Classification: Statoil internal

Status: Draft

Rules and Regulations enforced by Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA) at the Norwegian Continental Shelf Sverre Haver, Statoil, February 2007 Presentation is to a large extent based on presentations held by Geir Løland, Statoil, at several occasions.

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Design of Structures – an illustrative overview RULES AND REGULATIONS

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS STRUCTURAL DESIGN, I.E. DIMENSIONS, GEOMETRY, MATERIAL, STRENGTH

ALL FORESEEN LOADS

STRUCTURE FULFILLING RULES

Î A sufficient knowledge of rules and regulations are necesssary to ensure that the designed structure fulfils overall requirements regarding health, environment and safety

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Implementation of PSA’s HSE regulations • All operators have to establish a Management and Control System which verifies that the PSA regulations are properly implemented

• The design and operation of all offshore facilities in Norway shall be in compliance with PSA’s regulations.

• Definition of HSE in PSA’s regulations: –“

… These regulations encompass safety, working environment, health, the external environment and economic assets (including production and transport regularity - operational availability)…… ”

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Development in HSE Regulations for offshore activities on the Norwegian Continental Shelf • PSA (PTIL) – Petroleum Safety Authority in the main HSE regulation body. • NPD (OD) -The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate is responsible for: – RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS and THE MEASUREMENT REGULATIONS • Development of HSE regulation regime: – 1970 – 1980 • young industry and detailed technical regulations – 1990 – 2000 • maturing industry, less technical regulations and more references to recognized industrial standards

– 2000 – • Mature industry, functional requirements and extensive use of recognized national and international standards (ISO, API, NORSOK etc.) Increased focus on safety management systems

• Authorities and industry work together to develop modern regulation regime • Government and industry trust each other, and work for the common goal of a safe and sustainable oil industry

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HSE regulations aims towards preventing:

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Norwegian regulation hierarchy Acts / Laws Regulations Guidelines Standards Company internal requirements

Lysark tatt fra RVK kurset

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HSE regulation hierarchy Petroleum act

Working env. act

Pollution act

Health care acts

Other acts.

REGULATIONS RELATING TO HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES (THE FRAMEWORK REGULATIONS)

Management reg.

Information reg.

Facility reg.

Operation reg.

Appendixes Guidelines International and national standards Company requirements Lysark tatt fra RVK kurset

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REGULATIONS RELATING TO HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES THE FRAMEWORK REGULATIONS

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THE FRAMEWORK REGULATIONS Table of content (1of 2) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS

CHAPTER V MATERIAL AND INFORMATION

§ 1 Purpose

§ 17 General requirements to material and information

§ 2 Scope of application etc.

§ 18 Documentation

§ 3 Use of maritime legislation in the petroleum activities

§ 19 Documentation in the early phase

§ 4 Definitions

§ 20 Matters relating to health, environment and safety in the plan for development and operation of petroleum deposits and the plan for installation and operation of facilities for transport and utilisation of petroleum

CHAPTER II TO WHOM THE REGULATIONS ARE DIRECTED AND REQUIREMENTS TO EMPLOYEE CONTRIBUTION § 5 Responsibility according to these regulations § 6 Arrangements for employee contribution CHAPTER III PRINCIPLES RELATING TO HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY § 7 Use of the principles of Chapter III

§ 21 Application for consent § 22 Decommissioning plan § 23 Publicly available information on safety CHAPTER VI DESIGN AND OUTFITTING OF FACILITIES ETC. AND CONDUCT OF ACTIVITIES IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES

§ 8 Prudent petroleum activities

§ 24 Development concepts

§ 9 Principles relating to risk reduction

§ 25 Data on natural conditions

§ 10 Organisation and competence

§ 26 Placing of facilities, choice of routes

§ 11 Sound health, environment and safety culture

§ 27 Duty to monitor the external environment

§ 12 Health related matters

§ 28 Use of facilities § 29 Co-ordination of emergency preparedness

CHAPTER IV MANAGEMENT OF THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES § 13 Duty to establish, follow up and further develop a management system § 14 Qualification and follow-up of other participants § 15 Verifications § 16 Use of the Norwegian language

§ 30 Co-operation on emergency preparedness § 31 Safety work in the event of industrial disputes

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THE FRAMEWORK REGULATIONS Table of content (2of 2) CHAPTER VII SAFETY ZONES § 32 Relationship to international law

§ 49 Travel time and working hours

§ 33 Establishment of safety zones

§ 50 Rest breaks

§ 34 Establishment of safety zones for sub sea facilities

§ 51 Overtime

§ 35 Specific safety zones established in situations of hazard and accident

§ 52 Periods of stay

§ 36 Requirement to impact assessments etc § 37 Revocation of safety zones

§ 53 Off-duty periods and time off § 54 Minimum age

§ 38 Monitoring of safety zones § 39 Alert and notification in connection with entry into safety zones § 40 Measures against intruding vessels or objects § 41 Marking of safety zones § 42 Announcement of safety zones CHAPTER VIII SPECIAL RULES ACCORDING TO THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT ACT

CHAPTER IX CLOSING PROVISIONS § 55 Supervisory authority § 56 Authorities’ access to facilities and vessels § 56A Administrative proceedings and duty of secrecy § 56B Observers § 57 Regulations § 58 Individual decisions

§ 43 Several employers at the same workplace, general

§ 59 Exemptions

§ 44 Several employers at the same workplace, principal enterprise

§ 60 Training of civil servants

§ 45 Joint working environment committees § 46 Right of the responsible safety delegate to stop dangerous work § 47 Ordinary working hours § 48 Plans of working hours arrangements and periods of stay

§ 61 Appeal § 62 Sanctions § 63 Entry into force, repeal of regulations and transitional arrangements

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Framework reg. § 1 Purpose “……

• The purpose of these regulations are to – a) further a high level as regards health, environment and safety in the petroleum activities,

– b) achieve a systematic implementation of measures to fulfil the

requirements and reach the objectives set out in the legislation relating to health, environment and safety,

– c) further develop and improve the level as regards health, environment and safety

……..” “ … These regulations encompass safety, working environment, health, the external

environment and economic assets (including production and transport regularity operational availability)…… ”

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Framework reg. §3 Use of maritime legislation in the petroleum activities “With regard to mobile facilities registered in a national register of shipping, and which follow a maritime operational concept, relevant technical requirements contained in rules and regulations of the Norwegian Maritime Directorate in the form following the amendments in 2003, together with supplementary classification regulations issued by Det norske Veritas, or international flag state rules with supplementary classification rules achieving the same level of safety, may be used as an alternative to technical requirements laid down in or pursuant to the Petroleum Act, with the following specifications and limitations:

• a) this section only comprises provisions on matters of a maritime nature which are – not directly connected with the petroleum related function which the facility is intended to carry out.

The section does not comprise provisions on

– drilling and process equipment, – universal sound and light alarms, – equipment used for transportation of personnel and requirements to transportation of personnel on the drill floor,

– other provisions on the working environment, – the activities to be carried out in the petroleum activities, • b) the facility must be used in a way that makes it possible to use a flag and or classification practice implying a calendar based recertification, including five-yearly main survey,

• c) the operational assumptions on which design, fabrication and operation are based shall be clarified, • …………”

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Definition of ship versus mobile units versus permanent facilities Ship: Example shuttle tanker Follow Maritime Regulation ..

Mobile units: Drilling rigs, well intervention vessels etc operating at a location for a limited time May follow a recognized maritime regulation

Permanent installations, e.g. floating production units:

Follow PSA regulation

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Framework reg. §5 Responsibility according to these regulations • “The operator and other parties participating in the petroleum activities are responsible

according to these regulations and regulations issued pursuant to these regulations. The party responsible shall ensure that requirements specified by the legislation relating to health, environment and safety are complied with.

• The operator shall see to that anyone carrying out work for him, either personally, by

employees, contractors or sub-contractors, complies with requirements specified by the health, environment and safety legislation.

• In addition to the duties imposed on the licensees according to individual provisions

contained in these regulations, the licensees are responsible to see to it that the operator complies with requirements specified by the health, environment and safety legislation.

• The employees have a duty to contribute according to the Working Environment Act Section 16.”

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Employee Contribution

Section 6 Arrangements for employee contribution •

The responsible shall ensure that the employees and their elected representatives are given the opportunity to contribute on matters of importance to the working environment and safety.

•

In order to further health, environment and safety, it shall be ensured that the employees and their elected representatives are given the opportunity to contribute in the establishment, follow-up and further development of managing systems ensuring that the activities comply with requirements in the rules and regulations.

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Improving of safety In Section 8 it is stated: A high level of health, environment and safety shall be established, maintained and improved.

This is an important message to the operators when it comes to adequate maintenance of their structures and – not the least – in connection with major modification work done on the installations. Over the operational life of a structure a number of modifications of various scales will typically be done. It is important to ensure that such modifications are in conflict with the text of section 8 of the Framework Regulation.

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FR§ 9 Principles relating to risk reduction • Harm or hazard to people, the environment or to financial assets shall be prevented or limited in accordance with the legislation relating to health, the Management environment and safety, including internal requirements and acceptance ALARP criteria. Over and above this level the risk shall beregulation: further reduced to the §6 Acceptance criteria extent possible. Assessments on the basis of this provision shall be made in all phases of the petroleum activities.

• In effectuating risk reduction the party responsible shall select the technical, operational or organisational solutions which according to an individual as well as an overall evaluation of the potential harm andFacility present and§8future reg. use offer the best results, provided the associated costs are not significantly Qualification and disproportionate to the risk reduction achieved.

BAT

use of new technology • If there is insufficient knowledge about the effects thatand usenew of the technical, methods

operational or organisational solutions may have on health, environment and safety, solutions that will reduce this uncertainty shall be chosen.

Precautionary principle

• Factors which may cause injury, damage or nuisance to people, the

environment or to financial assets in the petroleum activities shall be replaced by factors which in an overall evaluation have less potential for injury, damage or nuisance.

Substitution principle

Management regulation:§6 Acceptance criteria for risk relating to major accident and risk relating to the environment • The operator shall establish acceptance criteria for risk relating to major accident and risk relating to the environment.

• Acceptance criteria shall be established for – a) the personnel on the facility as a whole, and for groups of personnel which are particularly risk exposed,

– b) the loss of main safety functions as mentioned in Section 6 of the Facilities Regulations relating to main safety functions,

– c) pollution from the facility. • The acceptance criteria shall be used in assessing results from the

quantitative risk analyses, cf. Section 14 relating to analysis of risk relating to major accidents, Section 15 relating to quantitative risk analyses and emergency preparedness analyses and Section 16 relating to environmental risk and preparedness analyses. Cf. also the Framework Regulations Section 9 on principles relating to risk reduction

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Facility regulation: §8 Qualification and use of new technology and new methods

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• Where the petroleum activities entail use of new technology or new

methods, criteria shall be defined with regard to development, testing and use in order to accommodate the requirements to health, environment and safety.

• The criteria shall be representative of the relevant operational

conditions, and the technology or the methods shall be adapted to already accepted solutions.

• Qualification or testing shall demonstrate that applicable requirements can be met by using the relevant new technology or new methods.

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Summary • What is meant by HSE in PSA’s regulations? • These regulations encompass safety, working environment, health, the external environment and economic assets (including production and transport regularity - operational availability)

• What is most important to account for in design? Health, environment or safety?

• Health, environment and safety are of equal importance! • What is meant by ALARP? • As Low As Reasonable Practical +++++ • What is meant by BAT? • Best Available Technology +++++

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REGULATIONS RELATING TO MANAGEMENT IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES (THE MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS)

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THE MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS Table of content CHAPTER I RISK MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER IV ANALYSES

§ 1 Risk reduction

§ 13 General requirements to analyses

§ 2 Barriers

§ 14 Analysis of major accident risk

CHAPTER II MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS § 3 Management of health, environment and safety § 4 Objectives and strategies § 5 Internal requirements § 6 Acceptance criteria for major accident risk and environmental risk § 7 Monitoring parameters and indicators § 8 Basis and criteria for decision CHAPTER III RESOURCES AND PROCESSES

§ 15 Quantitative risk analyses and emergency preparedness analyses § 16 Environmentally oriented risk and emergency preparedness analyses § 17 Analysis of the working environment CHAPTER V MEASURING, FOLLOW-UP AND IMPROVEMENT § 18 Collection, processing and use of data § 19 Registration, examination and investigation of situations of hazard and accident § 20 Handling of non-conformities

§ 9 Planning

§ 21 Follow-up

§ 10 Work processes

§ 22 Improvement

§ 11 Manning and competence § 12 Information

CHAPTER VI ENTRY INTO FORCE § 23 Entry into force

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Management reg. §1 Risk reduction “..In risk reduction as mentioned in the Framework Regulations Section 9 on principles relating to risk reduction, the party responsible shall choose technical, operational and organisational solutions which reduce the probability that failures and situations of hazard and accident will occur.

• In addition barriers shall be established which – a) reduce the probability that any such failures and situations of hazard and accident will develop further,

– b) limit possible harm and nuisance. • Where more than one barrier is required, there shall be sufficient independence between the barriers.

• The solutions and the barriers that have the greatest risk reducing effect shall be chosen based on an individual as well as an overall evaluation. Collective protective measures shall be preferred over protective measures aimed at individuals

……”

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Management reg. §2 Barriers “ …..

• The operator or the one responsible for the operation of a facility, shall

stipulate the strategies and principles on which the design, use and maintenance of barriers shall be based, so that the barrier function is ensured throughout the life time of the facility.

• It shall be known what barriers have been established and which function they are intended to fulfil, cf. Section 1 on risk reduction, second paragraph, and what performance requirements have been defined in respect of the technical, operational or organisational elements which are necessary for the individual barrier to be effective.

• It shall be known which barriers are not functioning or have been impaired. • The party responsible shall take necessary actions to correct or compensate for missing or impaired barriers.

…..”

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The Management reg. § 21 Follow-up • “The party responsible shall follow up to see that all elements of his own and of other participants’ management system are established and functioning as intended, and that an adequate level of health, environment and safety exists.

• This follow-up shall contribute to identifying technical, operational or organisational weaknesses, failures and shortcomings.

• Methods, frequency and extent of the follow-up, and the degree of independence in its implementation, shall be adapted to the importance of these element to health, environment and safety.”

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The Management reg. § 21 Follow-up The responsible parties

License owner

Authorities

SFT

Operator

PSA

Contractor

HTil

Subcontractor

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The Management reg. § 5 Internal requirements • “The party responsible shall stipulate internal requirements which

specify the regulatory requirements, and which will contribute to meeting the objectives in relation to health, environment and safety, cf. Section 4 on objectives and strategies. If the internal requirements are expressed functionally, criteria of fulfilment shall be established.

• The operator shall ensure that there is accordance between his own requirements, as well as between own requirements and the requirements of other participants.”

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Section 6 Management Regulation

The operator shall set acceptance criteria for major accident risk and environment risk. Acceptance criteria shall be set for a) the personnel on the facility as a whole, and for groups of personnel which are particularly risk exposed, b) the loss of main safety functions as mentioned in the Facilities Regulation Section 6 on main safety functions, c) pollution from the facility, d) damage done to third party.

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Section 7 Management Regulations

Section 7 Monitoring parameters and indicators The party responsible shall establish monitoring parameters within his areas of activity in order to monitor matters of significance to health, environment and safety. The operator or the one responsible for the operation of a facility, shall establish indicators to monitor changes and trends in major accident risk.

In view of the requirement of continuous improvements, such monitoring parameters may be an important tool.

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Section 11 Management Regulations

Section 11 Manning and competence The party responsible shall ensue adequate manning and competence in all phases of the petroleum activities, cf Section 10 of the Framework Regulation. There shall be set minimum requirements to manning and competence in respect of functions a) where mistakes may have serious consequences in relation to health, environment and safety, b) which shall reduce the probability of failures and situation hazard and accident developing further.

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Sections on analyses – Management Regulations Section 13 General requirements to analyses The party responsible shall ensure that analyses are carried out, which provide the necessary decision basis in order to give due considerations of health, environment and safety. When carrying out and updating the analyses, recognized model, methods and techniques and the best available data shall be used. Analyses shall be updated when alterations in the conditions, assumptions and delimitations individually or as a whole affect the results of the analyses, or when new knowledge of significance to the results of the analyses exists. Criteria shall be set for updating of analyses. Section 14 Analysis of major accident risk Quantitative risk analyses and other necessary analyses shall be carried out to identify contributors to major accident risk, including showing a) the risk connected with planned drilling and well activities, and show which effects these activities have on the total risk on the facility, b) the effect of modifications and the carrying out of modifications on the total risk, c) the risk connected with transportation of personnel between the continental shelf and shore and between the facilities

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Framework regulation §15 Verifications • “The party responsible shall consider and come to a decision with regard to the extent of verifications, the method to be used in and the degree of independence of the verification in order to document that the requirements of the legislation relating to health, environment and safety have been met. When it has been decided that verifications are to be implemented, such verifications shall be carried out according to an overall and unambiguous verification programme and verification basis.

• The operator shall establish the verification basis for the total petroleum

activities after having made an evaluation of the extent of, the method to be used in and the degree of independence of the verification. The operator shall also carry out an overall evaluation of the results of verifications which have been carried out.

• The Petroleum Safety Authority may require the operator to have verifications carried out, or alternatively carry out verifications itself”

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The Management reg. § 20 Handling of nonconformities • “The party responsible shall record and follow up non-conformities to the requirements relating to health, environment and safety legislation, including non-conformities to internal requirements that are of significance to compliance with the requirements contained in the health, environment and safety legislation. To what extent the nonconformities are of significance to health, environment and safety, individually and in relation to other non-conformities, shall be considered and determined.

• Non-conformities shall be corrected, their causes shall be established and corrective actions shall be initiated to prevent recurrence of the deviation. The actions shall be followed up and their effect shall be evaluated.

• Until non-conformities have been corrected, necessary compensating actions shall be initiated in order to maintain an adequate level of health, environment and safety.

• Necessary preventive actions to avoid other potential non-conformities, shall be initiated.

• The party responsible shall keep a summary of the status of non-conformities in his own activities. The operator or the person responsible for the operation of a facility shall keep an overall summary.”

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Avvik og Unntak Non-Conformity and Exemption • Avvik: Uoverenstemmelse med spesifisert krav – et forhold • Unntak: Myndighetenes aksept av et avvik fra myndighetskrav – en beslutning • "Non-conformity" denotes in this context a discrepancy between chosen solutions and statutory requirements.

• "Exemption" denotes the authorities' decision to accept a nonconformity to a requirement of regulations

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Framework reg. §59 Exemptions • “The Ministry of Labour and Government Administration, the Ministry of the

Environment, the Ministry of Health, the supervisory authorities as mentioned in Section 55 or anyone authorised by them may make exemptions from the provisions issued in or in pursuance of these regulations within their respective areas of authority when particular reasons for such exemption exist, with the specifications which follow from Section 13 of these regulations on the duty to establish, follow up and further develop a management system, fifth paragraph.

• If the exemption may be of importance to safety and the working

environment, a statement from the elected representative of the employees relating to the application shall be enclosed with the application for exemption

• Exemption only when authorities HES level is not fulfilled!

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Section 22 Management Regulations

Section 22 Improvement The party responsible shall continually improve health, environment and safety by identifying the processes, activities and products that need improvement , and implement necessary improvement measures. The measures shall be followed up and their effect shall be evaluated. The individual person shall be stimulated to take active part in identifying weaknesses and suggest solutions, cf. section 11 of the Framework Regulation. Provisions shall be made for using knowledge gained through experience from own activities as well as the activities of others in the improvement efforts.

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Questions • What is the difference between ”Non-conformity” and ”Exemption”?

• Non-conformity: Dicrepancy between chosen solution and statutory requirements

• Exemption: Authorities decision to accept a non-conformity

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Design of facilities

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REGULATIONS RELATING TO DESIGN AND OUTFITTING OF FACILITIES ETC. IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES “THE FACILITIES REGULATIONS “ page 1 of 2 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS

III-II DESIGN OF WORK AREAS AND ACCOMMODATION SPACES

§ 1 Definitions

§ 19 Ergonomic design

§ 2 Systems and other equipment for manned underwater operations from vessels

§ 20 Man-machine interface and information presentation

CHAPTER II GENERAL PROVISIONS § 3 Choice of development concept § 4 Design of facilities § 5 Design of simpler facilities without overnight stay possibility § 6 Main safety functions § 7 Safety functions CHAPTER III MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROVISIONS III-I MULTIDISCIPLINARY COMMON REQUIREMENTS § 8 Qualification and use of new technology and new methods § 9 Plants, systems and equipment § 10 Loads, load effects and resistance § 11 Materials § 12 Handling of materials and transport routes, access and evacuation routes § 13 Ventilation and indoor climate § 14 Chemicals and chemical exposure § 15 Flammable and explosive goods § 16 Instrumentation for monitoring and recording § 17 Systems for internal and external communication § 18 Communication equipment

§ 21 Outdoor work areas § 22 Noise and acoustics § 23 Vibrations § 24 Lighting § 25 Radiation § 26 Equipment for transportation of personnel § 27 Safety signs III-III PHYSICAL BARRIERS § 28 Passive fire protection § 29 Fire divisions § 30 Fire divisions in living quarters § 31 Fire and gas detection systems § 32 Emergency shutdown systems § 33 Process safety systems § 34 Gas release systems § 35 Fire water supply § 36 Fixed fire-fighting systems § 37 Emergency power and emergency lighting § 38 Ballasting systems § 39 Open drainage systems

“THE FACILITIES REGULATIONS “ page 2 of 2 III-IV EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

IV-IV LIVING QUARTERS

§ 40 Equipment for rescue of personnel

§ 59 Living quarters

§ 41 Material for action against acute pollution

§ 60 Health department

§ 42 Standby vessels

§ 61 Emergency unit

§ 43 Means of evacuation

§ 62 Supply of food and drinking water

§ 44 Survival suits and life jackets etc § 45 Manual fire-fighting and fireman's equipment

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IV-V MARITIME INSTALLATIONS § 63 Stability § 64 Anchoring, mooring and positioning

III-V ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS § 46 Electrical installations

§ 65 Turret IV-VI DIVING SYSTEMS § 66 Systems and equipment for manned underwater operations

CHAPTER IV SPECIFIC SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS IV-I DRILLING AND WELL SYSTEMS

IV-VII OTHER SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS § 67 Loading and discharging facilities

§ 47 Well barriers

§ 68 Waste

§ 48 Well control equipment

§ 69 Exhaust ducts

§ 49 Compensator and disconnection systems

§ 70 Lifting appliances and lifting gear

§ 50 Drilling fluid system

§ 71 Helicopter decks

§ 51 Cementing unit

§ 72 Marking of facilities

§ 52 Casings and anchoring of wells

§ 73 Marking of equipment and cargo

§ 53 Equipment for completion and controlled well flow § 54 Christmas tree § 55 Remote operation of pipes and work strings

§ 74 Lifts CHAPTER V IMPLEMENTATION OF EEA LAW § 75 Simple pressure vessels § 76 Personal protective equipment

IV-II PRODUCTION PLANTS § 56 Production plants

§ 77 Aerosols § 78 EMC § 79 Ex-equipment

IV-III MAIN LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES AND PIPELINE SYSTEMS

§ 80 ATEX

§ 57 Main load bearing structures

§ 81 Pressure equipment not comprised by the Facilities Regulations

§ 58 Pipeline systems

§ 82 Machinery and safety components not comprised by the Facilities Regulations CHAPTER VI ENTRY INTO FORCE § 83 Entry into force

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Section 3 Facilities Regulations Section 3 Choice of development concept In choosing a development concept the following shall be taken into consideration: a) Major accident risk, b) Form of operation, c) Risk of pollution, d) Geographical location, e) Location conditions, f) Reservoir properties, g) Requirements to regularity, h) Life time, i) Subsequent removal, if any, j) Need for development of new technology.

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Facility reg. §4 Design of facilities Facilities shall be based on robust and the simplest possible solutions and shall be designed so that

– – – – – – – – – –

a) withstand loads …. b) ALARP c)single component failure d) maintain main safety functions e) safe material handling f) working environment g) operational limitations h) health and hygiene i) lowest possible risk of pollution, j) satisfactory maintenance.

• Fire and explosion strategy. • Area classification • Green water

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Robust design shall contribute such that the facilities can withstand unknown dangers.

Known dangers

Unknown danger

”Safety factor” We are focusing on the known dangers

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Facility reg. § 6 Main safety functions • “The main safety functions shall be defined unambiguously in respect of each individual facility in order to ensure the safety for personnel and to limit pollution.

• With regard to permanently manned facilities the following main safety functions shall be maintained in the event of an accident situation:

– a) preventing escalation of accident situations so that personnel outside the immediate vicinity of the scene of accident, are not injured,

– b) maintaining the main load carrying capacity in load bearing structures until the facility has been evacuated,

– c) protecting rooms of significance to combating accidental events, so that they are operative until the facility has been evacuated, cf. Section 29 on fire divisions,

– d) protecting the facility’s safe areas so that they remain intact until the facility has been evacuated,

– e) maintaining at least one evacuation route from every area where

personnel may be staying until evacuation to the facility’s safe areas and rescue of personnel has been completed.

….”

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Facility reg. §7 Safety functions • Facilities shall be equipped with necessary safety functions which at all times are able to

– a) detect abnormal conditions, – b) prevent abnormal conditions from developing into situations of hazard and accident,

– c) limit harm in the event of accidents. • Performance requirements shall be defined • The status of safety functions shall be available in the central control room.

• Safety functions should be designed so that they can be tested and maintained without impairing the performance of the functions

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Section 8 Facilities Regulations

Section 8 Qualification and use of new technology and new methods Where the petroleum activities involve new technology or new methods, criteria shall be prepared with regard to development, testing and use in order to fulfil the requirements to health, environment and safety. The criteria shall be representative of the relevant operational conditions, and the technology or the methods shall be adapted to already accepted solutions. Qualification or testing shall demonstrate that applicable requirements can be fulfilled by use of the relevant new technology or new methods.

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Section 10 Facilities regulations Section 10 Loads, load effects and resistance The loads that may affect the facilities or parts of the facilities, shall be determined. Accidental loads and environmental loads with an annual probability grater than or equal to 1x10-4 shall not cause the loss of a main safety function, cf. section 6 an main safety functions. When loads are determined, the effects of seabed subsidence above or in connection with the reservoir shall be taken into account. Functional and environmental loads shall be combined in the most unfavourable way. Facilities or parts of facilities shall be able to withstand the design loads and the probable combinations of these loads at all times.

Section 10 is rather general and functional, in guidelines one will find references to other standards.

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Section 16 Facilities Regulation

Section 16 Instrumentation for monitoring and recording Facilities shall be equipped with necessary instrumentation for monitoring and recording of conditions and parameters that may be of significance in the verification of results from analyses and calculations and parameters of significance of the facility. Facilities shall in addition be equipped with instrumentation for recording of environmental data that may be of significance to the petroleum activities. The first facility of a new type shall have instrumentation for acquisition of data to verify the calculations. Fixed reference electrodes shall be installed on the first facility in areas where the corrosive conditions deviate from areas of past experience.

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Section 38 Facilities regulations

Section 38 Ballasting systems Mobile facilities shall be equipped with a system capable of ballasting any ballast tank under normal operational conditions. In the event of an unintended flooding of any space adjacent to the sea it shall nevertheless be possible for ballasting to take place. Ballasting systems shall be in accordance with Norwegian Maritime Directorate’s regulation of 20 December1991 No. 879 concerning ballast systems on mobile offshore units, last amended 11 April 2003, section 2 and section 7 to 22 inclusive.

It is seen that the Facilities Regulations directly refer to the regulations provided by the Norwegian Maritime Directorate.

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Section 57 Facilities Regulations

Section 57 Main load bearing structures Main load bearing structures shall be designed so that single component failure or water penetration through outer walls facing the sea cannot lead to unacceptable consequences.

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Sections 63 Facilities Regulations

Section 63 Stability Floating facilities shall be in accordance with the requirements contained in the Norwegian Maritime Directorate’s regulations of 20 December 1991 No. 878 concerning stability, watertight subdivision and watertight/weathertight closing means on mobile offshore units, last amended 11 April 2003, Section 8 to 51 inclusive. There shall be weight control system on floating facilities, which shall ensure that weight, weight distribution and centre of gravity are within design assumptions. Equipment and structural parts shall be secured against displacements that can affect stability.

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Section 64 Facilities Regulations Section 64 Anchoring, mooring and positioning Floating facilities shall have systems to enable them to maintain their position at all times and, if necessary, be able to move away from the position in the event of a situation of hazard and accident. The anchoring system shall be in accordance with the Norwegian Maritime Directorate’s regulations of 4 September 1987 No. 857 concerning anchoring/positioning systems on mobile offshore units, last amended 11 April 2003, sections 6 and 7. Vertical forces as mentioned in the regulations Section 6 subsection 5.8 can be accepted in respect of some types of anchors such as pile, plate or suction anchors. The requirements to instantaneous release of the anchoring system as mentioned in the regulation Section 6 subsection 3.1, applies only if the riser release is at the same time. The anchoring system for facilities with production plants and facilities located adjacent to another facility, shall also be in accordance with the Norwegian Maritime Directorate’s regulations of 10 February 1994 No. 123 for mobile offshore units with production plants and equipment, last amended 11 April 2003, Section 16. On such facilities the calculations in respect of the anchoring system shall not include the advantage of active operation of anchoring winches. The anchoring sytem shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Norwegian Maritime Directorate’s regulation of 10 February 1994 No. 123 for mobile offshoe units with production plants and equipment, last amended 11 April 2003, Section 35. With regard to thruster assisted anchoring, failure due to a single failure of the thruster system shall not lead to overloading of the anchoring system.

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References to standards etc. from Facility and Activity regulation. (1 of 3) American Petroleum Institute (API) API 17J, Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe, 2nd Edition November 1999, Errata May 25, 2001, Addendum 1, June 2002, Effective date: December 2002. API RP 14C, Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design, Installation, and Testing of Basic Surface Safety Systems for Offshore Production Platforms, 7th Edition 2001

European Standard (EN) EN 614-1, Safety of machinery – Ergonomic design principles Part 1:Terminology and general principles, 1995. EN 614-2, Safety of machinery – Ergonomic design principles Part 2: Interactions between the design of machinery and work tasks.

API RP 17B Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe, 1 July 1998,

EN 894-1, Safety of machinery – Ergonomics requirements to the design of displays and control actuators – Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators, 1997.

API RP 13B2 Recommended Practice Standard Procedure for Field Testing OilBased Drilling Fluids, 1 February 1998,

EN 894-2, Safety of machinery – Ergonomics requirements to the design of displays and control actuators – Part 2: Displays, 1997.

API RP 14B Recommended Practice for Design, Installation, Repair and Operation of Subsurface Safety Valve Systems, 1 July 1994.

EN 894-3, Safety of machinery – Ergonomics requirements to the design of displays and control actuators – Part 3: Control actuators, 2000.

Det Norske Veritas (DNV) DNV OS-A101, Safety Principles and Arrangement, 2001. DNV OS-B101, Metallic Materials, 2001. DNV OS-C101, Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD-method), 2004.

EN 1838, Lighting applications – Emergency lighting, April 1999. EN 13852-1, Cranes – Offshore cranes – Part 1: General – purpose offshore cranes, 2004 CEN prEN 13306 Maintenance Terminology, October 2000 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

DNV OS-C102, Structural Design of Offshore Ships, 2004.

IEC 60092 Electrical installations in ships (relevant parts).

DNV OS-C103, Structural Design of Column Stabilised Units (LRFD-method), 2004.

IEC 60331 Tests for electric cables under fire conditions - Circuit integrity, Part 11, 21, 23 and 25, 1999.

DNV OS-C104, Structural Design of Self Elevating Units, 2004.

IEC 60332 Tests on electric cables under fire conditions - Part 1 (1993), 2 (1989), 3-10 and 3-21 through 3-25 (2000).

DNV OS-C105, Structural Design of TLPs (LRFD-method), 2001. DNV OS-D101, Marine & Machinery Systems & Equipment, 2001.

IEC 61508 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems, Part 1-7, 1998.

DNV OS-D201, Electrical System and Equipment, 2001.

IEC 61892 Fixed and mobile offshore units - Electrical Installations, Part 3, 5, 6 and 7, 1997-2000.

DNV OS-D202, Instrumentation, Control & Safety Systems, 2000. DNV OS-D301, Fire Protection, 2001.

IEC 61508 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems, 1st edition,

DNV OS-E101, Drilling Plant, 2000.

Part 1: General requirements, December 1998,

DNV OS-F101, Submarine Pipeline System, 2000.

Part 2: Requirements for electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems, May 2000,

DNV OS-F201, Dynamic Risers, 2001. DNV Guidelines no.14 "Free spanning Pipelines", 1998. DNV OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline System, 2000,

Part 3: Software requirements, December 1998, Part 4: Definitions and abbreviations, December 1998,

DNV RP G-101Recommended Practice for Risk Based Inspection of Topside Static Mechanical Equipment, 2000,

Part 5: Examples of methods for the determination of safety integrity levels, December 1998,

DNV RP F-101 Corroded Pipelines, 1999.

Part 6: Guidelines on the application of IEC 61508-2 and 61508-3, April 2000,

The Danish Energy Agency (Denmark) Guidelines for design of unmanned production platforms, October 1989.

Part 7: Overview of techniques and measures, March 2000, CEI/IEC 60300-3-11 Application guide – Reliability centred maintenance. First edition, 1999-03. IEC 61892 Mobile and fixed offshore units – Electrical installations, Edition 1.0.

55

References to standards etc. from Facility and Activity regulation. (2 of 3) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO 834 Fire-resistance tests – Elements of building construction, Part 1 (1999), 3 (1994) and 4 through 7 (2000). ISO 1182 Fire Tests – Building Materials – Non-Combustibility Test, third edition, 1990. ISO 1716 Building Materials – Determination of Calorific Potential, first edition, 1973. ISO 3008 Fire-Resistance Tests on Door and Shutter Assemblies, first edition, 1976 with additions and corrections from 1976, 1977, 1982 and 1984. ISO 3009 Fire-Resistance Tests – Glazed Elements, first edition, 1976 with additions from 1977 and 1984. ISO 5657 Reaction to fire tests – Ignitability of building products using a radiant heat source, 1997. ISO 5660-1: Fire tests – reaction to fire – part 1: rate of heat release from building products (Cone Calorimeter method), first edition, 1993. ISO 6385: Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems, first edition 1981. ISO 8383 Lifts on ships – specific requirements, 1985. ISO 9705 Fire Tests – Full-Scale Room Test for Surface Products, first edition, 1993 with corrections in 1996. ISO 10418 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Offshore production platforms - Basic surface safety systems, 2003. ISO 10417 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Subsurface safety valve systems - Design, installation, operation and repair, 2004 ISO/FDIS 10423 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling and production equipment - Wellhead and christmas tree equipment, 2003.

ISO 14224 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment, 2002. ISO 15544 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Requirements and guidelines for emergency response, 2000 ISO 17776 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Guidelines on tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment, 2002 ISO 19901-7 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Specific requirements for offshore structures – Part 7: Stationkeeping systems for floating offshore structures and mobile offshore units, 2005. Norsk Standard (NS) NS 3420 Descriptive texts for buildings and construction, 2004. NS 3473 Engineering of concrete structures, calculation and structural rules, 2003. NS 3907 Technical fire testing of doors, ports and hatches – fire resistance, 1977. NS 3908 Technical fire testing of glass sections – fire resistance, 1977. NS 4931 Guidelines for assessing human reactions to low-frequency horizontal movements (0.063 to 1 Hz) in permanent structures, particularly buildings and offshore installations, 1985. NS 6033 Sea engineering – Signs – with fixed text, 1977 with addition 1981. NS-EN ISO 9000:2000 Systemer for kvalitetsstyring – prinsipper og terminologi, 1. utgave desember 2000 NS-INSTA 800:2000 Rengjøringskvalitet

ISO 11064 Ergonomic design of control centres, Part 1-4, 1999-2004. ISO/FDIS 13535 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling and production equipment - Hoisting equipment, 2000. ISO 13623 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Pipeline transportation systems, 2000. ISO 13628 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Design and operation of subsea production systems, part 1-9, 1999-2002. ISO 13702 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations – Requirements and guidelines", 1999.

The International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA) The Association of Offshore Diving Contractors: AODC 035 Code of practice for the safe use of electricity under water, 1985. International Maritime Organization (IMO) IMO/MSC circular 645, Guidelines for vessels with dynamic positioning systems, 6 June 1994

56

References to standards etc. from Facility and Activity regulation. (3 of 3) NORSOK standards

NORSOK P-001 Process Design, revision 4, October 1999.

NORSOK C-001 Living quarters area, revision 2, October 1997

NORSOK P-100 Process Systems, revision 2, October 2001.

NORSOK C-002 Architectural components and equipment, revision 2, October 1997

NORSOK R-001 Mechanical Equipment, revision 3, November 1997.

NORSOK C-004 Helicopter deck on offshore installations, revision 1, September 2004.

NORSOK R-004 Piping and equipment insulation, revision 2, June 1999.

NORSOK R-003 Safe use of lifting equipment, revision 2, 2004,

NORSOK D-001 Drilling facilities, revision 2, July 1998

NORSOK R-100 Mechanical Equipment Selection, revision 2, November 1997.

NORSOK D-002 System requirements well intervention equipment, revision 1, October 2000.

NORSOK S-001 Technical Safety, revision 3, January 2000.

NORSOK D-SR-007 Well testing system, revision 1, January 1996.

NORSOK S-005 Machinery-working environment analyses and documentation, revision 1, March 1999.

NORSOK D-010 Well integrity in drilling and well operations, revision 3, August 2004.

NORSOK S-002 Working Environment, revision 4, August 2004.

NORSOK T-001 Telecom systems, revision 3, December 2003

NORSOK G-CR-001 Marine soil investigations, revision 1, May 1996

NORSOK T-100 Telecom subsystems, revision 3,January 2004.

NORSOK H-001 HVAC – Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, revision 4, November 2001.

NORSOK U-001 Subsea production systems, revision 3, October 2002.

NORSOK I -002 Safety and automation systems (SAS), revision 2, May 2001. NORSOK L-001 Piping and Valves, revision 3, September 1999. NORSOK L-002 Piping Design, Layout and Stress Analysis, revision 2, September 1997.

NORSOK U-100 Manned underwater operations, revision 1, August 1999. NORSOK U-101 Diving respiratory equipment, revision 1, August 1999. NORSOK Z-001 Documentation for operation (DFO), revision 4, March 1998, NORSOK Z-DP-002 Coding System, revision 3, October 1996.

NORSOK M-001 Material selection, revision 4, August 2004.

NORSOK Z-006 Preservation, revision 2, November 2001,

NORSOK M-101 Structural steel fabrication, revision 4, Dec. 2000.

NORSOK Z-007 Mechanical Completion and Commissioning, revision 2, December 1999,

NORSOK M-102 Structural aluminium fabrication, revision 1, Sept 1997. NORSOK M-501 Surface preparation and protective coating, revision 5, June 2004. NORSOK M-503 Cathodic protection, revision 2. September 1997 NORSOK M-601 Welding and inspection of piping, revision 4, July 2004. NORSOK N-001 Structural design, revision 4, January 2004. NORSOK N-002 Collection of metocean data, revision 1, September 1997. NORSOK N-003 Actions and action effects, revision 1, February 1999. NORSOK N-004 Design of steel structures, revision 2, October 2004. NORSOK N-005 Condition monitoring of loadbearing structures, revision 1, December 1997,

NORSOK Z-008 Criticality analysis for maintenance purposes, revision 2, NORSOK Z-013 Risk and emergency preparedness analysis, revision 2, September 2001. NORSOK Z-015N Temporary equipment, revision 3, June 2003. NORSOK Z-016 Regularity management & reliability technology, revision 1, December 1998

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Use of recognized standards / norms • The standards referred to in the regulations are the norms for PSA’s HSE acceptance levels

• Other standards can be used but requires documentation of equal or better HSE performance

• Framework regulation: §18 Documentation “….. When the party responsible makes use of a standard referred to in the comments to a regulation provision as a means of complying with the regulation requirements on health, working environment and safety, the party responsible may as a rule take it that the regulation requirements have been met. When other solutions than those recommended in the comments to a regulation provision are used, the party responsible shall be able to provide documentation to the effect that the selected solution fulfils the regulation requirements. ….. “

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Section 43 Facilities Regulation Section 43 Means of evacuation It shall be possible to carry out quick and effective evacuation of personnel on facilities to a safe area in all weather conditions, cf. the Activities Regulation Section 68 on handling of situations of hazard and accident litera d. The choice of means of evacuation, their placing and protection shall be based on the defined situations of hazard and accident, cf. the Activities Regulations Section 64 on establishing emergency preparedness. As means of evacuation in respect of evacuation to sea, free-fall lifeboats supplemented by escape chutes and associated life rafts shall be used. Separate assessments of the need for and selection of equipment for hyperbaric evacuation may be carried out. Hyperbaric evacuation units shall be designed so that they can be towed and lifted out of the water in the weather conditions relevant for use of such evacuation units.

NB! Note the first sentence of this section!!

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REGULATIONS RELATING TO CONDUCT OF ACTIVITIES IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES “THE ACTIVITIES REGULATIONS”

60

REGULATIONS RELATING TO CONDUCT OF ACTIVITIES IN THE PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES “THE ACTIVITIES REGULATIONS” page 1 of 3 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS Section 1 Systems and other equipment for manned underwater operations from vessels CHAPTER II ARRANGEMENTS ACCORDING TO THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT ACT Section 2 Co-ordinating working environment committees for fields, and joint, local working environment committees for mobile facilities

CHAPTER VI OPERATIONAL PREREQUISITES VI-I PREREQUISITES FOR START-UP Section 18 Start-up and operation of facilities VI-II COMPETENCE Section 19 Competence

Section 3 Safety and health personnel

Section 20 Safety and working environment training according to the Working Environment Act

Section 4 Provision of medical examinations for employees

Section 21 Practice and exercises

Section 5 Recording of work hours VI-III PROCEDURES CHAPTER III HEALTH SERVICES

Section 22 Procedures

Section 6 Availability of the health service Section 7 Duties of the health service

VI-IV PREREQUISITES FOR USE

Section 8 Doctor on call

Section 23 Use of facilities

Section 9 Medicinal products and medical equipment

Section 24 Safety systems

Section 10 Dealing with communicable diseases

Section 25 Critical activities

Section 11 Food and drinking water

Section 26 Simultaneous activities

Section 12 General cleaning CHAPTER VII PLANNING AND CONDUCT OF ACTIVITIES CHAPTER IV PRE-SURVEYS AND INSTALLATION

Section 27 Planning

Section 13 Pre-surveys

Section 28 Actions during conduct of activities

Section 14 Installation and commissioning

Section 29 Monitoring and control Section 30 Transfer of information

CHAPTER V TRANSPORT AND STAY Section 15 Transport Section 16 Stay on facilities Section 17 Accommodation

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THE ACTIVITIES REGULATIONS page 2 of 3 CHAPTER VIII WORKING ENVIRONMENT FACTORS

X-II EMISSION AND DISCHARGE TO THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Section 31 Arrangement of work

Section 55 a Discharge of oil-contaminated water

Section 32 Ergonomic aspects

Section 55 b Emission to air

Section 33 Psychosocial aspects

Section 56 a Ecotoxicological testing of chemicals

Section 34 Chemical health hazard

Section 56 b Categorization of chemicals

Section 35 Radiation

Section 56 c Environmental assessments

Section 36 Noise and vibrations

Section 56 d Choice of chemicals

Section 37 Outdoor work

Section 57 Use and discharge of chemicals

Section 38 Safety signs and signalling in the workplace

Section 58 Chemicals for emergency preparedness

Section 39 Personal protective equipment

Section 59 Discharge of cuttings, sand and solid particles

Section 40 Use of work equipment

Section 60 Discharge from formation testing and cleanup of wells

Section 41 Information on risk during conduct of work

Section 61 Measuring the quantity of discharged oil, other substances and water

CHAPTER IX MAINTENANCE Section 42 Maintenance Section 43 Classification Section 44 Maintenance programme Section 45 Planning and priorities Section 46 Maintenance effectiveness Section 47 Specific requirements to condition monitoring of structures and pipeline systems Section 48 Specific requirements to testing of blow out preventer and other pressure control equipment CHAPTER X THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT X-I MONITORING OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Section 49 Cooperation on and planning of monitoring of the external environment Section 50 Remote measurement of acute pollution Section 51 Baseline surveys Section 52 Environmental monitoring Section 53 Follow-up surveys Section 54 Characterisation of oil and chemicals

Section 62 Measuring associated fluids discharged with solids X-III WASTE Section 63 Waste CHAPTER XI EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS XI-I GENERAL REQUIREMENTS TO EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Section 64 Establishing emergency preparedness Section 65 Joint use of emergency preparedness resources Section 66 Emergency preparedness organisation Section 67 Emergency preparedness plans XI-II EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS IN SITUATIONS OF HAZARD AND ACCIDENT Section 68 Handling of situations of hazard and accident XI-III EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AGAINST ACUTE POLLUTION Section 69 Regional emergency preparedness against acute pollution Section 70 Action against acute pollution

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THE ACTIVITIES REGULATIONS page 3 of 3 CHAPTER XII COMMUNICATION Section 71 Communication CHAPTER XIII DRILLING AND WELL ACTIVITIES Section 72 Well programme Section 73 Well location and well path Section 74 Handling of shallow gas Section 75 Monitoring of well parameters Section 76 Well barriers Section 77 Well control Section 78 Controlled well flow Section 79 Securing of wells Section 80 Remote operation of pipes and work strings CHAPTER XIV MARINE OPERATIONS Section 81 Positioning CHAPTER XV ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Section 82 Work on and operation of electrical installations CHAPTER XVI LIFTING OPERATIONS Section 83 Lifting operations CHAPTER XVII MANNED UNDERWATER OPERATIONS Section 84 Manned underwater operations Section 85 Provisions relating to time periods CHAPTER XVIII ENTRY INTO FORCE Section 86 Entry into force

APPENDIX 1 Requirements for Environmental Monitoring of the Petroleum Activities on the Norwegian Continental Shelf

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§ 13 Pre-surveys “Prior to placing of facilities the necessary preliminary surveys ensuring the safe installation, operation and disposal of facilities shall be carried out.”

– Metocean and natural conditions – Basic environmental survey – Sea bottom surveys – Pipeline route surveys – Shallow gas surveys – Subsidence

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§ 14 Installation and commissioning “

• During installation of facilities and parts thereof it shall be ensured that the loads to which they are subjected do, not exceed the loads as mentioned in the Facilities Regulations Section 10: Loads, load effects and resistance.

• On commissioning of facilities it shall be ensured that they are in

compliance with the requirements of the Facilities Regulations, cf. also the Framework Regulations Section 18 on documentation. The technical condition of plants, systems and equipment shall be maintained until the plants, systems and equipment are taken into service “

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Section 19 Activities Regulation

Section 19 Competence It shall be ensured that the personnel at all times have the competence necessary to be able to carry out the activities safely and in accordance with the legislation relating to health, environmenth and safety. In addition the personnel shall be capable of handling situations of hazard and accident, cf. the Management Regulations Section 11 and section 21 of these regulation.

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Section 24 Activities Regulations

Section 24 Safety systems The actions and limitations necessary in the event of overriding or disconnecting of safety systems or parts of such systems, or when the systems are otherwise impaired, shall be established beforehand. The status of all overriding, disconnections and other impairments shall be known at all times.

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Section 42 Maintenance “The party responsible shall ensure that facilities or parts thereof are maintained, so that they are capable of carrying out their intended functions in all phases of their lifetime.”

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§ 43 Classification • “The systems and equipment of facilities shall be classified with regard to the health, environment and safety related consequences of potential functional failures.

• With regard to functional failures that may entail serious

consequences, the party responsible shall identify the different fault modes with associated failure causes and failure mechanisms, and estimate the failure probability in respect of the individual fault mode.

• The classification shall constitute the basis for the choice of

maintenance activities and maintenance frequency, and for the priority of different maintenance activities.”

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§ 44 Maintenance programme • Fault modes which constitute a risk to health, environment or safety, cf. Section 43 on classification, shall be systematically prevented by means of a maintenance programme.

•

The programme shall comprise activities for monitoring of performance and technical condition, which will ensure that fault modes that are developing or have occurred, are identified and corrected.

•

The programme shall also contain activities for monitoring and control of failure mechanisms that may lead to such fault modes.

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Framework regulation §11 Favourable health, environment and safety culture

Finance

Implemented through: •Safe and robust design and operations •Continues focus on HSE •Safe work analysis •On job safety talks •HSE topic in all meetings •Courses in PSA’s regulations •HSE as KPI •Kollegaprogrammet •etc. Operations

Construction

Operations

The party responsible shall encourage and promote a favourable health, environment and safety culture comprising all activity areas and which contributes to achieving that everyone who takes part in petroleum activities takes on responsibility in relation to health, environment and safety, including also systematic development and improvement of health, environment and safety.

Maintenance

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Conclusion • PSA’s regulations are implemented through the operators Management and Control System!

• All are responsible for achieving a sufficient HSE level in all our activities!

• HSE is inherent in all we do!

TAKE YOUR HSE RESPONSIBILITY SERIOUSLY!

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NORSOK N-001 Structural Design • Limit state design method • Limit state:

This term refers to a state of the structure where the structure or a part of the structure no longer fulfils the requirements ensuring that the structure performs according to the design specifications.

• Limit state conveniently controlled by an equation on the form: Permanent loads

Variable loads

Environmental loads

γ p x p + γ v xv + γ e xe ≤ Partial safety factors

yc

γm

Capacity

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NORSOK N-001 Structural Design • Serviceability Limit State (SLS)

Ensuring functionality of equipments and comfort for crew members.

• Ultimate Limit State (ULS)

Basic design limit state ensuring a sufficient margin against foreseen loads.

Characteristic loads given by designer/operator

Capacity: 5% value of elastic component capacity Material factor for steel: 1.15

Load with 10-2 annual probability of exceedance

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NORSOK N-001 Structural Design • Fatigue Limit State (FLS) Important limit state ensuring a proper margin against fatigue failures. Limit state formulation: Fatigue Life Calculated > nf * Structural Design Life nf = 1, 2, 3 or 10 depending on severity of a fatigue failure. 10 is used for cases with large consequences which additionally is difficult to inspect. NB! If a safety factor of 10 is found for a detail where inspection can be made, one can not skip inspections.

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NORSOK N-001 Structural Design • Accidental Damage Limit State (ALS) The purpose of the accidental damage limit state is to ensure that a given accidental scenario does not lead to a complete loss of the integrity of the structure. Partial safety factors are in most cases set equal to 1.0, the characteristic accidental load shall correspond to an annual exceedance probability og 10-4, and the capacity used may utilize plasticity and system effects. Minor local damage is permissible within ALS. In damaged condition, structure shall withstand 10-2 – annual probability enviromental loads. For Norwegian Continental Shelf, rare environmnetal loads (10-4 – annual probability loads) shall be used in controlled using the accidental limit state.

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NORSOK N-001 Structural Design Sound design principles according to N-001 are:

N-001 States that: The Principal Standard regarding loads is N-003