5 August, 2014 Our Ref RQ704

Re: SkyPath – Lighting Design Report Light Works is an independent lighting design practice. Since its establishment in 1998 Light Works has been involved with many high profile projects such as The Sky Metro Centre (formally The Force Entertainment Centre), Botany Town Centre, Britomart, Sovereign House, Westfield’s Albany, Sky Tower floodlighting, Queens Wharf and The Cloud and Queens Wharf, AUT WG Precinct and ASB’s new HQ North Wharf to name a few. As independent lighting designers we are not aligned to any particular manufacturer or supplier. This allows us to achieve the best possible result for our clients.

Lighting Design Considerations We started the design process for the SkyPath considering some basic issues as follows: 1. Performance •

Is there enough light to meet the current codes of practice for pathways

2. Safety and Security •

Will users feel safe and will the lighting deter crime

3. Prestige •

Will the lighting enhance the Auckland experience

Performance The lighting concept has been developed to meet a minimum of P3 of the current New Zealand code of practice for the Lighting of Roads and Public Spaces (AS/NZ1158). In reality if the lighting is at 100% the calculated light levels are average of around 50 Lux and a minimum of 10 lux. This is well above category P1 in AS/NZS1158 which stipulates an average of 7 lux and a minimum of 2 lux. We have built this additional lighting performance into the design so that dimming and colour mixing can be used and good light levels can still be achieved.

Safety and Security The SkyPath lighting concept uses lighting techniques to enhance vertical surfaces. This means that the bridge will be highly visible and people using the bridge will be able to see each other well. It’s a well known fact that good lighting prevents crime. The lighting concept uses technology with low power consumption and extra long life so that the lighting can be used for prolonged periods if required. Ninety percent of all the base lighting fixtures are accessible for maintenance if required. This reduces maintenance cost but also reduces down time if fittings fail.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

Prestige When the Skypath lighting is on it will appear bright and safe to enter. When viewed from outside the whole structure will look transparent like a long lantern attached to the bridge. The concept uses the latest technology where every fixture can work independently or together as one. This flexibility means that dynamic colour and movement can change Skypath into a nocturnal spectacle. The concept can sense people and use their movement to determine the lighting effect. As far as we know this is a world first.

The Lighting Design The lighting design is made up of three components as follows: • • •

The paths main span (enclosed path landing to landing) including Viewing Bays Northcote Landing (open path) Westhaven Landing (open path)

The Paths Main Span (landing to landing) The side of the main huge box girder becomes the rear wall of the Skypath. It is this “wall” that is the largest solid surface seen when looking at the bridge. Because of this it will have the most impact when lit. Lighting the rear wall will make the path look like a very long lantern expressing the mesh in silhouette. It will also highlight the movement of people. From the pathway the light is kept away from the mesh so that there is no interruption to the view of the city at night. The light in the following design intentionally fades off from the wall towards the mesh. The lighting design uses the latest in Solid State lighting. Solid State Lighting or Light Emitting Diodes (LED) has several advantages over conventional lighting technologies as follows: • • • • •

Long Life: 80,000 hrs (at 25 degrees and 70% lumen output) High Efficacy; 100 lumens per watt Choice of whites (2700K, to 6500K) and RGBW (Red, Green, Blue and White) Instant control (on, off, dim) Miniaturisation/light weight

A typical fixture for lighting this area is shown below.

This is linear LED fitting is approximately 1200mm in length

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

The above illustration shows the fixtures mounting location and light beam angle. There are two light fittings per bay. The light beam is created by a lens that spreads the light. The beam is 30 degrees across the axis of the fitting (up and down the wall) and 60 degrees along its axis (along the wall). A computer model was developed to “test” the designs performance. The images below are of the computer model.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

The light fittings will be concealed looking along the path by the large “ceiling” cross beams. When viewed from the front the fittings are concealed by the beams running lengthways along the bridge. The bottom illustration shows this even when viewed from low down. (This is the case when the bridge is viewed from the CBD waterfront for example). The viewing platforms will be lit in exactly the same way as the rest of the main span as in the illustration below. Again this allows for the lighting to fade away into the viewing area so as not to highlight the inside of the structure and hence clashing with the city views beyond. At locations where the large box girder meets the piers some additional lighting under the pathway could be used to express the bridges architecture at those points.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

This can be seen in the computer model images shown below.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

Pier Lighting A final element of the crossing lighting is the enhancement of the two main piers. This is achieved by locating high powered floodlight projectors on the underside of the pathway. Light is projected onto the eastern pier face with some bleed onto the north and south faces to provide some modeling. This additional effect would also be created by RGB floodlights so that the piers can be coordinated with the rest of the SkyPath. This is shown in the images below.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

Control System Options There are many options for controlling the LED fittings as follows: Constant Illuminance Constant illuminance is where the lighting level on the path is tuned to a pre determined level. This level is maintained taking into account daylight ingress or lumen depreciation. This keeps the level to what is requires eliminating over lighting (energy saving and comfort).

Daylight Control Daylight control is usually an override to the time clock below. Here photocells measure the amount of available daylight and controls the light accordingly. This could be when daylight enters the Skypath dimming the artificial light accordingly or on an overcast day when there is a substantial reduction in the normal natural light condition. etc.

Time Clock The time clock function “tells” the LED fixtures to do a specific thing at a specific. This could be as simple as on/off or more complex like dim every other fitting to 50% at 9pm on March 24th. Movement control Movement control or detection uses sensors to detect the presence of people. The more sensors that are added the more accurate and sophisticated this can be. By linking this function to a control system each light can be given an instruction when people are detected. This could be as simple as dim up to 100% or more complicated like turn 10 fittings to 100% in front and behind the person location. In this way the lighting could “follow the person whether they are bike or foot.

RGBW control RGBW stands for Red, Green, Blue and White. By using LED fixtures with this functionality these colours can be mixed in varying amounts to produce an almost infinite number of colours creating stunning and dynamic effects as explained below. Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

RGB The primary colours of light are Red Green and Blue. When these three colours are mixed together you get white light. When just two primary colours are mixed you get the secondary colours Magenta, Yellow and Cyan. With the fittings selected for the SkyPath and additional set of white LED’s are added to improve the quality and quantity of the white light.

With RGB LED the three primary colours of light are extremely saturated. This means stunning colours can be produced as with Auckland’s Sky Tower below.

Sky Tower is a Light Works designed project With the use of RGBW LED and the above control systems there are almost limitless effects that can be created. From a simple all on static white at peak hours to dynamic and playful effects when appropriate.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

Here are some examples

The base colour is blue but white light follows groups of people.

On a special occasion SkyPath could be turned into a dynamic artwork with moving changing colours.

Additional Effects

There are additional possibilities for effects that work overlaid onto the above foundation effect. For example some “sparkle” could be added at the central apex of the bridge or at the viewing bays. A good example of this is displayed on the Eiffel Tower in Paris. The Eiffel tower uses 20,000 LED flash bulbs that work on top of an already coloured foundation effect. These perform an amazing show on the hour every night.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

While the quantity of 20,000 would be a little excessive on the bridge a cluster could be set to sparkle on the hour as an additional point of interest.

Northcote Landing The lighting for the SkyPath differs at either ends where the path meets the land. The path changes from being lit from above to being lit from the hand rails. The effect aimed for the Northcote Point Landing is not brash and dynamic like the main span but more magical and organic. The intent is to just light the path itself for guidance, security and safety. The light is contained within the paths structure so there will be some interaction with the light onto the structure itself but with uplight onto the underside of the bridge kept to a minimum.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

The Northcote Point design also uses some subtle landscape effects. These will be for artwork and feature landscaping. Again, like the path these effects will be very localised and focused. Our intent for lighting a sculpture for example is to just light the sculpture with minimal spill. Projectors with focusing lenses and framing shutters will be used in concealed locations on the bridge structure. This way there will be an almost museum light quality to the effects and any spill light onto the underside of the bridge will be kept to a minimum. This effect is illustrated in the image below. Note how the surrounding background is in darkness.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

A typical focusable floodlight

The above is an example of an exterior focusable spotlight. Note the snoot (the long cylinder on the front of the floodlight). This houses the lenses that make it possible to focus or defocus the light beam (soft or sharp edge to the beam). It also conceals the lamp so that you can only see its brightness if you stand in the light beam and look up at the floodlight.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

General area lighting is provided for safety and security at Northcote Point. These are located on the underside of the main bridge. The artwork is illuminated from both sides with well controlled floodlights also mounted on the underside of the main bridge.

Westhaven Landing The lighting for the landing at Westhaven differs from Northcote Point. The lighting reflects the differing personalities of both Landings. Westhaven is a much more urban area so we have incorporated elements from both the main span and Northcote Point. The handrail will again be used as the means of lighting the path itself. The support column and suspension cables will be lit to accentuate the architecture. This effect will add some fill light onto the pathway.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

General area lighting is provided for safety and security at Westhaven. These are located on the underside of the bridge. The bridges support structure is accentuated with colour changing in-ground floodlights. The pou whenua is one of the main features. Its east side will be lit from the ground with high powered narrow beam RGB in-ground uplights. The west face is illuminated from the above and below the SkyPath. The floodlights above the path will be recessed into it. This is similar to the lighting proposed for the east face. The floodlights below will be surface mounted onto the underside of the path. On the embankment there is opportunity to uplight trees and other landscaping elements. For this there are two types of equipment. If there is under planting of tall grasses or groundcover then a surface mounted floodlight will be used. If there are areas that require mowing then an in-ground floodlight will be used. In both cases the effect will be to light the tree and avoid any glare to pedestrians or motorists.

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]

Beyond the plaza area lighting will be provided via well controlled multi-headed lighting poles. By using a variety of different floodlight heads differing lighting beam types can be selected for different jobs. In this way we can floodlight a large area or pick out specific smaller features. Landscape and architectural elements are further accented with in-ground LED floodlights. These are adjustable and also have a variety of beam choices so that light is contained within the thing it is lighting.

A typical LED in-ground uplight

Multi headed lighting pole.

Area lighting beyond the plaza with landscape highlights

Light Works Ltd

115 Vermont Street

PO Box 47 944

Ponsonby

Auckland

Ph 09 376 8122

Fax 09 376 8144

E-mail [email protected]