REGULATOR SIZING
- 107 -
DEFINITIONS RELATING TO REGULATOR CAPACITY The capacities contained in this bulletin are based on a specific level of performance by the regulator. The measure of performance is accuracy of regulation, also known as offset or deviation. Each table is appended with a footnote indicating the accuracy of regulation obtainable at the rated capacities listed. Pertinent terms involved in the determination of accuracy of regulation and rated capacity are defined as follows: * REGULATED VARIABLE is the controlled condition of the fluid either (1) flowing through a regulator or (2) in a process served by a regulator. Reduced pressure, back pressure and differential pressure are the typical regulated variables to be dealt with in this instance. Other cases, such as vapor pressure produced by a steam-heated vapor generator, will be found. * MINIMUM CONTROLLED FLOW is the lowest flow at which a steady condition of fluid pressure can be maintained. Any further reduction of flow produces a noticeable deviation of the regulated pressure toward dead-end shut off. For convenience,
minimum controlled flow is often considered as being at 5% of rated capacity. * SET POINT is the value of the regulated pressure at minimum controlled flow. * RATED CAPACITY of a pressure regulator pertains to specified inlet and outlet conditions and is the rate of flow through the regulator, guaranteed by the manufacturer, when the regulated pressure deviates no more than a specified number of psi from the set pressure at minimum controlled flow. * ACCURACY OF REGULATION is the amount by which the regulated pressure deviates from set point at minimum controlled flow as the flow through the regulator is gradually increased from minimum to rated capacity. * LOCK-UP is the increase from set value due to dead end shut-off. * Adapted from “Definitions of Regulator Capacities”, Standard No. FCI 58-1, published by Fluid Controls Institute, Inc.
REDUCED PRESSURE - psi
50
TYPICAL REGULATION CURVE SPENCE TYPE ED INLET PRESSURE 100 psi
40
30
20
10
0 0
10
20
30
40
50
70
60
80
90
100
110
FLOW - PERCENT
TYPICAL REGULATION CURVE The performance characteristic of a Spence Pressure Regulator is shown above. Using this curve to illustrate several terms of reference, the following facts are evident: REGULATED VARIABLE
REDUCED PRESSURE
Minimum Controlled Flow…………………………4% Set Point …………………………………………25.0 Reduced Pressure at Rated (100%) Flow …22.5 psi Accuracy of Regulation, psi …………………2.5 psi Accuracy of Regulation, % of set pressure ……10%
The slight slope of the curve establishes a definite relationship between flow and regulated pressure. Note that 1 psi accuracy of regulation is obtainable at 95% of rated flow. For back pressure regulation, or differential where the regulator opens on increasing differential, the characteristic curve would lie opposite to that shown. It would slope upward with flow increase because a positive deviation is required to cancel valve opening.
NOTES
ON
USE
OF
TABLES
The lowest reduced pressures are approximate critical pressures. No appreciable increase in flow can be obtained at lower pressures. Downstream pipe size should be enlarged at regulator outlet to approximately equalize pipe velocities before and after the reduction. The Steam Capacity Tables are useful for determining steam pipe sizes and regulator size at any desired lower velocity level. Reduced Seats—Spence Regulators are available with a choice of seat sizes called Full and Normal Ports. There is a capacity table for each port with standard plugs. The Cv Valve Coefficients shown on the back page, indicate where 75% and 50% parabolic plugs are available. For a given pressure drop, rated flows with various ports and plugs in the same size body may be compared. Thus, valve and port size may be selected to limit velocities entering and leaving the regulator. Lower velocities mean a greater proportion of the pressure drop occurs at the valve seat, where it belongs, rather than in the body outlet and connected piping. Capacity ratings apply to Spence Regulators with Type D, N and Q Pilots which are spring loaded and have 31/2 inch diaphragms. Other pilots having greater or lesser sensitivity will provide proportionally greater or less accuracy of regulation.
PLANNING MAIN VALVE INSTALLATION A. PLANNING THE INSTALLATION 1. Locate the valve in a straight run of horizontal pipe. See Fig. 1. 2. Allow headroom above the valve for access through the blind flange. Provide clearance for stem withdrawal underneath. 3. Prevent water hammer and erratic operation by installing traps to provide proper drainage before and after the valve, and before secondary PRV or control valve. 4. Avoid damaging affects of scale and dirt in pipe lines by using a strainer as shown in Fig. 1 . 5. Provide a 3-valve by-pass to facilitate inspection without interrupting service. 6. To eliminate excessive noise and erratic regulation with steam and other compressible fluids enlarge the delivery pipe size to effect a reasonable flow velocity at the reduced pressure. A tapered transition is recommended. If possible, avoid a sharp turn close to the regulator outlet and a bullheaded tee connection to the low pressure main. 7. Install initial and delivery pressure gauges to indicate performance. If the pressure rating of the delivery system or connected equipment is less than the initial steam pressure, provide a safety valve. B. CONTROL PIPE 1. Use 1/4” pipe for this line which connects the pilot diaphragm chamber to the desired point of pressure control. See Fig. 1. 2. Take the control at a point of minimum turbulence. Avoid control immediately at the valve outlet or after a turn. When the delivery pipe expands in size select a spot at least 4 pipe diameters beyond the point of enlargement. 3. Pitch away from pilot to avoid erratic operation and fouling. Eliminate water pockets. 4. Locate delivery pressure gauge in control pipe to show pressure actually reaching pilot diaphragm.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Inlet Pipe Isolation Valve Strainer PRV Type Bypass Pipe Bypass Valve
C. DESIGN GUIDELINES TO MINIMIZE NOISE 1. Size the regulator to provide a maximum inlet velocity of about 10,000 FPM. 2. Determine the regulator outlet velocity. if it would exceed 30,000 FPM, use a Spence muffling orifice or a second stage regulator. 3 Expand regulator outlet piping to limit discharge line velocity to about 10,000 FPM. 4. Avoid abrupt changes in pipe size. Limit pipe diameter changes to two pipe sizes per stage of expansion. Do not use eccentric reducers. 5. Directional changes in downstream piping should be made only after the line size has been increased. Use long radius fittings; avoid bull-head tee connection. 6. Provide as much straight run of pipe on both sides of regulator as possible: a - 10 pipe diameters minimum to the inlet. b - 20 pipe diameters minimum of expanded line size from the outlet. 7. Size all piping components, including strainer and stop valves for a maximum flow velocity of about 10,000 FPM (Exception: An outlet stop valve mounted at the regulator outlet should be equal in size to the regulator). In areas where low sound levels are specified, reduce this limit by 25% to 50%. 8. To limit noise transmission through the building’s structure. keep the regulator and piping at least 3 feet away from solid surfaces. Use sound-isolating piping supports. 9. Apply high density insulation to the regulator body, piping and system components. Insulation reduces heat loss significantly and can provide moderate (3-6 dB) local noise attenuation. 10. Use a Spence noise suppressor to reduce the propagation of noise via the downstream piping.
7. Delivery Pipe 8. SRV Type 9. Drip Pan Elbow 10. Vent Stack 11. Low Pressure Trap 12. High Pressure Trap 10
Provide as much straight run of pipe on both sides of regulator as possible: ● 10 pipe diameters minimum to the inlet. ● 20 pipe diameters minimum of expanded line size from the outlet.
8
9 1 6
5
10 d1
2
4
2 7
20 d2
d1
d2
3
Min. 4 d2
11 12
RULES FOR MAIN VALVE SELECTION When you select a Main Valve, your sizing can be based on one of three methods. They are:
ECONOMICAL MAIN VALVE Economical Main Valve Selection is choosing a regulator that has the line size and rough capacity to handle the load. No consideration is given to velocities or noise. If you are interested in an economical selection, select a regulator type for your application, then go to the Capacity Tables and select the size that will provide you with the capacity needed.
ENGINEERED MAIN VALVE Engineered Main Valve Selection takes into consideration the inlet and outlet velocities of the regulator, It will limit these velocities to acceptable standards. See Pressure Reducing Station Design Guidelines on the following pages for details. If you are interested in an engineered selection, select a regulator
RULES
FOR
type for your application, and then to the Capacity Tables and select the size that will provide you with the capacity needed. Verify that the velocities fall within the guidelines by consulting the Velocity Charts in this Section.
ENGINEERED MAIN VALVE WITH NOISE SUPPRESSION Engineered Main Valve Selection with Noise Suppression considers both velocity and noise suppression in the selection of the regulator. For this selection, it is recommended that you contact your local Spence Technical Sales Representative who can provide you with a computer generated solution.
SELECTING A REGULATOR TYPE The following rules should be used to help you to determine the type of regulator that you should use. You should consult the Product Pages, Velocity Tables and Capacity Tables for additional information on your selection.
MAIN VALVE SELECTION–STEAM SERVICE
Together with the following rules, reference should be made to the Main Valve Specification Table or individual Product Pages for maximum initial pressures and temperatures and “minimum differentials”for the several types of Main Valve. For pressure reduction where fast response time is important, but capacity and accuracy are not critical, select D50 DIRECT OPERATED REGULATOR.
EITHER DEAD-END OR CONTINUOUS FLOW SERVICE RULE 1. For Initial Pressures exceeding 15 psi: (a) TYPE E – Select when the Delivery Pressure is less than 75% of Initial Pressure. For Differential Pressures of 15-50 psi, specify optional LP Spring (10 psi minimum Differential Pressure is attainable by adding optional fittings).
RULES
FOR
(b) TYPE E5 – Select when the Delivery Pressure is 75% to 96%of Initial Pressure. RULE 2. For Initial Pressures less than 15 psi: (a) TYPE E2 – Select when Initial Pressure is less than 15 psi.
MAIN VALVE SELECTION–AIR SERVICE
Together with the following rules, reference should be made to the Main Valve Specification Table or individual Product Pages for maximum initial pressures and temperatures and “minimum differentials”for the several types of Main Valve.For pressure reduction where fast response time is important, but capacity and accuracy are not critical, select D50 DIRECT OPERATED REGULATOR.
EITHER DEAD-END OR CONTINUOUS FLOW SERVICE RULE 1. For Initial Pressures exceeding 15 psi: (a) TYPE E – Select when the Delivery Pressure is less than 75% of Initial Pressure. For Differential Pressures of 15-50 psi, specify optional LP Spring (10 psi minimum Differential Pressure is attainable by adding optional fittings).
RULES
FOR
(b) TYPE E6 – Select when the Delivery Pressure is 75% to 93%of Initial Pressure. (c) TYPE E5 – Select when the Delivery Pressure is 93% to 96%of Initial Pressure. RULE 2. For Initial Pressures less than 15 psi: (a) TYPE E2 – Select when Initial Pressure is less than 15 psi.
MAIN VALVE SELECTION–WATER SERVICE
Pilot Operated Regulators are not uniformly successful in liquid pressure reducing service unless the delivery system has unusual cushioning such as afforded by an elevated tank or large air chamber.
WATER PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES The TYPE D34 DIRECT OPERATED VALVE was developed for application on rapidly changing and intermittent flow to an inflexible system. RULE 1. Select TYPE D34 DIRECT OPERATED VALVE for pressure reducing service.
FOR PILOT OPERATED WATER REGULATORS When a pilot operated regulator is required the following rules for the selection of a main valve govern: RULE 2. When pressure drop across valve exceeds 10 psi: (a) TYPE C34 -Select for all normal requirements.
(b) TYPE E6 with Dashpot-Select where high lift is desired or special flow requirements encountered. RULE 3. When pressure drop across valve is between 5 and 10 psi: (a) TYPE E5 - Select for pressure drops not less than 5 psi. (b) TYPE E6 with Dashpot-Select if auxiliary operation is possible. Together with the above rules, reference should be made to the Main Valve Specification Table for maximum initial pressures and temperatures and “minimum differentials” for the several types of Main Valves.
VALVE SIZING BY COMPUTATION FORMULA KEY A Cv EDR F ft G ∆P P1 P2 Pc
= = = = = = = = = =
∆PS =
Area of Pipe in (inches)2 Valve Coefficient Equivalent Direct Radiation (Sq. Ft.) Pipe Area Factor (see Pipe Factors Table) Feet Specific Gravity Pressure Drop,P1 – P2 psi Inlet Pressure, psia (psi + 14.7) Reduced Pressure, psia (psi + 14.7) Pressure at Thermodynamic Critical Point, psia (water = 3206 psia)
P1 – Pv when P2 > Pv
P ) P when P < P √ P q = Liquid Flow Rate, U.S. gpm
∆PS = P1 – (.96 – .28
v
C
v
2
v
Q = Flow Rate, SCFH T = Absolute T (T + 460)°R TSH = Steam Superheat (°F) = Total Steam Temp. – Saturated Steam Temp. v V W Ws
Pv = Vapor Pressure, psia
= = = =
Specific Volume FT3/# Velocity, FPM Steam Flow, #/Hr. Flow, #/Hr. Superheated Steam
To avoid interpolation or solve problems beyond the scope of the table, valve sizes may be determined by calculation as follows:
Cv
LOADS
SUBCRITICAL SATURATED STEAM:
CRITICAL
P2 > .58 P1 W Cv= 2.1 √∆P (P1 + P2)
P2 < .58 P1 W 1.71 P1
Cv=
P2 > .55 P1 SUPERHEATED STEAM: Cv= W (1 + .0007TSH) P2 > .5 P1 Q Cv= 963
√∆P (PGT P ) 1+
2
Cv=
q
ABSORPTION W = 16-20 #/Hr./Ton-Hr. STM. ATOM
Cv=
.93q
W = 0.1 #/Hr./#Oil
VELOCITY
P2 < P1 – .85 ∆PS
√∆PG
RADIATION
Q √GT 834 P1
Cv=
P2 > P1 – .85 ∆PS
LIQUID:
AIR
P2 < .5 P1
GPM X Temp. Rise (°F) 2 GPM W= X Temp. Rise (°F) 4 W = CFM X Temp. Rise (°F) 900 2 f EDR W= 4 W=
FUEL OIL
P2 < .55 P1 W (1 + .0007TSH) Cv= 1.75 P1
2.1 √∆P (P1 + P2)
GAS:
WATER
√∆PG
STEAM
V = 2.4
Wv A
S
PIPE FACTORS FOR STANDARD (SCHEDULE 40) PIPE SIZE
FLOW STEAM
1
W = .0433 x V x F
v
AIR & GASES Q = .0259 x V x F x P1 T LIQUIDS
q = .0054 x V x F
/8 / 3/8 1 /2 3/4 1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 14
FACTOR
SIZE
FACTOR
.55 1.0 1.8 2.9 5.1 8.3 14 20 32 46 71
1
95 122 192 278 481 758 1076 1301 1699 2151 2673
3 /2 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
PRESSURE REDUCING STATION DESIGN GUIDELINES I. SINGLE STAGE PRESSURE REGULATOR
A. When intermediate steam pressure is required.
1. When to use single stage regulator:
B. When concerned with PRV generated noise, use two stage station when specific volume ratio, outlet to inlet, is greater than 3 to 1, unless manufacturer offers assurance or other means of meeting noise specification.
A. When load turndown requirement is generally no greater than 10:1. B. When ratio of specific volume of steam, outlet to inlet, is no greater than 3 to 1. C. When only one reduced steam pressure level is required.
II. PARALLEL PRESSURE REGULATORS 1. When to use parallel pressure regulator stations: A. When maximum specified capacity requires selection of a pressure regulator greater than 12 inch pipe size. (It may be more economical to install two smaller valves than one very large one.) B. When normal conditions require operation at 10% or less of specified maximum capacity for sustained periods.
C. When complying with Power Piping Code ANSI B31.11986, which reads, in part, “in district heating and steam distribution systems where the steam pressure does not exceed 400 psi (2758 kPa) and where the use of relief valves and vent piping are not feasible, two or more pressure reducing valves may be installed in series, each set at or below the safe working pressure of equipment served and no relief valve is required.”
IV. TWO STAGE PARALLEL PRESSURE REGULATORS† 1. Whenever any condition from II and any condition from III applies.
SPACE CONSIDERATIONS FOR REDUCING STATIONS
C. When there are two distinct load requirements; i.e., summer/winter operation.
1. Following are rules of thumb for approximating space requirements for installing reducing stations:
2. When to use a pneumatically operated parallel pressure regulator station:
A. Single stage (with or without noise suppressors)
A. When the combined accuracy of regulation of mechanically operated controls is unacceptable. For Spence mechanically operated regulators normal sizing/selection results in accuracy of regulation of approximately 5% of set pressure. Combined accuracy of regulation of mechanically operated parallel installed regulators is approximately 10% of set pressure. Pneumatically operated regulators equipped with reset maintain set point within 1% for all sustained flows.
Inlet side: ten (10) diameters of PRV pipe size Outlet side: twenty (20) diameters of final pipe size, where final pipe size is determined on the basis of 10,000 fpm line velocity. B. Two stage Inlet side of primary: ten (10) diameters of PRV pipe size. Intermediate: twenty (20) diameters of secondary PRV pipe size.
III. TWO STAGE PRESSURE REGULATORS†
Outlet side: twenty (20) diameters of final pipe size, where final pipe size is determined on the basis of 10,000 fpm line velocity.
1. When to use two stage pressure regulator stations:
C. Two stage with muffling orifice; same as A above.
† Primary PRV requires optional base bypass and 1/8" bleedport.
PRESSURE REDUCING STATION GENERAL SPECIFICATION A.Pressure Reducing Station shall consist of: -
pressure regulator inlet strainer inlet and outlet stop valves (gate type) by-pass valve (globe type) trap at inlet to pressure regulator pressure gauges on inlet and outlet of station pressure relief valve downstream of regulator
B.Stop valves and strainer shall be at least pressure regulator size C.Expand pressure regulator outlet pipe size to obtain discharge line velocity which will not exceed: Up to and including 2” 2 1/2” up to 8” Above 8”
15,000 FPM 10,000 FPM 8,000 FPM
Regulator outlet velocity shall be limited to: Up to and including 2” 2 1/ 2” up to 8” Above 8”
45,000 FPM 30,000 FPM 24,000 FPM
D.Unions shall be used on either side of screwed end bypass valve and pressure regulator to facilitate removal. E. Pressure regulators 2-1/2” and larger shall have flanged ends and be suitable for pressure and temperature specified. F. Limit pressure regulator inlet velocity to: Up to and including 2” 2 1/2” thru 8” Above 8”
15,000 FPM 10,000 FPM 8,000 FPM
G.Regulator sound pressure level while operating at specified maximum capacity shall not exceed 90 dbA as measured at a point three feet downstream and three feet from uninsulated pipe surface. H.Pressure regulator capacity shall not be greater than 120 of specified maximum capacity. I. For details of safety valve sizing and installation, please refer to the latest National Board Inspection Code and ANSI B31.1 Code.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
12
22
39
58
76
125
189
316
38
12
3
/4
1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
474
283
187
114
87
59
33
18
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
631
377
249
151
115
78
43
24
17.6
14.6
10.4
7.5
4.8
1.5
.65
—
557
353
222
124
85
55
37
22
15.5
9.9
7.0
4.4
2.7
1.4
—
— —
—
835
530
333
186
127
82
56
33
23.3
14.8
10.6
6.6
4.0
2.1
1113
706
444
248
169
109
74
44
31
19.8
14.1
8.8
5.4
2.8
1.5
—
Full
1118
748
465
255
202
143
96
68
44
27.4
18.9
11.7
7.6
—
—
—
E2
952
525
366
228
176
120
59
35
25
19.8
13.4
10.0
5.7
—
—
—
1611
1018
665
350
258
159
95
67
43
27.4
18.9
11.7
7.6
—
—
—
Normal Full
E5,E6
—
—
—
196
139
86
53
36
24
17.3
12.5
5.5
—
—
—
—
C34
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
.32
.32
.25
D
The Parabolic Discs given in the above table are designed to: a) Improve performance at minimum flows by improving stability over wide flow ranges. b) Provide easy field conversion to obtain a substantial increase or decrease in regulator Cv to meet system load requirements. c) Facilitate selection of smaller size safety relief valves. d) Size more precisely to the required Cv, thereby eliminating one of the most frequent causes of poor performance.
75% AND 50% REDUCED TRIM (Parabolic)
/
/
—
/4
1
E Valve Size Normal Normal Normal Full Full 50% 75% 50% 75%
REGULATOR CV DATA
—
—
—
118
84
52
32
21.6
14.4
10.4
7.5
3.3
—
—
—
—
60%
D34
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
10.8
10.1
5.0
4.9
3.3
2.2
—
—
D50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
60
37.5
20.8
14.3
9.2
5.3
—
—
—
50%
N6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
17.2
15.1
14.3
9.15
6.85
.4-5.22
—
—
Series 2000
SATURATED STEAM FLOW TABLE (LB/HR) Based on Schedule 40 Pipe SIZES 1/4" THROUGH 2" VEL., FPM PRESS. (PSIG) -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 175 200 250 300
45000
45000
45000
45000
45000
45000
45000
45000
REGULATOR or PIPE SIZE (inches) 1 /4 23 51 73 97 120 142 164 186 208 251 293 336 377 420 461 503 607 710 813 916 1121 1336
3/8 43 93 134 178 220 260 301 341 381 460 538 616 692 770 846 922 1113 1302 1491 1680 2057 2452
1/2 68 148 213 284 350 415 479 543 607 732 857 981 1102 1225 1347 1468 1771 2072 2374 2675 3274 3902
3/4 120 260 373 498 613 728 841 953 1065 1285 1504 1721 1934 2150 2364 2577 3108 3636 4166 4694 5746 6848
1 195 422 605 807 994 1179 1363 1545 1726 2083 2437 2789 3134 3485 3831 4176 5037 5893 6752 7608 9313 11099
11/4 337 730 1046 1396 1720 2041 2359 2673 2987 3605 4217 4827 5424 6031 6630 7228 8718 10198 11685 13166 16118 19209
11/2 458 994 1424 1900 2342 2778 3210 3639 4065 4906 5740 6570 7383 8209 9024 9838 11866 13881 15905 17921 21938 26145
2 755 1638 2348 3132 3860 4579 5292 5998 6700 8087 9461 10829 12170 13531 14874 16216 19558 22879 26216 29539 36160 43094
30000
30000
30000
30000
24000
24000
10 9466 20524 29424 39256 48374 57390 66320 75171 83977 101355 118578 135722 152523 169579 186417 203233 245117 286743 328560 370208 453186 540098
12 13437 29134 41767 55723 68666 81464 94139 106703 119203 143871 168318 192653 216502 240713 264614 288484 347938 407024 466382 525501 643286 766655
SIZES 21/2" THROUGH 12" VEL., FPM PRESS. (PSIG) -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 175 200 250 300
30000
30000
REGULATOR or PIPE SIZE (inches)
21/2 718 1558 2233 2979 3671 4356 5033 5705 6373 7692 9000 10301 11576 12870 14148 15424 18603 21763 24936 28097 34395 40991
3 1109 2405 3448 4600 5669 6725 7772 8809 9841 11878 13896 15905 17874 19873 21846 23817 28725 33603 38503 43384 53108 63293
4 1910 4142 5938 7922 9762 11581 13383 15170 16947 20454 23929 27389 30779 34221 37619 41012 49465 57865 66303 74708 91453 108992
5 3002 6509 9331 12449 15341 18200 21032 23839 26632 32143 37605 43042 48370 53779 59119 64452 77735 90936 104197 117405 143720 171283
6 4335 9399 13475 17978 22154 26283 30372 34426 38459 46418 54305 62156 69851 77662 85373 93074 112256 131319 150470 169544 207545 247348
8 7507 16276 23334 31131 38362 45512 52594 59613 66596 80378 94036 107631 120955 134481 147834 161169 194385 227395 260557 293586 359389 428313
SATURATED STEAM FLOW TABLE (LB/HR) Based on Schedule 40 Pipe SIZES 3/8" THROUGH 4" VEL., FPM PRESS. (PSIG) -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 175 200 250 300 400 500 600
15000
15000
15000
15000
15000
15000
15000
10000
10000
10000
REGULATOR or PIPE SIZE (inches) 3/8 14 31 45 59 73 87 100 114 127 153 179 205 231 257 282 307 371 434 497 560 686 817 1065 1326 1591
1/2 23 49 71 95 117 138 160 181 202 244 286 327 367 408 449 489 590 691 791 892 1091 1301 1696 2110 2532
3/4 40 87 124 166 204 243 280 318 355 428 501 574 645 717 788 859 1036 1212 1389 1565 1915 2283 2976 3703 4444
1 65 141 202 269 331 393 454 515 575 694 812 930 1045 1162 1277 1392 1679 1964 2251 2536 3104 3700 4823 6002 7202
11/4 112 243 349 465 573 680 786 891 996 1202 1406 1609 1808 2010 2210 2409 2906 3399 3895 4389 5373 6403 8347 10387 12464
11/2 153 331 475 633 781 926 1070 1213 1355 1635 1913 2190 2461 2736 3008 3279 3955 4627 5302 5974 7313 8715 11361 14138 16965
2 252 546 783 1044 1287 1526 1764 1999 2233 2696 3154 3610 4057 4510 4958 5405 6519 7626 8739 9846 12053 14365 18725 23303 27963
21/2 239 519 744 993 1224 1452 1678 1902 2124 2564 3000 3434 3859 4290 4716 5141 6201 7254 8312 9366 11465 13664 17812 22166 26599
3 370 802 1149 1533 1890 2242 2591 2936 3280 3959 4632 5302 5958 6624 7282 7939 9575 11201 12834 14461 17703 21098 27502 34225 41070
4 637 1381 1979 2641 3254 3860 4461 5057 5649 6818 7976 9130 10260 11407 12540 13671 16488 19288 22101 24903 30484 36331 47360 58936 70724
10000
8000
8000
8000
8000
8000
8000
8000
16 7071 15332 21980 29325 36136 42871 49542 56153 62731 75713 88579 101385 113936 126677 139255 151817 183105 214199 245437 276549 338534 404358 525936 654498 785398
18 8951 19407 27822 37119 45740 54265 62708 71078 79404 95836 112121 128331 144217 160345 176265 192166 231770 271128 310668 350048 428507 510687 665717 828448 994137
20 11122 24115 34572 46124 56836 67430 77921 88321 98667 119086 139321 159464 179204 199244 219027 238785 287997 336904 386036 434970 532463 634579 827219 1029428 1235314
24 16087 34878 50002 66710 82204 97526 112700 127741 142706 172238 201505 230638 259189 288174 316787 345363 416540 487276 558337 629112 770120 917814 1196436 1488898 1786677
SIZES 5" THROUGH 24" VEL., FPM PRESS. (PSIG) -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 175 200 250 300 400 500 600
10000
10000
REGULATOR or PIPE SIZE (inches)
5 1001 2170 3110 4150 5114 6067 7011 7946 8877 10714 12535 14347 16123 17926 19706 21484 25912 30312 34732 39135 47907 57094 74426 92620 111143
6 1445 3133 4492 5993 7385 8761 10124 11475 12820 15473 18102 20719 23284 25887 28458 31025 37419 43773 50157 56151 69182 82449 107479 133751 160501
8 2502 5425 7778 10377 12787 15171 17531 19871 22199 26793 31345 35877 40318 44827 49278 53723 64795 75798 86852 97862 119796 142771 186112 231607 277928
10 3155 6841 9808 13085 16125 19130 22107 25057 27992 33785 39526 45241 50841 56526 62139 67744 81706 95581 109520 123403 151062 180033 234685 292053 350464
12 4479 9711 13922 18574 22889 27155 31380 35568 39734 47957 56106 64218 72167 80238 88205 96161 115979 135675 155461 175167 214429 255552 333130 414562 497474
14 5413 11737 16826 22448 27662 32818 37924 42986 48021 57959 67808 77611 87219 96972 106601 116217 140168 163972 187884 211700 259150 308850 402609 501024 601229
SELECTING PRESSURE PILOTS Any of the Main Valves described in the Main Valve Section can be combined with any of the Pilots listed below to produce the SPENCE Pressure Regulator. This Regulator will reduce and regulate a steady or varying initial pressure, within the range
specified, so as to maintain a constant, adjustable, predetermined delivery pressure. The table below lists the principal Pressure Pilots.
PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS Type
Service Conditions Cast Iron
Cast Bronze
a
Diaphragm
Cast Steel
250
450
300
500
600
750
3
150
D2
250
450
300
500
600
750
100
300
D5
250
450
300
500
—
—
1
25
5
150
Diameter inches
Material
1 psi
31/2
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
2 psi
1
3 /2
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
12
/ psi
53/4
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
1 psi
1
4 /2
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
31/2-71/4b
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
3 /2-5 /
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
31/2
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
D120
250
450
300
500
600
750
A73
250
450
300
500
600
750
1
/2 psi
A53
250
450
300
500
600
750
1
A
250
450
300
500
600
750
1
/2 psi
A35
250
450
300
500
—
—
A54
250
450
300
500
600
750
curves on
250
450
300
500
600
750
A86
250
450
300
500
600
750
A87
250
450
300
500
600
750
A85
250
450
300
500
600
750
1
/2 psi
See response
A70
Main Valve
Delivery Pressure
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Normal Initial TemperInitial TemperInitial TemperAccuracy Pressure ature Pressure ature Pressure ature Minimum Maximum psi °F psi °F psi °F psi psi ± D
Loading
A Pilot
1
/8 psi
1 b 2
5 /4-3 /
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
1 psi
41/2-53/4b
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
2 psi
1
7 /4
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
1
41/2
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
14
7/
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
31/2-53/4b
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
/2 psi
Product Page
12
/ psi
1
/2 psi
50
3 b 4
A84
250
450
300
500
600
750
12
A83
250
450
300
500
600
750
12
3
12
3/
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
31/2
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
/8 psi
3
5 /4
St. Stl.
Air
E or C Series
/ psi / psi
1
A82
250
450
300
500
—
—
Safety Pilot
—
—
300
500
600
750
5
175
—
31/2
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
P125
250
450
—
—
600
750
5
175
1 psi
41/2
St. Stl.
Spring
E or C Series
Bronze Body Pilots are recommended for water service. These Pilots have dual diaphragms, the first size being the control diaphragm and the second, the air loading diaphragm.
a
b
NOTES
ON
SELECTION
OF
PILOTS
D SERIES PILOTS meet the requirements of the majority of all pressure regulator problems. They are spring-loaded. Other Pilots are modifications of the D Series for specific purposes. A SERIES PILOTS are air-loaded. These Pilots are recommended where frequent changes in setting must be made and the Regulator is not easily accessible. In any one Series of Pilots a larger Diaphragm will produce closer accuracy of control but with less range in delivery pressure.
Water Service Pilot operated Regulators are not uniformly satisfactory as water reducing valves unless the delivery system has the ample cushioning afforded by an elevated tank or air chamber. When the flow is intermittent to an inflexible system, the SPENCE Type D34 Direct Operated Pressure Reducing Valve is recommended.
SIZING PRESSURE REGULATORS DATA REQUIRED
FOR
EXAMPLE
ORDERING
(a) Maximum/Minimum.
Select size and type Regulator to pass 14,600 lb. steam per hour reducing from 175/150 psi saturated to 40/20 psi. Ends to be flanged, pilot spring loaded and pressure controlled within 2 psi.
(b) Superheat, Gravity, etc.
1. Steam
1. SERVICE Fluid flowing though Regulator. 2. INITIAL (INLET) PRESSURE
(1) Steam Service–Total Temperature or Degrees Superheat, if any. (2) Air, Gases, Water and Liquids–Temperature and Specific Gravity. 3. DELIVERY (OUTLET) PRESSURE Maximum/Minimum. 4. CAPACITY Maximum required flow through Regulator.
2. (a) 175/150 psi (b) None (saturated, 378°F total temperature) 3. 40/20 psi 4. 14,600 lb. per hour 5. Flanged, if 21/2" size or larger
5. END CONNECTIONS Screwed or Flanged. (If flanged, state drilling.)
SELECTION
OF
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE A. TYPE —See Selection Criteria for Steam, Air, Gases or Water and Liquids in beginning of this Section.
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT See Selection Criteria and Selection Charts opposite.
B. SIZE—See applicable Valve Capacity Tables in this Section.
C. MATERIAL— See Main Valve Selection Chart in Technical Reference Section or individual Product Pages.
SELECTION
OF
TYPE
AND
MAIN VALVE A. Since maximum Delivery Pressure is less than 75% of minimum Initial Pressure and the least pressure drop exceeds required “minimal differential”. SELECT TYPE E
SIZE
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT Since maximum Initial Pressure 175 psi, Total Temperature 378°F maximum Delivery Pressure 40 psi, Pilot spring loaded and required accuracy 2 psi: SELECT TYPE D
B. For 14,600 lb. per hour and 150 psi minimum Initial Pressure Economical: SELECT 3" FULL PORT Engineered: SELECT 4" NORMAL PORT See Pilot Selection Chart opposite or individual Product Pages.
D. ACCESSORIES—See Accessories in Other Products Section.
C. For 175 psi, 378°F: SELECT CAST IRON, FLANGED 250 LB.
For 175 psi, 378°F: SELECT CAST IRON
D. None required in this case.
None required in this case.
ECONOMICAL SOLUTION: 3" FULL PORT SPENCE TYPE ED, CAST IRON BODY, 250 LB. FLANGED ENDS ENGINEERED SOLUTION: 4" NORMAL PORT SPENCE TYPE ED, CAST IRON BODY, 250 LB. FLANGED ENDS. NOTE:Pressure Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.
SELECTING TEMPERATURE PILOTS Any of the Main Valves described in the Main Valve Section can be combined with any of the Pilots listed below, to produce the SPENCE Temperature Regulator. This Regulator is designed to control the flow of fluid to a heating or cooling element so as to maintain a constant, adjustable, precise predetermined temperature. Pilots fully stroke valve within 5°F. The table below lists the principal Temperature Pilots. The Thermostats of these SPENCE Pilots are of the Vapor Tension Type. They are ruggedly constructed and will not be injured by overheating.
These SPENCE Temperature Pilots can be furnished with 150°F range of temperature adjustment on special order. It should be noted that since heavier Adjusting Springs are required for this greater range the regulation will not be quite so accurate. TEMPERATURE RANGES 20°F to 120°F 150°F to 300°F 50°F to 150°F 170°F to 270°F 70°F to 170°F 250°F to 350°F 120°F to 220°F
Thermostats can be furnished for temperatures higher than 350°F on special order.
TEMPERATURE REGULATOR PILOTS Type
Service Conditions Cast Iron Cast Bronzea Cast Steel Delivery Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Pressure Initial TemperInitial TemperInitial TemperPressure ature Pressure ature Pressure ature Maximum psi °F psi °F psi °F psi
Operating Characteristics
Main Valve
Cascade Control–Closes on rise in temperature–controls delivery pressure–decreases delivery pressure as temperature increases & vice versa–spring loaded pressure control.
E or C Series
Closes on rise in temperature.
E or C Series
Closes on rise in temperature–controls delivery pressure at predetermined setting– spring loaded pressure control
E or C Series
T134
250
450
300
500
600
750
20
T124
250
450
300
500
—
—
125
T14
250
450
300
500
600
750
—
T14D
250
450
300
500
600
750
150
T14D2
250
450
300
500
600
750
300
T52
250
450
300
500
—
—
—
Opens on rise in temperature.
E or C Series
Safety Pilot
—
—
300
500
—
—
—
Prevents excessive temperature rise.
E or C Series
Bronze Body Pilots are recommended for water service.
a
AIR CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE PILOTS SPENCE Air Control Pilots, listed below, have been developed to meet special conditions when used in conjunction with A Series Pressure Pilots. The fast bi-metal thermostats have a 200°F adjustable range and protection against damage from Bulb Style
Bulb Material
No.736
Bronze
No. 737
St. Stl.1
T64
No. 738
St. Stl.1
T60
No.745
St. Stl.2
Type T61
Bulb Mounting
over-heating. By cascading an air signal onto a pressure regulator, the EAT Series temperature control reduces steam pressure to an adjustable limit as well as regulating output temperature. Range °F
Maximum Bulb Temperature °F
Control Mode
Action
1
50-250
350
Proportional
Reverse*
1
50-250
350
Proportional
Reverse*
50-250
350
Proportional
Reverse*
180 350
Proportional Proportional
Reverse* Reverse*
/2 NPT
/2 NPT Sanitary Thermometer Bushing 1 /2 NPT Union Mounted
30-150 100-300***
* Rising output pressure on falling temperature. This action applied to an EA Series Regulator increases steam flow with decreasing temperature. Direct action available for cooling control. 1 2 Type 304 Type 347 or optional Type 316 **Rate or reset available on application ***Other ranges on application
NOTES
ON
SELECTION
OF
PILOTS
HEATING CONTROL Single Pilot Types T134 and Combination Pilot Type T14D2 reduce the steam pressure as well as regulate the output temperature. A choice should be made according to the maximum required delivery pressure, i.e., the pressure needed in the heater to carry the peak load. Pilot Types T14D and T14D2 in cast steel are designed for initial steam pressures in excess of 500°F. Of the Air Control Pilots, the Type T61 is the general choice. The Type T60 is used for temperature indication or for remote adjustment. The required heater pressure will determine the choice of the A Series Pilot. See Product Pages.
COOLING CONTROL Pilot Type T52 is employed With Type E or C Series Main Valves to control temperature by regulating the flow of a cooling medium. This Pilot opens the Main Valve on rising temperature and exercises no control over the delivery pressure. The Air Control Pilots can be furnished with increasing air signal on temperature rise for use in cooling control. TEMPERATURE RANGES Selection of the following ranges of temperature adjustment is recommended for the services noted: 50°F to 150°F Room or air duct control 120°F to 220°F Domestic or laundry hot water service. 70°F to 170°F Fuel oil preheating. 170°F to 270°F Fuel oil heating.
SIZING TEMPERATURE REGULATORS DATA REQUIRED
FOR
EXAMPLE
ORDERING
Select size and type Regulator for heating 120 gpm water from 50°F entering temperature to 170°F final temperature in an instantaneous heater. Steam supply at 125 psi pressure to be reduced to 30 psi maximum in heater.
1. SERVICE (a) Fluid flowing though Regulator. (b) Type heater to be controlled.
1. (a) Steam
2. INITIAL (INLET) PRESSURE
(b) Instantaneous
(a) Maximum/Minimum.
2. (a) 125 psi
(b) Superheat, Gravity, etc. (1) Steam Service–Total Temperature or Degrees Superheat, if any. (2) Air, Gases, Water and Liquids–Temperature and Specific Gravity. 3. DELIVERY (OUTLET) PRESSURE Maximum required on heater. 4. CAPACITY Maximum required flow through Regulator or the following data leading to same: (a) Quantity and type of fluid to be heated or cooled. (b) Temperature rise or drop, °F.
(b) None (saturated, 353°F total temperature) 3. 30 psi 4. See Capacity Tables in this Section. (a) 120 gpm water. (b) 170-50 = 120°F Rise 120 x 120 = 7200#/Hr. 2 5. (a) 170°F–Select standard Temperature Range from facing page to include this final temperature. (b) Close on temperature rise.
5. THERMOSTAT CHARACTERISTICS:
(c) Style No. 700 bronze. (See Options Section)
(a) Controlled Temperature, °F–Maximum/Minimum. (b) Operation–Open or Close on temperature rise.
(d) Ten (10) feet, brass–furnished unless otherwise specified. 6. Flanged, if 21/2" size or larger.
(c) Thermostat Bulb–Style Number and Material. (d) Flexible Tubing–Length and Material. 6. END CONNECTIONS Screwed or Flanged. (If flanged, state drilling)
SELECTION
OF
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE A. TYPE —See Selection Criteria for Steam, Air, Gases or Water and Liquids in beginning of this Section.
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT See Selection Criteria and Selection Charts opposite.
OF
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE A. Since maximum Delivery Pressure is less than 75% of minimum Initial Pressure and the least pressure drop exceeds required “minimal differential”. SELECT TYPE E
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT Since maximum Initial Pressure 125 psi, Total Temperature 353°F maximum Delivery Pressure 30 psi SELECT TYPE T124
B. Using Capacity Tables in this Section, for 7200#/Hr and 125 psi initial pressure SELECT 2" FULL PORT
B. SIZE—See applicable Valve Capacity Tables in this Section.
C. MATERIAL— See Main Valve Selection Chart in Technical Reference Section or individual Product Pages.
SELECTION
See Pilot Selection Chart opposite or individual Product Pages.
D. ACCESSORIES—See Accessories in Other Products Section.
C. For 125 psi, 353°F: SELECT CAST IRON, NPT 250
For 125 psi, 353°F: SELECT CAST IRON
D. None required in this case.
None required in this case.
ECONOMICAL SOLUTION: 3" SPENCE TYPE ET124, CAST IRON BODY, NPT 250 ENDS TEMPERATURE RANGE 120-220°F EQUIPPED WITH 10 FEET OF BRASS FLEXIBLE TUBING AND STYLE NO. 700 BRONZE THERMOSTAT BULB. Temperature Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.
SELECTING DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE PILOTS SPENCE Differential Pressure Regulators may usually be classified in one or the other of the following groups:
sure on a steam atomizing oil burner at a constant differential above the oil pressure at the nozzle.
1. Control of the delivery pressure at a constant, adjustable, predetermined differential above another source of fluid pressure. This case is illustrated by the use of the SPENCE Type EN Differential Pressure Regulator on a boiler feedwater make-up line to control the delivery pressure of the feedwater at a constant differential above the boiler steam pressure. Another example is the use of the Type EN to control the steam pres-
2. Control of the differential pressure or pressure drop across the Pressure Regulator itself. This case is illustrated by the use of the SPENCE Type EN24 Differential Pressure Regulator installed in parallel with a heat exchanger to maintain a constant differential across it, thereby limiting the flow rate of fluid through the heater. The table below lists the principal Differential Pilots.
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS Type
Service Conditions Cast Iron
Cast Bronzea
Diaphragm Differential Pressure Max.
Operating Characteristics
Cast Steel
Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Max. Initial Temper- Diaph. Initial Temper- Diaph. Initial Temper- Diaph. Pressure ature Pressure Pressure ature Pressure Pressure ature Pressure psi °F psi psi °F psi psi °F psi
Normal Accuracy
Min. psi
Max. psi
±
Main Valve
Loading Diameter Material inches
N
250
450
240
300
500
290
600
750
300
3
150
1 psi
31/2 St. Stl. Spring
N33
250
450
240
300
500
290
600
750
300
3
150
1 psi
31/2 St. Stl. Spring
N20
250
366
250
300
366
300
300
366
300
3
150
1 psi
31/2 St. Stl. Spring
Closes on increase in differential Delivery pressure controlled at set differential above loading pressure Loading Pressure may be any fluid Opens on increase in differential Initial pressure controlled at set differential above loading pressure Loading pressure may be any fluid
E or C Series E or C Series E or C Series
Bronze Body Pilots are recommended for water service.
a
NOTES
ON
SELECTION
OF
PILOTS
TYPE N AND N33 PILOTS require that the delivery pressure (pressure of fluid discharged from the Regulator) be controlled at a given differential above some separate source of loading pressure. TYPE N meets the requirements of most boiler feedwater make-up and steam atomizing oil burner differential control problems as described in the first group in the above table.
TYPE N33 is a version of the Type N in which two separated diaphragms are employed to preclude the possibility of contact between the two fluids applied to the pilot. TYPE N20 is a differential relief pilot which causes the Main Valve to open when its initial pressure exceeds the loading pressure by a set differential.
SIZING DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE REGULATORS DATA REQUIRED
EXAMPLE
ORDERING
FOR
Select size and type Regulator to control the flow of water from a Motor-Driven Centrifugal Boiler Feed Pump maintaining an Excess or Differential pressure of 50 psi between the boiler feedwater and the boiler steam pressure. The feedwater temperature is 240°F. The boiler steam pressure is 150 psi. Flow 90 gpm at 220 psi pump discharge pressure.
1. SERVICE Fluid flowing though Regulator. 2. INITIAL (INLET) PRESSURE (a) Maximum/Minimum. (b) Superheat, Gravity, etc. (1) Steam Service–Total Temperature or Degrees Superheat, if any.
1. Water 2. (a) 220 psi
(2) Air, Gases, Water and Liquids–Temperature and Specific Gravity.
(b) 240°F 3. (a) 150 psi Boiler Pressure
3. LOADING PRESSURE
(b) Steam
(a) Maximum/Minimum.
4. (a) 200 psi (Loading plus Excess Pressure)
(b) Fluid
(b) Water
4. CONTROLLED PRESSURE (a) Maximum/Minimum.
5. Identical with Controlled Pressure, Item 4
(b) Fluid
6. 90 gpm 7. Flanged, if 21/2" size or larger
5. DELIVERY PRESSURE Maximum/Minimum. 6. CAPACITY Maximum required flow through Regulator. 7. END CONNECTIONS Screwed or Flanged. (If flanged, state drilling.)
SELECTION
OF
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE
OF
REGULATOR
SELECTION
PILOT
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE
See Selection Criteria and Selection Charts opposite.
A. TYPE —See Selection Criteria for Steam, Air, Gases or Water and Liquids in beginning of this Section.
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT
A. Since pressure drop across valve (Initial Pressure minus Delivery Pressure) is greater than 10 psi: SELECT TYPE E
B. SIZE—See applicable Valve Capacity Tables in this Section.
OF
Since Initial Pressure 220 psi, 240°F, Differential (Excess) Pressure 50 psi and the Delivery and Controlled Pressures are the same: SELECT TYPE N
B. For 90 gpm: SELECT 3" See Pilot Selection Chart opposite or individual Product Pages.
C. MATERIAL— See Main Valve Selection Chart in Technical Reference Section or individual Product Pages.
D. ACCESSORIES—See Accessories in Other Products Section.
C. For 220 psi, 240°F: SELECT CAST IRON, FLANGED 250 LB.
For 220 psi, 240°F: SELECT BRONZE
D. For Water Service: Dashpot required.
None required in this case.
ANSWER: 3" SPENCE TYPE EN, CAST IRON BODY, 250 LB FLANGED ENDS, EQUIPPED WITH BRONZE DASHPOT AND BRONZE PILOT BODY. NOTE: Differential Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.
WATER CAPACITY TABLE–FLOW
IN
GALLONS
PER
MINUTE
These flow rates provide a simple method for sizing regulators or water pipes with inlet velocities in the range of 240 to 600 fpm. Spence Regulators have variable seat sizes. The factory will select the proper seat for particular flow and pressure drop. Additional capacity data is available on request. 14
/
3
/8
1
/2
3
/4
1
11/4
11/2
VALVE OR PIPE SIZE 2 21/2 3 Velocity, fpm fpm Velocity,
4
5
6
8
10
12
247
251
255
262
270
277
285
300
315
330
360
390
420
480
540
600
1.3
2.5
4.0
7.3
12
22
30
52
78
127
238
405
630
1250
2210
3490
SELECTING BACK PRESSURE PILOTS Any of the Main Valves described in the Main Valve Section can be combined with any of the Pilots listed below to produce the SPENCE Back Pressure Regulator. Provided the delivery (discharge) pressure is sufficiently below the desired back pressure to operate the Regulator, it will maintain a steady back pressure regardless of fluctuations in the load. The Pilot is guaranteed to shut tight when the back pressure falls below a predetermined
setting. The table below lists the principal Back Pressure Pilots. THE SPENCE BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR IS NOT A SAFETY VALVE AND SHOULD NEVER BE USED AS SUCH. The discharge pressure must always be low enough in relation to the back pressure to provide the required minimum differential listed in the Main Valve Selection Chart in the Technical Reference Section.
BACK PRESSURE REGULATOR PILOTS Type
Service Conditions Cast Iron
Cast Bronzea
Diaphragm
Cast Steel
Main Valve
Delivery Pressure
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Initial TemperInitial TemperInitial TemperPressure ature Pressure ature Pressure ature Minimum Maximum psi °F psi °F psi °F psi psi
Normal Accuracy Diameter inches
Material
±
Q
150
366
150
366
150
366
3
150
1 psi
31/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
Q2
250
450
300
500
600
750
100
400
2 psi
31/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
Q73b
150
366
150
366
150
366
3
150
12
/ psi
31/2-71/4c
St. Stl.
E or C Series
F14
250
450
300
500
600
750
3
150
1 psi
41⁄2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
F13
250
450
300
500
600
750
100
300
2 psi
31⁄2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
F15
250
450
300
500
600
750
2
25
1/2 psi
53⁄4
St. Stl.
E or C Series
F32
250
450
300
500
600
750
200
2000
10 psi
⁄8 piston
St. Stl.
E or C Series
7
Bronze Body Pilots are recommended for water service. Type Q73 is air adjusted, all others are spring loaded. These Pilots have dual diaphragms, the first size being the control diaphragm and the second, the air loading diaphragm.
a
b
c
NOTES
ON
SELECTION
OF
PILOTS
TYPE Q SERIES meet the requirements of the majority of all back pressure problems. They are packless and spring or air loaded. The Type Q Pilot can be furnished for service on refrigerants on special order. TYPE F SERIES have bellows stem seals and separate diaphragm chambers. They are designed for applications where a regulator is required to open on rise in pressure of a fluid other
than that flowing through the regulator. Type F Series Pilots are also recommended for usual back pressure service in the event that long control pipes are unavoidable. In either series of back pressure pilots, a larger Diaphragm will produce closer accuracy of control but with less range in back pressure.
SIZING BACK PRESSURE REGULATORS DATA REQUIRED
FOR
EXAMPLE
ORDERING
(a) Maximum/Minimum.
Select size and type Regulator to pass 9000 lb steam per hour retaining a back pressure of 5 psi and exhausting into a condenser at 6" Hg vacuum. Pilot to be packless, spring loaded and to control the pressure within ±1/2 psi.
(b) Superheat, Gravity, etc.
1. Steam
1. SERVICE Fluid flowing though Regulator. 2. INITIAL (INLET) PRESSURE
(1) Steam Service–Total Temperature or Degrees Superheat, if any.
2. (a) 5 psi
(2) Air, Gases, Water and Liquids–Temperature and Specific Gravity.
3. 6" Hg vacuum
3. DISCHARGE (OUTLET) PRESSURE Maximum/Minimum. 4. CAPACITY Maximum required flow through Regulator.
(b) None (saturated, 228°F total temperature) 4. 9000lb. per hour 5. Flanged, if 21/2" size or larger
5. END CONNECTIONS Screwed or Flanged. (If flanged, state drilling.)
SELECTION
OF
TYPE
AND
SIZE
MAIN VALVE A. TYPE —See Selection Criteria for Steam, Air, Gases or Water and Liquids in beginning of this Section.
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT See Selection Criteria and Selection Charts opposite.
OF
TYPE
AND
MAIN VALVE A. Since Initial Pressure is less than 15 psi and the least pressure drop exceeds “minimum differential”: SELECT TYPE E2
SIZE
OF
REGULATOR
PILOT Since maximum Initial Pressure 5 psi, Total Temperature 228°F, accuracy of control ±1⁄2 psi and Pilot spring loaded: SELECT TYPE F15
B. For 9000 lb. per hour and 5 psi Initial Pressure: SELECT 8" SIZE.
B. SIZE—See applicable Valve Capacity Tables in this Section. C. MATERIAL— See Main Valve Selection Chart in Technical Reference Section or individual Product Pages.
SELECTION
See Pilot Selection Chart opposite or individual Product Pages.
D. ACCESSORIES—See Accessories in Other Products Section.
C. For 5 psi, 228°F: SELECT CAST IRON, FLANGED 125 LB.
For 5 psi, 228°F: SELECT CAST IRON
D. For discharge into vacuum: Condensation Chamber required.
None required in this case.
ANSWER: 8" SPENCE TYPE E2F15, CAST IRON BODY, 125 LB. FLANGED ENDS, EQUIPPED WITH CONDENSATION CHAMBER. NOTE: Back Pressure Regulators should always be protected by properly designed Strainers.
SELECTING PUMP GOVERNOR PILOTS SPENCE Pump Governors are classified in four groups as follows: 1. Constant Pressure Pump Governor which is illustrated by the SPENCE Type EP14 Pump Governor. This Regulator governs the steam supply to a pump, either reciprocating or turbine-driven, and maintains a constant, adjustable pump discharge pressure. 2. Excess Pressure Pump Governor which is illustrated by the SPENCE Type EN Differential Pressure Regulator. Although this Regulator is not a Pump Governor, it is recommended to govern the steam supply to boiler feed pump where it is desired to maintain the pump discharge pressure at a constant, adjustable differential pressure in excess of the boiler steam pressure.
3. Vacuum Pump Governor which is illustrated by the SPENCE Type EF46 Pump Governor. This Regulator governs the steam supply to a vacuum pump and maintains a constant, adjustable vacuum on the pump suction. 4.Differential Control for electric motor-driven centrifugal pumps which is illustrated by the SPENCE Type EN Differential Pressure Regulator. Although this Regulator is not a Pump Governor, it is recommended to maintain a constant, adjustable differential between the feedwater pressure and the boiler steam pressure; i.e., a constant pressure drop across the feedwater regulator. The table below lists the principal Pump Governor Pilots.
PUMP GOVERNOR PILOTS Type
Service Conditions Cast Iron
Cast Bronzea
Diaphragm
Main Valve
Type of Control
Cast Steel
Pump Discharge Pressure Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Initial TemperInitial TemperInitial TemperPressure ature Pressure ature Pressure ature Minimum Maximum psi °F psi °F psi °F psi psi
Diameter inches
Material
P13
250
450
300
500
600
750
100
300
31/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series Constant Pressure
P14
250
450
300
500
600
750
5
150
41/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series Constant Pressure
P15
250
450
300
500
600
750
3
25
53/4
St. Stl.
E or C Series Constant Pressure
P32
250
450
300
500
600
750
200
2000
7 /8 Piston
St. Stl.
E or C Series Constant Pressure
F46
250
450
300
500
600
750
0
30” Hg vac
41/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
Vacuum
N
250
450
300
500
600
500
3b
300b
31/2
St. Stl.
E or C Series
Differentialc
b Bronze Body Pilots are recommended for water service. Regulator discharge pressure For electric motor driven centrifugal pump applications only, differential pressure range 3 to 150 psi
a c
NOTES
ON
SELECTION
OF
PILOTS
P SERIES PILOTS are used for constant pressure control. In this Series a larger Diaphragm will produce closer accuracy of control but with less range in pump discharge pressure. TYPE F46 is a vacuum pump governor Pilot. TYPE N is a differential pressure Pilot which is applied to the discharge of a constant speed centrifugal pump to effect
excess pressure control. The design of the Pilot requires that the delivery pressure (pressure of fluid discharged from Regulator) be controlled at a given differential above some separate source of loading pressure. In typical service, boiler feedwater flows through the Regulator and is delivered at constant excess pressure above the boiler steam pressure.
RATED STEAM CAPACITY TABLE TYPE E MAIN VALVE—FULL PORT VALVE INFO
Pounds of Saturated Steam per Hour PRESSURE-psig INLET REDUCED 20 25
VALVE SIZE (inches) 3
/8
12
/
34
/
1
1
1 /2
2
21/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
1 /4
1
5-0
90
165
370
520
835
1175
1840
2610
4390
6470
10030
14715
26345
41890
66040
10
100
185
350
575
920
1290
2025
2870
4830
7115
11030
16185
28980
46080
72645
5-0
100
190
365
595
955
1345
2105
2985
5025
7400
11475
16835
30140
47930
75560
30
15 10-0
105 115
195 215
380 415
615 675
990 1080
1390 1515
2175 2370
3085 3365
5190 5655
7645 8330
11855 12920
17400 18955
31150 33940
49530 53965
78080 85075
40
25 20 15-0
120 135 140
220 250 260
425 480 505
695 780 825
1115 1250 1320
1565 1760 1850
2450 2755 2900
3475 3905 4115
5850 6570 6920
8615 9680 10195
13355 15005 15805
19600 22020 23195
35085 39425 41530
55790 87950 62690 98830 66035 104105
50
35 30 25 20-0
130 150 160 165
245 275 300 310
470 530 580 600
765 865 945 975
1225 1385 1515 1560
1720 1945 2125 2190
2695 3045 3325 3430
3830 4320 4720 4870
6435 7270 7940 8185
9480 10705 11695 12060
14700 16600 18130 18700
21575 24360 26605 27440
38625 43615 47635 49125
61415 96820 69350 109330 75745 119410 78110 123140
60
45 40 35 30-0
140 160 175 190
265 300 330 350
510 575 630 680
830 940 1030 1105
1330 1505 1650 1770
1865 2115 2320 2490
2925 3310 3630 3895
4150 4700 5155 5530
6975 7905 8665 9300
10280 11645 12765 13700
15935 18055 19790 21240
23385 26495 29045 31170
41865 47435 51995 55805
66570 75425 82680 88735
104945 118905 130345 139885
75
55 50 45 40-0
180 195 210 225
330 365 395 420
640 705 760 805
1045 1150 1235 1315
1670 1840 1980 2105
2350 2585 2785 2955
3675 4045 4360 4630
5215 5740 6185 6570
8775 9655 10405 11050
12925 14220 15325 16275
20040 22050 23760 25230
29405 32355 34865 37025
52645 83710 57930 92110 62420 99255 66285 105400
131970 145215 156475 166160
100
75 60 50-0
225 275 295
420 510 550
810 985 1060
1320 1610 1725
2115 2575 2765
2970 3620 3885
4655 5665 6080
6605 8045 8630
11110 13525 14515
16365 19925 21380
25370 30890 33145
37230 45330 48640
66650 105985 167080 81155 129045 203440 87085 138475 218300
125
100 75 65-0
250 335 360
470 630 670
905 1215 1290
1475 1980 2100
2360 3170 3370
3315 4455 4730
5190 6970 7405
7370 9895 10510
12395 16645 17680
18255 24515 26040
28305 38010 40370
41535 74360 118235 186400 55775 99860 158785 250320 59245 106065 168655 265880
150
125 100 80-0
275 370 425
515 695 790
990 1340 1520
1610 2185 2480
2585 3500 3970
3625 4915 5575
5680 7695 8730
8060 10920 12390
13555 18370 20840
19970 27055 30700
30960 41945 47595
45430 81340 129335 203895 61555 110205 175235 276255 69845 125045 198835 313460
175
150 125 100 95-0
295 405 475 485
555 755 890 910
1065 1455 1715 1750
1740 2370 2790 2855
2785 3800 4475 4575
3915 5335 6285 6425
6130 8355 9835 10055
8695 11860 13960 14275
14625 19945 23480 24005
21545 29375 34585 35360
33405 45545 53625 54820
49020 87765 139555 220005 66835 119660 190270 299960 78690 140880 224015 353155 80450 144030 229015 361045
200
150 125 110-0
435 515 550
810 960 1030
1560 1850 1980
2545 3015 3230
4080 4825 5175
5725 6780 7265
8965 10615 11380
12725 15065 16150
21405 25335 27160
31525 37320 40005
48880 57860 62025
71730 128420 204200 321920 84910 152015 241715 381060 91020 162960 259120 408500
225
175 150 125-0
460 550 615
860 1025 1145
1660 1975 2210
2710 3220 3600
4340 5155 5765
6095 7240 8100
9540 11335 12680
13540 16090 18000
22770 27065 30270
33540 39865 44585
52000 76310 136620 217240 342475 61810 90700 162380 258200 407055 69130 101440 181615 288785 455265
250
200 175 150 140-0
490 580 655 675
910 1085 1220 1265
1755 2095 2350 2435
2860 3410 3830 3970
4585 5465 6135 6360
6440 7675 8615 8930
10080 14305 12020 170601 13490 19145 13985 19845
24060 28690 32200 33380
35440 42255 47435 49165
54945 80630 144355 65515 96145 172130 73540 107920 193210 76230 111860 200270
Based on 10% (2 psi minimum) accuracy of regulation.
229540 273700 307225 318445
361865 431485 484355 502025
RATED STEAM CAPACITY TABLE TYPE E MAIN VALVE—NORMAL PORT VALVE INFO
Pounds of Saturated Steam per Hour PRESSURE-psig INLET REDUCED 20 25
VALVE SIZE (inches) 3
/8
12
/
34
/
1
1
1 /4
1
1 /2
2
21/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
8960
14775
22370
37440
5-0
40
90
285
445
615
865
1045
1425
2550
4630
6825
10
40
100
315
490
680
955
1150
1565
2805
5090
7505
9855
16250
24605
41185
5-0
45
100
325
510
705
990
1195
1630
2920
5295
7805
10250
16905
25595
42835
30
15 10-0
45 50
105 115
335 365
525 575
730 795
1025 1115
1235 1345
1685 1835
3015 3285
5470 5960
8070 8790
10595 11540
17470 19035
26450 28815
44265 48230
40
25 20 15-0
50 60 60
120 135 140
380 425 450
595 665 700
820 925 975
1155 1295 1365
1390 1565 1645
1895 2130 2245
3400 3820 4020
6165 6925 7295
9090 10210 10755
11930 13410 14125
19675 22110 23290
29790 33475 35265
49865 56030 59020
50
35 30 25 20-0
55 65 70 70
130 145 160 165
420 470 515 530
650 735 805 830
905 1020 1115 1150
1270 1435 1565 1615
1530 1730 1890 1945
2090 2360 2575 2655
3740 4225 4615 4755
6785 7660 8370 8630
10005 11295 12340 12725
13135 14835 16200 16705
21660 24460 26715 27550
32795 37035 40445 41710
54890 61985 67695 69810
60
45 40 35 30-0
60 70 75 80
140 160 175 190
455 515 560 605
705 800 880 945
980 111 1220 1305
1375 1560 1710 1835
1660 1880 2060 2210
2265 2565 2810 3015
4055 4595 5035 5405
7355 8335 9135 9805
10845 12285 13470 14455
14240 16130 17685 18980
23480 26600 29160 31295
35545 40275 44150 47385
59495 67410 73895 79305
75
55 50 45 40-0
75 85 90 95
180 195 210 225
570 625 675 715
890 980 1055 1120
1235 1355 1460 1555
1730 1905 2055 2180
2085 2295 2475 2630
2845 3130 3375 3585
5100 5610 6045 6420
9250 10175 10965 11645
13635 15005 16170 17170
17905 19700 21230 22545
29525 32485 35005 37175
44700 49185 53005 56285
74820 82325 88710 94205
100
75 60 50-0
100 120 125
225 275 295
720 875 940
1125 1370 1470
1560 1900 2040
2190 2670 2865
2640 3215 3450
3605 4385 4705
6455 7860 8435
11710 14255 15300
17265 21020 22555
22670 27600 29615
37380 45515 48840
56595 94725 68910 115335 73945 123760
125
100 75 65-0
110 145 155
250 335 360
805 1080 1145
1255 1685 1790
1740 2340 2485
2445 3285 3490
2950 3960 4205
4020 5400 5735
7200 9670 10270
13065 17545 18635
19260 25865 27470
25290 33960 36070
41700 56000 59485
63140 105675 84790 141915 90060 150740
150
125 100 80-0
120 160 185
275 370 420
880 1190 1350
1375 1860 2110
1905 2580 2930
2675 3625 4110
3225 4370 4955
4395 5955 6760
7875 10675 12110
14290 19360 21970
21065 28545 32390
27660 37480 42525
45615 69065 115595 61805 93575 156620 70130 106175 177715
175
150 125 100 95-0
130 175 205 210
295 405 475 485
950 1295 1525 1555
1485 2020 2380 2435
2055 2805 3300 3375
2885 3935 4635 4735
3480 4745 5585 5710
4745 6470 7615 7785
8500 11590 13645 13950
15420 21020 24750 25300
22730 30995 36490 37305
29850 40695 47915 48980
49220 74520 124730 67105 101605 170055 79010 119625 200215 80770 22295 204690
200
150 125 110-0
190 225 240
435 515 550
1390 1645 1760
2170 2570 2755
3010 3560 3815
4225 5000 5360
5090 6025 6460
6940 8215 8810
12435 14720 15780
25560 26708 28630
33260 39375 42210
43675 51700 55420
72020 109040 182510 85250 129075 216035 91390 138370 231595
225
175 150 125-0
200 240 265
460 550 615
1475 1755 1965
2310 2745 3070
3200 3805 4255
4495 5340 5970
5415 6435 7200
7385 8775 9815
13230 15725 17590
24000 28525 31905
35385 42060 47040
46465 76620 116005 194160 55225 91065 137880 230775 61765 101850 154210 258105
250
200 175 150 140-0
210 250 285 295
490 580 655 675
1560 1860 2090 2165
2440 2910 3265 3385
3380 4030 4525 4690
4745 5660 6355 6585
5720 6825 7660 7940
7805 9305 10445 10825
13980 16670 18710 19395
25360 30240 33945 35180
37390 44585 50045 51870
49095 80955 122575 58540 96530 146155 65710 108355 164055 68110 112315 170050
Based on 10% (2 psi minimum) accuracy of regulation.
205155 244625 274585 284615
RATED STEAM CAPACITY TABLE TYPE E2 MAIN VALVE VALVE INFO
Pounds of Saturated Steam per Hour PRESSURE-psig INLET REDUCED
VALVE SIZE (inches) 3
1
1 /2
2
21/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
/4
1
12 10 8 5
150 245 295 345
230 375 455 530
375 605 735 860
545 880 1070 1245
875 1415 1715 2000
1350 2185 2650 3085
1905 3085 3740 4360
2840 4595 5570 6495
4010 6490 7870 9170
5060 8195 9935 11580
9230 14945 18120 21110
14850 24040 29145 33960
22195 35930 43560 50760
2.5
375
575
930
1345
2160
3340
4715
7025
9925
12530
22850
36755
54935
12
9 7 5 2
145 230 280 325
220 355 430 495
355 570 690 805
515 830 1005 1165
825 1330 1610 1870
1275 2060 2490 2890
1800 2910 3515 4080
2680 4330 5235 6075
3785 6115 7395 8585
4780 7720 9340 10835
8715 14080 17030 19760
14020 22650 27390 31785
20955 33855 40940 47510
10
7 5 2 1 “ HG VAC
135 220 280 310
210 340 435 480
340 550 705 775
490 795 1020 1125
790 1275 1635 1805
1220 1970 2525 2795
1725 2780 3565 3945
2570 4145 5315 5875
3630 5855 7505 8295
4580 7390 9475 10475
8355 13475 17280 19095
13440 21670 27795 30720
20090 32395 41545 45915
9
6 4 2 2” HG VAC
135 215 260 300
205 330 400 460
330 535 645 745
480 775 935 1080
775 1245 1500 1730
1195 1925 2320 2675
1685 2715 3275 3780
2510 4045 4880 5625
3550 5715 6890 7950
4480 7215 8700 10035
8170 13160 15865 18300
13140 21165 25515 29435
19645 31640 38140 43995
8
5 3 3.1“ HG VAC
130 210
200 325
325 520
470 755
755 1215
1165 1875
1645 2650
2455 3950
3465 5575
4375 7040
7980 12835
12835 20650
19185 30865
285
440
710
1035
1660
2565
3620
5390
7615
9610
17530
28195
42145
7
4 2 4.3’” HG VAC
125 205 275
195 315 420
315 510 680
460 735 985
735 1185 1585
1140 1830 2450
1605 2580 3460
2395 3845 5150
3380 5435 7275
4270 6860 9185
7785 12505 16750
12520 20120 26945
18715 30070 40275
6
3 1 5.5” HG VAC
125 200 260
190 305 405
310 495 650
445 715 945
720 1150 1515
1110 1780 2340
1565 2510 3305
2330 3740 4925
3295 5285 6955
4160 6675 8780
7585 12170 16010
12200 19575 25755
18235 29255 38495
5
2 0 6.7” HG VAC
120 195 250
185 295 380
300 480 615
435 695 895
700 1120 1435
1080 1730 2215
1525 2440 3130
2270 3635 4660
3205 5135 6485
4045 6480 8310
7380 11820 15155
11870 19010 24380
17740 28415 36440
15
1 /4
1
Based on 1 psi accuracy of regulation. K-Factor is included in the above tabulations.
Size 3
/4
1 11/4 11/2 2 21/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12
E2 Cv Valve Coefficient
∆P Nominal
K Factor
7.6 11.7 18.9 27.4 44 68 96 143 202 255 465 748 1118
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15
0.635 0.785 0.855 0.895 0.915 0.928 0.935 0.937 0.938 0.940 0.940
TYPE E2 MAIN VALVE ONLY Used at such low pressure drops, a 1 psi deviation of reduced pressure at rated capacity is a significant portion of the total drop. It must be accounted for in calculations dealing with a subcritical flow condition. Also, because E2 valve opening, for 1 psi accuracy of regulation, varies with the pressure drop, a regulation factor K is inserted in the formula. Cv=
W 2.1 K
Where
√ ∆P’(P1 +P’2)
K = Factor from accompanying table Cv = Valve coefficient W = Flow, #/Hr. (saturated steam) ∆P’ = ∆P nominal plus 1 psi P1 = Inlet pressure, psia (psi + 14.7) P2 = Reduced pressure, psia (psi + 14.7) P’2 = P2 nominal (set point value) minus 1 psi ∆P = Pressure drop, psi
NOTE: When computing W for safety valve sizing, use K = 1.0
RATED STEAM CAPACITY TABLE TYPE E5 MAIN VALVE—FULL PORT VALVE INFO
Pounds of Saturated Steam per Hour PRESSURE-psig INLET REDUCED
VALVE SIZE (inches) 3
/4
1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12 60708 82453 95592
20
15 10 5.4
286 389 451
441 599 694
712 967 1121
1033 1402 1626
1620 2201 2551
2525 3429 3976
3580 4862 5637
5992 8138 9435
9722 13205 15309
13189 17914 20768
25059 34036 39459
38361 52103 60405
25
20 15 10 8.3
308 420 496 516
474 647 764 794
766 1046 1234 1283
1110 1516 1788 1860
1742 2379 2807 2919
2714 3707 4373 4548
3848 5256 6201 6449
6440 8796 10378 10794
10450 14273 16839 17515
14176 19363 22844 23760
26935 36789 43404 45145
41232 65251 56318 89124 66444 105149 69109 109366
30
25 20 15 11.2
328 450 533 581
505 692 821 894
815 1118 1326 1445
1182 1621 1922 2094
1855 2544 3017 3287
2890 3965 4700 5121
4098 5622 6665 7262
6859 9409 11154 12153
11130 15267 18100 19721
15099 20711 24554 26753
28688 39351 46652 50831
43916 69498 60239 95329 71417 113018 77813 123140
40
35 30 25 17
365 503 601 711
561 775 925 1094
907 1251 1494 1768
1315 1814 2165 2563
2063 2847 3398 4022
3215 4436 5295 6267
4558 6290 7507 8886
7629 10527 12565 14872
12379 17082 20388 24133
16793 23173 27658 32738
31906 44029 52550 62202
48843 77295 67400 106662 80445 127305 95221 150688
50
45 40 35 22.8
398 551 661 841
613 849 1018 1294
990 1371 1644 2091
1435 1988 2384 3031
2252 3120 3741 4757
3509 4862 5828 7413
4976 6894 8264 10511
8327 11538 13832 17591
13512 18722 22444 28544
18331 25397 30447 38723
34829 53317 84374 48255 73870 116901 57849 88558 140144 73574 112628 178236
75
70 65 60 37.3
471 657 793 1166
726 1011 1220 1795
1172 1634 1971 2899
1699 2368 2857 4203
2667 3717 4484 6596
4155 5791 6987 10277
5891 8211 9907 14572
9860 13743 16581 24389
15999 22300 26905 39574
21704 41238 63128 99902 30251 57477 87988 139242 36499 69349 106161 168001 53685 102002 156148 247106
100
95 90 85 51.8
535 748 905 1491
823 1151 1393 2295
1329 1859 2251 3707
1927 2695 3263 5374
3025 4230 5121 8434
4713 6590 7979 13141
6683 9345 11314 18633
11184 15640 18935 31186
18148 25378 30725 50603
24620 46778 71608 113321 34428 65412 100135 158465 41682 79195 121234 191855 68648 130431 199667 315977
125
120 115 110 90 66.3
591 828 1005 1476 1816
910 1275 1547 2272 1751
1470 2060 2500 3671 191
2131 2987 3624 5322 7874
3345 4687 5687 8352 12019
5212 7303 8861 13013 19297
7390 10355 12564 18451 27890
12368 17331 21028 30882 43660
20069 28121 34120 50110 67921
27225 51727 79185 38149 72484 110960 46287 87946 134630 67979 129159 197720 96226 160923 261002
125312 175596 213055 312896 354004
150
145 140 135 110 80.8
643 902 1096 1717 2140
990 1389 1687 2644 2075
1598 2243 2726 4270 191
2317 3252 3951 6191 8545
3637 5103 6201 9716 13051
5667 7952 9662 15138 20965
8035 11275 13700 21465 30308
13448 18871 22930 35925 47454
21820 29601 56243 86098 30620 41539 78924 120819 37207 50475 95902 146809 58293 79080 150252 230010 73834 104610 174955 283770
136251 191198 232328 363994 384891
175
170 165 160 125 95.3
691 970 1180 2048 2465
1063 1493 1817 3153 2400
1717 2412 2934 5094 191
2490 3497 4254 7384 9165
3907 5488 6676 11589 14007
6088 8552 10402 18057 22508
8632 12125 14750 25603 32545
14447 20294 24686 42851 50966
23442 31801 60422 92495 146375 32930 44672 84877 129932 205619 40057 54340 103247 158053 250121 69532 94327 179221 274356 434172 79306 112368 187941 304841 413476
200
195 185 150 109.8
735 1258 2198 2790
1132 1937 3384 4296
1828 3129 5467 6939
2651 4537 7925 10060
4160 7119 12437 15787
6481 11093 19379 24598
9190 15729 27477 34878
15381 26325 45989 58375
24958 33858 64330 98478 155843 42716 57949 110102 168548 266729 74623 101233 192342 294443 465960 94721 128498 244146 373745 591458
250
245 235 200 138.8
817 1402 2471 3440
1258 2158 3804 5296
2032 3486 6145 8555
2946 5054 8908 12402
4624 7932 13980 19463
7205 12359 21784 30327
10215 17524 30887 43001
17098 27743 37636 71508 29330 47592 64563 122670 51695 83883 113795 216210 71969 116780 158423 301004
Based on 10% (2 psi minimum) accuracy of regulation.
109467 187786 330979 460784
173233 297174 523780 729198
RATED STEAM CAPACITY TABLE TYPE E5 MAIN VALVE—NORMAL PORT VALVE INFO
Pounds of Saturated Steam per Hour PRESSURE-psig INLET REDUCED
VALVE SIZE (inches) 3
/4
1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
20
15 10 5.4
215 292 338
377 512 593
505 686 795
746 1013 1175
942 1280 1483
1319 1791 2077
2223 3020 3501
4522 6142 7120
6632 9008 10443
8592 11669 13529
12662 17197 19937
19784 26870 31152
35874 48725 56489
25
20 15 10 8.3
231 315 372 387
405 553 653 679
543 741 875 910
802 1095 1292 1344
1013 1383 1632 1697
1418 1936 2284 2376
2390 3264 3851 4005
4860 6639 7832 8146
7129 9737 11487 11948
9235 12613 14881 15478
13609 18588 21930 22810
21264 29044 34266 35641
38559 52667 62136 64628
30
25 20 15 11.2
246 337 400 436
431 592 702 764
578 793 940 1024
854 1172 1389 1513
1078 1479 1754 1911
1510 2071 2455 2675
2545 3491 4139 4510
5177 7101 8418 9172
7593 10415 12347 13453
9836 13492 15995 17428
14495 19882 23572 25683
22648 31066 36831 40129
41069 56333 66786 72768
40
35 30 25 17
273 377 450 533
480 662 790 935
643 887 1059 1253
950 1311 1565 1852
1199 1655 1976 2338
1679 2317 2766 3274
2831 3906 4662 5519
5758 7945 9483 11224
8444 11653 13908 16463
10939 15095 18017 21326
16121 22246 26552 31428
25189 34759 41487 49107
45676 63030 75229 89047
50
45 40 35 22.8
299 414 496 631
524 726 870 1106
702 972 1166 1483
1037 1437 1722 2191
1309 1814 2175 2766
1833 2540 3045 3872
3090 4281 5133 6528
6285 8708 10439 13276
9218 12771 15311 19472
11941 16545 19834 25225
17598 24382 29229 37174
27496 49860 38096 69081 45671 82816 58084 105326
75
70 65 60 37.3
353 493 594 874
620 864 1043 1534
831 1158 1397 2055
1228 1711 2065 3037
1550 2161 2607 3835
2170 3025 3650 5369
3659 5100 6153 9050
7441 10372 12514 18406
10914 15212 18354 26996
14139 19707 23777 34972
20836 29041 35039 51538
32556 59036 45377 82284 54749 99278 80528 146024
100
95 90 85 51.8
401 561 679 1118
703 984 1191 1961
943 1318 1596 2628
1393 1948 2358 3884
1759 2459 2977 4903
2462 3443 4168 6865
4150 5803 7026 11572
8441 11804 14291 23536
12380 17312 20960 34520
16038 22427 27153 44719
23635 36930 66966 33050 51641 93643 40014 62523 113374 65902 102972 186722
125
120 115 110 90 66.3
443 621 754 1107 1362
778 1090 1322 1942 1313
1042 1461 1772 2603 143
1540 2158 2619 3846 4465
1945 2725 3306 4856 7725
2722 3815 4629 6798 10303
4589 6431 7803 11459 15155
9334 13080 15870 23307 19098
13690 19184 23276 34184 26679
17735 24852 30153 44283 44875
26136 40837 74051 36623 57224 103766 44436 69431 125902 65259 101968 184902 91124 133581 173006
150
145 140 135 110 80.8
482 676 822 1288 1605
846 1187 1442 2259 1557
1133 1590 1932 3028 143
1675 2350 2855 4474 4842
2114 2967 3605 5649 8387
2960 4154 5047 7908 11190
4990 7002 8509 13331 16466
10149 14242 17306 27113 20752
14885 20888 25382 39766 28996
19283 27060 32881 51515 48780
28417 44402 80516 39877 62308 112986 48456 75712 137291 75917 118620 215098 99066 145230 188097
175
170 165 160 125 95.3
518 728 885 1536 1849
909 1276 1553 2695 1800
1218 1710 2080 3611 143
1799 2527 3074 5336 5191
2271 3191 3881 6738 8999
3180 4467 5434 9433 12010
5361 7530 9160 15901 17678
10903 15316 18631 32341 22284
15991 22464 27325 47433 31140
20716 30529 47701 86499 29101 42885 67008 121508 35399 52167 81510 147806 61447 90554 141490 256568 52394 106417 156011 202063
200
195 185 150 109.8
551 944 1649 2093
967 1656 2892 3671
1296 2219 3876 4920
1915 3278 5727 7269
2418 4139 7231 9178
3386 5795 10123 12850
5707 9768 17065 21661
11608 19868 34708 44056
17026 29140 50906 64616
22056 32504 50787 92093 37749 55631 86923 157620 65946 97183 151849 275353 83707 123358 192747 349514
250
245 235 200 138.8
613 1051 1853 2580
1075 1845 3251 4526
1441 2472 4357 6065
2129 3652 6438 8962
2688 4612 8128 11316
3764 6456 11379 15842
6344 10883 19183 26706
12904 22136 39015 54316
18926 24517 36131 56454 32466 42058 61980 96844 57222 74129 109243 170692 79664 103201 152086 237634
Based on 10% (2 psi minimum) accuracy of regulation.
102370 175611 309521 430910
RATED STEAM CAPACITY TABLE TYPE C20 MAIN VALVE AVAILABLE ON SPECIAL ORDER ONLY – CONSULT FACTORY
Pounds of Saturated Steam per Hour PRESSURE-psig INLET REDUCED
VALVE SIZE (inches) 1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
25
5-0
510
950
1360
2035
3190
4685
7805
12625
16970
29600
47520
73520
30
10-0
575
1070
1530
2295
3595
5275
8790
14215
19110
33325
53505
82780
40
20 15-0
665 700
1245 1310
1775 1870
2665 2805
4175 4395
6125 6455
10210 10755
16515 17400
22200 23385
38715 40780
62160 96170 65475 101300
50
30 25 20-0
735 805 830
1375 1500 1550
1965 2145 2215
2945 3220 3320
4615 5040 5200
6780 7405 7635
11295 12340 12725
18270 19955 20580
24555 26820 27660
42830 46775 48240
68760 106385 75100 116190 77445 119820
60
40 35 30-0
800 880 945
1495 1640 1760
2135 2340 2515
3205 3515 3770
5020 5505 5905
7370 8080 8670
12285 13470 14455
19870 21785 23375
26710 29280 31420
46580 51060 54800
74780 115700 81980 126830 87980 136115
75
55 50 45 40-0
890 980 1055 1120
1660 1825 1970 2090
2370 2610 2810 2985
3555 3915 4220 4480
5575 6130 6610 7015
8180 9000 9700 10300
13635 15005 16170 17170
22055 24270 26150 27770
29645 32620 35150 37325
51695 83000 56885 91330 61295 98415 65090 104505
100
75 60 50-0
1125 1370 1470
2100 2560 2745
3000 3655 3925
4505 5485 5885
7055 8590 9220
10360 12610 13535
17265 21020 22555
27920 34000 36480
37530 45695 49035
65450 105080 162575 79695 127950 197955 85515 137295 212415
125
100 75 65-0
1255 1685 1790
2345 3150 3345
3350 4500 4780
5025 6745 7165
7870 10570 11230
1555 15520 16485
19260 25865 27470
31150 41835 44435
41870 73020 117230 181375 56225 98060 157435 243575 59720 104155 167220 258715
150
125 100 80-0
1375 1860 2110
2565 3475 3945
3665 4965 5635
5495 7445 8450
8610 11665 13235
12640 17125 19435
21065 28545 32390
34075 46165 52385
45800 79875 128235 198400 62050 108220 173745 268810 70410 122795 197145 305015
175
150 125 100 95-0
1485 2020 2380 2435
2765 3775 4440 4540
3955 5390 6345 6490
5930 8085 9520 9730
9290 12665 14915 15245
13640 18595 21895 22385
22730 30995 36490 37305
36765 50130 59020 60335
49415 86185 138310 214075 67375 117505 188655 291875 79325 138345 222110 343640 81095 141435 227070 351310
200
150 125 110-0
2170 2570 2755
4050 4795 5140
5785 6845 7340
8675 10270 11010
13595 16090 17250
19955 23625 25325
33260 39375 42210
53800 63680 68265
72310 126105 202465 313245 85595 149275 239660 370790 91755 160025 256920 397490
225
175 150 125-0
2310 2745 3070
4310 5120 5725
6155 7315 8180
9230 10970 12270
14460 17190 19225
21230 25235 28225
35385 42060 47040
57235 76925 134160 215395 333245 68025 91430 159455 256010 396080 76080 102260 178340 286330 442995
250
200 175 150 140-0
2440 2910 3265 3385
4550 5425 6090 6315
6505 7755 8705 9020
9755 11630 13055 13530
15280 18220 20455 21200
22435 26750 30025 31125
37390 44585 50045 51870
60475 81280 141755 72110 96920 169025 80940 108790 189730 83895 112765 196660
Based on 10% (2 psi minimum) accuracy of regulation.
227590 271375 304615 315740
128410 141300 152260 161685
352115 419855 471280 488495
RATED WATER CAPACITY CHART TYPE C34 PILOT OPERATED MAIN VALVE (Specific Gravity of 1)
VALVE INFO
200
PRESSURE DROP – PSI
90 80 70 60 50 40
30
20
10
20
30
40
50
60
80
100
200
300
400
600
800
1000
1500
FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
VALVE SIZE SELECTION
EXAMPLE
Prior to selecting valve size, the maximum required flow and the pressure drop across the valve must be determined. Enter the Capacity Chart at the maximum required flow GPM and follow vertically to the intersection of the horizontal pressure drop line. The valve size nearest to, but to the right of this intersection is the smallest valve that will satisfy the flow requirements. The vertical portion of the curves indicate the flow at which approximately 15 feet per second velocity is reached. By selecting the next larger size valve, a lower velocity may be maintained. For general service, 8 to 10 feet per second is recommended.
Required maximum flow is 100 GPM, Inlet Pressure is 60 psi, Delivery Pressure is 35 psi (Pressure drop is 25 psi). Enter the Capacity Chart at the 100 GPM line and follow up to 25 psi pressure drop. It falls to the right of the 11/2" valve size line, therefore 2" is the minimum valve size required.
RATED WATER CAPACITY CHART TYPE N6 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE VALVE VALVE INFO
(Specific Gravity of 1) 34
/"
11/4"
1"
11/2"
2"
100 90 80 21/2"
70 60
PRESSURE DROP – PSI
50
40
30
20
10 15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
150
200
250
300
400
FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
RATED WATER CAPACITY TABLE TYPE D34 VALVE Water in GPM PRESSURE
VALVE INFO
VALVE SIZE (inches) 14
12
DROP–psig
1
1/
1/
2
21/2
3
4
5
6
5 10 15 20 30 50 75 100 125 150 175
7.4 10 13 15 18 23 29 33 37 40 44
17 24 29 33 41 53 65 75 84 92 100
23 33 40 47 51 74 90 104 116 127 138
32 45 55 64 79 102 125 144 161 176 190
48 68 84 97 118 153 187 216 241 265 285
71 101 124 143 175 226 277 320 358 392 423
116 164 201 233 285 368 450 520 581 637 688
188 266 325 376 460 594 727 840 939 1029 1111
263 373 457 528 646 834 1022 1180 1320 1445 1560
500
SIZING D36 WATER PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
EXAMPLE
When sizing a water valve, the following points should be considered:
SPECIFIED CONDITIONS Initial Pressure Reduced No Flow Pressure Capacity Required Allowable Droop
(a) The recommended velocity in the pipe (8-10 ft./sec.) (b) The droop which is the fall-off pressure below the no flow pressure setting.
100 PSIG 50 PSIG (lock-up pressure) 30 GPM 10-15 PSIG
1. Enter Capacities vs. Droop Chart, below, at 30 GPM. Move up until you intersect a curve line (possibly more than one curve). e.g. points (a), (b)…etc.
FLOW VS. VELOCITY CHART (Specific Gravity of 1)
The lowest point indicates the minimum size valve required (3/4") at a droop of approximately 16 psi.
500 400
2" 200
11/2"
FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE
= = = =
11/4" 100 80
1"
60
3
/4"
40
1
/2"
20
2. Enter Flow vs. Velocity Chart (left) at 30 GPM and move up until you reach the 3/4" pipe size curve. Move downward and note that the velocity is approximately 18.5 ft./sec., which is unacceptably high. At the point of intersection of 30 GPM with the next valve curve (1"), the velocity will be approximately 11 ft./sec., which is closer to the recommended value. Referring back to the Capacities vs. Droop Chart, you will find that the droop for a 1" valve is only 11 psig, which is also more acceptable. SELECT A 1" TYPE D36
10 8
NOTE: The capacities shown in the Capacities vs. Droop Chart are based on a difference of 50 psig or more between the initial pressure and the regulator lock-up pressure. Where this difference is less than 50 psig, deduct 20% from the capacity obtained.
SCHEDULE 40 PIPE SIZE
6 4
2
0 5
10
15
20
25
VELOCITY FT./SEC. VALVE INFO
CAPACITIES VS. DROOP CHART 0
DROOP PSIG
5 10
b
15
a
20
/"
/"
1 2
10
20
3 4
30
40
11/4"
1"
50
60
70 80 90 100 GALLONS PER MINUTE
11/2"
110
120
130
2"
140
150
160
170
RATED STEAM, AIR AND WATER CAPACITY TABLE TYPE D50 DIRECT ACTING PRESSURE REGULATOR VALVE SIZE CV PSI
1
IN 10 20 30 40 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 250 60 75 85 100 125 150 175 200 250 85 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 110 125 150 200 225 250 135 150 175 200 225 250 160 175 200 225 250
A 14 23 35 29 43 72 98 105 145 170 195 240 38 63 77 96 125 155 180 205 260 44 72 110 140 170 200 225 250 65 105 155 235 275 310 70 115 165 210 255 295 105 145 195 240 280
OUT S 5 41 10 68 10 100 87 130 200 255 30 315 370 425 480 595 115 190 230 280 50 340 405 465 525 650 130 215 325 75 405 465 525 585 650 190 310 460 100 675 755 830 210 340 500 125 635 755 830 315 425 140 580 710 835
/2" 2.2
S — Steam (#/hr.) A — Air (SCFM) W — Water (GPM)
3 " /4 3.3
W 3 4.2 5.9 4.2 5.9 8.8 11 13 15 16 17 20 4.6 7.2 8.5 10 12 14 16 18 20 4.6 7.2 10 12 14 16 18 19 6 9 13 19 21 23 5.9 9.3 13 16 19 21 8.3 11 14 17 19
S 59 97 145 125 185 290 370 450 530 615 695 855 165 275 335 410 500 590 675 765 945 190 315 470 590 675 765 855 945 310 500 745 1095 1220 1350 340 550 810 1030 1230 1350 510 690 940 1150 1350
A 20 33 50 42 63 105 140 175 210 245 280 350 55 92 110 140 185 225 265 305 380 64 105 160 205 245 290 330 370 105 170 250 385 445 505 115 185 270 345 410 475 170 230 315 385 455
W 4.2 6.0 8.5 6.0 8.5 13 16 19 21 23 25 28 6.6 10 12 15 18 21 23 26 30 6.6 10 15 18 21 23 26 28 9 15 21 30 34 37 9.5 15 21 26 30 34 13 18 23 28 31
S 80 130 195 170 250 390 495 605 715 825 930 1150 250 420 510 625 760 895 1030 1170 1440 290 480 720 895 1030 1170 1300 1440 380 620 920 1350 1510 1670 420 680 995 1270 1510 1670 630 855 1160 1420 1670
1"
11/4"
4.9
5.0
A 27 44 67 57 84 140 190 240 285 330 375 470 85 140 170 215 280 340 400 460 580 98 160 240 310 375 440 500 560 125 210 310 475 550 620 140 225 335 425 505 585 210 285 390 475 560
W 5.7 3.1 11 8.1 11 17 21 25 28 31 33 38 10 16 19 23 28 32 36 39 45 10 16 23 28 32 36 39 42 12 19 26 37 41 45 12 19 26 32 37 41 17 22 29 34 39
S 91 150 220 190 285 440 565 690 810 935 1060 1305 260 430 525 645 785 925 1065 1205 1485 300 495 740 925 1065 1205 1345 1485 400 655 970 1430 1590 1760 440 715 1050 1340 1500 1760 665 900 1220 1500 1760
A 30 50 76 64 95 160 215 270 325 375 430 535 87 145 175 220 290 350 415 475 595 100 165 250 320 390 455 515 580 135 220 325 500 580 655 150 240 350 450 535 615 225 300 410 505 590
11/2" 10.1 W 6.5 9.2 13 9 13 19 24 28 32 35 38 43 10 17 20 23 29 33 37 40 47 10 17 23 29 33 37 40 44 12 20 28 39 44 48 12 20 28 34 39 44 17 23 30 36 41
S 105 170 250 250 375 580 740 900 1065 1230 1390 1710 355 585 715 875 1070 1260 1450 1640 2020 410 675 1010 1260 1450 1640 1830 2020 465 755 1120 1650 1840 2030
A 35 57 87 85 125 210 285 355 425 495 560 700 120 195 240 300 390 480 565 650 815 140 225 340 440 530 620 705 790 155 255 375 575 665 760
VALVE INFO
2” 10.8 W 7.4 10 15 12 17 25 32 37 42 46 50 56 14 23 27 32 39 45 50 55 65 14 23 32 39 45 50 55 60 14 23 32 45 50 55
S 120 230 290 265 395 610 780 950 1120 1290 1460 1800 395 655 800 1000 1190 1400 1620 1830 2260 455 750 1130 1400 1620 1830 2040 2250 515 840 1250 1830 2040 2250
A 40 77 100 89 130 220 295 375 445 520 590 735 130 220 270 335 435 535 630 720 905 155 250 380 485 590 685 785 880 170 280 415 640 740 840
W 8.5 14 17 13 18 27 33 39 44 48 52 60 16 25 30 35 43 50 56 61 71 16 25 35 43 50 56 61 66 16 25 35 50 56 61
SIZING D50 DIRECT ACTING PRESSURE REGULATOR EXAMPLE 1 FOR CONDITIONS
WITHIN
EXAMPLE 2 FOR CONDITIONS
CAPACITY TABLE
Given an initial steam pressure of 100 PSIG and a required flow of 500 #/hr. at a reduced pressure of 30 PSIG, determine droop, minimum controllable flow pressure and valve size. In the Capacity Table opposite, the droop has been fixed at 25% of the maximum range of the adjusting spring. Therefore, for a 30 PSIG delivery pressure, a 25-80 adjusting spring would be selected. Thus, the droop is (25% x 80 = 20) 20 PSI. Minimum controllable flow pressure = Reduced Pressure + Droop = 30 + 20 = 50 PSIG Entering the Capacity Table at a minimum controllable flow pressure (OUT) of 50 PSIG, an initial pressure (IN) of 100 PSIG, the smallest valve size capable of delivering 500 #/hr. is the 1" size.
Given an initial steam pressure of 150 psig and a required flow of 900 #/hr. at a reduced pressure of 25 PSIG, determine the valve size, droop and minimum controllable flow pressure. P2 = (25 + 14.7) = 39.7 = .24 thus P = .24P < .58P 2 1 1 P1 (150 + 14.7) 164.7 Therefore, use Critical Flow Cv formula: W = 900 900 Cv = = = 3.2 1.71P1 1.71 (150 + 14.7) 1.71 (164.7) Referring to the Cv line of the Capacity Table opposite, the 3/4" valve size (Cv = 3.3) is the smallest valve with the required capacity. Droop is a function of valve size (3/4"), regulator capacity in percent [(3.2 ÷ 3.3) x 100 = 97%] and adjusting spring range (10-30). Enter the 3/4" Valve Droop Chart (below) at 97% and draw a line upward until you intersect the 10-30 curve. From there , draw a line left to the vertical axis. Droop in this case is 11 PSIG. Minimum Controllable Flow Pressure = Reduced Pressure + Droop = 25 + 11 = 36 PSIG Repeating the above procedure substituting a 1" valve size with a maximum Cv of 4.9, droop would be 8 PSIG and minimum controllable flow pressure would be 33 PSIG.
12
34
/ " VALVE DROOP CHART
/ " VALVE DROOP CHART
0
0
5
3-15
10
DROOP, PSIG
DROOP, PSIG
CAPACITY TABLE
OUTSIDE
10-30
15 25-80
25
3-15
5
10-30
10 15 25-80
25
75-140 35 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
REGULATOR CAPACITY IN PERCENT
REGULATOR CAPACITY IN PERCENT
1" & 11/4" VALVE DROOP CHART
11/2" & 2" VALVE DROOP CHART
0
100
0
5
3-15
10
DROOP, PSIG
DROOP, PSIG
75-140
35 0
10-30
15 25-80
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
3-15 10 10-40
15 25
75-140
35
5
30-100
35 60
70
80
REGULATOR CAPACITY IN PERCENT
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
REGULATOR CAPACITY IN PERCENT
90
100
