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Psychology 101 Abnormal Packet

Period Date

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Psychology 101

Shades of Abnormality

RATE each of these people using the following scale: 1 = Basically O.K. Psychotherapy is not necessary. 2 = Mild disturbance. Psychotherapy should be considered. 3 = Significant disturbance. Psychotherapy is definitely required. 4 = Severe disturbance. Hospitalize!

Bob is a very intelligent, 25 year old member of a religious organization that is based on Buddhism. Bob's working for this organization caused considerable conflict between him and his parents, who are devout Catholics. Recently Bob experiences acute spells of nausea and fatigue that prevent him from working and which have forced him to return home to live with his parents. Various medical tests are being conducted, but as yet no physical causes of his problems have been found.

Mary is a 30 year old musician who is very dedicated and successful in her work as a teacher in a local high school and as a part–time member of local musical groups. Since her marriage five years ago, which ended in divorce after six months, she has dated very few men. She often worries that her time is "running out" for establishing a good relationship with a man, getting married, and raising a family. Her friends tell her that she gets way too anxious around men, and that she needs to relax a little in general.

Jim was vice president of the freshman class at a local college and played on the school's football team. Later that year he dropped out of these activities and gradually became more and more withdrawn from friends and family. Neglecting to shave and shower, he began to look dirty and unhealthy. He spent most of his time alone in his room and sometimes complained to his parents that he heard voices in the curtains and in the closet. In his sophomore year he dropped out of school entirely. With increasing anxiety and agitation, he began to worry that the "Nazis" were plotting to kill his family and kidnap him.

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Larry, a homosexual who has lived for three years with a man he met in graduate school, works as a psychologist in a large hospital. Although competent in his work, he often feels strained by the pressures of his demanding position. An added source of tension on the job is his not being able to confide in all his co–workers about his private life. Most of his leisure activities are with good friends who belong to the gay subculture.

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Psychology 101

OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder)

Overview: • Those with OCD are slaves to their rituals, so much so that their behaviors literally _______ __________ __________ _____________. • Women are just as likely as men to get OCD. • And both sexes strive to hide their condition from friends and coworkers for fear of being labeled "crazy." Symptoms that define OCD Obsessions •

•

Common obsessions include fear of ___________ or contamination; concern with _____________, symmetry and exactness; constantly thinking about certain sounds, images, words or _____________; fear of harming a family member or friend; and fear of thinking _____________ or sinful _____________.

Compulsions • • • Typical compulsions include excessive _____________ _____________, _____________ repeatedly that doors are locked and appliances turned off, arranging items in a precise order, _____________ over and over to a certain number and touching certain objects several times. • When you perform these rituals you may feel some _____________ from anxiety, but not for long. Soon your discomfort returns and you feel compelled to _____________ your behaviors. • You know your repetitive thoughts and behaviors are _____________ and senseless, but you can't free yourself from them. • You may be able to _____________ your unwanted behaviors for awhile, but your _____________ may _____________ after years of struggle. • Eventually, your rituals may take up more and more of your day, making it virtually impossible to have a "normal" life. Crossing the line from quirky to OCD •

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Causes of OCD • An imbalance in _____________ (regulates repetitive behaviors.) • A biological predisposition to react strongly to _____________, a reaction that for some reason evokes the intrusive thoughts, anxieties and rituals characteristic of OCD. • _____________ factors may make you more susceptible to OCD if others in your family have the condition. • _____________ _____________ are thought to be one possible cause of OCD.

Treatments that work Medications • _____________ may help relieve the symptoms of OCD. You don't have to be depressed for these drugs to work, however. • The first approved for OCD was clomipramine(Anafranil), a tricyclic antidepressant. Newer antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are also effective. • These medications work by enhancing the brain's ability to use serotonin. • They _____________ _____________ OCD (nothing does), but they do relieve distressing symptoms in more than half the people who take them. Behavior therapy • Psychological treatment involves an approach called _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ • Person is _____________ to a feared object or obsession, but _____________ or _____________ from performing your anxiety-reducing ritual or compulsion. • For example, you may be urged to touch something you consider contaminated, then denied the opportunity to wash your hands. • During the course of treatment — usually around 10 weeks —OCD symptoms gradually decrease in frequency and intensity. • Studies show that 50 percent to 90 percent of people improve with behavior therapy.

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Psychology 101 Bipolar Notes

Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression Bipolar Affective Disorder and Manic-Depressive Illness) • It is a mood disorder that affects approximately _____________ of the adult population of the United States • characterized by _____________ _____________ • most forms of bipolar disorder are _____________ with medication and supportive psychotherapy. • one or more Manic or Hypomanic Episodes (more severe), accompanied by one or more Major Depressive Episodes. These episodes typically happen in _____________. Depression Symptoms: (write down 5)

Manic Symptoms: (write down 5)

The difference between euphoria and dysphoria: Euphoria: • person is _____________, in _____________ with the _____________, one with the world, feeling boundless _____________, talking a mile a minute, mind is _____________, deluded with grandiose thoughts, etc. • This kind of mania is generally the kind described in the popular literature. Dysphoria: • one is "high" but in a different sense: _____________, _____________, full of _____________, talking a mile a minute, mind racing, deluded with grandiose thoughts, _____________, full of _____________, panic-stricken. • dysphoria can also come into the depressive side

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Rapid Cycling: • _____________ or more complete mood cycles within a year's time • Studies show that _____________ are more likely than _____________ to be diagnosed as rapid-cyclers. How to take care of yourself: 1. establish a sound therapeutic relationship with one or more doctors 2. Take responsibility for your own well-being 3. Develop a survival mentality- There is life after diagnosis 4. Become aware of your mood states 5. Structure your life 6. Educate yourself about this illness 7. Avoid artificial stimulants and depressants 8. Enlist the support of family and friends 9. Join a support group Treatment: Mood Stabilizers: • Used to “_____________” a mood • Best when used with a _____________ Antidepressants: • SSRI: _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ (Prozac) • Tricyclics: More _____________ than SSRI’s • "MAOI" = "Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor." may be effective in patients who don't respond to SSRIs or tricyclics. _____________ _____________ with _____________ containing tyramine (an amino acid)

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Psychology 101

Goldberg Mania Scale

The items below refer to how you have felt and behaved DURING THE PAST WEEK. For each item, indicate the extent to which it is true, by circling one of the numbers that follows it. Using the following scale: 0 = Not at all

1 = Just a little

3 = Moderately

2 = Somewhat

4 = Quite a lot

5 = Very much

=============================================================== 1. My mind has never been sharper. 0 1 2 3 4 5 2. I need less sleep than usual. 0 1 2 3 4 5 3. I have so many plans and new ideas that it is hard for me to work. 0 1 2 3 4 5 4. 5. 6. 7.

I feel a pressure to talk and talk. I have been particularly happy. I have been more active than usual. I talk so fast that people have a hard time keeping up with me. 8. I have more new ideas than I can handle. 9. I have been irritable. 10. It's easy for me to think of jokes and funny stories. 11. I have been feeling like "the life of the party." 12. I have been full of energy. 13. I have been thinking about sex. 14. I have been feeling particularly playful. 15. I have special plans for the world. 16. I have been spending too much money. 17. My attention keeps jumping from one idea to another. 18. I find it hard to slow down and stay in one place.

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5 5 5

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5

A score of 20 or higher on the mania scale (for adults) suggests symptoms of mania. Teens usually score much higher.

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Psychology 101

Goldberg Depression Scale

The items below refer to how you have felt and behaved DURING THE PAST WEEK. For each item, indicate the extent to which it is true, by circling one of the numbers that follows it. Using the following scale: 0 = Not at all

1 = Just a little

2 = Somewhat

3 = Moderately 4 = Quite a lot 5 = Very much =============================================================== 1. I do things slowly. 0 1 2 3 4 5 2. My future seems hopeless. 0 1 2 3 4 5 3. It is hard for me to concentrate on reading. 0 1 2 3 4 5 4. The pleasure and joy has gone out of my life. 0 1 2 3 4 5 5. I have difficulty making decisions. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6. I have lost interest in aspects of life that used to be important to me. 0 1 2 3 4 5 7. I feel sad, blue, and unhappy. 0 1 2 3 4 5 8. I am agitated and keep moving around. 0 1 2 3 4 5 9. I feel fatigued. 0 1 2 3 4 5 10. It takes great effort for me to do simple things. 0 1 2 3 4 5 11. I feel that I am a guilty person who deserves to be punished. 0 1 2 3 4 5 12. I feel like a failure. 0 1 2 3 4 5 13. I feel lifeless - - - more dead than alive. 0 1 2 3 4 5 14. My sleep has been disturbed---too little, too much, or broken sleep. 0 1 2 3 4 5 15. I spend time thinking about HOW I might kill myself. 0 1 2 3 4 5 16. I feel trapped or caught. 0 1 2 3 4 5 17. I feel depressed even when good things happen to me. 0 1 2 3 4 5 18. Without trying to diet, I have lost, or gained, weight. 0 1 2 3 4 5 A score of 15 or higher on the depression scale (for adults) suggests symptoms of depression. Teens usually score much higher.

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Psychology 101

Schizophrenia Notes

Symptoms: 1. _____________ (God, space, big brother, etc) 2. _____________ from external sources 3. Lasts for at least _____________ _____________ 4. _____________ - can’t provide self care 5. Mood swings do not count 6. Not caused be a _____________ _____________ or use of _____________ 7. Not from a developmental disorder (autism) unless there are hallucination Types: _____________: 1. Delusional and frequent auditory hallucinations 2. Scared that somebody is out to “get them” _____________: 1. Disorganized behavior and speech 2. _____________ _____________ - no show of emotion or _____________ _____________ (laughing at a funeral) _____________: 1. Stupor or motor immobility (waxy flexibility) 2. Hyperactivity without purpose and not influenced by external stimuli 3. Peculiar behavior such as _____________, _____________ or _____________ _____________ Type: 1. Does not meet criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic _____________: 2. Patient at one time was _____________ with schizophrenia 3. Still has _____________ _____________ but not as severe.

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Psychology 101

Personality Disorders Paranoid: ____________, ____________, ____________, continually on the lookout for trickery and abuse, jealous, tendency to blame others, cold and humorless Schizoid: has few friends; a "____________ "; ____________ to ____________ and ____________ of others; unable to form ____________ ____________; no warm or tender feelings for other people Sociopath: ____________ ____________ and ____________; takes ____________ of other people for ____________ ____________; feels ____________ ____________ or guilt; appears ____________ and ____________ on the surface; often intelligent

Schizotypal: also aloof and indifferent like the schizoid; ____________ ____________; superstitious beliefs; uses ____________ ____________ and has peculiar ideas; a very mild form of ____________

Borderline: very ____________ ____________; erratic ____________; self- damaging behavior; ____________; unpredictable ____________ and ____________ behavior; ____________; easily angered

Histrionic: overly ____________; ____________ seekers; easily ____________; seductive; ____________ on others; vain, shallow, and ____________; displays ____________, but often ____________ emotions Narcissistic: grandiose; crave ____________ of others; extremely ____________ ____________; feel they are ____________ and special; expects favors from others; emotions are not erratic Compulsive: ____________; preoccupied with ____________, ____________, ____________; more concerned about work than pleasure; serious and formal; cannot express tender feelings Passive-Aggressive: ____________ expresses ____________ by being ____________ and stubborn; procrastinates; ____________ ____________ to feeling ____________; habitually late

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Psychology 101

Therapy Worksheet

* For the exercise: When you select a treatment, specify whether it is A, B, C, etc. If you select drugs as a treatment, specify 1, 2, 3, or 4. Joan can't understand why she feels down and despondent. Just last week she was feeling so wonderful that she decided to quit her job so she could leave for the Himalayas. She just knew she could climb Mt. Everest. Tom's friends say he has a drinking problem. He said he can stop whenever he wants, but secretly he doubts it. Is booze slowly destroying his life? Melissa is unable to sleep, has lost 15 lbs, and cannot concentrate on her studies. She is beginning to feel worthless and suicidal. Barry believes everyone in the hospital is plotting to kill him. He has already punched two nurses, stabbed his psychiatrist in the leg with a fork, and tried to jump out the window. Despite his many drug treatments, he is getting more psychotic and violent. Everyone is afraid of him .Archie is such a perfectionist that it drives others and himself crazy. He always hears himself thinking, "It has to be perfect or it is no good! YOU should always be the best or you are no good!" Anna has this recurring dream about a prince who is searching for her, but she is being held captive by a evil witch. Sometimes it is so scary it wakes her up. The dream started on the anniversary of her father's death. What does it mean? Does it have something to do with her feeling anxious lately? Susan realizes she just has to get over this fear of flying as soon as possible! When she gets the promotion, she will have to travel often. Lyle is bored and unsatisfied with his life. He has his health, a good job, friends, and a happy family - so why does he feel so unfulfilled? Why does he feel something is missing? Martha says, "Joe is a lazy slob! All is does is lay around, drink beer, and watch the games. He doesn't pay any attention to me or help around the house." Joe says, "Martha is such a bitch! Nag, nag, nag!" Sharon has problems relating to other people. She really wants to know what she does wrong. She really wants to know what other people think of her. Willy says he feels so nervous and "hyped-up" that he can't even sit still to talk about what's bothering him - in fact it's sometimes even difficult to talk at all without blocking or stumbling over his words. Harry believes he is the Emperor of Rome because a voice in his lawnmower told him so. Mr. and Mrs. Smith can't stop complaining about their little Johnny. "He won't listen to us, he fights at school, and he's wetting his bed. Why can't he be a good kid like his big brother?" Sam keeps sinking deeper and deeper into depression. He won't take his pills. He doesn't talk or respond to anything. He just lies there all day and stares off into space.

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The Treatments I. Somatic (biological) Treatments A. Drugs ("psychopharmacology") 1. Antipsychotic drugs ..... (major tranquilizers - e.g., the phenothiazines, such as thorazine) 2. Antidepressant drugs ..... (e.g., tricyclics like elavil; MAO inhibitors) 3. Anti-anxiety drugs ..... (minor tranquilizers: benzodiazipines like valium; barbiturates 4. Mood swing drugs (e.g., lithium) B. Psychosurgery, e.g., the frontal lobotomy C. Electro-convulsive treatment ("ECT") II. Individual Psychotherapy A. Psychoanalytic therapy B. Humanistic/Existential Therapy -emphasize the growth and fulfillment of the self, through selfmastery, self-examination and creative expression C. Cognitve Therapy emphasizes teaching patients to identify and modify their distorted thinking and dysfunctional behavior as well as to solve their problems D. Behavioral Therapy E. Child therapy Note: the distinction between "insight" and "action" therapies- insight is where the client gains their own conclusion and action is a therapy to have really quick results. Note: most therapists describe themselves as "eclectic" III. Couples/Marital Therapy (couples/marital may be based on psychoanalytic, humanistic, cognitive, or behavioral theories, or combinations thereof) IV. Group Approaches A. Group therapy B. Family therapy C. Self help groups * For the exercise: When you select a treatment, specify whether it is A, B, C, etc. If you select drugs as a treatment, specify 1, 2, 3, or 4.

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Psychology 101 A Beautiful Mind

As you watch the film- answer the following questions. 1.

What scenes in the drama best illustrate Nash's underdeveloped social skills?

2.

How does he describe himself in relationship to other people?

3.

What are the symptoms that John Nash exhibits? Explain people, thoughts.

4.

What is the scariest part of the mental illness of schizophrenia?

5.

What type of schizophrenia does John Nash Have?

6.

When in the drama does Nash become most touching as a human being struggling to regain a measure of himself?

7.

What is the point of insulin therapy? How does it work?

8. •

What insights has this film given you into the following: symptoms and treatment of schizophrenia:

•

the stigma associated with schizophrenia:

•

the challenges of caring for a schizophrenic:

9.

How would you describe the role Alicia assumes in the marriage after her husband is diagnosed with schizophrenia?

10.

How does John Nash deal with his disease?

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