Project Mag Lev Design

Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design Introduction Now that we know the process needed for an engineer or designer to create an invention or innovation, let’s ...
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Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design Introduction Now that we know the process needed for an engineer or designer to create an invention or innovation, let’s practice the process by designing a Magnetic Levitation Vehicle. Can you imagine if that was all of the information that you were given for an assignment? Engineers must understand the problem that they need to solve as well as the criteria and constraints that they must meet. Therefore, they use a design brief to identify the problem, the expectations, and the constraints. The design brief is necessary in order to complete the first step (Define the Problem) in the design process. Once the problem is defined, the engineering team can continue with the design process knowing that they may have to go back to the beginning and redefine the problem at any point during the process. Remember, the design process is never finished; we can always innovate a product to make improvements or to better meet the needs of today. If you have played with two magnets, you have felt the push and pull as you rotate the polarity of each magnetic or as they snap together in your hand. It feels kind of strange the way it seems to pull on you, yet nothing is holding you. Can you imagine riding in a vehicle powered by such power? It is very different way of thinking about how to move things. That is how some mass transit systems work, by the use of magnetism. This is called magnet levitation or mag lev for short. It is important to understand how levitation works. Magnets in the track repel magnets that are places on the vehicle. The track is lined with two rows of magnets that align with the magnets on either side of the vehicle. A fan powered by an electric motor provides the force needed to move your vehicle. One of the advantages of this mode of transportation is its energy efficiency. The vehicles are able to reach high speeds without a lot of fuel usage. The vehicles move along a guide way that helps to direct the path the vehicle will take. The magnet levitation works by using magnets of one polarity on the guide way and magnets of a different polarity are places on the vehicle. Changing the polarity enables the vehicle’s speed to be controlled. In today's world, there is a need to have fast, cheap, efficient, and environmentally safe transportation to move masses of people. Presently, technologists are working on such a transportation system. The movement of a vehicle on a field of magnetism might be a feasible solution to solve this transportation need. In this Project, you and a partner will design, fabricate, and test a vehicle to run on a field of magnetism. The magnetic levitation vehicle is to run on the provided magnetic track. The elapsed time from one given point to another, as well as the mass of the vehicle will be recorded. From this data, you will compute the average velocity, compute it to others in your class, and determine if there are design changes that can be made to make it faster to improve its efficiency. © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. GTT-Intro Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design – Page 1

Equipment                 

Engineering notebook Pencil Computer Internet & resource materials Mag Lev blank (width: 2 ½”; Length: 3 ½”-6”) 4 magnets (3/4” x 1”) 1 Motor Foam board, cardboard, plastic, or wood 1 propeller blade Scroll Saw Foam cutter Sander/sandpaper Paint Stop watch Wire Adhesive Measuring tools

Constraints:          

The vehicle will need to fit within the following dimensions:  Width – 2.5 inches  Length – 3.5 to 6.0 inches The vehicle must include four magnets (3/4” x 1) The vehicle may be made of any material including cardboard, paper, foam board, plastic, or wood. The vehicle cannot be pushed nor can a slingshot effect be used on it to get it started. No CO2 cartridges, compressed air, rocket engines, or model airplane engines may be used. The system must operate free of human control or interference other than initial set-up. The vehicle must be of a balanced design in order to levitate and glide. The vehicle must look like a land vehicle, yet use the mag lev propulsion. The vehicle will use one motor with propeller for its propulsion. The maximum mass of the vehicle must be 100 grams or 3 ½ ounces.

© 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. GTT-Intro Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design – Page 2

Procedure: This project will take you through the steps of the design process. Make sure that you save your work in your Engineering notebook. As you complete each step in the design process, describe your actions in order to complete the step.

1. Define a Problem a. Design Brief 2. Generate Concepts a. Research b. Brainstorming c. Decision Matrix 3. Develop A Solution a. Technical Drawing 4. Construct and Test Prototype a. Prototype/Model b. Test Report 5. Evaluate Solution a. Project Recommendations 6. Present Solution a. Engineering Notebook/Project Portfolio

© 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. GTT-Intro Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design – Page 3

Mag Lev Design Brief Directions: Record the information needed for your Design Brief as your teacher explains each section of the design brief. You and your partner can decide what you want to design, who will use your design (for example, adult or child), and the purpose of the design. You must include this information in the design brief. Once you complete the design brief, you have completed the first step of the design process. Client: Designer:

Problem Statement:

Design Statement:

Constraints:

Deliverables:

© 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. GTT-Intro Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design – Page 4

Generate Concepts: Research Directions: Use the following ling to help you answer the questions below. http://filebox.vt.edu/users/sfagg/teched/html/maglev_what_is_maglev.htm 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

What is a maglev? How does a maglev work? What is the fastest speed a maglev can travel? What is the force where objects are attracted or repelled to one another? Sketch a bar magnet and Draw the magnetic field lines around the bar magnet: Label the following items with either EDS or EMS. Which one is based on attractive forces? (EDS or EMS?) List 3 advantages & 3 disadvantages of maglev transportation. Name the country that this maglev trains is located in:  Shanghai Maglev, Trans rapid International, JR-Maglev & HSST, and Maglev 2000

10. Match the following dates with the description.  1900, 1930s, 1960s, 1970, 1979, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005  Germans and Japanese begin to research and develop towards their versions of Maglev technology possibly to be used for future development plans for a possible Maglev system.  The HSB study group begins investigating the development and application of high performance, high speed rail systems under contract to the Federal Ministry of Transport.  Operation of the world's first maglev train with longstator propulsion (Transrapid 05) to be licensed for passenger transportation occurs at the International Transportation Exhibition.  A new Maglev train in Shanghai is opened to the public.  Robert Goddard and Emile Bachelet conceived the concept of frictionless trains.  U.S. down selects to 2 maglev projects: (Baltimore - Washington and Pennsylvania)  U.S. down selects to 7 maglev projects: Pennsylvania, Baltimore Washington, Nevada, California, Georgia, Florida, and Louisiana.  The Transrapid system in Shanghai continues success, carrying over 2,500,000 paying passengers and traveling over 800,000 miles.  Hermann Kemper receives a patent for the maglev of trains.  Japan’s version of Maglev train broke the world speed for a manned train. The speed was 280.3mph that was reached on a track near Tokyo.

© 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. GTT-Intro Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design – Page 5

Generate Concepts: Brainstorming Directions: Brainstorm, sketch, and label 4 possible design solutions. When creating your sketches remember: 

Sketches should be neat and clearly indicate each part of the vehicle



You do not need to make the 8ft part of the sketch, just drawing the vehicle.



You do not have to use all materials in the design.



Each sketch needs to have all major parts labeled



Your drawing should be done in pencil



Try to make each sketch and design different.



Since the wind power is your only source of energy, make sure your vehicle utilizes the energy sources as much as possible.



Aerodynamics will also play a small role in the success of your solution – Think of the shape of a plane or high speed train.



Try to make each sketch a different a completely different concept.

IDEA 1

IDEA 2

IDEA 3

IDEA 4

Directions: From the ideas you sketched above, think about the advantages and disadvantages of each design. IDEA 1

IDEA 2

Advantages 1. 2.

Advantages 1. 2.

Disadvantages 1. 2.

Disadvantages 1. 2.

© 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. GTT-Intro Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design – Page 6

Develop A Solution Technical Drawing / Multi-view Drawing Pick the best design of your four ideas. Make sure your drawing meets the following criteria: 

The final drawing is to be a multi view drawing that clearly illustrates the front, top, side views of your vehicle.



All parts of your design should be dimensioned.



Create a material List in the lower left corner of the drawing. ( A material list should contain all materials you will need to build your prototype.)

Material List Notes:

© 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. GTT-Intro Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design – Page 7

Construct and Test Prototype Once your drawing has been approved by the instructor you will be given the tools and materials specified on your material list to construct your prototype. Your prototype will also be your final product due to material limitations. Consider the following specifications and design hints when beginning fabrication: 

Make sure your vehicle fits with the specified size limits of 6” X 2 ½” – if it is to wide it rubs against the side and will not run properly.



Your vehicle should have a name that is clearly visible somewhere on the vehicle.



You have a limited amount of time to build your prototype, so make sure your effectively plan out your solution before your begin building.



Painting and decoration will enhance the appearance of your vehicle, but do not let them interfere with the performance.

© 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. GTT-Intro Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design – Page 8

Evaluate Prototype After you have completed building your prototype you will enter it into the competition. After you have observed its performance, complete the evaluation questions in your Engineering Notebook. 1. Describe in DETAIL how your vehicle performed during testing. Why did you do well or not so well 2. What are three positive aspects of this design? (Explain each) 3. What are three things you would like to see changed? (Explain each) 4. What problems did you encounter and have to correct? (Find at least one and explain) 5. What was basis for your design? Why did you build it the way you did? 6. Sketch the side view of your final Mag Lev Vehicle.

© 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. GTT-Intro Project 1.2.3 Mag Lev Design – Page 9