Portland’s Water System
Don Holmes Sustainability Coordinator Portland Water Bureau
Portland’s Water System
Bull Run Lake z
z
z
1895 - First flowed to Portland 1917 – Small dam constructed 4 billion gallons
Dam No. 1 z
z z
Constructed in 1929 194 feet tall 9.9 billion gallons
Dam No. 2 z
z
z
Constructed in 1962 Earth Filled Dam 6.8 billion gallons
Rain Driven System z
z
Portland – Less than 40 inches of average rainfall Bull Run – 138 in of average rainfall
Some areas as high as 170 inches/year
Rain Driven System 1000
Seasonality of Water Supply
900
800
700
600
Actual 2003 Demand (mgd) Actual 2003 Flow at USGS Gage Below Headworks (mgd)
500
Actual 2003 Reservoir Inflow (mgd) 400
300
200
100
30-Dec
17-Dec
4-Dec
21-Nov
8-Nov
26-Oct
13-Oct
30-Sep
17-Sep
4-Sep
22-Aug
9-Aug
27-Jul
1-Jul
14-Jul
18-Jun
5-Jun
23-May
10-May
27-Apr
14-Apr
1-Apr
19-Mar
6-Mar
22-Feb
9-Feb
27-Jan
14-Jan
1-Jan
0
Drawdown Summer Flow Commitments to listed Salmon & Steelhead
Wells Cl2 & NH3
Headworks Groundwater Pump Station
Cl2
Bull Run Reservoir 2
To Mt. Tabor To Washington Co.
NH3 & NaOH
Lusted Hill Powell Butte Reservoir (50 mg)
100 MGD average 200 MGD peak
Portland Water Usage (2004-2005) z z z
z z z
Total Population Served = 770,250 Winter System Production = 83 MGD Summer System Production = 123 MGD (peak 187 MGD) Residential Per Person = 63 GPD Total Portland Usage = 20.1 BG Total Wholesale Usage = 12.8 BG (39%)
Building Blocks Indoor Water Efficiency z
Questions to consider
z
How low is too low? – At what point do you sacrifice performance? What size appliances do I need?
Building Blocks
Building Blocks Average of Total Indoor Water Use Other
Toilet
Leaks
6% 12%
Faucet
26%
15%
23% 18% Laundry Shower
Building Blocks Indoor Water Efficiency z
Showerheads
Residential Code - 2.5 gpm Showerheads - 1.0 gpm to 2.5 gpm z low pressure/old pipes reduce flow z Low flows can affect water temp Shut-off devices are available
Building Blocks Indoor Water Efficiency z
Faucets
Residential Code - 2.5 gpm Faucets - .5 gpm to 2.5 gpm Is .5 gpm too low? z low pressure/old pipes reduce flow z Low flows can affect water temp Shut-off devices are available
Building Blocks Indoor Water Efficiency z
Toilets
Residential Code - 1.6 gpf Dual-flush toilets - .8 to 1.6 gpf Pressure assist toilets – 1.0 to 1.6 gpf Flapperless toilets – 1.6 gpf
Building Blocks Indoor Water Efficiency z
Washing Machines
Front loading vs. top loading Properly size the machine Moisture sensor is a must
Building Blocks Indoor Water Efficiency z
Dishwashers
Older Dishwashers 7 to 14 gpl New efficient models 4 gpl Generally dishwashers use less water than doing dishes by hand. Again.. Consider proper sizing
Building Blocks Indoor Water Efficiency z
Heating water
Traditional water heaters Solar water heaters On demand hot water - 4 year payback Tankless water heaters – Check sizing
Building Blocks Outdoor Water Efficiency z
Informed site design and decision making
Soil prep Turf choices Plant selection Using hardscapes Irrigation Creative rainwater use
Building Blocks Outdoor Water Efficiency z
Get to know your soil
Test your soil – pH, beneficials (micro nutrients and bugs) Soil probes – root depth, soil type, water needs Add compost to improve soil nutrients and water holding capacity (50-25-25)
Building Blocks Outdoor Water Efficiency z
To Turf or Not To Turf
Assess landscape uses/needs Create functional turf areas Alternative turf types z Eco Lawn
Building Blocks Outdoor Water Efficiency z
Use hardscape features as a decorative elements
Building Blocks Outdoor Water Efficiency z
Plant Selection – Right Plant, Right Place
z
Know your Plants Needs Group plants with similar watering needs
Map your Microclimates
Sun and shade variations Soil variations Wind variations
Building Blocks Outdoor Water Efficiency z
General Irrigation Tips
z
In the morning is most efficient No Irrigation Run Off
Turf Irrigation Tips
Lawns need 1 inch each week De-thatch and aerate to allow infiltration
Building Blocks Outdoor Water Efficiency z
The Hose & Watering Can Method
z z
Shut off nozzles for hose
Soaker Hoses Drip Irrigation
Flush system annually Match drip output to plant needs
Building Blocks Outdoor Water Efficiency z
Automatic Sprinkler Systems
Monitor your pressure Proper Head Placement and Spacing System maintenance Flow Sensors Rain Sensors Efficient sprinkler heads
Building Blocks Outdoor Water Efficiency z
Weather-based Irrigation Controllers
Use data from regional weather stations to set schedules z One-way systems z Two-way systems Site sensors – Solar radiation, temperature, rain, and wind
Building Blocks Outdoor Water Efficiency Weather-based Irrigation Controllers
Irrigation Water
z
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Creative Rainwater Use z
Channeling stormwater to decorative features
Streams Water features Decorative features Swales Ponds
Creative Rainwater Use z z
Ecoroofs Rain Barrels
Rainwater Harvesting: For Residential Projects
Rainwater Harvesting: For Residential Projects PRESENTED BY:
LANDO AND ASSOCIATES
landscape architecture
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE ARCHITECT: deBAR ARCHITECTURE GENERAL CONTRACTOR: COHO CONSTRUCTION RAINWATER SYSTEM: LANDO AND ASSOCIATES
LOCATION
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
RWH DESIGN PROGRAM PROGRAM 36” ANNUAL RAIN PARAMETERS PARAMETERS
1144 FT2 ROOF AREA 26,000gal ANNUALLY
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
RWH DESIGN PARAMETERS PROGRAM PROGRAM USERS USERS 2 ADULT, 1 CHILD
55gal / PERSON / DAY Req 4,950 gal / MONTH
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
RWH DESIGN PARAMETERS PROGRAM USERS PROGRAM PROGRAM GOALS GOALS 5,000gal CAPACITY
28 DAY STORAGE 100% POTABLE SYSTEM OPERATES LIKE “NORMAL”
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
RESIDENCE RESIDENCE
DOMESTIC DOMESTIC USE USE
RWH SYSTEM DIAGRAM ROOF WASHER
COLLECTION COLLECTION
DEVICE DEVICE
PUMP PUMP DOMESTIC DOMESTIC SUPPLY SUPPLY DISPOSAL DISPOSAL CROSS CROSS CONTAMINATION CONTAMINATION
“R.P.” “R.P.”
AIR AIR GAP GAP
CISTERN CISTERN
INFILTRATION INFILTRATION
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
SYSTEM COMPONENTS CONVEYANCE CONVEYANCE METAL ROOF
GUTTERS DOWNSPOUTS ROOF WASHER RAIN DRAINS
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
SYSTEM COMPONENTS CONVEYANCE STORAGE STORAGE 2 - 1700 gal. CISTERNS
DIRECT BURIAL FOOD GRADE HDPE VEHICLE RATING COST
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
SYSTEM COMPONENTS CONVEYANCE STORAGE TREATMENT TREATMENT & & ROOF WASHERS DISPOSAL DISPOSAL
INFILTRATION TRENCH
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
SYSTEM COMPONENTS CONVEYANCE STORAGE ROOF ROOF WASHERS WASHERS 800 SQ. FT CAPACITY
10 GAL. 1ST FLUSH LARGE PARTICULATE FILTER
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE SEDIMENT FILTER 20 mic.
CONTROLLER
SYSTEM COMPONENTS CONVEYANCE STORAGE ROOF WASHERS
PRESSURE TANK SEDIMENT FILTER
MECHANICAL MECHANICAL PUMP
10mic.
CONTROLLER PRESSURE TANK FILTERS
CHARCOAL FILTER ULTRAVIOLET FILTER
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
SYSTEM COMPONENTS CONVEYANCE STORAGE ROOF WASHERS MECHANICAL RAIN RAIN WATER WATER SUPPLY SUPPLY CITY CITY SUPPLY SUPPLY VALVES VALVES
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES SITE SITE RESTRICTIONS RESTRICTIONS CISTERN LOCATION
STORAGE CAPACITY COST
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES SITE RESTRICTIONS PERMITTING PERMITTING CODE APPEAL
WATER TESTING SYSTEM ABANDONMENT
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES SITE RESTRICTIONS PERMITTING COST COST ANALYSIS ANALYSIS WATER USE
CAPACITY EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
BACON-BRENES 3,500 gal. RESIDENCE POTABLE
CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES SITE RESTRICTIONS PERMITTING COST ANALYSIS CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION PERMITTING COSTS COSTS
MATERIALS LABOR
2,00 0gal. OREGON NATURAL LANDO AND ASSOCIATES RESOURCE COUNCIL NON-POTABLE
Landscape architecture
2,00 0gal. OREGON NATURAL LANDO AND ASSOCIATES RESOURCE COUNCIL NON-POTABLE
Landscape architecture
STORMWATER MGMT EXISTING EXISTING SITE SITE
1/3 ACRE
ROOF AREA 5,250 SQ. FT. PAVED AREA 9,200 SQ. FT. LANDSCAPE AREA 950 SQ. FT. SUMMARY: 6% PERMEABLE
2,00 0 gal. OREGON NATURAL LANDO AND ASSOCIATES RESOURCE COUNCIL NON-POTABLE
Landscape architecture
STORMWATER MGMT DESIGNED DESIGNED SITE SITE 1/3 ACRE ROOF AREA 5,250 SQ. FT. PAVING AREA 5,080 SQ. FT. GRAVEL WALK 225 SQ. FT. LANDSCAPE AREA 4,845 SQ. FT. SUMMARY: 65% PERMEABLE
2,00 0 gal. OREGON NATURAL LANDO AND ASSOCIATES RESOURCE COUNCIL NON-POTABLE
Landscape architecture
RWH SYSTEM DESIGN INFILTRATION STORAGE SURFACE FLOW CISTERN OVERFLOW TREATMENT/DISPOSAL
2,00 0 gal. OREGON NATURAL LANDO AND ASSOCIATES RESOURCE COUNCIL NON-POTABLE
Landscape architecture
OPEN SPACE | PUBLIC WORK
OPEN SPACE | PUBLIC WORK
14,000 gal. CONFLUENCE LANDOPROJECT AND ASSOCIATES LANDBRIDGE NON-POTABLE
Landscape architecture
14,000 gal. CONFLUENCE LANDOPROJECT AND ASSOCIATES LANDBRIDGE NON-POTABLE
Landscape architecture
SYSTEM ORIENTATION OPPORTUNITY & SITE RESTRICTIONS OPPORTUNITY & CISTERN LOCATION CONSTRAINTS CONSTRAINTS
STORAGE CAPACITY COST
13,000 gal. U.S.G.B.C. LEGACY PROJECT LANDO AND ASSOCIATES ZENGER FARM POTABLE
Landscape architecture
U.S.G.B.C. LEGACY PROJECT 13,000 gal. ZENGER FARM POTABLE
SYSTEM ORIENTATION OPPORTUNITY & SITE RESTRICTIONS OPPORTUNITY & CISTERN LOCATIONS CONSTRAINTS CONSTRAINTS
MULTI-PHASED COST
26,000 gal. STUTZ RESIDENCE LANDO AND ASSOCIATES NON-POTABLE
Landscape architecture
26,000 gal. STUTZ RESIDENCE LANDO AND ASSOCIATES NON-POTABLE
Landscape architecture CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITY & SITE RESTRICTIONS OPPORTUNITY & CISTERN LOCATION CONSTRAINTS CONSTRAINTS
SEISMIC REQ. WATER COLLECTION
SNYDER RESIDENCE 6,000 gal. POTABLE
6,000 gal. SNYDER RESIDENCE LANDO AND ASSOCIATES POTABLE
Landscape architecture
6,000 gal. SNYDER RESIDENCE LANDO AND ASSOCIATES POTABLE
Landscape architecture
6,000 gal. SNYDER RESIDENCE LANDO AND ASSOCIATES POTABLE
Landscape architecture
6,000 gal. SNYDER RESIDENCE LANDO AND ASSOCIATES POTABLE
Landscape architecture
6,000 gal. SNYDER RESIDENCE LANDO AND ASSOCIATES POTABLE
Landscape architecture
6,000 gal. SNYDER RESIDENCE LANDO AND ASSOCIATES POTABLE
Landscape architecture