Who we are (1)

DECUS München e.V.

Potenziale und Herausforderungen der Mobilkommunikation

History

23. DECUS Symposium, Bonn, 29.03.2000 Bernhard Kuhn Leiter Training Mobilkommunikation T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH,Nürnberg 1

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

March 20, 2000

Who we are (2)

•

1981 Corporate Training Department, Philips GmbH

•

1989 Business Unit of Philips Kommunikations Industrie AG

•

Independent GmbH since May 1, 1994, following a Management-Buy-Out

•

1994 Foundation of Subsidiary T.O.P. BusinessConsult GmbH

•

1999 Foundation of Subsidiary T.O.P. BusinessInteractive GmbH

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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March 20, 2000

Our Services

Organization •Mobile Networks •Fixed Networks

. ......................

Fixed Network Communication

Mobile Communication

Organization Development

Staff Development

. .

.

(Nuremberg / Neuss)

(Nuremberg / Neuss)

(Hamburg)

(Hamburg)

.

TK

TM

•100% Subsidiary

.

TD

TF

•Web-based Training 60%

•60% Subsidiary

• Telecommunication Systems and Applications (CallCenter, Mobile Office)

• Operation System Software • Application Software • Software Technology

• Multimedia • GSM, GPRS, UMTS,

Key Figures

Tetrapol, DECT • Network Planning


Total Staff in ´99: 80
~100 Partners world-wide
Training centers: Nuremberg, Hamburg, Neuss
DIN EN ISO 9001 certification since ´93, renewed `00
Total sales ´99: DEM 19.3m © T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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• GSM Project Management

• Organizational Development • Leadership Training

March 20, 2000

Agenda

• Total-Quality-Management

• Marketing and Sales Training

• Process-Management

• Logistics

• Project-Management

• Working Skills Training

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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March 20, 2000

Market Situation

1. Market Situation

Mobile Market Share by Operator (1)

4. HSCSD 5. GPRS

2. Market Evolution Scenarios 3. WAP

150.000

1.200.000

6. EDGE

9.800.000

4.000.000

7. UMTS

Intention of This Presentation: • To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision

(Mar 00)

•To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market Aspects © T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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10.200.000 March 20, 2000

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March 20, 2000

1

Market Situation

Market Situation

Mobile Market Share by Operator (2)

Mobile Market Share by Vendor (1)

14% 30%

1%

5% 16%

Others 6%

39%

4%

(Mar 00)

46%

39%

Source: Telecom Handel 2000 7

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

March 20, 2000

Market Situation

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

2G Mobile Technologies 101,4 6%

5%

10%

48,0 D-AMPS CDMA GSM PDC Analogue

25%

17%

244,3 (Mar 00)

10%

12%

Others

D-AMPS: IS-54, IS-136

CDMA: IS-95

PDC: Japanese TDMA

GSM: GSM 900/1800/1900

Source: Telecom Handel 2000 © T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

Source: Telecoms World, Q1/2000

33,7

42,0

9%

9

March 20, 2000

Agenda

Total No. Of Subscribers: 469.5m 10

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

March 20, 2000

Market Evolution Scenarios

1. Market Situation

Roadmap to the Future (1)

4. HSCSD 5. GPRS

2. Market Evolution Scenarios

Mobile email Mobile Internet Content push ? WAP appl. Telemetry WTA services Telematic Unified messaging WAP appl. STK Information mobile banking E-postcard on-line games SMS-to-email services email-to-SMS CSD mobile to: internet / intranet SMS HSCSD person-to-person

6. EDGE

3. WAP

7. UMTS

Intention of This Presentation: • To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision

some vertical applications

•To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market Aspects © T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

March 20, 2000

Market Situation

Mobile Market Share by Vendor (2) 6%

8

11

1998

March 20, 2000

Mobile multi-media audio, video, text eCommerce on demand mobile shopping ordering / payment Video telephony Video conferencing Video games

UMTS

GPRS 1999

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2001

12

2002

time

March 20, 2000

2

Market Evolution Scenarios Near-Future Service Revenue by Mobile Data

1999 - 2001

E-mail, Fax

5%

7%

Market Evolution Scenarios

3%

1%

Online Banking

1%

LDS

30%

10%

WWW Simple Infoservices Mobile Office Telemetry Games

13%

15%

15%

Payments

•Development of fixed-mobile convergent services •Focus: Western markets •Virtual Private Networks (VPN) •Combined voice mailbox, personal number •IN-based call forwarding •2nd fixed line for web services •Combined billing systems •Fixed-mobile switches present, but limited use •Interconnection and national roaming •General telecommunication licences

Telematics

Source: Siemens 1999 13

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

Source: Ovum 2000 March 20, 2000

Market Evolution Scenarios

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Market Evolution Scenarios

2002 - 2004

2005 - 2007

•Convergent services widely used •Mobile voice > fixed voice •Internal mobile services integrated to LAN •3G systems operational with ATM-based backbones •Same IN base for fixed and mobile networks •Unified messaging widely used •Mobile docking stations for home office use •Network operator - IT co. Partnerships for efficient service creation and delivery

•Fixed-mobile integration is standard •Mobile traffic (voice & data) > fixed traffic •Fixed network focussed on web services • for in-house communication •Intensive competition •Convergent products are crucial for full-scale providers •Time to market for new services: some weeks •Intensive use of value added services

Source: Ovum 2000 15

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

March 20, 2000

Market Evolution Scenarios

Source: Ovum 2000 © T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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March 20, 2000

Market Evolution Scenarios

GSM Subscriber Growth (1)

Source: Mobilcom 2000

GSM Subscriber Growth (2)

600

60

500

50

Million Subscribers

400 300 200 100

Source: Mobilcom 2000

40 30 20 10 0

0 1999

2000 17

2001

2002

2003

19 97

1998 © T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

March 20, 2000

19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07

Million Subscribers

March 20, 2000

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March 20, 2000

3

Market Evolution Scenarios Mobile Technologies per Generation

19

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Market Evolution Scenarios

250 200

WAP GSM UMTS GPRS

150 100 50

• • • •

10

09

20

07

08

20

06

04

05

20

20

March 20, 2000

•

03

Migration of GSM (2G) towards 2.5G in Competition to IMT-2000 (3G)

2002

SMG: Special Mobile Group 3GPP: 3G Partnership Project ETSI: European Telecommunication Standards Insitute HSCSD: High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data GPRS: General Packet Radio Service EDGE: Enhanced Data Rate for Global Evolution UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System WAP: Wireless Application Protocol

EDGE 2

UMTS

2Mbps

2Mbps

EDGE

2001

E-GPRS / ECSD 384kbps

GPRS 2000

115.2kbps

HSCSD 1999

1996

57.2kbps

GSM Phase 2

WAP

9.6kbps

SMG

3GPP

20

02 20

20

00 20

99 19

01

0 98

20

99

• • •

19

20

Roadmap to the Future (2)

Souce: Durlacher, Dataquest

300 Million Subscribers

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

Market Evolution Scenarios

Mobile Technologies in Europe

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

0 19

Source: Mobilcom 2000

20

2009

2006

2003

2000

1997

1994

1991

0

200

03

500

400

20

1.000

2. Gen. 2.5. Gen. 3. Gen.

600

20

1.500

800

01

2.000

1.000

02

2.500

20

3.000

Souce: UMTS Forum 1999

1.200

20

Million Subscribers, worldwide

Million Subscribers

3.500

00

Mobile Catch-Up

20

Market Evolution Scenarios

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March 20, 2000

Agenda

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March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

1. Market Situation

The Idea

4. HSCSD 5. GPRS

2. Market Evolution Scenarios

• Wireless web browsing

6. EDGE

3. WAP

7. UMTS Internet

Intention of This Presentation: • To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision •To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market Aspects © T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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March 20, 2000

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March 20, 2000

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Wireless Application Protocol

Wireless Application Protocol

Problems (1)

Problems (2)

• Operation: with one single finger • Hardware:

• Software

– – – – – –

– Use of www formats

Display with only 4-10 lines Keypad (0...9, *, #) Cursor controlling (function key) Dedicated keys Programmable defining of keys (soft key) No mouse pointer (point-and-click)

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– Presentation of www formats (mini-display vs. complex web page)

March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

March 20, 2000

WAP as a Standard (1)

• Low data rate (MTU 100byte)

• Global wireless protocol specification

• Transmission time (delay of several seconds)

• Variety of transport options and device types

• Lost of information on the air interface due to interference

• To develop new differentiated service

• Often half-duplex transmission (download scenarios) • Addressing of data packets

27

• More and varied applications, advanced services and internet / intranet access

• Cost efficiency March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

WAP as a Standard (2)

WWW Model (1) • Provides a very flexible and powerful model

• Multi-vendor approach • WAP Forum originally consisted of 5 manufacturers

• Set of standard data formats • Web browsers

Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, Unwired Planet a.o. • Achieve universal internet-based information access on wireless devices

• HTML • Includes all the mechanisms to communicate with any origin server

• Environment based fundamentally on the World Wide Web © T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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Wireless Application Protocol

Problems (3)

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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March 20, 2000

• Most common used protocols are HTTP © T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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March 20, 2000

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Wireless Application Protocol

Wireless Application Protocol

WWW Model (2)

WAE Model (1)

Client

• Model closely follows that of the WWW • Transports before an 'optimised' HTTP-like protocol is used when transferring the content across the air interface • The WAE architecture allows, services developed by using proven technologies such as Common Gateway Interface (CGI) and Java, to be hosted on standard web servers

Origin Server

Request (URL) User Agent Response (Content)

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

CGI; Script Content

31

March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

WAE Model (2)

WAE Model (3) Client

• Reflection the device and network characteristics

WAE WAE UserAgent Agent User

• Responsible for encoding and decoding data • Minimising the amount of data

33

Origin Server

Gateway

Encoded Request

• Call control and messaging

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

Request

Encoded Content

March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

CGI; Script

Content Content Encoders&& Encoders Decoders Decoders

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

Content

Content

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March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

WAP Key Features

WAP Network WAP Proxy

• WAP client is able to communicate with two servers

binary WML

Wireless Wireless Network Network

(WAP-Proxy and WTA)

WML

• WAP proxy server translates WAP request messages WML

into WWW request messages WTA

• Encoding of contents into a binary WML

Server

Filter

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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March 20, 2000

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

WWW Server

HTML

36

HTML

March 20, 2000

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Wireless Application Protocol

Wireless Application Protocol WAP Protocol Stack

WAP Navigation (1) Other Services &

• Transaction oriented model (non-surf oriented)

Applications
Wireless Session Protocol

• „Cards“ & „Decks“ for selecting an application (mail, banking ...)

 Wireless Transaction Protocol

• Function (soft) keys are context dependent

 Wireless Transport Layer Security

• Navigation = browsing with display-cards of command stacks

 Wireless Application Environment

Network Data ... Bearer Service Other Wireless Systems

GPRS

Circuit-Switched Data

Cell Broadcast

SMS

USSD


-

GSM 37

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

Bank Intra Shop Mail Press 1 for“sending” Press 2 for“receiving” Press 3 for“new” Press 4 for“reading” Press # for“other card”

39

March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

Telephone VAS (1) • Embedding of phones and WWW in one surface • Installation of new services • Access with WML scripts via micro-browser or own user interface – network and equipment independent subscriber administration – prepared for new services....

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March 20, 2000

Narrow-band Sockets (1) Filter

HTML

WAP Proxy

WML

Wireless Network

HTML

Filter WAP Proxy

• Advanced interfaces (TAPI, WinSock) for narrowband network access • Protocols: WTP (transport), WSP (session) • Version 1.1 for Win9x and NT • Regular part of WinSock 2.0 (Win98) • Open specification, up to now for GSM, in future also for CDPD, TDMA, CDMA • „Always On - Always Connected“ (AOAC)

WML

WML

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

March 20, 2000

Wireless Application Protocol

Telephone VAS (2)

Web Server

38

Wireless Application Protocol

WAP Navigation WAP (2)

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

WML

41

TeleVAS Server

WML

March 20, 2000

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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March 20, 2000

7

Agenda

Wireless Application Protocol Narrow-band Sockets (2)

1. Market Situation

Internet

GSM WAP Phone

Desktops

APP1 Sockets NBS SMS

SMS

Gateway Sockets NBS TCP/ SMS IP

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

TCP

Gateway Sockets TCP/ NBS IP Mobitex

Mobitex

APP1 Sockets NBS SMS

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March 20, 2000

•To Focus on Technical Aspects Rather Than on Market Aspects

Standard Channel Coding

240

244

Convolutional Code

Puncturing 488 - 32

22.8 kbps

(9.6 net) March 20, 2000

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

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March 20, 2000

High-Speed Circuit Switched Data Characteristics

bits / 20ms

588

456

• C Higher net bit rate :

1/2 Rate Convolutional Code

Puncturing 588 - 132

14.5 kbps 22.8 kbps

(14.4 net) © T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

456

12 kbps

Improved Channel Coding

Block Code 290 + 4

bits / 20ms 488

1/2 Rate

Block Code 240 + 4

High-Speed Circuit Switched Data

294

March 20, 2000

High-Speed Circuit Switched Data

• Net bit rate boost 9.6 14.4 kbps by improved channel coding • Smooth integration to infrastructure by SW updates • TCH bundeling 1...4 • symmetric / asymmetric mode • implemented by ~20 NO world-wide in Germany , by year-end 2000 • GSM 02.34 (Stage 1) • GSM 03.34 (Stage 2)

290

44

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

Key Features

45

7. UMTS

• To Provide a High-level Overview of 2.5/3G Technologies´ Possibilities For Service Provision

Notebook

High-Speed Circuit Switched Data

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

6. EDGE

3. WAP Intention of This Presentation:

NBS Gateway

NBS Gateway

Notebook

Service Center

Web Server

5. GPRS

2. Market Evolution Scenarios

PDA

Service Center

4. HSCSD

Mobitex

47

March 20, 2000

• • • •

3 x 9.6 = 28.8kbps

3 x 14.4 = 43.2kbps

D Less resistant against interferences D Handover problems at cell borders D Variable Bit Rate (Charging?) Adaptive Link Adaptation selects either standard or improved channel coding according to transmission quality (BER) for optimized data transmission

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March 20, 2000

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High-Speed Circuit Switched Data

High-Speed Circuit Switched Data HSCSD Architecture

Available Bit Rates

TCH

9.6 kbps Input 9.6 19.2 28.8 38.4

1 2 3 4

49

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

PSTN ISDN PDN

14.4 kbps Input 14.4 28.8 43.2 57.6

BTS

TRAU MSC

Max.

IWF

4 TCH March 20, 2000

High-Speed Circuit Switched Data

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March 20, 2000

High-Speed Circuit Switched Data

Split-Combine Function

Impact on Mobile Station

• Located in IWF of MSC and MS • IWF /MSC

• 18 different classes according to possible TCH combinations • asymmetric combinations (> DL, < UL) • symmetric combinations (DL = UL) • Phase 1: (TCH)DL + (TCH)UL < 4 – traffic + monitoring with 1 RF part • Only Nokia Cellular Card V2.0 available

– Switching capability: 64kbps – Max. no. of 4 TCH at 16kbps

• MS – – – –

BSC

3 TS offset between TX and RX min. 1 TS required to switch between TX and RX path TS for adjacent cell monitoring Max. no. of 4 TCH (with 2nd RX) 51

© T.O.P. BusinessTraining GmbH, TM / BKU, V1.0

March 20, 2000

High-Speed Circuit Switched Data

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March 20, 2000

High-Speed Circuit Switched Data

TS Allocation Examples

Multi-slot Class 1 MS

1+1 Mode 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

5

6

7

0

1

2

3

4

5

MS RX

TCH

MS TX

DL+UL

MS Monitor

1+1 2+2 2+1 3+1

2+1 Mode 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

5

6

7

0

1

2

3

4

5

MS RX

MS TX

DL Bit Rate (kbps)