Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Derek LeRoith Editor Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes From Science to Therapy Editor Derek LeRoith, MD, PhD Department...
Author: Paul Gray
4 downloads 0 Views 101KB Size
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

Derek LeRoith Editor

Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes From Science to Therapy

Editor Derek LeRoith, MD, PhD Department of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA

ISBN 978-1-4614-3313-2 ISBN 978-1-4614-3314-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3314-9 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012936664 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Epidemiological data demonstrate very convincingly that there is a world-wide epidemic of obesity. This epidemic has driven a similar increase in cases of metabolic syndrome and eventually Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, a very worrisome increase in obesity and Type 2 diabetes is occurring in the adolescence. The health risks associated with these epidemics are well known and indeed affect most organs and tissues of the human body. A critical point of discussion has been how to deal with the obesity epidemic and therefore prevent the increase in Type 2 diabetes with all its ramifications. This book has been complied to discuss the various aspects of both the understanding of the pathophysiology and ways to implement prevention. It deals with the epidemic in adults as well as children, it discusses local, national, and international programs set up to prevent diabetes and also the recent trials using changes in lifestyle and certain oral medications that were shown to either prevent, delay, or suppress the onset of Type 2 diabetes. The chapters are all brought to the reader by world experts and we believe that the reader will find valuable information in the book. New York, NY, USA

Derek LeRoith

v

Acknowledgement

My thanks to the authors for their contributions. Derek Leroith

vii

Contents

1

Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes; from Science to Therapies ................ Emily Jane Gallagher and Derek LeRoith

1

2

Pathophysiology: Loss of b-Cell Function ........................................... Ele Ferrannini and Andrea Mari

11

3

Pathophysiology of Insulin Resistance: Implications for Prevention ......................................................................................... Shamsa Ali and Vivian A. Fonseca

31

Epidemiology Including Youth Through Adulthood and Socioeconomic Impact .................................................................... Helen Looker

41

4

5

Prediabetes Genes in Pima and Amish ................................................ Leslie J. Baier

61

6

Predicting Diabetes ................................................................................ Rachel Dankner and Jesse Roth

81

7

Screening for Prediabetes and Diabetes ............................................... Amir Tirosh

103

8

Neuropathy in Prediabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome.................. Aaron I. Vinik and Marie-Laure Nevoret

117

9

Interventional Trials to Prevent Diabetes: Diabetes Prevention Program ............................................................................... Vanita R. Aroda and Robert E. Ratner

10

Decreasing Postprandial Plasma Glucose Using an a-Glucosidase Inhibitor in Subjects with IGT for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The STOP-NIDDM Trial ....................................................................... Jean-Louis Chiasson, Markku Laakso, and Markolf Hanefeld

143

167

ix

x

11

Contents

Da Qing, Finnish DPP, Tripod, and Dream: Lifestyle and Thiazolidinediones in the Prevention of Diabetes............................................................................................... Mariela Glandt and Zachary Bloomgarden

12

Community Approaches to Diabetes Prevention ................................ Ann Albright and David Williamson

13

Think Locally, Act Locally, Extend Globally: Diabetes Prevention Through Partnerships with Local Communities........................................................................ Carol R. Horowitz and Brett Ives

14

189 203

221

Global Challenge in Diabetes Prevention from Practice to Public Health ...................................................................................... Peter E.H. Schwarz

239

Index ................................................................................................................

251

Contributors

Ann Albright, PhD, RD Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Shamsa Ali, MD Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA Vanita R. Aroda, MD MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA Leslie J. Baier, PhD Diabetes Molecular Genetics Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA Zachary Bloomgarden, MD Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Jean-Louis Chiasson, MD Department of Medicin, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada Rachel Dankner, MD, MPH Unit for Cardiovascular Epidemiology, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel Patient Oriented Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, North Shore, New York Ele Ferrannini, MD Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy Vivian A. Fonseca, MD, FRCP Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA xi

xii

Contributors

Emily Jane Gallagher Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Mariela Glandt, MD Medical Director, Diabetes Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel Markolf Hanefeld, MD, PhD Centre for Clinical Studies, Dresden, Germany Carol R. Horowitz, MD, MPH Departments of Health Evidence and Policy and Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Brett Ives, MSN, NP, CDE Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Markku Laakso, MD, PhD Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Derek LeRoith, MD, PhD Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Helen Looker, MD Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Level 7, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK Andrea Mari, PhD Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Research Council, Padova, Italy Marie-Laure Nevoret, MD Strelitz Diabetes Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders and Neuroendocrine Unit, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA Robert E. Ratner, MD MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA Jesse Roth, MD Laboratory of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA Peter E.H. Schwarz, MD Abteilung Prävention und Versorgung des Diabetes, Medizinische Klinik III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresdon, Germany Amir Tirosh, MD, PhD Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

Contributors

xiii

Aaron I. Vinik, MD, PhD, FCP, MACP Strelitz Diabetes Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders and Neuroendocrine Unit, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA David Williamson, PhD Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

Suggest Documents