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Israel Journal of Plant Sciences Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tips20

Two new taxa from Central Anatolia, Turkey a

a

Faik Ahmet Karavelioğullari , Mecit Vural & Hüseyin Polat a

b

Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

b

Ibni Sina Hastanesi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey Published online: 14 Mar 2013.

To cite this article: Faik Ahmet Karavelioğullari , Mecit Vural & Hüseyin Polat (2006) Two new taxa from Central Anatolia, Turkey, Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 54:2, 105-111 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/IJPS_54_2_105

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Israel Journal of Plant Sciences

Vol. 54

2006

pp. 105–111

Two new taxa from Central Anatolia, Turkey Faik Ahmet Karavelioğullari,a,* Mecit Vural,a and Hüseyin Polatb Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Turkey b İbni Sina Hastanesi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey

a

(Received 4 November 2003 and in revised form 15 April 2004)

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ABSTRACT A new species of Verbascum L., V. cicekdagensis Karavel. & Vural sp. nov. (sect. Bothrosperma Murb.), is described from Central Anatolia in Turkey. It is related to V. wiedemannianum Fisch. & C.A. Mey., from which it differs mainly by its leaves, bracts, and anthers. Additionaly, a new subspecies Reseda germanicopolitiana Hub.Mor. subsp. glabra Karavel. & Vural subsp. nov. is also recognized. Two taxa are confined to Çiçekdağ in Kırşehir. Distribution maps and illustrations of these taxa are given. In addition, the pollen characteristics and seed coat surface of Verbascum cicekdagensis and V. wiedemannianum are examined by SEM. Keywords: Verbascum, Reseda, pollen, seed surface, Turkey

INTRODUCTION The genus Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) includes about 360 species (Heywood, 1993). In Turkey it has 233 species in 13 groups, and 126 hybrids (HuberMorath, 1978; Davis et al., 1988; Ekim, 2000). Partly artificial groups are used in the Flora of Turkey (Davis et al., 1988). All Turkish species of Verbascum belong to sect. Bothrosperma. Groups A, B, and C of the Flora of Turkey belong to subsect. Ebracteolate. The species described here should be placed in group C (Murberck, 1925, 1933; Huber-Morath, 1971). In Turkey, 188 (80%) of the 236 species are endemic (Davis et al., 1988; Vural and Aydoğdu, 1993; Karavel. et al., 2004). The plants are adapted especially to steppe, open places, roadside, and stony slopes. Verbascum was previously revised by Huber-Morath (1978) for the Flora of Turkey. Since then, seven species and eight hybrids have been described from Turkey (Davis et al., 1988; Vural and Aydoğdu, 1993; Karavel.

et al., 2004; Sutory, 2004; Kaynak, 2006; Özhatay, 2006). In this paper, V. cicekdagensis is described as a new species. The authors collected flowering and fruiting specimens of Verbascum from Çiçekdağı, Kırşehir province, in 1994–1995. The specimens could not be included in any known Verbascum species. Studying descriptions of species of Verbascum in Huber-Morath (1978, 1981), Ferguson et al. (1972), Fedchenko (1955), Feinbrun-Dothan (1978), Meikle (1985), Tackholm (1974), and Ekim (2000) in comparison with specimens in the herbaria of Gazi University (GAZI), Hacettepe University (HUB), and Ankara University (ANK) showed that the specimens represent a species new to science. The specimens of V. cicekdagensis were examined and compared with specimens of the related species, V. wiedemannianum. The genus Reseda L. (Resedaceae) includes about 75 *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]

© 2006 Science From Israel / LPPltd., Jerusalem

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106 species (Heywood, 1993). It is represented by 15 species in Turkey, 5 of which are endemic (Coode, 1965). The genus Reseda was previously revised by Coode (1965) for the Flora of Turkey, Vol. 1. Two species have since been described from Turkey (Davis et al., 1988; Özhatay, 2000). In this paper, a subspecies, Reseda germanicopolitiana Hub.-Mor. subsp. glabra, is recognized as a new subspecies. Flowering and fruiting specimens of Reseda were collected from Çiçekdağı, Kırşehir province in the same years. The specimens are close to R. germanicopolitiana but differ from it by their black seeds and completely glabrous, slightly scabrid habit. Also they grow in saline habitat. After checking the relevant literature such as Coode (1965), Yeo (1972), Tackholm (1974), Zohary (1966), Abdallah (1967), Abdalla and DeWit (1978, 1980), and Özhatay (2000), as well as comparison with specimens in the GAZI herbarium, we decided that the taxon is best treated as a new subspecies of Reseda germanicopolitiana, new taxon named as subsp. glabra because of its glabrous habit and its black seeds. No specimens of this taxon have been encountered in ANK and HUB herbaria. The abbreviations of the authors of plant names were checked from Brummitt and Powell (1992). METHODS For palynological studies, pollen and seed samples were taken from the specimens at GAZI herbarium. Pollen preparations were made according to the Wodehouse method (Wodehouse, 1935). Pollen of each taxon were measured till a Gaussian curve occured for A, B, A/B, Exine, and Intine, and the mathematical average were calculated according to (M) SPSS 8.0 program. Pollen measurements were done by Prior light microscope (Karim and Oqulah, 1989). Immersion objectives ´ 100 were used for measurement. Lengths and widths of 10 seeds of each taxon were measured with a Euromex micrometer by using a stereomicroscope, and average values of seeds were given. Dry seeds were coated by a Polaron SC 502 gold coater and investigated with a JEOL JSM-840 A scanning electron microscope (Juan et al., 1997, 1999, 2000; Vujicic et al., 1993). DESCRIPTIONS AND RESULTS Verbascum cicekdagensis Karavel. & Vural sp. nov. (Figs.1,7) Sect. Bothrosperma Murb. Affinis V. wiedemannianum Fisch. and Mey., sed antheris omnibus reniformibus (non 2 antheris anticis decurrentibus); calycibus 4–6 mm longis (non 6–11 mm); Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 54

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Fig. 1. Verbascum cicekdagensis Karavel. & Vural. A. habit, B. corolla.

interdum bracteis superantibus biflorus (non uniflorus); foliis caulinis crenatis (non integeris); foliis basalibus ovatis, elipticis lanceolatis (non eliptic), planta omnio eglandulosa (non glandulosa) differt. Biennial, 60–95 cm, with dense indumentum of stellate hairs. Stem solitary, erect, terete, simple or branched above. Basal leaves ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 5–18 ´ 3–4.5 cm, crenate, acute, with densely stellate hairs on both surfaces, gradually attenuate into 2–7 cm petiole. Cauline leaves smaller, lanceolate, crenate, acuminate. Inflorescence lax paniculate, branches of panicles to 45–70 cm and erect-ascending, densely or sparsely stellate-hairy. Bract with a single flower in its axil, rarely upper bract with two flowers, linear or linear-lanceolate, entire, acute or acuminate, 2–3 ´ 0.5–1 mm, glabrous below, stellate above. Bracteoles absent. Pedicels densely or sparsely stellate hairs, erect-patent, 2–6 ´ 0.5–1 mm. Calyx 4–6 mm, divided almost to base into linear, acute segments with sparsely stellate hairs. Corolla violet-purple, rotate, 20–35 mm diam., tube 1 mm, lobes unequal, orbicular, without pellucid glands, simple and branched hairs outside. Stamens 5, filaments with purplish wool, 2

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Character

Table 1 Diagnostic characters of Verbascum cicekdagensis and V. wiedemannianum Verbascum wiedemannianum

Verbascum cicekdagensis

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Anthers all reniform Calyx 4–6 mm Inflorescence rarely upper bracts with two flowers Cauline leaves crenate Basal leaves ovate to elliptic-lanceolate Hairs all plant covered with branched hairs

anterior filaments glabrous near apex. Anthers reniform, 3–3.5 mm, medifixed, not decurrert. Ovary elliptic, stellate-hairy. Style filiform, 12 mm, stellate hairs at base; stigma spathulate, 0.5–3 mm, glabrous. Capsule oblong, 6–8 ´ 3–4 mm, densely or sparsely stellate-tomentose, soon glabrescent. Fl. 5–6, Fr. 6–7. Steppe and calcareous stony slopes, roadsides, 900–950 m. TYPE: Turkey. B5 Kırşehir: Çiçekdağı, between Küçükteflek-Sekili, 900 m, 18.v.1995, roadside, F.A.Karavelioğulları 2365 and H.Polat (holo. GAZI, iso. ANK). Additional specimens (Paratypes): B5 Çiçekdağı, between Küçükteflek-Sekili, 900 m, 18.v.1994, calcarous stony slopes, roadside, F.A.Karavelioğulları 2103 and H.Polat; Çiçekdağı, between Ömeruşağı-Kalevci, 900–950 m, 19.v.1995, calcareous stony slopes, roadside, H.Polat 1994 and F.A.Karavelioğulları. Endemic to Çiçekdağı in Kırşehir. Irano-Turanian element. Verbascum cicekdagensis is allied to V. wiedemannianum, which is known from Central and East Anatolia in Turkey. V. cicekdagensis differs from V. wiedemannianum by all its anthers being reniform (not two anterior anthers decurrent); calyx 4–6 mm (not 6–11 mm), rarely upper bracts with two flowers (not all bracts with a single

Characters

Pollen type The shape of pollen Polar axis (A) Equatorialis axis (B) Aperture feature Exine thickness (E) Intine thickness (I) Structure Sculpture

two anterior anthers decurrent 6–11 mm all bracts with a single flower in its axil entire oblong to elliptic plant long simple or branched eglandular hairs below, shorter eglandular hairs and stalked glands above.

flower); cauline leaves crenate (not entire); basal leaves ovate to elliptic-lanceolate (not oblong to elliptic); all plants covered with uniform branched hairs (not showing different configurations as in V. wiedemannianum) (Table 1). Voucher specimens examined of V. wiedemannianum from different localities are cited below: Turkey. B5 Yozgat: Karanlıkdere, Hüyük tepesi, 1030 m, 17.v.2002, step, Ü.B 529, B8 Erzurum: Erzurum-Tercan 12 km, 1450 m, 14.vi.2002, calcareous stony slopes, F.A.Karavelioğulları 3304 and S.Çelik, A5 Amasya: Amasya, Borobay gölü, open forest, 20–25 km, 1500 m, 04.v.1989, T.Ekim 9291, A4 Kırıkale: Delice, İmirli-Çingeyli, 920 m, 03.vi.1990, A.A.Dönmez 2378 and A.Güner, A5 Amasya: AmasyaTurhal, roadside, 850 m, 29.v.1993, M.Vural 6580 and F.A.Karavelioğulları (GAZI); A4 Ankara: Batıkent, Kent Koop mah., Çayırlık engebeli alanlar, 750–800 m, 3.vi.1993. B.Mutlu102; B5 Yozgat: Sarıkaya-Sorgun 14 km S Sorgun, 1040 m, 26.vi.1987. Max Nydegger 14750 (HUB); A6 Tokat: Artova-Arabacımustafa, cultivated places, 1200–1300 m, 1981, R.İlaraslan1338; B5 Kayseri: Bünyan, 17/6/1954, D. 21493; B5 Yozgat: Çekerek, Kavak Beleni, 1250–1300 m, 18.vi.1980, R. İlaraslan1062; B5 Yozgat: Yozgat-Sivas, serpentine, 6.vi.1980, T.Ekim 5111 (ANK).

Table 2 Pollen characters of V. wiedemannianum and Verbascum cicekdagensis V. wiedemannianum (Ü.B 529)

tricolpatae prolate, A/B: 1.07 19.53 µm 18.19 µm colpus narrow and long, sides evident 0.87 µm 0.43 µm tectate reticulate

V. cicekdagensis (FAK 2103)

tricolpatae subprolate, A/B: 1.16 23.90 µm 20.63 µm colpus narrow and long, sides evident 0.82 µm 0.43 µm tectate reticulate

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A

B

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Fig. 2. SEM photos of the pollen grain of V. wiedemannianum (A) polar view and (B) detail of pollen grain. Magnification: (A) ´4000, (B) ´12000.

B

A

Fig. 3. SEM photos of the pollen grain of V. cicekdagensis (A) polar view and (B) detail of pollen grain. Magnification: (A) ´3300, (B) ´12000.

Verbascum cicekdagensis is endemic to Central Anatolia (Kırşehir province) in Irano-Turanian territory. Recommended threatened category in IUCN categories (2001) should be “Critically Endangered” (CR). It is known only from two localities in Çiçekdağı and occupies less than 100 km2. It grows on calcareous stony slopes, and on roadsides together with Anchusa leptophylla Roemer and Schultes. subsp. leptophylla, A. pusilla Guşul., Echium italicum L., Verbascum natolicum (Fisch. and Mey.) Hub.-Mor., V. georgicum Bentham, V. caudatum Freyn and Bornm., Vicia cracca L. subsp. stenophylla Vel., V. narbonensis L. var. narbonensis, Chenopodium botrys L., etc. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 54

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V. wiedemannianum is distributed in Central and East Anatolia, in steppe, crop fields, calcareous stony slopes, and fallow field areas; occasionally in pasture at 400– 1500 m altitudes (Huber-Morath, 1955, 1960, 1962). Chromosomes of V. cicekdagensis have not been counted, but the chromosome number of the other species changes between 2n = 28 to 36. In V. pestallozzae Boiss. belonging to group C, the chromosome number is 2n = 28 (Davis et al., 1988). During the electromicroscope studies, minor differences of pollen shape, polar axis, equatorial axis, exine, and intine were observed between V. wiedemannianum and V. cicekdagensis (Figs. 2,3, Table 2).

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B

A

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Fig. 4. SEM photos of the seed coat of V. wiedemannianum (A) general shape and (B) seed coat surface. Magnification: (A) ´70, (B) ´250.

A

B

Fig. 5. SEM photos of the seed coat of V. cicekdagensis (A) general shape and (B) seed coat surface. Magnification: (A) ´110, (B) ´1000.

Characters

Color Shape Surface Width Length

Table 3 Seed characters of V. wiedemannianum and Verbascum cicekdagensis V. wiedemannianum (FAK 3340) light brown oblong alveolate–reticulate 0.6 mm 1.1 mm

In electron microscope investigations, seeds of V. wiedemannianum and V. cicekdagensis showed diversity in size, color, and surface, ornamentation (Table 3). With regard to morphological characters of seed coat surface, V. wiedemannianum and V. cicekdagensis show

V. cicekdagensis (FAK 2365) brown oblong reticulate 0.3 mm 0.7 mm

noteworthy differences at the reticulum wall shape, thickness, and seed surface ornamentations (Figs. 4,5). Reseda germanicopolitiana Hub.-Mor. subsp. glabra Karavel. & Vural subsp. nov. (Figs. 6,7). Affinis subsp. germanicopolitana sed tota planta

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110 glabra (non scabrous pubescenti), semina atera (non lutea) differt. Fl. 6-7, fr. 7–9, in saline places, 850–1200 m. TYPE: Turkey B5 Kırşehir: Çiçekdağı, sekili, Tuz tepesi, 900–950 m, 06.ix.1994, salt soil, H.Polat1631 & F.A.Karavelioğulları (holo. GAZI, iso. ANK, HUB). Additional specimens examined (Paratypes): B5 Kırşehir: Çiçekdağı, Küçükteflek-Sekili, 900 m, 18.ix. 1994, salt soil, H.Polat 2003 & F.A.Karavelioğulları, Kırşehir: Çiçekdağı, Küçükteflek, Çorakdere, 900 m, 05.viii.1995, salt soil, F.A.Karavelioğulları 2353 & H.Polat. Endemic to Central Anatolia. Iran-Turanian element. Subspecies glabra is compared with the specimens of M.Sağıroğlu 1403, 1404 that belong to type subspecies germanicopolitiana in GAZI. Additional specimens: A4 Çankırı: Ilgaz road, 4. km, Karlıktepe, 800–900 m, 23.vi.1996, M.Sağıroğlu 1403, 1404. Reseda germanicopolitiana subsp. glabra is endemic to Central Anatolia (Kırşehir province), as well. Recommended threatened category in IUCN (2001) should be “Endangered” (EN). It is known only from a few localities in Çiçekdağı and occupies less than 5000 km2. Reseda germanicopolitiana subsp. glabra grows in saline places together with some halophytes, such as Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad, Atriplex rosae L., Salsola tragus L., Caccinia macranhtera (Banks. and Sol.) Brand. var. macranhtera, and Lycium depressum Stock, Molucella laevis L.

Fig. 6. Reseda germanicopolitiana Hub.-Mor. subsp. glabra Karavel. & Vural. A. habit, B. corolla.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Prof. Dr. Hayri Duman and Associate Prof. Dr. Ahmet Duran for checking the Latin diagnosis and for helpful comments on the manuscript.

Corum Amasya Ankara

Fig. 7. Distribution map of Verbascum cicekdagensis (▲), Verbascum wiedemannianum ( ◼ ), Reseda germanicopolitiana subsp. glabra (O) and subsp. germanicopolitiana (Δ) in Turkey. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 54

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Kirsehir Sivas

Erzincan Erzurum

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