Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
Questionnaire for Chemical Companie...
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
Questionnaire for Chemical Companies THE COMPANY AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 1. How long has your company been operating on the Polish market? _____________________ 2. Your company is: (please choose one answer) an independent entity a part of a national group of companies or of a national corporation a part of an international group of companies or of an international corporation
state owned
private
3. Which sector of the chemical industry does your company belong to and what is its market share? (multiple answers possible)
manufacture of basic chemicals manufacture of pesticides and other agro-chemical products manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics manufacture of pharmaceuticals manufacture of detergents, perfumes and toiletries manufacture of synthetic fibres other (please specify) _______________________
market share _____ %
_____ %
_____ %
_____ %
_____ %
_____ %
_____ %
4. Does your company belong to a national chemical industry chamber?
yes no
5. Does your company belong to another chemical industry chamber?
yes (please specify name of the organisation) ____________________________________________________ no
6. How has your company’s impact on the natural environment changed over the last five years? increased
no change
declined
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Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
7. Has your company’s impact on the natural environment changed in the last five years? (please choose one square in each row)
use of natural resources (water, energy etc.) production of waste water pollution air pollution other (please specify) ________________________
declined
no change
increased
not applicable
8. What has changed in particular? (please choose one square in each row) NOX emissions SO2 emissions CO2 emissions heavy metals in piped off industrial sewage phenols in piped off industrial sewage industrial sewage requiring treatment treated industrial sewage
increased
no change
declined
9. What are the annual environmental protection-related expenses incurred by your company? PLN_________ 10. Has your company observed any changes in its environmental protection expenses over the last five years? (please choose one square in each row)
remained on the same level
increased emission charges financial penalties for noncompliance with environmental protection regulations environmental investment expenses
decreased
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Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
11. Did your company undertake any particular actions to decrease its impact on the natural environment with regard to the following aspects? (please choose one square in each row)
use of natural resources (water, energy etc.) production of waste water pollution air pollution other (please specify) ________________________
Comprehensive measures
Some measures
No measures
not applicable
12. Which particular steps did your company undertake? (Please specify particular steps using following categories) Water pollution (e.g. construction of a sewage treatment plant) _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Generation of waste (e.g. investments in waste utilisation, measures aimed at reducing the amount of waste produced) _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
Air pollution (e.g. installing filters to reduce gas and dust emissions) _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Use of natural resources (e.g. actions aimed at reducing water and energy use) _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Other _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
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Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
13. Has your company received any subsidies to carry out environmental investments (e.g. introduction of environmentally friendly technologies, construction of a sewage treatment plant)? yes no If yes, please specify (multiple answers possible)
subventions from national and regional funds subventions from environmental funds EU funds other international subventions others: _______________________________________
If possible, please estimate the overall co-financing received in the last five years : PLN________________ 14. How would you assess environmental standards relevant to your company? Far too strict
Too strict
Rather adequate
Too lenient
Far too lenient
15. More and more often it is being claimed that the introduction of strict environmental protection standards does not necessarily lead to an actual improvement in the state of the natural environment. How would you assess the following statements? Only competitive companies can afford to comply with high environmental standards. I totally agree
I rather agree
I rather disagree
I totally disagree
I don’t know
Introducing new legal environmental standards will not change anything so long as companies are unable to bear the costs of environmental investments. I totally agree
I rather agree
I rather disagree
I totally disagree
I don’t know
Environmental standards are obeyed only when they are backed by an effective system of state control. I totally agree
I rather agree
I rather disagree
I totally disagree
I don’t know
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Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
16. Following the EU accession, many EU environmental regulations were introduced in Poland. With regard to your company, how would you assess the implementation of the following EU directives? Directive 96/61/CE on integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC) no problems with implementation
problems with implementation
I don’t know this directive
⇓ For problems with implementation: (multiple answers possible) overly strict regulations
overly high implementation costs
overly short implementation period
Directive 1999/31/CE on the landfill of waste no problems with implementation
problems with implementation
I don’t know this directive
⇓ For problems with implementation: (multiple answers possible) overly stringent regulations
overly high implementation costs
overly short implementation period
Directive 83/513/EEC on limit values and quality objectives for cadmium discharges no problems with implementation
problems with implementation
I don’t know this directive
⇓ For problems with implementation: (multiple answers possible) overly stringent regulations
overly high implementation costs
overly short implementation period
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Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
17. Has your company obtained any of the following certificates? (please choose one square in each row) yes
EMAS ISO 14001 ISO 9000
no
Other certificates (please specify) _______________________ Explanation: EMAS : ISO 14001: ISO 9000 :
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme Environmental Management System Quality Management System
18. How would you assess the role played by the following stakeholders in the process of your company’s adjustment to environmental regulations? (please choose one square in each row)
Local authorities Regional authorities Central government authorities European Union United Nations Banks and other financial institutions Industry and trade associations Environmental non-governmental organisations Trade unions Other (please specify) _________________________
unimportant
important role
very important role
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Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
19. Is your company liaising with the following stakeholders on the issue of environmental requirements? (please choose one square in each row)
Local authorities Regional authorities Central government authorities European Union United Nations Banks and other financial institutions Industry and trade associations Environmental nongovernmental organisations Trade unions Other (please specify) ________________________
Frequent contact
Seldom contact
No contact
20. Which of the stakeholders is particularly supportive? _____________________________________ is/are particularly supportive (please choose one of the stakeholders from Question No. 19)
Nobody is supportive.
21. Has your company undergone a control by a state environmental protection inspectorate within the last three years?
yes no
⇒ please go to Question No. 22 ⇒ please go to Question No. 25
22. If your company has undergone a control in the last three years, what form did these controls take and how often did they take place? (please choose one square in each row) Number of controls in last three years: ____________________
Planned control Unplanned control Control with measurement Basic control Verifying control Emergency control
none
once
2-4 times
5-10 times
More than 10 times
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Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
23. Did any of these controls reveal non-compliance?
yes no
⇒ please go to Question No. 24 ⇒ please go to Question No. 25
24. If a control revealed non-compliance, what was the reaction of the environmental inspectorate? (please choose one or respectively two squares in each row)
Gave permission to continue business activities without introducing any changes Required the introduction of particular changes Set up cooperation between the company and inspectorate in order to find a solution for the existing situation Set up a deadline for carrying out necessary changes Required the closing down of one/some of production lines Financial penalties imposed Required a plan for solving the existing problems Required closing down the whole plant
As a consequence of non-compliance with air protection regulations
As a consequence of non-compliance with water protection regulations
Took place neither as a consequence of non-compliance with air protection nor with regard to water protection regulations
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Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
25. How would you assess the role played by the following factors with regard to your company’s decisions to decrease its impact on the natural environment? (please choose one square in each row)
Irrelevant factor
Important factor
Very important factor
Public opinion pressure Improvement of company’s image Initiatives of business associations Ecological awareness Introduction of strict environmental standards Export-related need to adjust to high environmental protection standards in foreign markets Reinforcement of state control and monitoring systems Other factors (please specify) __________________________
26. Which factors undermine measures aimed at decreasing your company’s impact on the natural environment? Please assess the following factors. (please choose one square in each row)
Rather important factor
Irrelevant factor Competitive pressure in the market Financial situation Lack of information Lack of cost-relevant advantages Lack of environmental expertise Lack of state actions promoting ecological behaviour Lack of co-financing by other organisations (state, international organisations etc.) Other factors (please specify) __________________________
Very important factor
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Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
27. How would you assess the role played by the following factors in your company’s competitive position in the market in the last five years? (please choose one square in each row)
Rather important factor
Very important factor
Irrelevant factor Product price Product quality A wide spectrum of products Product innovation Company’s image Marketing Employees qualifications Capital background Suppliers and consumers network
28. How would you describe the development of your company’s competitive position in the market over the last five years? positive development no change unsatisfactory development 29. How many full-time employees work for your company? _____________ employees 30. Over the last five years, the number of employees in your company has increased
remained at the same level
decreased
31. Your company is : (please choose one answer) the biggest employer in the region one of the ten biggest employers in the region one of many employers in the region 32. In 2004 what were your company’s: Annual turnover Investment expenses
PLN____________________ PLN____________________
33. How would you describe your company’s turnover over the last five years? (please choose one answer) significantly decreased
decreased
remained at the same level
increased
significantly increased
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Anna Małgorzata Ehrke
An Ever Cleaner Union? The Impact of European Environmental Measures in Poland and Ukraine
34. How would you describe your company’s financial performance during the last five years? (please choose one answer)
Low revenue led to high losses. Revenue was too low to cover expenses. Revenue was high enough to cover expenses. Revenue was high enough to generate profit. Revenue was much higher than expenses.
35. How would you describe the revenue from sales in your company during the last five years? significantly decreased
decreased
remained at the same level
increased
significantly increased
36. How would you describe the market scope of your company? (please choose one of squares)
local national regional (neighbouring countries) global
37. What part of your company’s production is designed for export? markets
Share of total revenue
Poland / Ukraine
_____ %
EU countries
_____ %
other OECD countries
_____ %
CIS countries (less Baltic countries) other markets
_____ % _____ %
38. Over the last five years, exports to the EU countries’ markets have increased
remained at the same level
decreased
39. Your remarks and comments. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
