READING LIST – March 2014 QUALIFYING EXAM – CRIMINOLOGY I. Theoretical Readings General: Akers, Ronald L. and Christine S. Sellers. 2012. Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation and Application. Sixth Edition. Los Angeles: Roxbury. Cullen, Francis and Robert Agnew, Editors. 2014. Criminological Theory: Past to Present. 5th Edition. Los Angeles: Oxford University Press. Kubrin, Charis E., Thomas D. Stucky and Marvin D. Krohn. 2009. Researching Theories of Crime and Deviance. Oxford University Press. Bernard, Thomas J. ,Jeffrey B. Snipes and Alexander Gerould. 2009. Vold’s Theoretical Criminology. Sixth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press. Kornhouser, Ruth. 1978. Social Sources of Delinquency: An Appraisal of Analytic Models. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Paternoster, Raymond and Ronet Bachman (eds.), 2001. Explaining Criminals and Crime: Essays in Contemporary Criminological Theory. Los Angeles: Roxbury. Classical/Deterrence/Rational Choice: Cornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. G. (1986). The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. Gibbs, J. (1975). Crime, Punishment, and Deterrence. New York, NY: Elsevier. Nagin, Daniel S. 1998. “Criminal Deterrence Research at the Outset of the Twenty-First Century.” Crime and Justice: A Review of Research 23: 1-42. Paternoster, Raymond and Greg Pogarsky. 2009. “Rational Choice, Agency and Thoughtfully Reflective Decision Making: The Short and Long-Term Consequences of Making Good Choices.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 25:103-127. Paternoster, Ray. 2010. “How Much Do We Really Know about Criminal Deterrence?” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 100:3-767-803. Cohen, Lawrence E. and Marcus Felson. 1979. “Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activities Approach.” American Sociological Review 44: 588-608. Osgood, Wayne D. Janet K. Wilson, Jerald G. Bachman, Patrick M. O’Malley, and Lloyd D. Johnston. 1996. “Routine Activities and Individual Deviant Behavior.” American 1

Sociological Review, 61: 635-655. Piliavin, I., Gartner, R., Thornton, C., & Matsueda. R. L. (1986). Crime, deterrence, and rational choice. American Sociological Review, 51(1), 101-19. Anomie/Strain: Merton, Robert K. 1938. “Social Structure and Anomie.” American Sociological Review 3:672-682. Agnew, Robert. 1992. “Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency.” Criminology 30: 47-87. Agnew, Robert. 1999. “A General Strain Theory of Community Differences in Crime Rates.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 36: 123-155. Agnew, Robert (2006) Pressured Into Crime: An Overview of General Strain Theory. Los Angeles: Roxbury Press. Agnew, Robert. 2006. “General Strain Theory: Current Status and Directions for Further Research.” Pp. 101-123 in Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins (eds.), Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory—Advances in Criminological Theory, Volume 15. New Brunswick, NJ: Transactions Publishers.

Messner, Steven F., Helmut Thome, and Richard Rosenfeld. 2008. “Clarifying and Elaborating Institutional Anomie Theory.” International Journal of Conflict and Violence 2: 163-181. Messner, Steven and Richard Rosenfeld. 2007. Crime and the American Dream. Fourth Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Cloward, Richard and Lloyd Ohlin. 1960. Delinquency and Opportunity. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Cohen, Albert K. 1955. Delinquent Boys. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Durkheim, Emile. 1951. Suicide. New York: The Free Press.

Social Control and Self-Control: Agnew, Robert. 1993. “Why Do They Do It? An Examination of the Intervening Mechanisms between Social Control Variables and Delinquency.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30:245-66. Hirschi. Travis. 1969. Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 2

Gottfredson, Michael R. and Travis Hirschi. 1990. A General Theory of Crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Gottfredson, Michael R. and Travis Hirschi (2003) “Self-Control and Opportunity.” Pp. 5-19 in Chester L. Britt and Michael R. Gottfredson (eds.), Control Theories of Crime and Delinquency: Advances in Criminological Theory, Vol. 12. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.. Kempf, Kimberly L. (1993) “The Empirical Status of Hirschi's Control Theory.” Pp. 143-185 in Freda Adler and William S. Laufer (eds.), New Directions in Criminological Theory: Advances in Criminological Theory, Volume 4. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Matza, David. 1964. Delinquency and Drift. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. (focus on chapter 2) Pratt, Travis C. and Francis Cullen. 2000. “The Empirical Status of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime.” Criminology 38: 931-964. Social Learning and Sub-Cultural: Akers, Ronald. 1998. Social Learning and Social Structure: A General Theory of Crime and Deviance. Boston: Northeastern University Press. Anderson, Elijah. (1999). Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York, NY: W.W. Norton. Matsueda, Ross L. 1982. Testing Control and Differential Association: A Causal Modeling Approach. American Sociological Review 47:489-504. Warr, Mark and Mark Stafford. 1991. “The Influence of Delinquent Peers: What They Think or What They Do?” Criminology 29:851-66. Sutherland, Edwin H. and D.R. Cressey. 1978. Criminology. Tenth Edition. Philadelphia: Pratt, T. C., Cullen, F. T., Sellers, C. S., Winfree, L. T., Madensen, T., Daigle, L., Fearn, N. E., & Gau, J. M. (2010). The empirical status of social learning theory: A meta-analysis. Justice Quarterly, 27(6), 765-802.

Topalli, Volkan. 2005. “When Being Good is Bad: An Expansion of Neutralization Theory.” Criminology 43: 797-835. Wolfgang, Marvin E. and Franco Ferracuti. 1967. The Subculture of Violence: Toward an Integrated Theory in Criminology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Ecological /Social Disorganization: 3

Shaw, Clifford and McKay, Henry D. 1969. Delinquency in Urban Areas. Revised Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bursik, Robert J. Jr. and Harold G. Grasmick. 1993. Neighborhoods and Crime. New York: Lexington Books. Kubrin, C. E., & Weitzer, R. (2003). New directions in social disorganization theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40(4), 374-402. Sampson, Robert J. and W. Bryon Groves. 1989. “Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social Disorganization Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 94: 774-802. Sampson, Robert J., Stephen W. Raudenbush, and Felton Earls. 1997. “Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy.” Science 277: 918-924. Sampson, Robert J. 2006. “How Does Community Context Matter? Social Mechanisms and the Explanation of Crime Rates.” Pp. 31-60 in P.H. Wikström and R.J. Sampson (eds.), The Explanation of Crime: Context, Mechanisms, and Development. New York: Cambridge University Press. Sampson, Robert. 2012. Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Interactionist, Labeling, Social Construction of Crime/Deviance: Braithwaite, John. 1989. Crime, Shame, and Reintegration. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Conrad, Peter and J.W. Schneider. 1992. Deviance and Medicalization: From Badness to Sickness. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Heimer, Karen and Ross Matsueda. 1994. “Role-taking, Role Commitment, and Delinquency: A Theory of Differential Social Control.” American Sociological Review 59:365-390. Lemert, Edwin M. 1967. Human Deviance, Social Problems, and Social Control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Matsueda, R. L. (1992). Reflected appraisals, parental labeling, and delinquency: Specifying a symbolic interactionist theory. American Journal of Sociology , 97(6), 15771611. Paternoster, R., & Iovanni, L. A. (1989). The labeling perspective and delinquency: An elaboration of the theory and an assessment of the evidence. Justice Quarterly, 6(3), 359-394. 4

Conflict/Critical/Marxist: Colvin, Mark. 2000. “Crime and Coercion: An Integrated Approach to Chronic Criminality.” Chapter 25 in Cullen, Francis T. and Robert Agnew (Eds.), Criminological Theory: Past to Present. Oxford University Press. Quinney, Richard. 1970. The Social Reality of Crime. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Greenberg, David F. 1993. “The Gendering of Crime in Marxist Theory.” In Crime and Capitalism: Readings in Marxist Criminology, pp. 405-442, Edited by David F. Greenberg. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Meier, Robert F. 1976. “The New Criminology: Continuity in Criminological Theory.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 67: 461-469. Bernard, Thomas J. 1981. “The Distinction Between Conflict and Radical Criminology.” Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 72: 362-379. Hagan, John. 1994. Crime and Disrepute. Thousand Oaks, CA.: Pine Forge Press.

Feminist and Gender Theorizing: Adler, Freda. 1975. Sisters in Crime: The Rise of the New Female Criminal. New York: McGraw-Hill. Daly, Kathleen and Meda Chesney-Lind. 1988. “Feminism and Criminology.” Justice Quarterly 5: 497-535. Heimer, Karen. 2000. “Changes in the Gender Gap in Crime and Women’s Economic Marginalization.” Criminal Justice 2000: The Changing Nature of Crime, Volume 1. Edited by G. LaFree, R. J. Bursik, Jr., J. F. Short, Jr., R. B. Taylor, and R. J. Sampson. Washington DC: National Institute of Justice. (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/criminal_justice2000/vol1_2000.html) Heimer, Karen and Stacy De Coster. 1999. “The Gendering of Violent Delinquency.” Criminology 37: 277-318. Miller, Jody and Christopher W. Mullins. 2006. “The Status of Feminist Theories in Criminology.” In Francis T. Cullen, John Paul Wright, and Kristie R. Blevins (eds.), Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory—Advances in Criminological Theory—Volume 15. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Messerschmidt, James W. 1993. Masculinities and Crime. Lantham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. 5

Hagan, John Hagan, A. R. Gillis and John Simpson. 1988. “The Class Structure of Gender and Delinquency: Toward a Power-Control Theory of Common Delinquent Behavior.” American Journal of Sociology 90: 1151-1178. Integrated Theories: Colvin, Mark, Francis T. Cullen, and Thomas Vander Ven. 2002. “Coercion, Social Support, and Crime: An Emerging Theoretical Consensus.” Criminology 40:19-42. Hirschi, Travis. 1979. Separate and unequal is better. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 16. Messner, Steven F., Marvin D. Krohn, and Allen E. Liska. 1989. Theoretical Integration in the Study of Deviance and Crime: Problems and Prospects. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Tittle, Charles R. 2004. “Refining Control Balance Theory.” Theoretical Criminology 8:395428.

II.

Research in Crime and Delinquency:

General Readings: Wilson, James Q. and Joan Petersilia, Editors. 2002. Crime: Public Policies for Crime Control. Oakland, CA: Institute for Contemporary Studies.

Gender: Chesney-Lind, Meda and Lisa Pasko. 2004. The Female Offender: Girls, Women, and Crime. Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Gagne, Patricia. 1996. “Identity, Strategy, and Feminist Politics: Clemency for Battered Women Who Kill.” Social Problems 43: 77-93 Felson, Richard B. 2002. Violence & Gender Reexamined. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Heimer, Karen. 2013. Gender and Crime. Annual Review of Sociology 39: 291-308. Lauritsen, Janet L., Karen Heimer, and James P. Lynch. 2009. “Trends in the Gender Gap in Violent Offending: New Evidence from the National Crime Victimization Survey.” Criminology 47:361-400. Schwartz, Jennifer, Darrell Steffensmeier, Hua Zhing, and Jeff Ackerman. 2009. “Trends in the Gender Gap in Violence: Reevaluating NCVS and Other Evidence. Criminology 47:401426. 6

Simpson, Sally S. and Lori Elis. 1995. “Doing Gender: Sorting Out the Caste and Crime Conundrum.” Criminology 33:47-81.

Time Trends/Extent of Crime: Cook, Philip J. and John H. Laub. 1998. “The Unprecedented Epidemic in Youth Violence.” In: Michael Tonry and Mark H. Moore (eds.), Youth Violence. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Vol. 24. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 24-64. Anderson, Mark, Joanne Kaufman, Thomas R. Simon, Lisa Barrios, Len Paulozzi, George Ryan, Rodney Hammond, William Modzeleski, Thomas Feucht, Lloyd Potter, and the SAVD Study Group. 2001. “School-Associated Violent Deaths in the United States, 1994-1999.” Journal of the American Medical Association 286: 2695-2702. LaFree, Gary. 1999. “Declining Violent Crime Rates in the 1990s: Predicting Crime Booms and Busts.” Annual Review of Sociology 25: 145-168. Blumstein, Alfred and Joel Wallman, Editors. 2000. The Crime Drop in America. New York: Cambridge University Press. Ousey, Graham C. and Charis E. Kubrin. 2009. “Exploring the Connection between Immigration and Violent Crime Rates in U.S. Cities, 1980-2000.” Social Problems 56: 447473. Zimring, Franklin E. 2007. The Great American Crime Decline. New York: Oxford University Press.

Social Class: Antonaccio, Olena, Charles R. Tittle, Ekaterina Botchkovar, and Maria Kranidiotis. 2010. “The Correlates of Crime and Deviance: Additional Evidence.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 47: 297-328. Tittle, Charles and Robert Meier. 1990. “Specifying the SES/Delinquency Relationship.” Criminology 28: 183-206. Wright, Bradley R. Entner, et. al. 1999. “Reconsidering the Relationship Between SES and Delinquency: Causation But Not Correlation.” Criminology 37: 175-194. Tittle, Charles, Wayne Villemez, and Douglas Smith. 1978. “The Myth of Social Class and Criminality.” American Sociological Review 43: 643-656. Braithwaite, John. 1981. “The Myth of Social Class and Criminality Reconsidered.” American Sociological Review 46: 36-57. 7

Heimer, Karen. 1997. “Socioeconomic Status, Subcultural Definitions, and Violent Delinquency.” Social Forces 75: 799-833. Dunaway, R. Gregory, Francis T. Cullen, Velmer S. Burton, and T. David Evans. 2000. “The Myth of Social Class and Crime Revisited: An Examination of Class and Adult Crime.”Criminology 38: 589-632. Race, Ethnicity and Immigration: Hindelang, Michael J. 1978. “Race and Involvement in Common Law Personal Crimes.” American Sociological Review 43: 93-109

Martinez, Ramiro Jr. 2002. Latino Homicide: Immigration, Violence, and Community. New York: Routledge. Martinez, Ramiro Jr. and Matthew T. Lee. 2000. “Immigration and Crime.” Criminal Justice 2000: The Changing Nature of Crime, Volume 1. Edited by G. LaFree, R. J. Bursik, Jr., J. F. Short, Jr., R. B. Taylor, and R. J. Sampson. Washington DC: National Institute of Justice. () Martinez, Ramiro Jr. and Jacob I. Stowell. 2012. “Extending Immigration and Crime Studies: National Implications and Local Settings.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Volume 641 (1), 174 – 192. Krivo, Lauren J. and Ruth D. Peterson. 2000. “The Structural Context of Homicide: Accounting for Racial Differences in Process.” American Sociological Review 65: 547-559. Kubrin, Chariz, Marjorie S. Zatz, and Ramiro Martínez, Jr (Editors). 2012. Punishing Immigrants: Policy, Politics, and Injustice. New York University Press. Ousey, Graham C. 1999. “Homicide, Structural Factors, and the Racial Invariance Assumption.” Criminology 37: 405-426. Krivo, Lauren J., Ruth D. Peterson, and Danielle Kuhn. 2009. “Segregation, Racial Structure, and Neighborhood Violent Crime.” American Journal of Sociology 114: 17651802. Petterson, Ruth D. and Lauren J. Krivo. 2005. “Macrostructural Analyses of Race, Ethnicity, and Violent Crime: Recent Lessons and New Directions for Research.” Annual Review of Sociology, 31: 331-356. Sampson, Robert J. and William Julius Wilson. 1995. “Toward a Theory of Race, Crime, and Urban Inequality.” Pp. 37-54 in J. Hagan and R. D. Peterson (Editors), Crime and Inequality. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 8

Wright, Bradley R. Entner and C. Wesley Younts. 2009. “Reconsidering the Relationship between Race and Crime.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 46: 327-352. Age and Lifecourse Issues: Hirschi, Travis and Michael Gottfredson. 1983. “Age and the Explanation of Crime.” American Journal of Sociology 89: 552-584. Farrington, David. 1986. “Age and Crime.” Pp. 189-250 in Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research. Volume 7. Edited by M. Tonry and N. Morris. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Wolfgang, Marvin, Robert M. Figlio, and Thorsten Sellin. 1972. Delinquency in a Birth Cohort. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Giordano, Peggy C., Stephen A. Cernkovich, and Jennifer Rudolph. 2002. “Gender, Crime, and Desistance: Toward a Theory of Cognitive Transformation .” American Journal of Sociology 107:990-1064. Sampson, Robert J. and John H. Laub. 1993. Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Sampson, Robert J., and John H. Laub. 2005. “Seductions of Method: Rejoinder to Nagin and Tremblay’s Developmental Trajectory Groups: Fact or Fiction?” Criminology 43:905-913. Laub, John H. and Robert J. Sampson. 2003. Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives: Delinquent Boys to Age 70. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Biological/Psychological Factors: McGloin, Jean, Travis Pratt, and Jeff Maahs. 2004. “Rethinking the IQ-Delinquency Relationship: A Longitudinal Analysis of Multiple Theoretical Models. Justice Quarterly 21:603-635. Moffitt, Terrie 1997. “Adolescence-Limited and Life-Course-Persistent Offending: A Complementary Pair of Development Theories.” Ch. 1 in Developmental Theories of Crime and Delinquency, edited by T. Thornberry. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Simons, Ronald, Man Kit Lei, Steven Beach, Gene Brody, Robert Philibert, and Frederick Gibbons. 2011. “Social Environment, Genes, and Aggression: Evidence Supporting the Differential Susceptibility Perspective.” American Sociological Review 76:883-912. Unnever, James D., Francis T. Cullen, and Travis C. Pratt. 2003. “Parental Management, ADHD, and Delinquent Involvement: Reassessing Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory.” Justice Quarterly 20:471-500. 9

Raine, Adrian. 1993. The Psychopathology of Crime: Criminal Behavior as a Clinical Disorder. San Diego, CA: Academic. Walsh A. and Beaver K., ed. 2009. Biosocial criminology: New directions and research. New York, Routledge/Taylor and Francis Group. Ogilvie, James M., Anna L. Stewart, Raymond K. Chan, and David H. Shum. 2011. Neuropsychological Measures of Executive Function and Antisocial Behavior: A MetaAnalysis. Criminology 49: 1063-1107.

Criminal Justice: Kochel, Tammy Rinehart, David B. Wilson, and Stephen Mastrofski. 2011. Effect of Suspect Race on Officers’ Arrest Decisions. Criminology 49: 473-512. Engen, Rodney L. and Sara Steen. 2000. “The Power to Punish: Discretion and Sentencing Reform in the War on Drugs.” American Journal of Sociology 105(5):1357-95. Hay, Carter and Michelle M. Evans. 2006. “Has Roe v. Wade Reduced U.S. Crime Rates? Examining the Link Between Mothers’ Pregnancy Intentions and Childrens’ Later Involvement in Law-Violating Behavior.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 43: 36-66. Jacobs, David and Aubrey L. Jackson. 2010. On the Politics of Imprisonments: A Review of Systematic Findings. Annual Review of Law and Social Science 6: 129-149. Miethe, Terance D., Jodi Olson, and Ojmarrh Mitchell. 2006. “Specialization and Persistence in the Arrest Histories of Sex Offenders: A Comparative Analysis of Alternative Measures and Offense Types.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 43: 204-229. Spelman, W. (2000). What recent studies do (and don’t) tell us about imprisonment and crime. Pp. 419-494 in M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Volume 27. Chicago:University of Chicago Press. Sykes, Gresham M. 1958. Society of Captives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Steffensmeier, Darrell and Stephen DeMuth. 2000. “Ethnicity and Sentencing Outcomes in U.S. Federal Courts: Who is Punished More Harshly?” American Sociological Review 65: 705-729. Platt, Anthony M. 1969. The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Petit, Becky and Bruce Western. 2004. “Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course.” American Sociological Review, 69: 151-169. 10

Petersilia, Joan. 2003. When Prisoners come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. New York: Oxford University Press. Stults, Brian J. and Eric P. Baumer. 2007. “Racial Context and Police Force Size: Evaluating the Empirical Validity of the Minority Threat Perspective.” American Journal of Sociology 113: 507-546. Uggen, Christopher, Angela Behrens, and Jeff Manza. 2005. “Criminal Disenfranchisement.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 1: 307-322. Crime and Economic Factors: Hagan, John and Ruth D. Peterson, Editors. 1995. Crime and Inequality. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Blau, Judith R. and Peter M. Blau. 1982. “The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime Rates.” American Sociological Review 47: 114-129. Hipp, John R. 2007. “Income Inequality, Race, and Place: Does the Distribution of Race and Class within Neighborhoods Affect Crime Rates?” Criminology 45: 665-698. Crutchfield, Robert D. 1989. “Labor Stratification and Violent Crime.” Social Forces 68: 489-512. Paternoster Raymond and Shawn D. Bushway. 2001. “Theoretical and Empirical Work on the Relationship Between Unemployment and Crime.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 17: 391 – 407. Sampson, Robert. 1987. “Urban Black Violence, The Effect of Male Joblessness and Family Disruption.” American Journal of Sociology 93: 348-382. Shihadeh, Edward S. and Graham C. Ousey. 1998. “Industrial Restructuring and Violence: The Link between Entry-Level Jobs, Economic Deprivation, and Black and White Homicide.” Social Forces 77: 185-206.

Delinquency and the Family: Hay, Carter. 2001. “Parenting, Self-Control, and Delinquency: A Test of Self-Control Theory.” Criminology, 39: 707-736. Rankin, Joseph H. and L. Edward Wells (1990) “The Effect of Parental Attachments and Direct Controls on Delinquency.” Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency 27 (May):140-165. Rebellon, Cesar J. 2002. “Reconsidering the Broken Homes/Delinquency Relationship and Exploring its Mediating Mechanisms.” Criminology 40: 103-136. 11

Wright, John Paul and Francis Cullen. 2001. “Parental Efficacy and Delinquent Behavior: Do Control and Support Matter.” Criminology 39:3:677-706.

Drugs and Alcohol: Blumstein, Alfred. 1995. “Youth Violence, Guns, and the Illicit Drug Industry.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86: 10-36. Felson, Richard B., Brent Teasdale, and Keri B. Burchfield. 2008. “The Influence of Being under the Influence: Alcohol Effects on Adolescent Violence.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 45: 119-141. Parker, Robert Nash and Kevin J. McCaffree. 2013. Alcohol and Violence: The Nature of the Relationship and the Promise of Prevention. New York: Lexington Books. Goldstein, Paul. 1985. “The Drugs/Violence Nexus: A Tripartite Conceptual Framework.” Journal of Drug Issues 15: 493-506. Musto, David M. 1999. The American Disease. Third Edition. New York: Oxford University Press. White, Helene Raskin and D.M. Gorman. 2000. “Dynamics of the Drug-Crime Relationship.” Criminal Justice 2000: The Changing Nature of Crime, Volume 1. Edited by G. LaFree, R. J. Bursik, Jr., J. F. Short, Jr., R. B. Taylor, and R. J. Sampson. Washington DC: National Institute of Justice. (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/criminal_justice2000/vol1_2000.html).

Measurement and Methodological Issues: Gove, Walter R., Michael Hughes, and Michael Geerken. 1985. “Are Uniform Crime Reports a Valid Indicator of Index Crimes: An Affirmative Answer with Minor Qualifications.” Criminology 23: 451-501. Land, Kenneth, Patricia L. McCall, and Lawrence E. Cohen. 1990. “Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: Are there any Invariances across Time and Social Space.” American Journal of Sociology 95:922-963. Gottfredson, Michael and Travis Hirschi. 1987. “The Methodological Adequacy of Longitudinal Research on Crime.” Criminology 25: 581-614. Hindelang, Michael, Travis Hirschi, Joseph G. Weis. 1978. Measuring Delinquency. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Hipp, John R. 2007. “Block, Tract, and Levels of Aggregation: Neighborhood Structure and Crime and Disorder as a Case in Point.” American Sociological Review 72: 659-680. 12

Lauritsen, Janet L. 2005. “Social and Scientific Influences on the Measurement of Criminal Victimization.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 21: 245-266. Elliott, Delbert S. and Suzanne Ageton. 1980. “Reconciling Race and Class Differences in Self-Reported and Official Estimates of Delinquency.” American Sociological Review 45: 95-110. Mosher, Clayton, Terance Miethe and Dretha Phillips. 2002. The Mismeasurement of Crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Sampson, Robert. 2008. “Moving to Inequality: Neighborhood Effects and Experiments Meet Social Structure.” American Journal of Sociology 141:189-231.

Gangs: Hughes, Lorine and James F.Short. 2005. “Disputes InvolvingYouth Street Gang Members: Micro-Social Contexts.” Criminology 43:43-76. Klein, Malcolm. 1995. The American Street Gang. New York: Oxford University Press. Miller, Jody. 2001. One of the Guys: Girls Gangs, and Gender. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Thrasher, Frederick. 1927. The Gang. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. White-Collar Crime: Sutherland, Edwin H. 1983. White Collar Crime: The Uncut Version. New Haven: Yale University Press Lee, Matthew T. and M. David Ermann. 1999. “Pinto Madness as a Flawed Landmark Narrative: An Organizational and Network Analysis.” Social Problems 46: 30-47. Sally S. Simpson and David Weisburd (Eds.). 2009. The Criminology of White-Collar Crime. New York: Springer.

Simpson, Sally S. 2013. White-Collar Crime: A Review of Recent Developments and Promising Directions for Future Research. Annual Review of Sociology 39: 309-331. Rosoff, Stephen M., Henry N. Pontell, and Robert Tillman. 1998. “Computer Crime: Hackers, Phreaks, and Cyberpunks.” Pp. 365-396 in Profit Without Honor: White-Collar Crime and the Looting of America. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

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