RCT Psychological for Qigong and Tai Chi
Source
Country
No.of Subjects Mean Age Sex (M/F) 88 older adults 57.2±9.5Q/51.2 in community ±7.4E 37/51 with hypertension
Exercise Body Mind Duration Breath 16 wk (2x2 Body and hours/week/4 breath weeks then monthly and encouraged to practice daily 60 min in AM and 15 min in PM 65.2±6.5 9/17 7 weeks each of Breathing and Aerobics (45 body min/3xweek) and Qigong (50 min/3xweek)20 sessions each with 2 months between sessions
Cheung Lo Fong Chan Wong Wong Lam Lau Karlberg, 2005 Li Ka Shing Foundation
China
Burini Farabollini Ianucci, Rimatori Riccardi Capecci Provinciali & Ceravolo, 2006 No indication of funding
Italy
26 adults with parkinson disease
Elder, Ritenbaugh Mist Aickin Schneider Zwickey & Elmer, 2007
USA
92
47.1 13/79
12 weeks (10 hours overall with 28 min qigong sessions)
Lee Lee Kim & Moon, 2003 Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan Lee Lim & Lee, 2004 No mention of funding Stenlund Lindstrom Granlund & Burell, 2005
Korea
58 adults with hypertension
56±5.9 Q/56.5±7.2C ?/?
Korea
36 adults with hypertension
Sweden
95 adults with CAD
52.6±5.1 Q/54.3±5.5 14/22 77±3Q/78±3C 66/29
Drs. Linda Larkey and Roger Jahnke, Carol Rogers, RN, MSN and Fang Lin
Exercise Style Control group Psychological Guolin qigong
Exercise
Anxiety and Depression ↓ both groups
Qigong
Aerobic training depression/nc sessions
Body Mind Breath
Qigong Emie Zhen Gong
Tapas depression and Acupressure social support Technique and Self-directed support
10 weeks (3 time/week 30 min)
Body and breath
Qigong
8 wk (2 times/wk)
Body and breath
12 weeks (1 hour QG and 2 hours of discussion on various themes)
Body and breath
Waitlist
Self report stress↓
Qigong waitlist Emotional state Shuxinpingxueg ↑ ong Qigong (TC & Usual activities fear of falling Medicinsk n/c Qigong)
RCT Psychological for Qigong and Tai Chi
Source
Country
Tsang H.W. Fung & Chan, 2006, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Tsang HW Mok Yeung & Chan, 2003, Area of Strategic Development Grant, Dept of Rehabilitation Services, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong
Wennenberg Gunnarsson Ahlstrom, 2004 Claes Groschinsky Memorial fund, the Centre for Rehabilitation Research in Orebro, the Country of Orebro and the Department of Caring Sciences, University of Orebro, Orebro, Sweden
Sweden
36 patients with Muscular Dystrophy
Range 33-80 19/17
12wk
Barrow Bedford Ives O'Toole & Channer, 2007, British Heart Foundation
UK
52 older adults with chronic heart failure
69.5 (49-60) 42/10
16 weeks (55 minutes x 2 days)
Hong Kong
No.of Subjects Mean Age Sex Exercise Body Mind Exercise Style Control group Psychological (M/F) Duration Breath 83 adults over 82.11±7.19tc/82 16 weeks (30- Body Mind and Qigong Newspaper depression↓ 65 with .74±6.83c 16/66 45 minutes x 3 breath Baduanjin reading group depression and /week) with same chronic illness intensity
50 older adults 74.6±8.95 26/24 with chronic disease
Drs. Linda Larkey and Roger Jahnke, Carol Rogers, RN, MSN and Fang Lin
12 week (60 minutes/ 2xweek)
Body Mind and breath
Qigong EightSection Brocades
Qigong
Body and mind
TCC with Chi Kung
basic rehabilitation activities
Depression improved, but not significant
Wait-list control Depression n/c
Usual care
Depression↓ both groups
RCT Psychological for Qigong and Tai Chi
Source
Country
Brown Wang Ward Ebbeling Fortlage Puleo Benson & Rippe, 1995 A Center for Balance and Fitness
USA
Chou Lee Yu Macfarlane Cheng Chan & Chi, 2004 Center on Behavioral Health at the University of Hong Kong and University Research Council's Seed Funding for Basic Research at the University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Fransen Nairn Winstanley Lam & Edmons, 2007, National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Conditions Improvements grant, U of New South Wales. Dr. Lam received royalties from sale of TC for Arthritis video/DVD and book Overcoming Arthritis
Austrailia
No.of Subjects Mean Age Sex (M/F) 135 caucasian, 54.8±8.3 sedentary women/ 50.6±8 adults (40men 66/69 69yo)
Exercise Duration 16 week (45 min/3xweek)
14 community dwelling Chinese older adults with depression from a psychogeriatric clinic
3 months (45 min/3xweek)
Body (mind implied)
Tai Chi Yang Style 18 form
waitlist
depression↓
12 week (60 min/2xweek)
Body Mind Breath per website
TC for Arthritis by Dr. Lam from Sun Style 24forms
Hydrotherapy and wait list control
Psychological well being ↑ all scores for hydrotherapy and only
72.6±4.2 7/7
152 older adults 70.8±6.3TC/70± with chronic 6.3H/69.6±6.1C symptomatic 40/112 hip or knee osteoarthritis
Drs. Linda Larkey and Roger Jahnke, Carol Rogers, RN, MSN and Fang Lin
Body Mind Exercise Style Control group Psychological Breath Body Mind and TC type activity Moderate Anger and breath intensity mood ↓ fo walking, low women in TC intensity group Selfwalking, low esteem for all intensity groups↑ walking plus relaxation, and usual activities
RCT Psychological for Qigong and Tai Chi
Source
Country
No.of Subjects Mean Age Sex (M/F) 38 males long Between 20 term care of and 60 HIV/AIDS
Exercise Duration 8 weeks (60 min/2x week)
Body Mind Breath Body mind breathing
Galantino Shepard Krafft Laperriere Ducette Sorbello Barnish Condoluci & Farrar, 2005 Physical Therapy Grant from the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey
USA
Gemmell Leathem, 2006 No reference to funding
New Zealand
18 participants Male with traumatic 51.2±8.7/Femal brain injury e 40.2±12.5 9/9 symptoms
6 weeks (45 min/2 x week)
Hammond & Freeman, 2006, Derbyshire Royal Infirmary Rheumatology Charitable Trusy Fund
UK
133 fribomyalgia patients from a rheumatology outpatient dept 92%female
48.53±10.89 13/120
Hart Kanner GilboaMayo Haroeh-Peer Rozenthul-Sorokin Eldar, 2004, No reference to funding
Isreal
18, communitydwelling first stroke survivors
54.77 16/2
Drs. Linda Larkey and Roger Jahnke, Carol Rogers, RN, MSN and Fang Lin
Exercise Style Control group Psychological TC
Exercise and usual activity
POMS exercise groups ↑
Body and breath
TC Chen Style
waitlist
Self-esteem both groups ↑ and mood changes improved all but tired for TC
10 weeks (45 min/1xweek)
body
Tai Chi for Arthritis (part of patient education group including fibromyalgia information, poatural training, stretching and weights)
Relaxation group
Anxiety and depression N/C
12 weeks (1 h/2xweek)
Body Mind Breath
TCC
Balance Exercises
Romberg
RCT Psychological for Qigong and Tai Chi
Source
Country
Irwin Olmstead & Oxman, 2007 NIA and National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study
USA
Jin, 1992, No mention of funding
Australia
96 TC practitioners
Kutner Barnhart Wolf McNeely & Xu, 1997 NIH Cooperative Grant from NIA Lee y.k. Lee & Woo, 2007 No mention of funding
USA
130 TC Balance training and control mostly women
Hong Kong
No.of Subjects Mean Age Sex (M/F) 112 healthy 70 41/71 older adults
Exercise Duration 16 weeks (3xweek/40 min)
Body Mind Breath movement relaxation and meditation
34.6±8.5 History of TC Body and mind males/37.8±10. 46.4 mo males/ 1 female 48/48 34 months females 2 sessions of exposure to stress followed by respective treatment 76.2
15 weeks (2xweek)
139 Resident of 82.7 ± 7.1 45/96 26 weeks (1 care facility, hour/3xweek) ambulatory, Chinese and > 65
Body mind breath
Body Mind and breath
Tai Chi Chih
Health education
depression both groups ↑
Tai Chi Long form or Yang Style
Brisk walking,TC meditation, and neutral reading
POMS↑ all treatments↓
TC 10 modified Balance training Rosenberg self forms from 108 and education esteem ↑ control Tai Chi
Usual activities
self esteem ↑
Tai Chi Yang style 24 forms
stretching
fear of falling ↓
Li Fisher Harmer & McAuley, 2005, NIH NIA Li Harmer Chaumeton Duncan Duncan, 2002 NIA
USA
256 sedentary over 70 yo
USA
94 physically inactive older adults over 65
72.9/85
6 months (60 min 2 x weekly)
Body mind
TC Yang Style 24 forms
wait-list control
Self-esteem↑
Mustain Katula Gill Roscoe Lang & Murphy, 2004 Tsai Wang Chan Lin Wang Tomlinson Hsieh Yang Liu, 2003
USA
21 women treated for breast cancer 76 adults/ No PA
52±9 0/21
12 week (60 min/3 time/week) 12 wk ( 3 times/wk/50 minutes)
Body mind breath
Tai Chi Yang and Chi Kung
Psychosocial support
self-esteem ↑
body mind
tai chi Yang
Taiwan
77.48±4.95 ?/? 6 month (60 min Body & breath 3 x /week)
Exercise Style Control group Psychological
52 18/19
Drs. Linda Larkey and Roger Jahnke, Carol Rogers, RN, MSN and Fang Lin
Usual activities State and Trait Anxiety↓
RCT Psychological for Qigong and Tai Chi
Source
Country
No.of Subjects Mean Age Sex Exercise (M/F) Duration 20 Comm 48±10TC/51±17 12 week (1 dwelling with hour/2xweek) Rheumatoid Arthritic class I or II
Wang Roubenoff Lau Kalish Schmid Tighiouart Rones Hibberd, 2005 General Clinical Research Center and Tufts-New England Medical Center
USA
Winsmann, 2006 dissertation
USA
47 male Veterans
49.55±6.29
4 weeks (75 minutes/2xweek ly)
Wolf, Barnhart Kutner McNeelly Coogler & Xu, 2003 from 1990's, NIH grant from NIA
USA
200 community dwellling adults over 70
76.2 58/242
15 weeks (45 Mind and body minutes weekly in class plus 15 min 2 x daily)
Drs. Linda Larkey and Roger Jahnke, Carol Rogers, RN, MSN and Fang Lin
Body Mind Breath Not defined
Exercise Style Control group Psychological Tai Chi Yang Style
Stretching and wellness education
depression ↓
Body Mind Breath
Tai Chi Chuan Yang Style
Usual activities
Tai Chi or Balance Training
Education
Dissociative experiences, anxiety and depression improved, not ss depression