Licence Mention Informatique – L2/S4 – 2012

Programmation Object & Genie Logiciel

Burkhart Wolff Département Informatique

But du cours 

Introduction à la programmation avancé en Java (programming „in the small“, concepts du language et techniques de base pour construire des programmes 50000 loc)

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Introduction au Genie Logiciel (programming „in the large“, concepts des processus de développement, de la spécification et d'analyse, techniques de base pour construire des programmes 50 M loc)

2012

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

2

Mise en œuvre associée 

9 cours,

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10 TD,

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5 TP,

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Contrôle des connaissances 

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(vendredi )

1 partiel + 1 examen final

Page WEB avec tous les slides, exercises, liens bibliographiques, infos ... http://www.lri.fr/~wolff/ teach-material/2010-11/L2-POnGL/

2012

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

3

Mise en œuvre associée 

C1 - 28.1, 11:15 - 13:00, [???]: Compléments de Programmation Java

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C2 - 4.2, 11:15 - 13:00, [???]: Compléments sur héritage et redéfinition: covariance/contravariance, redéfinition vs surcharge, héritage vs composition etc.

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C3 - 11.2, 11:15 - 13:00, [???]: Déclaration et gestion des exceptions

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C4 - 18.2, 11:15 - 13:00, [???]: Polymorphisme en Java

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C5 - 4.3, 11:15 - 13:00, [???]: Introduction aux "Patrons de conception" (en TD principalement via des exemples stéréotypes) Introduction Genie Logiciel Cycle de vie du logiciel et documents associés

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C6 - 11.3, 11:15 - 13:00, [???]: Introduction à UML

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C8 - 25.3, 11:15 - 13:00, [???]: UML: diagramme de cas d'utilisation, diagrammes de classes, notions d'invariants.

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C8 - 1.4, 11:15 - 13:00, [???]: Diagrammes de séquence en analyse. Notion de scenario.

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C9 - 8.4., 11:15 - 13:00, [???]: Introduction aux machines à états.

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Partiel: 18.3.2011 (á confirmer) Examen: 27.5.2011 (á confirmer)

2012

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

4

Overview

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What is Object-Orientation ?

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A Gentle Review of Java (Concepts and Syntax)  Types  Control-structures  Methods  Classes  Programs

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Compléments (1)  Inheritance and Casting

2012

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

5

Overview



What is Object-Orientation ?



A Gentle Review of Java (Concepts and Syntax)  Types  Control-structures  Methods  Classes  Programs



Compléments (1)  Inheritance and Casting

2012

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

6

What is OO? OO ... 

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... is „a particular, data-oriented view“ for modeling (see UML) and programming [instead of imperative programming, that tries to put instructions into the center of universe, or functional programming, that is centered around the idea of „functions are first class citizens“.] ... is trying to map „objects of the real world“ to data entities (=objects) of a system ... puts emphasis on data-encapsulation and interfaces turning components of a program or a model exchangeable ... lets objects have  an identity  attributes (fields)  a dynamic and (in modern languages) a static type.

2012

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

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What is OO? Objects ... 

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... are a piece of encapsulated memory. They have in general a mutable state ... have  an identity  attributes (fields) which can be identities (references) of other objects (creating „object graphs“),  a dynamic and (in modern languages) a static type, (or in other words: actual type vs. apparent type)  and viewed in context of a module: a class,  which can be organized into families via sub-typing and inheritance. Objects can be implemented in any (nearly) any language !!!

2012

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

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A Hierarchy od Variants

Not a perfect example ....

Circle Rayon: float : Point  bool area:  float rotate(…)

Figures Origin: Point : Point  bool area:  float move_at(…) rotate(…) Rectangle largeur, longueur: float : Point  bool area:  float rotate(…)

Point x, y: float shift(dx, dy: float)

Triangle Side: float A1, A2: radian :  bool Aire:  float rotate(…)

Square … 2012

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

9

History of OOP 

OO became popular since the early 80ies, but there is a long story of predecessors [Simula 1967]

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they are not a panacea (Conception ? Test ? Correctness?)

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not a concensus on all features ?   

    

2012

typed (Ada95, C++, Eiffel, Java, C#) or not typed (Smalltalk) ? simple inheritance (Ada95, Java, C#) or multiple inh. (C++) ? static (C++, C# by default) or dynamic binding (Java) of methods? Or both (C++, C#, Ada95) ? Classes: static (C++, Ada) ou dynamic (Java, C#) ? « 100% object»(Eiffel, C#) or “object oriented”(Java,C++,Ada,C#) Interfaces or abstract classes ? Packages ? Generics or not (Java ? C++ ? C# ? F# ? Scala ?)

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

10

Links ... Procedural Langages

Hybrid Langages LISP (60)

Algol (60) Simula (67) Pascal (74) Ada(83)

Scheme (~70)

Smalltalk (74/80/85)

C (~70) C++ (~80)

CLOS (81)

objC (~85)

Eiffel (85) Ada(95)

Functional Langages

Self (90)

Java(~95)

C# (~98) F# (2002)

Scala (2001) 2012

ML (~80), SML, CAML (~90) HASKELL,…

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

Not considered: Parallelism Scripting Languages Logical prog. PROLOG … 11

Overview



What is Object-Orientation ?



A Gentle Review of Java (Concepts and Syntax)  Types  Control-structures  Methods  Classes  Programs



Compléments (1)  Inheritance and Casting

2012

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

12

Review: Types (1) 

Java is a (statically) typed language. So it has: 

Types for Built-in Operations

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Class-Types (i.e. Types resulting from a Class declaration

2012

B. Wolff, L2-PO&GL, Introduction

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Review: Types (2) Base Types

Name

Constants

Common Operators

booleans integers

boolean true false && (and) || (or) ! (not) int 132 -67 3e8 - (unary,bin.) + * / % (modulo) - - ++ > >= < >= < >= < >= < >= < >= < >= <