LR0019A-V35M LR0019A-V35F LR0019A-V24 LR0019A-530 LR0019A-X21M

FEBRUARY 2001 LR0019A-X21F LR0019A-4U LR0019A-MMST LR0019A-SMST LR0019A-SMSC

Remote Mini Router

CUSTOMER SUPPORT INFORMATION

Order toll-free in the U.S.: Call 877-877-BBOX (outside U.S. call 724-746-5500) FREE technical support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: Call 724-746-5500 or fax 724-746-0746 Mailing address: Black Box Corporation, 1000 Park Drive, Lawrence, PA 15055-1018 Web site: www.blackbox.com • E-mail: [email protected]

WARNINGS AND CONFORMANCE

LASER WARNINGS This product may be equipped with a laser diode. If it is, a laser warning symbol will be attached near the optical transmitter. Please observe the following precautions: Do not attempt to adjust the laser drive current. Do not use broken or unterminated fiberoptic cables/connectors or stare at the laser beam. The use of optical equipment with this product will increase eye hazard. Use of controls, adjustments, or performing procedures other than those specified herein, may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

SAFETY WARNING Always observe standard safety procedures during installation, operation, and maintenance of this product. Only a qualified and authorized service personnel should carry out adjustment, maintenance, or repairs to this instrument.

WARNING: NORTH AMERICAN USERS The Remote Mini Router is powered by an external power supply. To reduce the risk of electric shock, fire, and injury, use only with a UL listed and CSA Certified Class 2 power supply rated 12 VDC and 300 mA or more.

WARNING: EUROPEAN USERS To reduce the risk of electric shock, fire, and injury to persons, use only with a power supply that complies with EN 60950.

TELECOMMUNICATION SAFETY The RS-530, X.21, V.24, V.35, V.36, and LAN ports on the Router operate with Safety Extra-Low Voltage (SELV) and conform to EN 41003. The 4W ports on the Router operate within the limits of SELV, on which overvoltages from telecommunications networks are possible.

CONFORMANCE EMC: EN 55022 (1994): Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment. EN 50082-1 (1992): Electromagnetic compatibility: Generic immunity standards for residential, commercial, and light industry. Safety: EN 60950 (1992/93): Safety of information technology equipment, including electrical business equipment. EMC: This product complies with the requirements of EMC Directive 89/336/EEC and the Low-Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC.

1

REMOTE MINI ROUTER FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION AND INDUSTRY CANADA RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENTS

This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause interference to radio communication. It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be necessary to correct the interference. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emission from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulation of Industry Canada. Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la classe A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique publié par Industrie Canada.

2

NOM STATEMENT NORMAS OFICIALES MEXICANAS (NOM) ELECTRICAL SAFETY STATEMENT

INSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD

1. Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser leídas antes de que el aparato eléctrico sea operado. 2. Las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser guardadas para referencia futura. 3. Todas las advertencias en el aparato eléctrico y en sus instrucciones de operación deben ser respetadas. 4. Todas las instrucciones de operación y uso deben ser seguidas. 5. El aparato eléctrico no deberá ser usado cerca del agua—por ejemplo, cerca de la tina de baño, lavabo, sótano mojado o cerca de una alberca, etc.. 6. El aparato eléctrico debe ser usado únicamente con carritos o pedestales que sean recomendados por el fabricante. 7. El aparato eléctrico debe ser montado a la pared o al techo sólo como sea recomendado por el fabricante. 8. Servicio—El usuario no debe intentar dar servicio al equipo eléctrico más allá a lo descrito en las instrucciones de operación. Todo otro servicio deberá ser referido a personal de servicio calificado. 9. El aparato eléctrico debe ser situado de tal manera que su posición no interfiera su uso. La colocación del aparato eléctrico sobre una cama, sofá, alfombra o superficie similar puede bloquea la ventilación, no se debe colocar en libreros o gabinetes que impidan el flujo de aire por los orificios de ventilación. 10. El equipo eléctrico deber ser situado fuera del alcance de fuentes de calor como radiadores, registros de calor, estufas u otros aparatos (incluyendo amplificadores) que producen calor. 11. El aparato eléctrico deberá ser connectado a una fuente de poder sólo del tipo descrito en el instructivo de operación, o como se indique en el aparato.

3

REMOTE MINI ROUTER 12. Precaución debe ser tomada de tal manera que la tierra fisica y la polarización del equipo no sea eliminada. 13. Los cables de la fuente de poder deben ser guiados de tal manera que no sean pisados ni pellizcados por objetos colocados sobre o contra ellos, poniendo particular atención a los contactos y receptáculos donde salen del aparato. 14. El equipo eléctrico debe ser limpiado únicamente de acuerdo a las recomendaciones del fabricante. 15. En caso de existir, una antena externa deberá ser localizada lejos de las lineas de energia. 16. El cable de corriente deberá ser desconectado del cuando el equipo no sea usado por un largo periodo de tiempo. 17. Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos liquidos no sean derramados sobre la cubierta u orificios de ventilación. 18. Servicio por personal calificado deberá ser provisto cuando: A: El cable de poder o el contacto ha sido dañado; u B: Objectos han caído o líquido ha sido derramado dentro del aparato; o C: El aparato ha sido expuesto a la lluvia; o D: El aparato parece no operar normalmente o muestra un cambio en su desempeño; o E: El aparato ha sido tirado o su cubierta ha sido dañada.

4

TRADEMARKS TRADEMARKS USED IN THIS MANUAL AppleTalk is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. IPX is a trademark of Novell Incorporated. UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. VT100 is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Any other trademarks mentioned in this manual are acknowledged to be the property of the trademark owners.

5

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

Contents Chapter

Page

Quick Start Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.2 Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.3 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3. Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.1 How to Start Configuring the Remote Mini Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2 Default IP Configuration and IP Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2.1 Default IP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2.2 IP Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.3 Using the Quick Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.4 Menus and Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.4.1 The Main Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.4.2 Quick Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.4.3 Management Access Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4.4 Advanced Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.4.5 Device Control Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4.6 View Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4.7 Diagnostic Tools Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4. Quick Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.1 LAN IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.2 LAN IP Mask. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4.3 WAN IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.4 WAN IP Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4.5 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4.6 Read Protocol from DIP Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4.7 Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5. Management Access Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.1 Telnet Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.2 Telnet Inactivity Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.3 SNMP Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.4 SNMP Management Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

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CONTENTS Chapter

Page

6. Advanced Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.1 Device Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.1.1 Device Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.1.2 Contact Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.1.3 System Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.2 Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.2.1 LAN Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.2.2 WAN Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.2.3 WAN Throttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.2.4 Aging Timeout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 6.3 Protocol Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 6.3.1 Self Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6.3.2 Maintenance Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6.3.3 DLCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6.3.4 CIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 6.3.5 EIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 6.4 Multicast IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 6.4.1 Multicast Forwarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 6.4.2 Static Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 7. Device Control Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 7.1 New Software Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 7.1.1 Server IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 7.1.2 File Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 7.1.3 Total Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 7.2 View Error Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 7.3 Resets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 7.3.1 Reset Device to Restart the Remote Mini Router . . . . . . . . . . . 47 7.3.2 Reset LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 7.3.3 Reset WAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 8. View Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 8.1 Configuration and Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 8.2 ARP Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 8.3 Multicast Groups Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 8.4 Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 9. Diagnostics Tools Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

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REMOTE MINI ROUTER Chapter

Page

Appendix A: Interface Specifications and Cable Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Appendix B: BOOT Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 B.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 B.2 Accessing BOOT Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 B.3 BOOT Manager Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 B.3.1 Erase Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 B.3.2 Erase All Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 B.3.3 Download New Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Appendix C: Optical and 4-Wire Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 C.1 Switch Settings (4-Wire) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 C.2 4-Wire Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 C.3 Optical Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Appendix D: Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

8

QUICK START GUIDE

Quick Start Guide This quick start guide is intended for users already familiar with the Remote Mini Router or who have a good understanding of data communication principles and Frame Relay devices.

Configuration Instructions CONNECTING THE INTERFACES 1. Connect the WAN interface. 2. Connect the LAN interface. All LEDs light for 12 to 15 seconds.

NOTE For V.35, V.24/RS-232, or V.11 (V.36/RS-422, RS-530 or X.21) interfaces, the Remote Mini Router acts as DTE. Therefore, a second device acting as a DCE is required.

CONNECTING THE POWER If you are using a 10BASE-T (UTP) connector for the LAN connection, power up Remote Mini Router via an external power supply. For a 10BASE5 (AUI) LAN connector, no external power supply is required.

CAUTION To avoid malfunctioning due to electrostatic discharge phenomena, we recommend using a power supply with its negative output connected to protective earth.

9

REMOTE MINI ROUTER LED INDICATORS Once the WAN and LAN interfaces are connected, these indicator conditions exist: • If all LEDs do not light within 3 to 5 seconds, see table below.

LED

Indication

WAN

Blinks once per Flash software second is corrupted Does not blink Hardware failure once per second

WAN

Possible Cause

Corrective Measures Download new software (see Appendix B) Call Technical Support

• If LEDs light, see the table below after 12 to 15 seconds.

LED

Indication

Result

Action

WAN and ERR

Blinking alternately three times per second

Router has the default IP address 192.168.205.1

Configure a PC with the IP address 192.168.205.2

NOTE When in this mode, the Remote Mini Router is used for further configuration only (see below). To start normal operation, you must change the LAN IP address.

10

LED

Indication

Result

Action

WAN and and ERR

Do not light

Router has an IP address

Configure a PC with an appropriate IP address

QUICK START GUIDE CONFIGURING THE REMOTE MINI ROUTER The Remote Mini Router is now ready for plug-and-play configuration. For manual configuration, use Telnet with a VT100™ emulation. In plug-and-play configuration, two situations are defined: • IP address does not need to be changed • IP address needs to be changed IP address does not need to be changed 1. If the WAN interface is 4-wire, set the LONG switch to the appropriate position depending on distance (see Appendix C for details). 2. If the WAN interface is V.35, V.24, V.11, or fiber optic, see the table below.

PPP Encapsulation (in opposite device) Configured Not Configured

Frame Relay cloud with maintenance protocol Connected Not connected

Action Set the PPP switch to ON. Set the PPP switch to OFF. Configure advanced PPP parameters via Telnet.

IP address needs to be changed 1. Set the IP LEARN switch to ON. WAN and ERR LEDs blink simultaneously four times per second. 2. Send a ping from the PC to a desired IP address. The PC begins to receive ping reply after three unsuccessful attempts. The WAN and ERR LEDs’ blinking changes to two times per second. If the PC does not begin to receive a ping reply after three unsuccessful attempts, test the Remote Mini Router’s LAN connection. (The LAN LED must be permanently green and blinking yellow according to LAN traffic.)

NOTE Be sure the ARP entry for this address is clean. To test ARP table, in Windows 95, 98, or Windows NT, use the arp -a command at the DOS prompt. To clean ARP entry, use the arp -d command.

3. Set the IP LEARN switch to OFF. 4. Perform steps 1 and 2 described above the table on this page.

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REMOTE MINI ROUTER

1. Specifications Router LAN IP Net: Up to 256 hosts on LAN IP net Filtering and Forwarding: 30 fps/35 fps Buffer: 256 frames (maximum size 1534 bytes) Delay: 1 frame

LAN Standard: Conforms to IEEE 802.3/Ethernet Data Rate: 10 Mbps (20 Mbps 10BASE-T in full-duplex topology) Connectors: 10BASE5 (AUI): DB15 male; 10BASE-T (UTP): Shielded RJ-45

WAN Protocols: PPP (PAP/CHAP), Frame Relay (RFC 1490), HDLC Data Rate: Up to 10 Mbps synchronous Connectors: V.24/RS-232 with DB25 female; V.35 with 34-pin* connector; V.36/RS-422 with DB37*; RS-530 with DB25 female; X.21 with DB15*; 4-wire with 5-pin terminal block; ST single-mode or multimode connector; FC singlemode or multimode connector, SC laser connector *male or female connector on adapter cable

Optical and 4-Wire Interface Optical Typical Output Power: LED: -18 dBm into 62.5/125-µ fiber multimode; -18 dBm into 9/125-µ fiber single-mode Receiver Sensitivity: -32.5 dBm for multimode or single-mode Wavelength: 850 nm multimode; 1300 nm single-mode Dynamic Range: 20.5 dB minimum

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CHAPTER 1: Specifications Fiber Optic Connector: ST, FC, SC Operating Range (Optical Interface): (depending on fiber specifications) • Approximately 3 km/1.9 miles over multimode • Approximately 20 km/12.4 miles over single-mode LED • Approximately 36 km/22.4 miles over single-mode laser Operating Range (4-Wire Interface): 10 Mbps

Cat. 3 UTP Screened UTP (Cat. 3) Level 5 UTP IBM Type 1

400 m (1312.3 ft.) 500 m (1640.4 ft.) 500 m (1640.4 ft.) 750 m 92460.6 ft.)

5 Mbps

Cat. 3 UTP Screened UTP (Cat. 3) Level 5 UTP IBM Type 1 Telephone Cable

600 m (1968.5 ft.) 650 m (2132.5 ft.) 650 m (2132.5 ft.) 1300 m (4264.1 ft.) Nominally 150 m (492.1 ft.)

General Temperature Tolerance: 32 to 122°F (0 to 50°C) Humidity: Up to 90%, noncondensing Current Consumption: 0.2 amps @ 12 VDC Power: From AUI interface or external 12 VDC/0.8 amp regulated adapter Size: 0.7"H x 2.1"W x 2.7"D (1.8 x 5.3 x 6.9 cm) Weight: 1 oz. (28.4 g)

13

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

2. Introduction The Remote Mini Router is a high-performance, miniature IP router. It is based on a unique IP router chip, the ChipRouter, so it operates with minimal software. Its small size and low cost make it ideal for cost-sensitive routing applications. It requires only one software parameter to be configured, making it a plug-and-play device.

2.1 Description The Remote Mini Router works by taking each Ethernet frame from the LAN and determining whether the IP packet is destined for the IP net on the Ethernet LAN. If not, the Remote Mini Router forwards the packet to the WAN link. IP packets received from the WAN are automatically forwarded to the LAN if the IP net matches. The Remote Mini Router includes hardware filters that handle all filtering operations at wire speed from both LAN-to-WAN and WAN-to-LAN, without dropping a single packet. Filtering and forwarding are performed at the maximum rate of 35,000 and 30,000 frames per second (wire speed), respectively. The buffer can hold 256 frames of maximum size of 1534 bytes and a throughput latency of one frame. The Remote Mini Router is available with 10BASE5 (AUI) or 10BASE-T (UTP) interfaces and is fully IEEE 802.3/Ethernet v2 compliant. The 10BASE-T interface can also operate in full-duplex Ethernet applications. A choice of WAN interfaces is available, including V.24, V.35, V.36, X.21, RS-530, or a built-in fiber optic or 4-wire modem. Choose from the following models: • Remote Mini Router 10BASE-T and V.35 interface with male V.35 cable (LR0019A-V35M) • Remote Mini Router 10BASE-T and V.35 interface with female V.35 cable (LR0019A-V35F) • Remote Mini Router 10BASE-T and V.24 interface (LR0019A-V24) • Remote Mini Router 10BASE-T and RS-530 interface (LR0019A-530) • Remote Mini Router 10BASE-T and X.21 interface with male X.21 cable (LR0019A-X21M)

14

CHAPTER 2: Introduction • Remote Mini Router 10BASE-T and X.21 interface with female X.21 cable (LR0019A-X21F) • Remote Mini Router 10BASE-T and 4-wire interface (LR0019A-4U) • Remote Mini Router 10BASE-T and 850-nm ST multimode fiber interface (LR0019A-MMST) • Remote Mini Router 10BASE-T and 1300-nm ST single-mode fiber interface (LR0019A-SMST) • Remote Mini Router 10BASE-T and 1300-nm SC single-mode fiber interface (LR0019A-SMSC) For electrical WAN interfaces, the Remote Mini Router acts as a DTE device to the WAN. Variable link speeds up to 10 Mbps are supported transparently. The link speed may be adjusted “on-the-fly” without any effect on the Remote Mini Router. In addition, the Remote Mini Router provides hardware-based traffic throughput control at rates of 64 kbps, 128 kbps, 512 kbps, 1 Mbps, or 10 Mbps. You can use the Remote Mini Router as a Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD) with an integral IP router. RFC 1490 is supported for a single DLCI on the WAN link. Discovery of the DLCI and the maintenance protocol is performed automatically. This allows the Remote Mini Router to be used as the termination unit of IP services over Frame Relay at the customer premises, opposite a Frame Relay switch in the backbone. Alternatively, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) can be run on the WAN link with automatic negotiation on power-up, as well as support for PAP and CHAP authentication. With this feature, the Remote Mini Router can operate opposite any PPP-compliant access server or backbone router. The Remote Mini Router supports HDLC, which is especially important for broadcast and multicast applications where bandwidth overhead is critical. The Remote Mini Router supports IP multicast at wire speed, making it suitable for any multicast environment including high-speed downstream environments, such as satellite and xDSL. Users on the LAN can register with the Remote Mini Router for an IP multicast group using the IGMP protocol filter IP multicast packets at wire-speed. Management and advanced configuration is achieved using Telnet and the SNMP agent provided on the Remote Mini Router.

15

REMOTE MINI ROUTER 2.2 Features • High-performance IP router. • Based on a unique ChipRouter. • Hardware-based operation. • Single-parameter configuration. • Fully compatible with IEEE 802.3/Ethernet V.2. • 10BASE-T or AUI LAN interfaces. • Supports full and half-duplex Ethernet applications. • Link interfaces: V.24, V.35, V.36, RS-530, X.21; internal fiber optic modem; internal 4-wire modem. • WAN link rate up to 10 Mbps sync. • Frame Relay (RFC 1490); PPP and HDLC support. • Throttling (shaping) of traffic throughput. • 35,000 fps forwarding; 30,000 fps filtering.

16

CHAPTER 2: Introduction 2.3 Applications The following three figures illustrate application options for the Remote Mini Router. • In the application shown in Figure 2-1, the Remote Mini Router acts as an IP service termination unit at the customer’s premises. Backbone Router

Backbone

Frame Relay Switch

Frame Relay

CSU/ DSU

CSU/ DSU

Remote Mini Router

Remote Mini Router

Customer Premises

Customer Premises

Figure 2-1. The Remote Mini Router as an IP service termination unit.

17

REMOTE MINI ROUTER • In Figure 2-2, the Remote Mini Router is shown in a high-speed broadcast application.

MPEG Receiver

Router MPEG Receiver

Remote Mini Router TV

UNIX Server

Remote Mini Router TV

Figure 2-2. The Remote Mini Router as a high-speed IP broadcast filter.

18

CHAPTER 2: Introduction • In the application shown in Figure 2-3, the Remote Mini Router is shown as an Ethernet/IP extension over 4-wire or fiber optic in the campus environment.

4-Wire ≤1300 m

Remote Mini Router4-wire/ fiber optic

Fiber Optic ≤36 km

Remote Mini Router4-wire/ fiber optic

Figure 2-3. The Remote Mini Router in a 4-wire or fiber optic application.

19

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

3. Configuration 3.1 How to Start Configuring the Remote Mini Router 1. Prepare a PC or any other device that has all of the following: • An Ethernet connection properly operating and configured. • An IP stack properly operating and configured. • A ping utility. • Telnet client software. 2. Connect the Remote Mini Router to the Ethernet network of the PC.

NOTE For Windows 95, 98, or Windows NT, use fixed sys font for proper display.

3.2 Default IP Configuration and IP Learn 3.2.1 DEFAULT IP CONFIGURATION Each Remote Mini Router is assigned a default IP address (192.168.205.1 ) and mask (255.255.255.252). When in this mode, the WAN and ERR LEDs of the Remote Mini Router flash sequentially approximately three times a second. A connection to the Remote Mini Router is made using Telnet from a PC with the IP address of 192.168.205.2. Once a connection is established, configuration can be performed through the menus described in the following chapters.

NOTE Once the Remote Mini Router’s IP address is changed and saved, connection to Telnet is lost and the PC should be reconfigured to the appropriate IP address. In addition, the LED stops flashing.

20

CHAPTER 3: Configuration 3.2.2 IP LEARN The Remote Mini Router is equipped with an IP learn feature. This feature enables the Remote Mini Router to learn its IP address. To use this feature: 1. Turn the Router’s IP learn switch to the ON position. The WAN and ERR LEDs start flashing simultaneously approximately four times a second. 2. Send a ping to the new address that needs to be loaded to the Remote Mini Router. A confirmation should be received after the third ping, and the flashing will change to approximately two times a second. 3. Turn the IP learn switch to the OFF position. 4. Using Telnet, configure the Remote Mini Router via the menus as described in Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7.

NOTE The frame that the Remote Mini Router learns its IP from is actually an ARP (not the ping itself). Be sure your PC (or other device) that sends the ping generates an ARP frame for each ping sent. To test the ARP table in Windows 95, 98, or Windows NT, use the “arp -a” command. To remove an unnecessary entry, use the “arp -d” command.

3.3 Using the Quick Setup Menu The Quick Setup menu is used to define the basic parameters for your Remote Mini Router. The Quick Setup menu allows you to adjust setup and link configuration parameters while the Remote Mini Router operates. For a complete description of the Quick Setup menu, refer to Chapter 4.

3.4 Menus and Screens This section provides a brief description of the available Remote Mini Router menus and screens. The principles of operation in the different menus and screens are as follows: • To change some of the parameters or to select menu options, enter the corresponding line number. • The parameter options are enclosed in brackets [ ]. To view the options, toggle with the space bar and press ENTER. • To enter new information, type in the new parameters and press ENTER.

21

REMOTE MINI ROUTER After all required parameters have been accepted or changed, a confirmation message will request that you confirm all the setup changes. 3.4.1 THE MAIN MENU The Main menu has six options. To choose an option, type the number preceding the option.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

1. Quick Setup 2. Management Access 3. Advanced Setup 4. Device Control 5. View 6. Diagnostic Tool (PING terminal) Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 3-1. The Main menu.

NOTE Exiting the Main menu (selecting ESC) will end the Telnet session.

22

CHAPTER 3: Configuration 3.4.2 QUICK SETUP MENU The Quick Setup menu allows you to adjust LAN and link main configuration parameters while the Remote Mini Router is operating.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup =================================================== 1. LAN IP Address :192.168.100.001 2. LAN IP Mask :255.255.255.000 3. WAN IP Address :........................... 4. WAN IP Mask :........................... 5. Default Gateway (0 - Default Link) :........................... 6. Read Protocol From DIP Switches :[Yes] 7. Protocol :[Frame Relay] Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 3-2. Quick Setup menu.

23

REMOTE MINI ROUTER 3.4.3 MANAGEMENT ACCESS MENU Use the options in the Management Access menu to control Remote Mini Router management by unauthorized users.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access =================================================== 1. Telnet Password :...................... 2. Telnet Activity Timeout :300.. 3. SNMP Access :[Enabled] 4. SNMP Read Community :public.... 5. SNMP Write Community :public.... 6. SNMP Trap Community :public.... 7. SNMP Management Table :>>> Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 3-3. Management Access menu. 3.4.4 ADVANCED SETUP MENU Using Advanced Setup, you can change parameters and perform advanced configuration operations not available through the Quick Setup menu.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup =================================================== 1. Device identification 2. Interface Parameters 3. Protocol Parameters 4. Multicast IP

Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 3-4. Advanced Setup menu. 24

CHAPTER 3: Configuration 3.4.5 DEVICE CONTROL MENU Use this option to download the software and perform reset operations.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup Device Control =================================================== 1. New Software Download 2. View error LOG 3. Resets Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 3-5. Device Control menu. 3.4.6 VIEW MENU Use the options in the View menu to view configuration screens and information on interface connections, routing tables, and statistics.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup Device Control View =================================================== 1. Configuration and Connection 2. ARP Tables 3. Multicast Groups Table 4. Statistics Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 3-6. View menu.

25

REMOTE MINI ROUTER 3.4.7 DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS MENU Use the Diagnostic Tools menu to verify WAN and LAN connectivity. The ping feature allows you to ping another user on the LAN or WAN. If the remote user replies, WAN connectivity is confirmed up to and including the IP level.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup Device Control View Diagnostic Tools (PING terminal) =================================================== 1. Ping IP Address :192.168.100.011 2. Start Pinging :>>> 3. Stop Pinging :>>> Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 3-7. Diagnostic Tools menu.

26

CHAPTER 4: Quick Setup Menu

4. Quick Setup Menu The Quick Setup menu allows you to enter the minimum number of parameters needed to operate your Remote Mini Router. For more extensive control of your Remote Mini Router, refer to Chapters 5 and 6. To access the Quick Setup menu, in the Main Menu, press 1. The following screen appears:

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup =================================================== 1. LAN IP Address :192.168.100.001 2. LAN IP Mask :255.255.255.000 3. WAN IP Address :........................... 4. WAN IP Mask :........................... 5. Default Gateway (0 - Default Link) :........................... 6. Read Protocol From DIP Switches :[Yes] 7. Protocol :[Frame Relay] Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 4-1. Quick Setup menu. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the Quick Setup menu.

4.1 LAN IP Address Select this parameter to enter the IP address for the LAN interface. Every device on a TCP/IP network must have an address to identify it. The IP address is a value consisting of the network address and the host address on that network. The value assigned to a network depends on the number of computers on that network. The IP address is a 32-bit number. The number is made up of four parts, with each part consisting of 3 digits. One part of the address identifies the network and another part of the address identifies the host. The numbers in the address that identify the host depend on the class.

27

REMOTE MINI ROUTER There are 5 classes of IP addresses. Each class represents a network having a certain number of computers. For example, a Class C address is given to a network having between 1 and 255 computers. Table 4-1 gives the ranges for different classes of IP addresses.

Table 4-1. IP Classes.

Class

Range

A B C D E

0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 240.0.0.0 to 247.255.255.255

The numbers in each part of the code are translated into binary. The binary code identifies the network and the host. IP addresses are assigned by the Internet Network Information Center (InterNlC). InterNlC assigns the network ID. Host IDs are assigned by the network administrator.

4.2 LAN IP Mask Select this parameter to enter the IP mask. For example, the IP mask is usually 225.225.225.0. A mask like this would allow 254 hosts on the LAN. If you want to create a subnet that allows 6 users, including Remote Mini Router, configure the mask as 225.225.225.248 on Remote Mini Router and each host that is included on the subnet. Refer to Figure 4-2.

NOTE Remote Mini Router LAN interface accepts class C and its subnets only.

28

CHAPTER 4: Quick Setup Menu

LAN IP Address 192.168.1.1

Remote Mini Router

Mask 255.255.255.248

IP Address Mask Default Gateway

192.168.1.2 255.255.255.248 192.168.1.1

.3 .248 192.168.1.1

.4 .248 192.168.1.1

.5 .248 192.168.1.1

.6 .248 192.168.1.1

Figure 4-2. Setting up the IP mask.

4.3 WAN IP Address Select this parameter to enter the IP address for the WAN interface (see Figure 4-3).

WAN

WAN IP Address Remote Mini Router LAN IP Address

LAN

Figure 4-3. Setting a WAN IP address. 29

REMOTE MINI ROUTER Leaving the WAN IP Address parameter blank sets the Remote Mini Router to Unnumbered Router Mode. Entering a WAN IP Address sets Remote Mini Router to Numbered Router Mode.

4.4 WAN IP Mask Select this parameter to enter the IP mask for the WAN interface (for example, 225.225.225.0).

4.5 Default Gateway The default gateway is the address to which frames are sent if no other address is defined in the routing table (see Figure 4-4).

Remote Mini Router

LAN interface IP address should be Default Gateway for all stations on LAN

Internet Central Access Router

Figure 4-4. Default Gateway. The Remote Mini Router’s default gateway can be an IP address or a WAN interface. If you choose to use an IP address, enter the address of another router on the LAN that will deliver the frames. If you choose to use a WAN interface, the connection to the router is point-topoint. The default gateway field is left blank.

30

CHAPTER 4: Quick Setup Menu

NOTE It is very important to obtain the correct parameters from the system administrator or ISP. The most common problem when establishing an IP connection is incorrect configuration of the IP parameters and default gateway. Do not try to guess these parameters.

4.6 Read Protocol from DIP Switches Selecting YES in this parameter forces the Remote Mini Router to configure the protocol as selected by DIP-switch 3’s setting. Selecting NO assigns the protocol according to the setting in Protocol (parameter 7 in the Quick Setup menu).

4.7 Protocol Select this parameter to set the protocol that the Remote Mini Router works with. This parameter is available only if the “Read Protocol from DIP Switches” parameter is set to NO.

31

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

5. Management Access Menu The Management Access menu allows you to control access to the Remote Mini Router. The Remote Mini Router is protected against unauthorized access by disabling access via SNMP and setting a Telnet password. To access the Management Access menu, in the Main menu, press 2. The following screen appears:

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access =================================================== 1. Telnet Password :...................... 2. Telnet Activity Timeout :300.. 3. SNMP Access :[Enabled] 4. SNMP Read Community :public.... 5. SNMP Write Community :public.... 6. SNMP Trap Community :public.... 7. SNMP Management Table :>>> Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 5-1. Management Access screen. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the Management Access menu.

5.1 Telnet Password By default, access to the Remote Mini Router via Telnet is unrestricted. To restrict this access, enter a Telnet password by selecting 1 in the Management Access menu. The next time a Telnet session is opened, a password must be entered in order to access Remote Mini Router menus. Only one Telnet connection to Remote Mini Router is permitted. An attempt to open another simultaneous connection will be rejected.

32

CHAPTER 5: Management Access Menu 5.2 Telnet Inactivity Timeout Telnet inactivity timeout is defined as the time a Telnet connection is kept open in case of keyboard inactivity. When timeout is reached the Telnet session is closed and another user can access the Remote Mini Router.

5.3 SNMP Access By default, access to the Remote Mini Router via SNMP is disabled. Blocking SNMP access prevents changes to the unit’s configuration parameters. To enable SNMP access: 1. From the Management Access menu, select option 3, SNMP access. 2. Toggle to Enabled. 3. Press ENTER. 4. Enter the read, write, and trap communities if required. Save the new setup.

33

REMOTE MINI ROUTER 5.4 SNMP Management Table Select this option to add, clear, or delete parameters from the manager table. The manager table lists the SNMP manager IP addresses to which traps will be sent, notifying you of different events that occurred (link up or down, etc.). Up to 10 IP addresses may be configured.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

SNMP Management Stations Table ---------------------------------------------IP Address 1. ........ ........ 2. ........ ........ 3. ........ ........ 4. ........ ........ 5. ........ ........ 6. ........ ........ 7. ........ ........ 8. ........ ........ 9. ........ ........ 10. ....... ........ Press “A”–add, “E”–edit, “D”–delete, “C”–clear all, “ESC”–exit:

Figure 5-2. SNMP Management table.

34

CHAPTER 6: Advanced Setup Menu

6. Advanced Setup Menu The Advanced Setup menu contains the majority of the Remote Mini Router configuration parameters. These parameters can be used to configure the Remote Mini Router in great detail. You can change these parameters and perform advanced configuration operations not available through the Quick Setup menu. To access the Advanced Menu: In the Main menu, press 3. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup =================================================== 1. Device identification 2. Interface Parameters 3. Protocol Parameters 4. Multicast IP

Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 6-1. Advanced Setup menu. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the Advanced Setup menu.

35

REMOTE MINI ROUTER 6.1 Device Identification To access the Device Identification menu, in the Advanced Setup menu press 1. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup ........................................................................................................... Device Identification =================================================== 1. Device Name :Remote Mini Router.. 2. Contact Person :Name of contact person 3. System Location :The location of this device Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 6-2. Device Identification menu. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the Device Identification menu. 6.1.1 DEVICE NAME Select this parameter to assign an arbitrary name to Remote Mini Router for identification by the system manager; for example “accounting.” The name is then displayed in the screen header. 6.1.2 CONTACT PERSON Select this parameter to enter the name of the person to be contacted with matter pertaining to the system; for example, “John Doe.” 6.1.3 SYSTEM LOCATION Select this parameter to enter the physical location of the device; for example “Building 3 Floor 4.”

36

CHAPTER 6: Advanced Setup Menu 6.2 Interface Parameters To access the Interface Parameters menu, in the Advanced Setup menu press 2. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup ........................................................................................................... Device Identification Interface Parameters =================================================== 1. LAN Status :[Open] 2. WAN Status :[Open] 3. WAN Throttle :[Full] 4. Aging Timeout (min) :[5. Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 6-3. Interface Parameters menu. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the Interface Parameters menu. 6.2.1 LAN STATUS Select this parameter to specify whether the LAN interface is Open or Closed.

NOTE For an AUI interface, this parameter may be used to test loops by choosing the “Loop” option.

6.2.2 WAN STATUS Select this parameter to specify whether the WAN interface is Open or Closed. 6.2.3 WAN THROTTLE Select this parameter to specify whether a limit is set on the rate of the frames coming out of the Remote Mini Router. The options are 64 kbps, 128 kbps, 512 kbps, 1 Mbps, or Full (no limit).

37

REMOTE MINI ROUTER 6.2.4 AGING TIMEOUT Select this parameter to specify how long it takes the Remote Mini Router to discard stations that are inactive on the LAN. Station Aging Station aging determines the amount of time a station is allowed to be inactive before it is removed from the network. A station is inactive when no IP traffic is forwarded or received to the Remote Mini Router LAN interface. For example, in Figure 6-4, IP address 192.168.1.1 has an aging time of 120 seconds. If no frames are received from IP address 192.168.1.1 within 120 seconds, the station will be removed from the Remote Mini Router IP ARP table. IP Address 192.168.1.1

Station Aging 120 seconds

Remote Mini Router

Figure 6-4. Station aging.

6.3 Protocol Parameters To access the Protocol Parameters menu, in the Advanced Setup menu press 3. The following screen appears.

NOTES 1. The Protocol Parameters menu is different for Frame Relay and PPP. 2. No protocol parameters menu exists for the native protocol (HDLC).

38

CHAPTER 6: Advanced Setup Menu The Frame Relay Protocol Parameters menu is shown below.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup ........................................................................................................... Device Identification Interface Parameters Protocol Parameters =================================================== 1. Self Learn :[Enabled] 2. Maintenance Protocol :[ANSI T1.617 ANNEX D] 3. DLCI (0-None) :0.. 4. CIR :0....... 5. EIR :64000... Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 6-5. Frame Relay Protocol Parameters menu. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the Frame Relay Protocol Parameters menu. 6.3.1 SELF LEARN Select this parameter to specify whether the Frame Relay DLCI and maintenance protocol is learned automatically (Enabled) or manually (Disabled). 6.3.2 MAINTENANCE PROTOCOL Select this parameter if the self learn parameter is disabled in order to specify the maintenance protocol. 6.3.3 DLCI Select this parameter if the self learn parameter is disabled in order to specify the DLCI.

39

REMOTE MINI ROUTER 6.3.4 CIR Select this parameter to specify the maximum amount of data in bits which the network guarantees to transfer during the measurement interval. (The measurement interval is usually one second.) The value of this parameter is obtained from the Frame Relay provider. 6.3.5 EIR Select this parameter to specify the maximum amount of uncommitted data bits that the network will attempt to deliver during the measurement interval. The value of this parameter should be received from the Frame Relay provider. The PPP Protocol Parameters menu is shown below.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup ........................................................................................................... Device Identification Interface Parameters Protocol Parameters =================================================== 1. Header and Control Field Compression :[No] 2. Protocol Field Compression :[No] 3. Authentication Protocol :[NONE/NONE] 4. Security Host/Guest :[Guest] 5. User Name to Send :........................ 6. Password to Send :........................ 7. User Name to Accept :........................ 8. Password to Accept :........................ Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 6-6. PPP Protocol Parameters menu. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the PPP Protocol Parameters menu. Header and Control Field Compression Enables this compression type according to RFC 1661. We strongly recommend that you use this compression for troubleshooting only.

40

CHAPTER 6: Advanced Setup Menu Protocol Field Compression Enables this compression type according to RFC 1661. We strongly recommend that you use this compression for troubleshooting only. Authentication Protocol This protocol determines the authentication with which the Remote Mini Router, set as host, checks incoming connections. Security Host/Guest This option enables configuration of the Remote Mini Router as a guest unit to be authenticated by the opposite router, or as a host unit to authenticate the opposite router. User Name to Send The name that the Remote Mini Router, set as a guest, uses to identify itself. Password to Send The password that the Remote Mini Router, set as a guest, uses to identify itself. User Name to Accept The name that the Remote Mini Router, set as a host, is looking for from an incoming connection. Password to Accept The password that the Remote Mini Router, set as a host, is looking for from an incoming connection.

41

REMOTE MINI ROUTER 6.4 Multicast IP To access the Multicast IP menu in the Advanced Setup menu press 4. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup ........................................................................................................... Device Identification Interface Parameters Protocol Parameters Multicast IP =================================================== 1. Multicast forwarding :[Disabled] 2. Static groups :>>> Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 6-7. Multicast IP menu. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the Multicast IP menu. 6.4.1 MULTICAST FORWARDING Select this parameter to specify the type of the Remote Mini Router’s IP multicast frame forwarding. • Disabled: Disables multicast forwarding in both directions. • LAN to WAN: Sets forwarding of groups in the Static Multicast Groups table to be in the LAN to WAN direction. • WAN to LAN: Sets forwarding of groups in the Static Multicast Groups table to be in the WAN to LAN direction. • Bi-directional: Sets forwarding of groups in the Static Multicast Groups table to be in both directions. • WAN to LAN + IGMP: Sets forwarding of groups in the Static Multicast Groups table to be in the WAN to LAN direction. In addition, more groups can be added dynamically and can be viewed via the View menu.

42

CHAPTER 6: Advanced Setup Menu • Transparent: All frames are forwarded with no relation to the Static Multicast Groups table. 6.4.2 STATIC GROUPS Select this parameter to access the Static Multicast Groups table. To access the Static Groups menu, in the Multicast IP menu press 3. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Static Multicast Groups Table ---------------------------------------------Group IP Address 1. ........ ........ 2. ........ ........ 3. ........ ........ 4. ........ ........ 5. ........ ........ 6. ........ ........ 7. ........ ........ 8. ........ ........ 9. ........ ........ 10. ....... ........ Press “A”–add, “E”–edit, “D”–delete, “C”–clear all, “ESC”–exit:

Figure 6-8. Static Multicast Groups table.

43

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

7. Device Control Menu The Device Control menu is used to download software from TFTP servers and perform interface and device resets. To access the Device Control menu, in the Main menu press 4. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup Device Control =================================================== 1. New Software Download 2. View error LOG 3. Resets Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 7-1. Device Control screen. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the Device Control menu.

44

CHAPTER 7: Device Control Menu 7.1 New Software Download To access the New Software Download menu, in the Device Control menu press 1. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup Device Control ........................................................................................................... New Software Download =================================================== 1. Server IP Address 2. File Name 3. Total Timeout (sec) 4. Start operation Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 7-2. New Software Download menu. The Remote Mini Router operates as a TFTP client to download new software from another computer that operates as a TFTP server. A brief explanation of TFTP is given below. TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a file transfer protocol used for downloading boot code to diskless workstations (see Figure 7-3). TFTP is used in a server designated as the TFTP server. The server needs to provide concurrence to allow multiple users to boot up simultaneously. To do this, TFTP creates a UDP port for each client. By creating a UDP port, the different client input datagrams can be demultiplexed by the server’s UDP module. Demultiplexing in the module increases the server efficiency. One characteristic of TFTP is that it is not secure. There is no password or firewall associated with TFTP. Anyone with the IP address of the TFTP server can enter the server and download files. Security can be provided by creating a directory that contains only those files that you want to be downloaded. This prevents access to any other files.

45

REMOTE MINI ROUTER The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the New Software Download menu. 7.1.1 SERVER IP ADDRESS Select this parameter to enter the IP address of the TFTP server; for example 192.168.10.11. 7.1.2 FILE NAME Select this parameter to enter the name and path of the file to be transferred (for example, c:\booting\boot.exe). 7.1.3 TOTAL TIMEOUT Select this parameter to enter the amount of time Remote Mini Router should wait for an acknowledgment from the TFTP server (for example, 60 seconds).

TFTP Server IP Address: 192.168.10.11 Holds file at c:\booting\boot.exe

File Transfer Remote Mini Router

Figure 7-3. File transfer to and from TFTP server.

NOTE Upon completion of the download process, the unit performs a reset. The Telnet connection is lost; you must restart it if required.

7.2 View Error Log To access the View Error log, in the Device Control menu press 2.

46

CHAPTER 7: Device Control Menu Select this parameter to view the error log file. The file logs major errors for debug and technical support purposes.

7.3 Resets To access the Resets menu, in the Device Control menu press 3. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup Device Control ........................................................................................................... New Software Download Resets =================================================== 1. Reset Device 2. Reset LAN 3. Reset WAN Press to proceed or to abort:

Figure 7-4. Resets menu. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the Resets menu. 7.3.1 RESET DEVICE TO RESTART THE REMOTE MINI ROUTER In the Resets menu, select 1. You will be prompted to confirm the reset operation.

NOTE Resetting the device will restart the Remote Mini Router from the beginning, and the Telnet session will be lost.

7.3.2 RESET LAN To restart the LAN interface, in the Resets menu select 2. You will be prompted to confirm the reset operation.

47

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

NOTE This operation restarts the Remote Mini Router LAN controller. To keep your Telnet session, press any key within 15 seconds after confirmation.

7.3.3 RESET WAN To restart the WAN interface, in the Resets menu select 3. You will be prompted to confirm the reset operation.

NOTES 1. Resetting the WAN causes the WAN protocol to be restarted and renegotiated. 2. To keep your Telnet session, press any key within 15 seconds after confirmation.

48

CHAPTER 8: View Menu

8. View Menu This chapter provides information on using the View menu. Use the View menu to view the configuration screens and information on configuration, ARP tables, multicast groups tables and statistics. To access the View menu, in the Main menu, press 5. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup Device Control View =================================================== 1. Configuration and Connection 2. ARP Tables 3. Multicast Groups Table 4. Statistics Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 8-1. View menu. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the View menu.

8.1 Configuration and Connection Select this parameter to view the configuration parameters for the device and the interface entered through the Setup menu. In addition, current interface (LAN and WAN) connection status can be viewed. To access the Configuration and Connection menu, in the View menu press 1. The following screen appears.

49

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

VIEW CONFIGURATION ---------------------------------BOOT Version :1.06 18.03.1999 Device Name :Remote Mini Router System Location :The location of this device Contact Person :Name of contact person MAC Address :00-20-D2-16-3F-9B Default Gateway :WAN Intrf Type Baud (kbps) Prot IP Address IP Mask Status ............................................................................................................. LAN AUI WAN V.11

----------------------0

Ethr 192.168.205.005 255.255.255.000 Connected FR Not Conn.

Press any key to continue:

Figure 8-2. Configuration and Connection menu.

8.2 ARP Tables Select this parameter to display a table that shows the correlation between the IP address and the MAC address of each station on the LAN. To access the ARP Tables menu, in the View menu press 2. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

ARP Table -------------IP Address MAC Address IP Address MAC Address 192.168.205.003 00-40-33-20-C8-3C ESC–Exit ARP Table

Figure 8-3. ARP Tables menu. 50

CHAPTER 8: View Menu 8.3 Multicast Groups Table Select this parameter to display information about the group IP addresses and their status. To access the Multicast Groups Table menu, in the View menu press 3. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



Multicast Groups Table ------------------------------Group IP Address

S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Status

ESC–Exit Multicast Groups List

Figure 8-4. Multicast Groups table.

8.4 Statistics Select this parameter to display information on the traffic between the networks connected by the Remote Mini Router. The Statistics menu enables you to view network performance. The Statistics menu display is different for LAN and WAN, and each is shown on the next two pages. To access the Statistics menu, in the View menu press 4. The following screen appears.

51

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

SYSTEM STATISTICS ---------------------------------Counter Name Val LAN in Octets 83504 LAN Unicast Frames In 1 LAN Non-Unicast Frames In 9 LAN Out Octets 83504 LAN Unicast Frames Out 3560 LAN Non-Unicast Frames Out 0 LAN to WAN Frames Passed 1698 LAN IP Datagram Received 2638 LAN to CPU Frames Disc. 0 LAN to WAN Frames Disc. 0 LAN Out Errors 0 LAN RX Frames Errors 0 LAN MAC Receive Errors 0 LAN MAC TX Errors 0 N-Next Screen. R–Refresh Page.

Counter Name LAN IP Header Errors LAN IP Address Errors LAN Alignment Errors LAN CRC Errors LAN Single Collisions LAN Multiple Collisions LAN Late Collisions LAN Excessive Coll. LAN Frames Too Long LAN RX FIFO Overrun LAN SQE Transmitted LAN Deferred Frames LAN Carrier Sense Lost LAN FIFO Underrun

ESC–Back to Previous Menu. Clear the Counters of This Page.

Figure 8-5. Statistics menu, first page.

52

Val 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CHAPTER 8: View Menu

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

SYSTEM STATISTICS ---------------------------------Counter Name Val WAN in Octets 83504 WAN Out Octets 1950 WAN Out Frames 1723 WAN to LAN Fr. Transfer 1698 WAN IP Datagram Rcvd. 1723 WAN to CPU Discarded 0 WAN to LAN Discarded 0 WAN Out Errors 0 WAN CRC Errors 0 PPP Address Error 0 PPP Control Error 0 Frame Relay Fwd Cong. 0 Frame Relay Bkwd Cong. 0 N-Next Screen. R–Refresh Page.

Counter Name WAN Alignment Errors WAN Aborted Frames WAN Short Frames WAN RX FIFO Overrun WAN to CPU Frames WAN Frames Too Long WAN IP Header Errors WAN IP Address Errors

Val 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ESC–Back to Previous Menu. Clear the Counters of This Page.

Figure 8-6. Statistics menu, second page.

53

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

9. Diagnostic Tools Menu This chapter provides information on using the Remote Mini Router’s diagnostic tools. To access the Diagnostic Tools menu, in the Main menu press 6. The following screen appears.

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup Device Control View Diagnostic Tools (PING terminal) =================================================== 1. Ping IP Address :192.168.100.011 2. Start Pinging :>>> 3. Stop Pinging :>>> Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 9-1. Diagnostics Tools menu. The following paragraphs describe each parameter in the Diagnostic Tools menu.

Ping IP Address The Diagnostic Tools menu has a Ping option. The Ping option allows you to confirm IP connectivity by “pinging” (requesting) other IP hosts. If there is a reply from the remote IP host, connectivity is confirmed (see Figure 9-2).

54

CHAPTER 9: Diagnostic Tools Menu Control of Remote Mini Router ping terminal

ping reply

Router 192.168.1.5

Small-Office LAN

ping request

Figure 9-2. Pinging an IP host. To Ping another host: 1. In the Main menu, press 6. The Diagnostic Tools menu appears. 2. In the Diagnostic Tools menu, press 1. 3. Enter the Host IP address if needed. 4. Press Enter. 5. In the Diagnostic Tools menu, press 2. Ping starts and the following screen appears.

NOTE Once a ping is started, it continues to be in the background even if you exit the Diagnostic Tools menu (a “PING Running” message appears in the top upper-left corner of the screen). To stop the ping, choose option 3.

55

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

Remote Mini Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup Device Control View Diagnostic Tools (PING terminal) =================================================== 1. Ping IP Address :192.168.100.011 2. Start Pinging :>>> 3. Stop Pinging :>>> Pinging 192.168.212.001 Sent 27 Recvd 25 Lost 2 Resp. Time 60 ms Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 9-3. Pinging another host.

56

CHAPTER 9: Diagnostic Tools Menu 6. In the Diagnostic Tools menu, press 3. Ping stops and the following screen appears.

Remote MIni Router



S/W Rev. 1.00 (date)

Quick Setup Management Access Advanced Setup Device Control View Diagnostic Tools (PING terminal) =================================================== 1. Ping IP Address :192.168.100.011 2. Start Pinging :>>> 3. Stop Pinging :>>> Pinging 192.168.212.001 Sent 27 Recvd 25 Lost 2 Resp. Time 60 ms Pings stopped Press one of the numbers to select or ESC:

Figure 9-4. Stop pings screen.

57

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

Appendix A. Interface Specifications and Cable Diagrams Table A-1. Interface signal list. Signal Function

Source

Protective Ground

COMMON

V.24/ V.35*** RS-232 34-Pin DB25 1 A Frame 101

EIA-530 DB25

X.21* DB15 1

Description [FUNCTION]

Chassis ground. May be isolated from Signal Ground. Signal COMMON 7 B Signal 102 7 AB 19 SG 8Common signal Ground GND and DC power supply ground. Transmitted DTE 2 S TD(B) 103 2 BA(A) 4 SD(A) 2 Serial data Data P TD(A) 103 14 BA(B) 22 SD(B) 9 output from the Router. The data transitions occur on the rising edge of the clock. Received DCE 3 R RD(A) 104 3 BB(A) 6 RD(A) 4 Serial data Data T RD(B) 104 16 BB(B) 24 RD(B) 11 input to the Router. The data transitions occur on the rising edge of the clock. Request to DTE 4 C RTS 105 4 CA(A) 7 RS(A) 3 ON from the Send 19 CA(B) 25 RD(B) 10 unit upon completion of self-test. Clear to DCE 5 D CTS 106 5 CB(A) 9 CS(A) Router Send 13 CB(B) 27 CS(B) expects CTS ON. Data Set DCE 6 E DSR 107 6 CC(A) 11 DM(A) Not used. Ready 22 CC(B) 29 DM(B) Data DTE 20 H DTR 108 20 CD(A) 12 TR(A) ON when Set 23 CD(A) 30 TR(B) Router is Ready ready to transmit or receive data. Carrier DCE 8 F DCD 109 8 CF(A) 13 RR(A) 5 Unit expects Detect 10 CF(B) 31 RR(B( 12 DCD ON. Transmit DCE 15 Y SCT(A) 114 15 DB(A) 5 ST(A) 6 Router Clock A SCT(B) 114 12 DB(B) 23 ST(B) 13 requires clock for synchronization (in synchronous mode). Receive DCE 17 X SCR(B) 115 17 DD(A) 8 RT(A) Router Clock V SCR(A) 115 9 DD(B) 26 RT(B) requires clock for synchronization (in synchronous mode) *The X.21 connection is made by an RS-530 to X.21 conversion cable supplied with the RS-530 model. **The V.36/RS-449 connection is made by an RS-530 to V.36 conversion cable supplied with this model. ***The V.35 connection is made via an adapter cable (DB25 connector to V.35-34-pin connector).

58

1

V.36/ RS449** DB37 1

APPENDIX A: Interface Specifications and Cable Diagrams X.21/15-pin

RS-530

1 Shield

Shield 1

8 Signal GND

Signal GND 7 RTS-a 4

3 C-a

RTS-b 19

10 C-b

CTS-a 5 CTS-b 13 5 I-a

DCD-a 8

12 1-b

DCD-b 10 TC-a 15

6 S-a

TC-b 12

13 S-b

RC-a 17 RC-b 9 TD-a 2

2 T-a

TD-b 14

9 T-b

RD-a 3

4 R-a

RD-b 16

11 R-b

Figure A-1. Cable supplied for X.21 interface.

59

REMOTE MINI ROUTER RS-530 Shield TD a TD-b RD-a RD-b RTS-a RTS-b CTS-a CTS-b DSR-a DSR-b DTR-a DTR-b Sig. GND DCD-a DCD-b TC-a TC-b RC-a RC-b LL RL EXT-CK-a EXT-CK-b TM

RS-449/V.36-37-pin 1----------------------------1 Shield 2----------------------------4 SD-a 14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 SD-b 3----------------------------6 RD-a 16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24 RD-b 4----------------------------7 RS-a 19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25 RS-b 5----------------------------9 CS-a 13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27 CS-b 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 DM-a 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29 DM-b 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 TR-a 23 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30 TR-b 7- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19,20,37 SG 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 RR-a 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 RR-b 15 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 ST-a 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23 ST-b 17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 RT-a 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26 RT-b 18 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 LL 21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 RL 24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 TT-a 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35 TT-b 25 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 TM

Figure A-2. Cable supplied for V.36 interface.

60

APPENDIX B: BOOT Manager

Appendix B. BOOT Manager This appendix describes the various options of the BOOT Manager.

B.1 Overview The Remote Mini Router includes a Dual Image Flash, capable of storing two different versions of software in two different partitions. Upon reset, the Remote Mini Router automatically runs the program stored in the active partition. New software versions are loaded into the backup partition. If loading succeeds, the backup partition becomes the active partition and the Remote Mini Router resets automatically, running the new software version. If loading fails, the device can still work since the Flash partition storing the old version remains active. The BOOT Manager can control Dual Image Flash. Use the BOOT Manager to: • Download new software, • Erase configuration from Flash, or • Erase all partitions from Flash.

B.2 Accessing BOOT Manager The BOOT Manager is accessed and controlled via four Remote Mini Router switches. The switches correspond to the different LAN and WAN interfaces and are shown in Figure B-1.

WAN

WAN

LAN–AUI

LAN–UTP

WAN-4W

WAN-4W

LAN–AUI

LAN–UTP

Figure B-1. Remote Mini Router switches. 61

REMOTE MINI ROUTER The BOOT Manager interfaces with the user via four Remote Mini Router LEDs. The LEDs are shown in Figure B-2.

Figure B-2. Remote Mini Router LEDs.

NOTE The LAN LED has two color states: Green represents LAN integrity, and orange represents LAN Rx/Tx.

You can access the BOOT Manager in two ways: • TFTP Mode: If the Flash is empty and has no software versions loaded into it, the Remote Mini Router automatically enters the BOOT Manager at power-on. LED 3 (WAN) will blink, indicating that the Flash is empty and the device is waiting for a TFTP session. • Waiting Mode: If all four Remote Mini Router switches are set to ON before power-on, LEDs 1 and 4 will blink alternately for 15 seconds at power-on. During this time, you can perform one of the following operations: - Erase all configuration from Flash. - Erase all partitions from Flash. If no operation is performed within 15 seconds, the Remote Mini Router will continue its normal startup procedure as indicated in Figure B-3.

62

APPENDIX B: BOOT Manager

Figure B-3. Remote Mini Router startup procedure.

B.3 BOOT Manager Operations B.3.1 ERASE CONFIGURATION Perform the operation to erase the device configuration parameters. The device configuration parameters are also stored in the flash memory. Sometimes these configuration parameters are needed after downloading a new software version. When the new version’s parameters are not fully compatible with the previous version’s parameters, the previous version’s parameters must be erased. This operation can also be used to set the device to the default settings. The Erase Configuration operation is also useful if you forget the Telnet password. To erase configuration: 1. Power off the Remote Mini Router. 2. Set all four switches to ON. 3. Power on the Remote Mini Router. The Router enters the Waiting mode. 4. Set switches 3 and 4 to OFF. The Remote Mini Router configuration is erased when the Waiting mode period (15 seconds) is over and a default configuration is restored.

63

REMOTE MINI ROUTER B.3.2 ERASE ALL PARTITIONS Select this operation to erase the programs stored in both partitions. This operation must be performed before downloading new software using the BOOT Manager to a Flash that is not empty. To erase all partitions: 1. Power off the Remote Mini Router. 2. Set all four switches to ON. 3. Power on the Remote Mini Router. The Router enters the Waiting mode. 4. Set switches 1 and 2 to OFF. Partitions are erased when the Waiting mode period (15 seconds) is over. 5. Download new software. B.3.3 DOWNLOAD NEW SOFTWARE When you power up the Remote Mini Router, it runs the program stored in the active partition. In order to load new software, the Flash must be empty. A Flash that is not empty can be erased with the “erase all partitions” operation. Once the Flash is empty, the Remote Mini Router enters the TFTP Mode when it’s powered on. You can download new software in one of the following ways: • Using TFTP protocol through the LAN interface via BOOT Manager. • Using menus. TFTP Download via BOOT Manager The BOOT Manager includes TFTP server application with the default parameters: IP address:

192.168.205.1

Subnet mask: 255.255.255.252 The setup for a TFTP new software download is shown in Figure B-4. To download new software: 1. Power on the Remote Mini Router. The Router enters the TFTP mode (LED 3 is blinking).

64

APPENDIX B: BOOT Manager 2. Connect a PC to the Remote Mini Router’s LAN interface. 3. Configure the PC as follows: IP address:

192.168.205.2

Subnet mask:

255.255.255.252

Default gateway:

192.168.205.1

4. Run a standard TFTP client application on the PC. 5. Download the new software file in the proprietary “TRI” format. If the download is successful, the new software version becomes the active partition. If the download is unsuccessful, another download attempt is required.

PC

Remote Mini Router

Figure B-4. TFTP new software download setup. TFTP Download Using Menus The Dual Image Flash is capable of storing two different versions of software in two different partitions. The Flash will have both partitions, active and backup, full after a TFTP download using menus. To download new software using menus, refer to Chapter 7. Upon completion of the TFTP download, the new version becomes the active partition, while the original version becomes the backup partition. The Remote Mini Router then automatically resets. The TFTP download using menus is the only way to create a backup partition. This way, if downloading is unsuccessful, the device can still operate since the Flash

65

REMOTE MINI ROUTER partition that stores the original version remains active. You can try to download over and over until you are successful. A diagram of how the Dual Image Flash operates is shown below.

Original Software Version

Original Software Version

Active Partition

Backup Partition

Active Partition

Original Software Version

New Software Version

Backup Partition

Active Partition

Figure B-5. Dual Image Flash.

66

New Software Version

Backup Partition

APPENDIX C: Optical and 4-Wire Interfaces

Appendix C. Optical and 4-Wire Interfaces C.1 Switch Settings (4-Wire) LONG OFF: Link operates at 10 Mbps. ON: Link operates at 5 Mbps. (see Table C-1 for operating ranges) Factory setting: OFF

Table C-1. 4-Wire operating ranges.

Speed 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps

Cable

Max. Range

Cat.3 UTP Screened UTP (Cat. 3) Level 5 UTP IBM Type 1 Cat. 3 UTP Screened UTP (Cat. 3) Level 5 UTP IBM Type 1 Telephone cable

400 m (1312.3 ft.) 500 m (1640.4 ft.) 500 m (1640.4 ft.) 750 m (2460.6 ft.) 600 m (1968.5 ft.) 650 m (2132.5 ft.) 650 m (2132.5 ft.) 1300 m (4265.1 ft.) 150 m (492.1 ft.)

WARNING Do not apply power to the Remote Mini Router until the 4-wire terminal block is connected as described below.

C.2 4-Wire Installation 1. Remove the protective cover from the terminal block. 2. Unplug the terminal block from the Remote Mini Router. 3. Feed the 4-wire cable through the protective cover. 4. Connect the TX and RX twisted pairs to the respective screw terminals, as shown in Figure C-1. If the cable is shielded, connect the shield to the center terminal.

67

REMOTE MINI ROUTER 5. Verify that the wires are secure. 6. Reconnect the terminal block to its socket. 7. Place the protective cover in position over the terminal block.

NOTE When two 4-wire Remote Mini Routers will be directly connected, the terminal blocks must be wired so that the RX terminals of each Remote Mini Router connect to the TX terminals of the other.

Terminal Block

4-Wire Cable

TX GND RX

{

Screw Terminal

Figure C-1. Remote Mini Router 4-wire interface connection. The optical interface operating ranges depend on fiber specifications and are given below: • Approximately 1.9 mi. (3.1 km) over multimode. • Approximately 12.5 mi. (20.1 km) over single-mode LED. • Approximately 22 mi. (35.4 km) over single mode laser.

68

APPENDIX C: Optical and 4-Wire Interfaces

WARNING Do not apply power to the Remote Mini Router until the optical connectors are connected as described below.

C.3 Optical Installation 1. Remove the protective covers from the TX and RX connectors. 2. Connect the TX cable to the TX connector. 3. Connect the RX cable to the RX connector.

69

REMOTE MINI ROUTER

Appendix D. Glossary 10BASE-T: A LAN protocol that allows stations to be attached via twisted-pair cable. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): A method for finding a host’s Ethernet address from its Internet address. The sender broadcasts an ARP packet containing the Internet address of another host and waits for the second host to send back its Ethernet address. ARP is defined in RFC 826. Bandwidth: The rate at which data passes through the link. The greater the bandwidth, the more information can be sent through the link at a particular time. Broadcast: A transmission to multiple, unspecified recipients. On an Ethernet network, a broadcast packet is a special type of multicast packet that all nodes on the network are always willing to receive. Default Gateway: A routing table entry that is used to direct packets addressed to hosts or networks not explicitly listed in the routing table. DLCI (Data Link Control Identifier): A channel number that is attached to data frames to tell the network how to route the data in Frame Relay Networks. DNS (Domain Name System): A general-purpose distributed, replicated, dataquery service chiefly used on the Internet for translating host names into Internet IP addresses. DNS is defined in STD 13, RFCs 1034 and 1035. Frame Relay: A packet-switching protocol for connecting devices on a WAN. Frame Relay networks support data rates up to 1.544 Mbps. IGMP: The Internet Group Management Protocol is a protocol used by IP hosts to report their multicast group memberships to an adjacent multicast router. IP Address: A 32-bit host address. It is usually represented in dotted decimal notation (for example, 128.121.4.5). The address can be split into a network number (or network address) and a host number unique to each host on the network and sometimes also a subnet address. IP Address is defined in RFC 791. IP Mask: A unique 4-byte (32-bit) value that allows the recipient of IP packets to distinguish between different host IDs. IP Multicast: The transmission of an IP datagram to a host group (a set of zero or more hosts identified by a single IP destination address). A multicast datagram

70

APPENDIX D: Glossary delivered to all members of its destination host group with the same “best efforts” reliability as regular unicast IP datagrams. The datagram is not guaranteed to arrive intact at all members of the destination group or in the same order relative to other datagrams. IP Routing: The process, performed by a router, of selecting the correct interface and next hop for a packet being forwarded. Routing is done in order to send a packet to a specific destination. Leased Lines: A private telephone circuit permanently connecting two points, normally provided on a lease by a local PTT. MAC (Media Access Control): The lower sublayer of the data link layer. MAC is the interface between a node’s Logical Link Control and the network’s physical layer. The MAC differs for various physical media. MAC Address: The hardware address of a device connected to a shared network medium. Mask: A filtering aid that is used to define classes of addresses. By defining classes, any packet can be judged as to whether it should pass the filter or not. MTU (Maximum Transmit Unit): The largest frame length that may be sent on a physical medium. Multicast: An Ethernet addressing scheme used to send packets to devices of a certain type or for broadcasting to all nodes. PING: The Packet InterNet Groper is a protocol and program for sending a signal to see whether another network host or other device is online and responding. PING is used to test reachability of destinations by sending them an ICMP echo request and waiting for a reply. PPP (Point to Point Protocol): The protocol defined in RFC 1661, the Internet standard for transmitting network layer datagrams (for example, IP packets) over serial point-to-point links. PPP is designed to operate both over asynchronous connections and bit-oriented synchronous systems. It can configure connections to a remote network dynamically, and test that the link is usable. PPP can be configured to encapsulate different network layer protocols (such as IP, IPX™, or AppleTalk®) by using the appropriate network. Protocol: A set of formal rules describing how to transmit data across a network. Low-level protocols define the electrical and physical standards to be observed, bitand byte-ordering, and the transmission, error detection, and correction of the bit

71

REMOTE MINI ROUTER stream. High-level protocols deal with the data formatting, including the syntax of messages, the terminal to computer dialogue, character sets, sequencing of messages, etc. RFC (Request for Comment): RFCs are numbered Internet documents and standards widely followed by commercial software and freeware in the Internet and UNIX communities. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): SNMP is the Internet standard protocol, defined in STD 15, RFC 1157, developed to manage nodes on an IP network. Static Station: A host that is added manually to an ARP or LAN table. Synchronous Transmission: Data bits are transmitted at a fixed rate. The sender and the receiver are synchronized. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): The most common transport layer protocol used on Ethernet and the Internet. TCP is built on top of Internet Protocol (IP) and is nearly always used in the combination TCP/IP (TCP over IP). It adds reliable communication, flow-control, multiplexing, and connection-oriented communication. It provides full-duplex, process-to-process connections. TCP is defined in STD 7, RFC 793. TCP/IP Stack (Transmission Control Protocol over Internet Protocol): The standard Ethernet protocols incorporated into 4.2BSD UNIX. While TCP and IP specify two protocols at specific layers, TCP/IP is often used to refer to the entire DoD protocol suite based upon these, including Telnet, FTP, UDP, and RDP. Telnet: A program that lets you connect to other computers on the Internet. The process by which a person using one computer can sign onto a computer in another city, state, or country. TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol): A simple file transfer protocol used for downloading boot code to diskless workstations. Throughput: The amount of data a communications channel can carry, usually in bytes per second. UDP (User Datagram Protocol): An Internet standard network-layer, transportlayer, and session-layer protocols that provide simple but unreliable datagram services. It adds a checksum and additional process-to-process addressing information. UDP is a connectionless protocol which, like TCP, is layered on top of IP. UDP is defined in STD 6, RFC 768.

72

APPENDIX D: Glossary Unicast: The communication from one device to another device over a network. In other words, a point-to-point communication. WAN (Wide Area Network): A network, usually constructed with serial lines, extending over distances greater than one kilometer (0.6 miles).

73

© Copyright 2001. Black Box Corporation. All rights reserved. 1000 Park Drive • Lawrence, PA 15055-1018 • 724-746-5500 • Fax 724-746-0746