Recycled Aggregates a Swiss perspective Prof. Dr. G. Habert Chair of sustainable construction
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC, Paris
|
21.07.2014
|
1
Why using recycled aggregates in Switzerland ?
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
2
Why using recycled aggregates in Switzerland ?
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
3
Why using recycled aggregates in Switzerland ?
Material flow of building materials in the city of Zurich
Energy
Office buildings
Sewage
Residential buildings
Water
Office buildings
Rail
Residential buildings
Street
Other Bitumen Sand and gravel Bricks Concrete
Small demand for infrastructure higher needs for buildings
Sce:Platzhalter GugerliLogo/Schriftzug etFolienmaster: al. 2009. Ressourcenstrategie. Bauwerk Stadt Zürich. Materialflüsse und Energiebedarf bis 2050. (Anpassung im Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster») Stadt Zürich Amt für Hochbau
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
4
Demolition Material (1000 m3)
Material consumption (1000 m3)
Why using recycled aggregates in Switzerland ?
Small demand for infrastructure higher needs for buildings Needs for buildings will be as high as the demolition waste produced and natural resources becomes exhausted Sce:Platzhalter S. Rubli Logo/Schriftzug et al. 2012. Modelierung Bau-, Rückbau- und Aushubmaterialflüsse: Überregionale (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» der «Folienmaster») Betrachtung. Kanton Zürich, Amt für Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft (AWEL)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
5
How this scarcity of resources is measured ?
During his life (70 years) one European consummes (in kg): 109
14 13 12 1,6 0,68 0,36
Sand and gravel Oil Iron Salt Clay Aluminium Copper Lead
561
Sce:Platzhalter MineralLogo/Schriftzug info (http://www.mineralinfo.org) (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
6
Curent method
How this scarcity of resources is measured ?
During his life (70 years) one European consumes (in kg): 109
14 13 12 1,6 0,68 0,36
Sand and gravel Oil Iron Salt Clay Aluminium Copper Lead
561
conclusion Fuels and steel can be assessed as depleted resources (global resources), but not sand and gravel Sce:Platzhalter MineralLogo/Schriftzug info (http://www.mineralinfo.org) (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster») Sce : UNEP. 2007. Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production.
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
7
New method
How this scarcity of resources is measured ? Assessment of competition with respect to land use between the built environment and quarries
Quarries Urban area
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
10
New method
How this scarcity of resources is measured ?
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =
𝑆𝑆𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 � 𝑆𝑆𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑆𝑆𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2
Indicators show the competition between urban areas and quarries.:
Sce: Ioannidou al. submitted. Land-cover based indicator for resource accessibility assessment. (Anpassung imet Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster») Resources, Conservation and recycling. Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug
-
Relative pressure on resource availability between the cantons
-
Displays the dynamics of each canton
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
11
With these detailed studies of the flow of resources we can show how important it is to save resources in some cantons
And now how do we build with a reduced material footprint ?
Sce: Ioannidou al. submitted. Land-cover based indicator for resource accessibility assessment. (Anpassung imet Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster») Resources, Conservation and recycling. Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
12
Raw materials Recycled concrete aggregates
RC - C
Mixed demolition aggregates
RC - M
General information for Recycling concrete – It is used since 10 year in new constructions – Depending on the exposure class RC-M (concrete from mixed demolition granulates) can also be used. Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
13
Recommendations
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
14
Labels
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
15
Labels
Recycled concrete with Minergie Eco - Recycled concrete is concrete with aggregates containing at least 25% concrete or mixed demolition granulates. - Minergie Eco: requires that at least 50% of all building elements which can be produced from recycled concrete are using it. - If no usable recycled concrete is situated within a radius of 25 km around the construction site, these requirements will not be applicable. - Use of recycled concrete with a higher percentage of aggregates (at least 40%) can get one extra point - Use of recycled gravel as filler material replacement, for foundations, etc. can also get one extra point - Use of concrete type CEM II / B and CEM III for concrete for normal load allows one extra point.
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
16
Definition of a recycled concrete in Minergie Eco RC - Structural concrete INT-designed concrete: content of the components Rc (concrete agg.) + Rb (mixed agg.) is at least 40%, counted after SN 670902-11 NA. Recycling (RC) - filling, envelope and blinding concrete RC concrete by composition (filling, envelope and blinding concrete, etc.): minimum content of the components Rc (concrete agg.) + Rb (mixed agg.) is 80%, counted after SN 670902-11 NA.
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
17
CO2 vs. Resources
Use of recycled aggregates in concrete induces an increased cement consumption to achieve the same strength as conventional concrete.
The additional CO2 (from the extra cement consumption) can be compensated by a shorter transport.
Sce: Marinković al., 2014.Menü Life«Ansicht» cycle assessment (LCA) of concrete made using recycled concrete or natural aggregates (Anpassung im et Folienmaster: «Folienmaster») In: Eco-Efficient Construction and Building Materials, 239-266 Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
18
Applications Tram stop at Limmatplatz Self-supporting roof made from recycled concrete
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
|
|
School «Im Birch»
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug Stadt Zürich (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Folienmaster») Amt«Ansicht» für Hochbauten
Year of construction : Costs: Share of RC-Beton: Remarks:
2002 CHF 65 Mio. 80% Built in ground water Bauen wir die 2000-Watt-Gesellschaft Prestressed gym ceiling-
G. Habert
|
|
Housings «Werdwies»
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug Stadt Zürich (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Folienmaster») Amt«Ansicht» für Hochbauten
Year of construction : Costs: Share of RC-Beton: Remarks:
2002 CHF 70 Mio. 75% Earthquake resistant concrete with mixed demolition agg.
|
|
Housings «Brunnenhof»
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug Stadt Zürich (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Folienmaster») Amt«Ansicht» für Hochbauten
Year of construction : Costs: Share of RC-Beton: Remarks:
2007 CHF 38 Mio. 90% Minergie –Eco |
|
School at «Hirzenbach»
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug Stadt Zürich (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Folienmaster») Amt«Ansicht» für Hochbauten
Year of construction : Costs: Share of RC-Beton: Remarks:
2007 CHF 19 Mio. 95% Dyed concrete |
|
School at «Leutschenbach»
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug Stadt Zürich (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Folienmaster») Amt«Ansicht» für Hochbauten
Year of construction : Costs: Share of RC-Beton: Remarks:
2009 CHF 57 Mio. 95% Light Recycled concrete 35/38 (ceiling)
|
|
Reasons for this success
Dismantling and disposal concept for quality assurance in decommissioning Quality assurance of the building owner in the use of RC concrete Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
25
Careful deconstruction
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
26
Careful deconstruction
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
27
Careful deconstruction
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
28
Careful deconstruction
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
29
Careful deconstruction
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
30
Careful deconstruction
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
31
Next steps: -
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Carbonation of aggregates Recycling of fine particles in cement
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
32
Carbonation of recycled aggregates
To combine both, CO2 reduction and resource conservation, it might be possible to carbonate aggregates before they are used again for recycled aggregate concrete.
Carbonation of the resulting waste from the dismantling requires 50 kg of CO2 per tonne of concrete
Sce: Thiery et al. 2013. Carbonation kinetics of a bed recycled concrete aggregates: (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster») a laboratory study on model materials. Cement and concrete research, 46, 50-65. Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
33
Carbonation of recycled aggregates
8% 7%
Beginning of casting
5% 4%
End of mixing
Absorption (%) (%) Absorption
6%
3% 2% 1% 0% 10
100
1000
10000
100000
Time (s)
Delayed absorption modify the fresh properties of concrete
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Sce: Habert et al. 2012. Improvement of recycled concrete aggregates properties by carbonation. WASCON, Göteborg
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
34
Carbonation of recycled aggregates
3,5%
Between mixing and casting absorption rate (%)
3,0% non-carbonated RCA 2,5% Natural aggregate 2,0%
1,5%
1,0%
0,5%
0,0% 0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
24 hours absorption (-)
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Sce: Habert et al. 2012. Improvement of recycled concrete aggregates properties by carbonation. WASCON, Göteborg
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
35
Carbonation of recycled aggregates
8% 7%
Absorption (%)
6% 5% 4%
The RCA samples are stored in a carbonation chamber CO2 concentration = 10% Relative humidity = 53 +/- 5% T=20°C until mass stabilisation.
3% 2% 1% 0% 10
100
1000
10000
100000
Tim e (s)
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Sce: Habert et al. 2012. Improvement of recycled concrete aggregates properties by carbonation. WASCON, Göteborg
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
36
Carbonation of recycled aggregates 3,5%
Between mixing and casting absorption rate (%)
3,0% non-carbonated RCA RCA non-carbonated Natural aggregate Natural aggregate Carbonated RCA
2,5%
2,0%
1,5%
1,0%
0,5%
0,0% 0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
24 hours absorption (-)
Carbonation allow to provide recycled concrete aggregate With similar absorption properties than natural aggregates Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
Sce: Habert et al. 2012. Improvement of recycled concrete aggregates properties by carbonation. WASCON, Göteborg
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
37
Recycling of fines for clinker manufacturing
In Japan: fines are recycled in cement factories to replace limestone and obtain a CO2-free raw material for clinker.
Sce: Shima et al. 2005. An advanced concrete recycling technology and its applicability assessment (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster») Through Input-Output analysis. Journal of Advanced Concrete technology, 3, 53-67. Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug
Recycling concrete into concrete | ENPC | G. Habert
|
21.07.2014
|
38
Recycling of fines for clinker manufacturing
In the future: Recycled aggregates in new concrete + Recycled fines in cement
The concrete industry can be seen as a circular economy with low CO2 emissions and resource consumption
Platzhalter Logo/Schriftzug (Anpassung im Folienmaster: Menü «Ansicht» «Folienmaster»)
|
21.07.2014
|
39
Thank you for your attention
((Vorname 21.07.2014 Nachname)) 40
