5/30/2013

Risk and Situation Update of Recent Landslide in Majalengka District

By  Dr. Surono

CENTER FOR VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOLOGICAL HAZARD MITIGATION

GEOLOGICAL AGENCY MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

Landslide Hazard Mitigation Strategy

Basic concept of disaster management and basic knowledge on landslide phenomena in Indonesia was introduced to improve the understanding and awareness, so that they can be further motivated and empowered to develop effective disaster management as well as public education programs. Therefore, mitigation system is a crucial step towards empowerment of human resources to guarantee the sustainable life and environment in the landslide vulnerable area.. The landslide hazard mitigation strategy at Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources aim to reduce number of live, socio and economics losses caused by Landslide. The step of the strategy are: Landslide Susceptibility Mapping, Early Warning System, Monitoring Landslide, Socialization and Sending Quick Respond Team

1

5/30/2013

Landslide Susceptibility Mapping. Landslide susceptibility Mapping normally based on regency administration with scale 1 : 100.000. This Map developed by Ilwiss 3.3 program under windows and Map Info version 8. The aims of this method are to identify potential area and high susceptibility of landslide and factors controlling the susceptibility of landslide Early Warning System. The main procedure of early warning system on landslide is by sending the potential landslide map based on overlaying between landslide susceptibility map and monthly rainfall prediction (from BMKG). This map send monthly to local government which is located on the potential area of landslide and we uploaded in http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id every month. Landslide Monitoring The aim of monitoring landslide in is to know the activities of landslide based on direction, intensity, velocity of land movement. The monitoring landslide in CVGHM office is using GPS, extensiometer, piezometer.

Socialization Basic concept of disaster management and basic knowledge on geohazard phenomena in Indonesia is to improve the understanding and awareness, so they can be further motivated and empowered to develop effective geological hazard disaster management as well as public education programs. Therefore, socialization is a crucial step towards empowerment of human resources to guarantee the sustainable life and environment in the geohazard vulnerable area. Sending Quick Respond Team Quick respond team will come to landslide hazard, They will give the technical recommendation to prevent the landslide and reduce the impact of landslide hazard . a

b

Figure 1. (a) Landslide located in Campaka District, Cianjur Regency, West Java caused 13 peoples died, 4 peoples injured ,30 houses destroyed and 24 hoses threaten (November 14, 2008). (b) Landslide located in Campakamulya District, Cianjur Regency, West Java caused, 98 houses destroyed ,37 hoses threaten and 20 ha Valley destroyed (November 15, 2008).

2

5/30/2013

3

5/30/2013

Local government and Community Response At Landslide Susceptibility Area

Medium

Low Very low

High High potential of landslide; Restricted Vital and Strategic Infrastructure Aware in high intensity of rainfall

Landslide potential occurs; Infrastructure and settlement Without cut of slope and slope disturbance Aware in high intensity of rainfall Free Building for settlement, Not live on a river bar area

Free Building

LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP

4

5/30/2013

LANDSLIDE MONITORING  

 

Criteria: Settlements, Vital and strategis road (examples; Bogor-Puncak-Cianjur, Sumedang, Majenang-Wangon) Aims ; To know activity of landslide based on direction, velocity of landslide movement, to reduce socio-economics impact of landslide Method: Monitoring by using GPS (Global Positioning System) Result: Rate of landslide movement and technical recommendation example: New road at Ciloto and slope stabilization at Citatah, West Java is recommendation from CVGHM

9

Aim and objectivity • Landside hazard early warning system • Information of susceptibility to landslide zone • To calm down community in the landslide area • To improve understanding and awareness on geohazard phenomena as well as on the importance of local community, local governments, decision makers and public education. • Develop appropriate strategy and program for public education.

10

5

5/30/2013

Rainfall estimation map

Landslide Susceptibility map

Overlay map of Landslide Susceptibility

Landslide early warning system

6

5/30/2013

No

Provinsi

1.

JAWA BARAT

Kabupate n /Kota BOGOR

KODYA BOGOR

Kecamatan

Potensi Terjadi Gerakan Tanah

CIAWI TENJO

Menengah Menengah

PARUNGPANJA NG RUMPIN CIGUDEG LEUWILIANG NANGGUNG CIBUNGBULAN G CIAMPEA CIOMAS CILEUNGSI BAG. SELATAN CARINGIN CIJERUK MEGAMENDUN G SEMPLAK CISARUA BABAKANMAD ANG CITEUREUP JONGGOL CARIU JASINGA BOGOR SELATAN

Menengah Menengah-Tinggi Menengah-Tinggi Menengah-Tinggi Menengah-Tinggi Menengah-Tinggi Menengah-Tinggi Menengah Menengah Menengah Menengah Menengah Menengah Menengah Menengah-Tinggi Menengah-Tinggi Menengah-Tinggi Menengah-Tinggi Menengah-Tinggi Menengah

SUKABUMI

PARAKANSALAK CISOLOK PARUNGKUDA KELAPANUNGGAL CIBADAK

BAROS KABANDUNGAN CIDAHU CICURUG NYALINDUNG CIDOLOG CIEMAS SUKARAJA

KEDUDAMPIT

TEGALBULEUD PELABUHAN RATU CISAAT PABUARAN NAGRAK SUKABUMI PURABAYA KALIBUNDER SAGARANTEN JAMPANG TENGAH JAMPANGKULON LENGKONG CIKEMBAR CIKIDANG WARUNGKIARA SURADE CIRACAP KELAPANUNGGAL GEGERBINTUNG

Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Berpotensi Banjir Bandang Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah Menengah - Tinggi Berpotensi Banjir Bandang Menengah Berpotensi Banjir Bandang Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi Menengah Menengah - Tinggi Menengah - Tinggi

Landslide Impacts with or without debris flow

• Infrastructures damaged (houses, building, transportation, bridge, agriculture, and irrigation) • Geological and environment damaged (fracture, creeping and slump) • Lost of human life caused by collapsed of buildings, material buried • Seriously Injured (broken bone)

7

5/30/2013

LANDSLIDE AT CIPULARANG HIGHWAYS

16

8

5/30/2013

17

Statistic of Landslides in Indonesia

LANDSLIDES IN INDONESIA 2005 - 2012 PERIOD

YEARS

EVENT

D

I

DH

D

TH

P (Ha)

2005

51

243

22

532

283

788

557

R (m) 1370

2006

82

591

276

2050

276

910

5707

39210

2007

101

312

498

136

195

225

45

773

2008

139

88

23

1553

253

1555

164

508

2009 

161

659

237

2379

513

1177

7

3061

2010 

199

470

139

2831

491

1682

171

1501

2011

82

126

39

5939

311

265

5.5

4151

2012

124

136

122

2958

308

808

1414.7

6750

Keterangan: D

: Peolpe Died

TH

: Threatened Houses

I

: People Injured

P

: Plantattion Damaged

DH

: Damaged Houses

R

: Road damaged

D

: Destroyed Houses

9

5/30/2013

Statistic of Landslides in Indonesia 2011 Period

PROVINCES

Jawa Barat Jawa Tengah Jawa Timur D.I. Yogyakarta Bali NTT NTB Sulawesi Utara Sulawesi Selatan Sulawesi Tengah Sumatera Utara Sumatera Barat Sumatera Selatan Gorontalo Aceh Maluku TOTAL

EVENT

D

I

DB

DsT

TB

DA

29 13 13 2 2 1 3 2 1 2 3 5 1 1 1 3 82

27 20 11 2 3

7 15 10 1

708 58 18 1

38 32 4 3

60 88 100 2

2 5 3

2 3 3 9 11 13 4

1

4196 70 804 2 81

70 1 1 93 37 32

1 5939

311

4

DOB Valley

ROAD

5.5 1 2

IR

330 50 800 2300 21

3

10

10

300

15 350

1

13 5 126

4 39

265

27

13

5.5

4151

0

Explanation : D

: Dead

I

: Injured

DB : Damage Buildings

DsT : Destroyed Buildings

DOB: Destroyed another buildings

TB

IR

: Threaten Buildings

: Irigation

DA : Damage another buildings

Landslides Event in Indonesia 2012 Period

PROVINCE

EVENT

Jawa Barat Jawa Tengah Jawa Timur Bali Banten Papua NTB NTT Sumatera Barat Sumatera Utara Sulawesi Utara Sulawesi Tengah Sulawesi Barat Jambi Aceh Kalimantan Timur Lampung Maluku TOTAL 

62 9 9 5 2 1 2 2 8 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 8 124

DIED

INJURED

36 4 4 9

41

1

2

1 4

HOUSES DAMAGED

DESTROYED

THREATENED

720 15 18 5 25 1

108 15 4 2 5

756

17 10

5 6 4 4 29 1

6 4 57

728 337 1 317 622 6 150

4 29 136

7 122

13 2958

67 4 19 51 4 1 14 1 13 308

25 808

10

5/30/2013

Landslides event 2013  Periode (up to april 22nd2013) HOUSES DIED PROVINCE

EVENT

Jawa Barat Jawa Tengah Jawa Timur Banten Bali NTB NTT Sumatera Barat Sumatera Utara Sumatera Selatan Sulawesi Utara Sulawesi Tengah Sulawesi Barat Jambi Aceh Papua Lampung Maluku

50 9 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 2

TOTAL 

1 3 2 1 82

INJURED

DAMAGED

DESTROYED

THREANTENED

39 7

14 11

337 51

35

231 6 13

1

3

13

4

14 20

4

12

9 14

3

5

4

4

2

10

99

41

4928

3 4500

0 12

2

63

252

Landslides Event in Indonesia  2013 Period Jambi Aceh Sulawesi Tengah 4% Papua Sulawesi Utara 0% Sulawesi Barat 1% 2% 2% Sumatera  Lampung 0% Sumatera Utara Selatan Maluku 0% 2% 1% 4% Sumatera Barat 1% NTT 1% Jawa Barat NTB 61% 1% Bali Banten 1% 2%

Jawa Timur Jawa Tengah 11% 4%

People Killed in 2013 Period Sulawesi Barat 0% Sulawesi Tengah 0%

Papua Maluku Jambi 0% 5% Aceh 4% 0%

Jawa Barat 39%

Sulawesi Utara 14%

Sumatera  Selatan 9% Sumatera Utara 0%

Lampung 0%

Sumatera Barat 20%

NTT NTB Bali Banten 0% 0% 0% 1%

Jawa Tengah 7% Jawa Timur 0%

11

5/30/2013

Problem Facing in Indonesia Landslide hazard map already published and socialized to public concerning geological disaster management, and mitigation effort already done in Indonesia. Unfortunately if the lost of human victims still occurs in Indonesia, casualties are remain high. This condition can be explained as follow: (1) Settlements and public activity still growing in medium – high susceptibility area to landslide. (2) Landslide Susceptibility Map and Early Warning System not optimally used as a database for land use planning and regional development based on geological hazard threat. (3) Early education in school concerning the geological hazard as a part hazard management, formally not yet included in the curriculum. Activities Undertaken Collecting data of monthly rain intensity prediction from Geophysic and Meteorological Agency, Analysis Landslide Prediction Map based on Overlay between Landslide Susceptibility Map and monthly rain intensity prediction, continues monitoring of landslide, Landslide Susceptibility Maping at Eastern of Indonesia. Major achievements Based on our prediction 90 % landslide located on medium to high potential of landslide. Unfortunatelly local government and community or people in the landslide hazard area not responsive and awareness with the early warning system. Therefore, number of human victims and socio economics impacts caused by landslide remain high.

Landslide Hazard at Majalengka District 



The landslide occured on Monday, 15 April 2013 in Kampung (sub-village) Cigintung, Cimuncang Village, District of Malausma, Majalengka Regency, Province of West Java. Geographically located at coordinate 108 16’ 55.86” E and 7 2’ 50.79” S. Morphology around Cimuncang Village is on the foothills with a slope about 5-45. The elevation of the location is about 750-1100m asl. There are Cijurey River and other small rivers flow along the valley as the lowest part of the site.

Morphology around Cimuncang Village.

12

5/30/2013



Lithology that contains the rock formation in the hazard area, based on Geological Map of Tasikmalaya, Java (Budhitrisna et al., 1986), consists of breccia, tuff, and lava (in upper part-Qtvs) and also claystone of Kaliwangu Formation (in lower part-Tpkw). Top soil on upper slope is formed by silty clay soil with reddish brown colour and firm. In the other, top soil of lower slope is formed by silty clay soil with greyish to dark brown colour, impermeable, and soft with a thickness about 1,5 – 2 m



Based on the result of emergency response inspection on the 17th April 2013, the lanslide is causing: - 6 (six) Ha rice field ready for harvest buried. - 11 (eleven) houses severely damaged. - 99 (ninety nine) houses with minor damaged, their floors and walls were cracked. - 50 meters road collapsed. - 605 family or 1842 people evacuated Residential area in Cigintung Sub Village, actively sliding until present

•

Landslide that occurred was a kind of mass movement and creep. Mass movement occurred on the upper part of slope with 200 meters in length and 100 meters in width. The material flowed down to foot of the slope and buried 7 Ha of rice field. Slumps occurred in several locations with 5 – 510 meters in length and 30 cm to 60 meters in depth. also there was cracks 5 – 25 meters in length which were parallel with slump orientation. the cracks in gulfed the settlement area of Cigintung sub-village and caused cracks on floors and walls of the houses and subsidence of the road..

Houses condition, 17 April 2013

Houses condition, 5 May 2013

13

5/30/2013



Lithology that contains the rock formation in the hazard area, based on Geological Map of Tasikmalaya, Java (Budhitrisna et al., 1986), consists of breccia, tuff, and lava (in upper part-Qtvs) and also claystone of Kaliwangu Formation (in lower part-Tpkw). Top soil on upper slope is formed by silty clay soil with reddish brown colour and firm. In the other, top soil of lower slope is formed by silty clay soil with greyish to dark brown colour, impermeable, and soft with a thickness about 1,5 – 2 m

Geological map of the Malausma and surrounding area

the Malausma and surrounding area Susceptibility Map

14

5/30/2013

Situation map of landslide on 17 April 2013



This landslide was induced by high rainfall intensity which caused the upper part of slope steep and bare, to be unstable and fail which then buried rice field underneath.Because of its vibration, top soil that in the form of clay soil slowly moved and formed slump and cracks in soil that cross the settlement area and roadway. This slow movement will still active during rainy season. Furthermore, threat from landslide material, that can be eroded by rain, because it may fill the watershed of Cijuray River, which is laying cross the settlement area, and can trigger debris avalanche.

Cracks hit the Kp. Cigintung, damage settlements and trails path. (Left: taken on the 5th May, Right: taken on 13th May 2013)

15

5/30/2013

Photo on the 5th May 2013

Photo on the 17 April 2013

Photo on the 13th May 2013

Photo on the 13th May 2013

settlements and road conditions due to ground movement which occurred in Kp. Cigintung still active until present.

16

5/30/2013

regions that experienced greater movement as shown in the map

Situation map of landslide on 5 May 2013

Situation map of landslide on 17 April 2013

Relocation Area Location Map

17

5/30/2013

Conclusion: 

 

Landslide hazard zone at Cigintung Sub-village is not proper for living anymore for the most part of this area have been damaged and the landslide still active up now, though in a slow slide. Therefore, the settlement should be relocated to a safer place. for the relocation of landslide hazard casualties in Cigintung, Majalengka Regency appoint two locations for relocation after an investigation, and the results is as follows 1. block Cibeber, Cimuncang village located 5.5 km from the hazard site. However, the morphology of this region has a relatively steep slope, soft ground, hard to get water, into medium suceptibility for landslide zone, there is no electricity network. This area is not feasible for relocation.



2. Blok Cipicung, Werasari Village Located 9 km from the hazard site. Morphology is relatively gentle slope, solid soil/stable, groundwater can be obtained easily, artesis, or utilize existing springs at this location, electricity network is also available. This area is safe for the relocation of casualties



Houses recommendation for Landslide hazard casualties in Cigintung : 1. Building houses on the flat area 2. water arrangement so that the soil is not water saturated which can trigger landslide 3. not build farms, wetlands such as paddy or ponds near residential 4. on the top flank or areas with a slope > 15 , have to make a green belt 5. clean water can be obtained by digging wells at a depth of 7-12 m from the surface or use a spring in the location

18