Regional Conference on Sustainable Urban Transport SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN MILAN: THE POLLUTION CHARGE CASE Edoardo Croci Damascus, 11-13 April 2010
Milan: a city in trasformation
Milan basic data Area: 181.76 km² Inhabitants: 1.308.000 Population density: 7,192 inhab./km² GDP per capita: 43.000 €
Population
Milan Municipality 1.308.000 Province of Milan 3.756.000 Metropolitan area 8.300.000
Lombardy Region 9.509.100
Urban transformation areas
17.000 km2 among which: •deindustrialized areas •former railway areas •former military areas
Urban transformation areas
THE NEW TRADE FAIR Surface area: 2,000,000 m2 Exhibition area: 530,000 m2
GARIBALDI-REPUBBLICA Surface area: 110,485 m2 Designer: Cesar Pelli, Studio PEI COB
Designer: Massimiliano Fuksas
Urban transformation areas
SANTA GIULIA Surface area: 1,200,000 m2 Designer: Norman Foster
CITY LIFE Surface area: 225,000 m2 Designers: Zaha Hadid, Arata Isozaki, Daniel Libeskind e Pier Paolo Maggiora
AIR QUALITY
SO2 concentrations (ARPA, 2010)
Milano: Serie storica delle concentrazioni medie mensili di SO2 2000
1800
1600
1400
(µg/m³)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0 gen-57
gen-60
gen-63
gen-66
gen-69
gen-72
gen-75
gen-78
gen-81
gen-84
gen-87
gen-90
gen-93
gen-96
gen-99
gen-02
gen-05
gen-08
CO concentrations (ARPA, 2010)
Milano: serie storica delle concentrazioni medie mensili di CO 13 12 11 10 9
mg/m3
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 gen-88
gen-90
gen-92
gen-94
gen-96
gen-98
gen-00
gen-02
gen-04
gen-06
gen-08
gen-10
PM10 concentrations (ARPA, 2010)
Milano: serie storica delle concentrazioni medie mensili di particolato 300 275 250 225 200
(µg/m³)
175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 jan 77
jan 79
jan 81
jan 83
jan 85
jan 87
jan 89
jan 91
jan 93
jan 95
jan 97
jan 99
jan 01
jan 03
jan 05
jan 07
jan-09
O3 concentrations (ARPA, 2010)
Concentrazione di O3 a Milano: media mensile dal 1980 100
90
80
70
µg/m³
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 gen-80
gen-82
gen-84
gen-86
gen-88
gen-90
gen-92
gen-94
gen-96
gen-98
gen-00
gen-02
gen-04
gen-06
gen-08
gen-10
PM10 emissions inventory (AMAT, 2006)
Mobility in Milan
Daily trips • 5.061.000
daily
trips
Trips between Milan and the Metropolitan Area
50,3 %
49,7%%
Trips within Milan
• More than 1 million people enter Milan each day • Roughly 250.000 people go out of Milan each day • During working hours population reaches 2.000.000
Modal split
Trips between Milan and Metropolitan Area (people only) 0% 0% 33%
67%
PUBLIC TRANSPORT CARS AND MOTORS BIKE
BYCICLES
PEDESTRIAN
Modal split
Trips within Milan (people only)
24% 35%
5% 36%
PUBLIC TRANSPORT CARS AND MOTORS BIKE
BYCICLES
PEDESTRIAN
Milan - Transport System network Railway:
8 lines (“S” lines)
Length:
282 km
3 lines (M1 – M2 –
Length:
75,5 km
19 urban lines
Length:
187 km
2 suburban lines
Length:
24,4 km
4 urban lines
Length:
40,8 km
58 urban lines
Length:
464 km
46 suburban lines
Length:
492 km
METROPOLITAN NETWORK
Metro: M3)
Tramway:
Trolley bus:
Bus:
Total: 140 lines
1565,7 km
Metro and railway network in 2015
Milan population density (inhabitants per km2)
Milan strategy for mobility and the environment
Sustainable mobility
Milan adopted a strategy for sustainable mobility, health and environment with the aim of improving environmental conditions, health and quality of life for people living and working in the Milan area.
Integrated strategy for sustainable mobility
Strategic goals 1. Congestion reduction 2. Air quality improvement 3. Road safety improvement Means 1. Promotion of sustainable mobility (walking, cycling, public transport, “clean” cars) 2. Passenger cars, public transport and freight vehicles renovation 3. Disincentivation of use of most polluting vehicles 4. Adoption of innovative technologies 5. Public information
Integrated strategy for sustainable mobility
Supply side actions 1. Extension of Public Transport underground and surface network 2. Improvement of Public Transport service (frequency, regularity, comfort, information, emissions, etc.) 3. Introduction of new Public Transport flexible systems: on-demand buses, car sharing, bike sharing, etc. 4. Tariff simplification/integration and electronic ticketing 5. Extension of public transport dedicated lanes, bike lanes and pedestrian areas 6. New interchange parking lots 7. Electric car recharge infrastructure and experimentation 8. Road safety infrastructures
Integrated strategy for sustainable mobility
Demand side actions • Regulation of goods distribution • Mobility management (incentives to use public transport for workers, families, etc.) • Application of intelligent transport and traffic management systems • Extension of parking regulation • Road pricing: Pollution Charge - ECOPASS
Ecopass
Ecopass is a daily entrance charge (7.30 am – 7.30 pm working days) to access the city center by passenger and freight vehicles. Differently from a “congestion charge”, Ecopass is a “pollution charge”, proportional to PM10 tail emissions of vehicles. The charge is coherent with the “polluter pays principle” and with Italian traffic laws. The system entered in force on 1 January 2008 for a 1 year experimentation period and was prorogated for year 2009 and year 2010.
Ecopass area
Ecopass is a “cordon toll”. The area was defined on the basis of: • high congestion • easy access control and escape • high level of public transport service 8.2 km2 (4.5% of city surface) Residents: 77,000 (6%) toll entrance gates: 43
Exhaust PM10 emission factors are taken from EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook with reference to the COPERT methodology for road transport.
111111112222222222333333344444444444555555555555555555
Ecopass vehicle classification
merci diesel > 16 t pre-E merci diesel 7.5 - 16 t pre-E merci diesel > 16 t E I merci diesel 7.5 - 16 t E I merci diesel 3.5 - 7.5 t pre-E merci diesel 7.5 - 16 t E II merci leggeri diesel pre-E auto diesel pre-E merci diesel 3.5 - 7.5 t E I merci diesel > 16 t E II merci diesel 7.5 - 16 t E III merci diesel > 16 t E III merci diesel 3.5 - 7.5 t E II merci diesel 3.5 - 7.5 t E III merci leggeri diesel E II merci leggeri diesel E I auto diesel E II auto diesel E I auto diesel E III merci leggeri diesel E III auto diesel E IV merci diesel 7.5 - 16 t E IV merci leggeri benzina pre-E merci leggeri diesel E IV auto benzina pre-E 16 t E IV auto benzina pre-E >2.0 l auto benzina pre-E 1.4-2.0 l merci diesel 3.5 - 7.5 t E IV auto benzina E I >2.0 l merci diesel 7.5 - 16 t E IV+FAP merci diesel > 16 t E IV+FAP merci leggeri benzina E I auto benzina E I 1.4-2.0 l merci diesel 3.5-7.5 t E IV+FAP auto benzina E I 2.0 l auto benzina E II 1.4-2.0 l merci leggeri benzina E II auto benzina E II 2.0 l merci leggeri diesel E IV+FAP merci leggeri benzina E IIII - IV auto benzina E III-IV 1.4-2.0 l auto benzina E III-IV
