Rethinking the Design of Presentation Slides

Rethinking the Design of Presentation Slides Our aim is to improve the cooling of turbine vanes downstream of the combustor Compressor Combustor Tu...
Author: Shanon Bell
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Rethinking the Design of Presentation Slides Our aim is to improve the cooling of turbine vanes downstream of the combustor

Compressor

Combustor

Turbine

Flow

Michael Alley Virginia Tech [Pratt & Whitney, 2000]

Source: Chapter 4 in The Craft of Scientific Presentations

The audience remembers more when you use well-designed slides

Hear See Hear and See 10

20

30

40

Recall (%)

50

60

For a technical presentation, you should set high goals for the presentation slides

Perfusion is the microscopic flow is thetissue microscopic flow ofPerfusion blood through Perfusion is the microscopic flow of blood through tissue of blood through tissue

Blood perfusion— Blood perfusion— Bloodnutrients perfusion— carries and waste carries nutrients and waste carries nutrients and waste regulates heat exchange regulates heat exchange heat exchange has regulates units of g/s/mL has units of g/s/mL has units of g/s/mL

Slides should help the audience during the talk

Slides should serve as notes for the audience after the talk

Slides should serve colleagues having to make the same talk

This presentation focuses on two common errors made in the design of slides PRIMARY CONCERNS FIELD JOINT - HIGHEST CONCERN •

Creating slides that no one reads •

EROSION PENETRATION OF PRIMARY SEAL REQUIRES RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL FOR PRESSURE INTEGRITY • IGNITION TRANSIENT - (0-600 MS) • (0-170 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL • (170-330 MS) REDUCED PROBABILITY OF RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL • (330-600 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY

No STEADY STATE - (600 MS - 2 MINUTES) •

t

le b da a re

IF EROSION PENETRATES PRIMARY O-RING SEAL - HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY • BENCH TESTING SHOWED O-RING NOT CAPABLE OF MAINTAINING CONTACT WITH METAL PARTS GAP OPERATING TO MEOP • BENCH TESTING SHOWED CAPABILITY TO MAINTAIN O-RING CONTACT DURING INITIAL PHASE (0 - 170 MS) OF TRANSIENT

Presentation Outline

Creating slides that no one remembers

• Introduction • Background • Pre-Combustion Methods le b a • Coal switching r o • Coal Cleaning em m • Combustion Method t • Atmospheric Fluidized Bed No • Post-Combustion Methods • Adsorption • Absorption • Conclusions • Questions?

One common error is having a slide format that dissuades the audience from reading

PRIMARY CONCERNS FIELD JOINT - HIGHEST CONCERN •



d a re

EROSION PENETRATION OF PRIMARY SEAL REQUIRES RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL FOR PRESSURE INTEGRITY • IGNITION TRANSIENT - (0-600 MS) • (0-170 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL • (170-330 MS) REDUCED PROBABILITY OF RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL • (330-600 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY

u c i f f i

o t lt

STEADY STATE - (600 MS - 2 MINUTES) • IF EROSION PENETRATES PRIMARY O-RING SEAL - HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY • BENCH TESTING SHOWED O-RING NOT CAPABLE OF MAINTAINING CONTACT WITH METAL PARTS GAP OPERATING TO MEOP • BENCH TESTING SHOWED CAPABILITY TO MAINTAIN O-RING CONTACT DURING INITIAL PHASE (0 - 170 MS) OF TRANSIENT

D

To avoid this error, you need a typography and layout that are easily read Choose legible type Sans serif type

?

SERIF TYPEFACE ?

Arial Type is to read abcdefghijklmnopqr Garamond TYPE IS TO READ abcdefghijklmnopqr

Choose a helpful layout

words words words

words words words words words

More effective than using PowerPoint’s defaults is using a sentence headline supported by images

Sentence Headline

The sentence headline succinctly states the main assertion of the slide

Body supports with images

Support in Body

Body supports with needed words

compressor combustor

turbine

Four criteria are important in evaluating a layout design for presentation slides

Fillets reduce leading edge vortices in nature and in engineering

Fillet

Fillet on dorsal fin of shark

Fillet on Seawolf submarine

Fillet

[Devenport et al., 1991]

How memorable is the design? How many slides does the design require? Does the design help the slides stand as notes? How effective is the design in an argument?

Our goal is to test a fillet design for turbine blades and vanes downstream of the combustor Combustor

[Pratt&Whitney, 2000]

The purpose of the fillet design is to reduce vortices that disrupt the film cooling of the blades and vanes

Fillets reduce leading edge vortices in nature and in engineering

Fillet

Fillet on dorsal fin of shark

Fillet on Seawolf submarine

Fillet

[Devenport et al., 1991]

Use a headline that succinctly states the purpose or assertion of the slide A strong headline— identifies the slide’s purpose for the audience

identifies the slide’s purpose for the speaker

Downstream of the combustor simulator is a section to test turbine vanes Combustor Simulator Turbine Vanes

Computations show that the fillet prevents the Results leading edge vortex and delays the passage vortex Tinf– Taw Tinf– Tslot 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Passage vortex

0 -0.1 Leading edge vortex

-0.2 -0.3

Without Fillet

-0.4 -0.5

With Fillet

The body of a slide should support the headline with images and words Supports with images

Supports with necessary words clear familiar concise

Measurements show that the fillet prevents formation of the leading edge vortex 0.25

0.25 0.20

0.20

0.15

0.15

z/S z/S

z/S 0.10

0.10

0.05

0.05

Leading edge vortex 00 -0.25 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05

x/C Velocity profile: vane without fillet

0

0 -0.25 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05

x/C

Velocity profile: vane with fillet

0

• Hefner developed a dynamic electro-thermal model for IGBT, from of the temperature-dependent IGBT silicon chip, packages and heat sinks. The temperaturedependent IGBT electrical model describes the instantaneous electrical behavior in terms of the instantaneous temperature of the IGBT silicon chip surface. The instantaneous power dissipated in the IGBT is calculated using the electrical model and determines the instantaneous heat rate that is applied to the surface of the silicon chip thermal model. Hefner incorporated this methodology into the SABER circuit simulator.

• Adams, Joshi and Blackburn considered thermal interactions between the heat sources, substrate, and encloses walls as affected by the thermal conductance of the walls and substrate with the intent of determining which physical effects and level of detail are necessary to accurately predict thermal behavior of discretely heated enclosures.



Chen, Wu and Borojevich are modeling of thermal and electrical behavior using several commercial softwares (I-DEAS, Maxwell, Flotherm and Saber) and 3-D, transient approaches.

Joint Force Projection Concept/Requirement -- AXXI Enabling Strategic Maneuver - (Circa 2010)

Initial Deployment Force 96 hrs Ready to Fight

X

X

Contingency Response Force [Division (-)] closes in 120 hours & Ready to Fight

STRIKE

cc

XXX

XVIII

Immediate Reinforcement Forces 120 hrs Ready to Fight

XXX

III

X

X STRIKE

ISB/FOB

Campaign Forces (3 Div+ w/Support) C + 30

Area of Operation

ISB/ FOB

Advanced Full Dimensional Operations: A Continuum of Early & Continuous Joint Operations CONTINGENCY RESPONSE OPERATIONS Missions: •Strategic preclusion •Prevent “set” / Seize initiative •Shape conditions for Decisive Ops Deployment Requirement Milestones: C+ 96 hrs

EXTENDED OPERATIONS Missions: •Sustained, decisive ground operations •Conflict Termination on US dictated terms

C+ 120 hrs

Initial Deployment Contingency Response Immediate Reinforcement Force (Air)-- Ready to Fight in 120 hours Force (Air)--Ready to fight in 96 hours • Armor/Mech Brigade TF w/support & •minus) Two Brigade Task Force (Division Strike Force • Mission tailored • Mission tailored • Subordinate to JTF • “Plugs” into Initial Deployment Force HQs • “In-stride” coordination & team building • Joint Force support

C+30 days

C+60 days

Campaign Forces: Corps w/ 3 Divisions (+) (Sea/Air)--Ready to fight by C + 30 • Mech/Armor/Inf Division mix • Capable of conducting sustained, decisive operations as part of Joint Force •Follow-on Forces (E - Bdes & an additional divisions as required)

A second common error is showing slides that the audience reads, but does not remember

Presentation Outline • Introduction • Background • Pre-Combustion Methods –coal switching

e l b a r o em

–coal cleaning •Combustion Method –atmospheric fluidized bed • Post-Combustion Methods –adsorption

m t o

N

–absorption •Conclusions • Questions?

To make slides memorable, you have to consider what to include and what to exclude Three This presentation classes of methods comparesexist several formethods reducing emissions of of sulfur for reducing emissions sulfurdioxide dioxide What to include

pre-combustion methods

combustion methods

What to exclude post-combustion methods

Slides should include key results and images

Results

Images

Specific Work

100 9

7

5

Temperature Ratio

10 3

1

Pressure Ratio

Slot

Slides should also include signals for the presentation’s organization Three classes of methods exist for reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide

Methods to Reduce Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Coal-Fueled Utilities

g n i p p Ma pre-combustion methods

Beginning

le t i T

combustion methods

Cynthia Schmidt Mechanical Engineering Department University of Texas

post-combustion methods

The most effective combustion method is an atmospheric fluidized bed

Coal switching and coal cleaning are two pre-combustion methods

Middle

Coal Switching High Sulfur Mine

cleaned exhaust

1 e l d id

Coal Cleaning

Low capital cost—can use in existing equipment

Low S ulfur Mine

M

High operating cost Ability to use different grades of coal

grid air inlet

By using these methods, coal utilities can greatly reduce SO2 emissions

n o i s u l c n Co

coal cleaning

Ending

2 e l dd i M

90% removal capability

separator

40% 40%

coal switching

80%

fluidized bed

90%

95%

absorption

80%

adsorption

25

50

75

Percentage Reduction of SO2

Computational Analysis of the Aerodynamic Energy Required of Morphing Wings

Greg Pettit, Harry Robertshaw, and Daniel J. Inman Center for Intelligent Materials, Systems and Structures Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620-99-1-0294)

CIMSS

Computational Analysis of the Aerodynamic Energy Required of Morphing Wings

Greg Pettit, Harry Robertshaw, and Daniel J. Inman Center for Intelligent Materials, Systems and Structures Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620-99-1-0294) CIMSS

This presentation evaluates composite materials for the bipolar plates of fuel cells Role of bipolar plates in fuel cells

Comparison of bipolar plate materials

Evaluation of bipolar plate performance

The experimental setup included a Kapton torus and several sensor/actuator combinations

CIMSS

Torus: 1.8 m ring diameter, 0.15 m tube diameter, and 46μm thick (aspect ratio = 0.08)

4

In summary, the phantom for blood perfusion has many useful applications

The phantom can— produce reasonable and reproducible perfusion allow for simple and inexpensive construction be modified for future experiments

Questions?

Questions?

Review of Test Data Indicates Conservatism for Penetration • The existing SOFI on tile test data used to create Crater was reviewed along with STS-87 Southwest Research data – Crater overpredicted penetration of tile coating significantly • Initial penetration to described by normal velocity – Varies with volume/mass of projectile (e.g. 200ft/sec for 3cu.in)

• Significant energy is required for the softer SOFI particle to penetrate the relatively hard tile coating – Test results do show that it is possible at sufficient mass and velocity

• Conversely, once tile is penetrated SOFI can cause significant damage

– Flight condition is significantly outside of test database • Volume of ramp is 1920cu in vs 3 cu in for test

2/21/’03

6

Force Structure--Why Change? Because we have too much to throughput

1 Vehicle every 39 Seconds for 180 days

1 Vehicle every 4 seconds in peak period

In summary, the slide design given here is much stronger than PowerPoint’s default design Fillets reduce leading edge vortices in nature and in engineering

Fillet

Fillet on dorsal fin of shark

Fillet on Seawolf submarine

The design is more memorable for audience The design requires fewer slides (thus better pacing)

Fillet

[Devenport et al., 1991]

The design produces notes that stand alone The design creates a more compelling argument

Free Templates: http://writing.eng.vt.edu/slides.html

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