Structure and aim of the chapter Data on runners Rising participation in sport and running From sport to sport and/or exercise Running in Denmark Increased competition in the running market The Danish runner – an overall picture Both women and men run Running is primarily for people under 50 years of age Other characteristics Is running for everybody? Recent study on runners – catching the runners Method Results Five running types How to raise club membership Recommendations: Tailor-made programmes Conclusion 4 England: The Governance and History of Running, the Decision to Run and Trends in Running Participation Andrew Spiers, Spencer Harris, Angela Charlton and Peter Smale Introduction The governance of running in England A brief history of running in England From running to amateur athletics The twin track – athletics and running Running – why we do it Analysis of trends and patterns of participation The Active People Survey Recent trends in adult sports participation in England Demographic and geographic differences in running The formality of running participation Analysis of the characteristics of participation Conclusion
59 59 60 60 61 62 62 67 68 68 69 69 71 72 72 72 73 75 75 77
81
81 81 84 85 87 89 91 91 91 93 97 98 99
10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
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3 Denmark: Running for the Sake of Running? A Profile and Segmentation of Danish Runners Peter Forsberg
ix
5 Finland: From Elite Running to Mass Running Events Hanna Vehmas and Jukka Lahti
105
Introduction History of Finnish running (in brief) Data and methods Definition of running Sampling and data Running in Finland Participation in running as a pastime Running events Finnish runners participating in international mass running events Reasons explaining the popularity of running in Finland Motives for running Structural and background factors Goals of society Cultural meanings Conclusion
105 106 108 108 109 110 110 112
6 Germany: Running Participation, Motivation and Images Kirstin Hallmann, Christoph Breuer and Sören Dallmeyer Introduction Sports and running participation Theoretical framework Methodology Results Motivational strength and involvement of running participants Theoretical framework Methodology Results Images of (marathon) running Theoretical background Methodology Results Conclusion Appendix
114 114 115 115 116 117 118
121 121 122 123 124 124 125 125 126 127 128 128 130 131 132 134
10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
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Contents
Contents
7 Greece: Mass Running: A New Trend from Ancient Times? Leonidas Petridis Introduction Historical background Governance Methods Data collection and treatment Results Running events Participants in running events Running habits of Greek runners Motivations and degree of commitment of the respondents Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents Discussion The Greek runner: a first profile The social side of running Conclusion Acknowledgements 8 Hungary: The Popularisation and Expansion of Amateur Running Culture Szilvia Perényi Introduction Historical background of running in Hungary Governance of running in Hungary Recent trends in general sports participation in Hungary Recent trends in running in Hungary Marketing in the popularisation of running Case study: the Budapest Marathon event, 2008–2012 Introduction Results Conclusion 9 The Netherlands: Rising Participation Rates, Shifting Segments Paul Hover, Harold van der Werff and Koen Breedveld Introduction Milestones in history – Fanny Blankers-Koen Running and the ‘Trimactie’
140 140 141 142 144 144 145 145 148 149 151 153 156 156 158 159 160 163 163 164 166 168 168 172 174 174 176 183 187 187 187 187
10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
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x
Formal inclusion of recreational runners in the athletics community Trends in sports participation and running Sports participation Participation in running Three waves of running Organised and non-organised running Runners’ profile Image of running Mass participation in running events Case studies on running events Profile of the event runner Social context Innovation of (road) running events Satisfaction and advocacy Conclusion
xi
188 189 189 190 192 194 197 197 199 199 200 201 201 202 203
10 Slovenia: A Study of Ljubljana Marathon Participants Mojca Doupona Topiˇc and Samo Rauter
208
Introduction Sports participation in Slovenia Popularity of running and running events Results and discussion Socio-demographic characteristics of event runners Running-related background characteristics Incidental runners Enthusiastic runners Serious runners Conclusion
208 208 209 213 214 218 220 220 221 222
11 Spain: A Sociological Analysis of the Evolution and Characteristics of Running Ramon Llopis-Goig and Anna Vilanova Introduction State of the question: the research on running in Spain The practice of running in light of the last Survey of Sport Habits (2010) Frequency and manner of practising running Reasons for practising running Barcelona road race trends The circuit of popular races in Valencia Conclusion
225 225 226 229 230 231 233 234 238
10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
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Contents
xii Contents
A brief history of running The rise of running as an event Size of the EU running market The social structures of running Clubs and federations, cities and businesses Running into the future Running’s research future Challenges and opportunities for the running community Appendix: the EU running market Size of the EU running market Running expenditures in the EU Index
241 241 243 245 247 250 254 254 255 257 258 258 265
10.1057/9781137446374 - Running across Europe, Edited by Jeroen Scheerder and Koen Breedveld
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12 Running across Europe: The Way Forward Koen Breedveld, Jeroen Scheerder and Julie Borgers
