GINIE: Geographic Information Network in Europe IST-2000-29493
Portfolio of Case Studies
D3.6.2
Editor: Chris Corbin Partner: EUROGI 7th October 2003 Project Co-ordinator University of Sheffield – USFD Partners European Umbrella Organisation for Geographic information – EUROGI Joint Research Centre of the European Commission – JRC Open GIS Consortium (Europe) - OGCE
GINIE Geographic Information Case Studies
Contents Section
Description
Page
1
Introduction
3
2
Sweden – Road Safety: Intelligent Speed Adaptation
4
3
4
GINIE D3.6.2
– Swedish National Road Database
6
- Educational support programme: StrateGIS
8
Switzerland – Watershed delineation – Planning Public Transport
10 12
Annex – Case Study template
14
Page 2
GINIE Geographic Information Case Studies Introduction Geographic Information (GI) and the associated technologies are increasingly used throughout Europe to support a very wide range of activities within the European economy. The GINIE case study portfolio brings together a number of easy to assimilate case studies on how GI and the associated technologies are delivering real benefits today. The GINIE case study initiative is made up of a number of components: -
An online case study search engine, which enables case studies of interest to the viewer to be located. Case Study portfolios that bring together a small number of case studies from a range of European nations. These case studies can also be located using the case study engine. A loose leaf picture book
To assist the production of the case studies the GINIE project has provided authors with a template for guidance. (Refer to Annex A of this document) The objective of each case study is to describe in non-technical language the real world requirement that GI and the associated technologies has been used to address, and the benefits that have accrued. This document represents the second collation of five case studies from the Sweden and Switzerland. The first collation contained four case studies from the Czech Republic and Italy and can be obtained from the GINIE web site www.ec-gis.org
Chris Corbin Editor GINIE Project October 2003
GINIE D3.6.2
Page 3
Case Study
Intelligent Speed Adaptation Torbjörn Biding Swedish National Road Administration
[email protected] Keywords: Intelligent Speed Adaptation, ISA, Road Safety, Environment, Vehicles, Speed Limit, and Traffic
Description of Application Between 1999-2002, the Swedish National Road Administration conducted a large-scale trial involving Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) in urban areas. Several thousand vehicles were equipped with voluntary, supportive and informative systems to help keep drivers from exceeding the speed limit. The aim of the trial, which was conducted jointly by the Swedish National Road Administration and four Swedish municipalities, was to learn more about: - driver attitudes and how they use the systems, - the impact on road safety and the environment, - the integration of the systems in vehicles, and - the prospects for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) on a large scale. The systems were tested in Borlänge, Lidköping, Lund, and Umeå, where the local authorities were responsible for running the trials in their respective municipalities. Benefits -
Better road safety without increasing travel time, If everyone had ISA, there could be 20-30% fewer road injuries in urban areas, High acceptance of ISA, and after the trial most test drivers were of the opinion that ISA should be compulsory in urban areas, and ISA vehicles were found to have a positive influence on surrounding traffic.
Issues In 1999, the planning of how the trial would be implemented and evaluated started. In 2000, the systems were being installed in the vehicles. Most of the actual field trial was carried out in 2001. About 5 000 vehicles, driven by over 10 000 drivers tried the systems. This means that there are many people who can testify first-hand about what it is like to drive a vehicle supported by an ISA system. Numerous surveys and interviews were conducted throughout the trial period. All the data collected trial was compiled and analysed in 2002. At the same time, invaluable experience was gained from which to continue discussing the future introduction of ISA on the market. Aside from the benefits, the evaluation found out that: - Minor differences between the systems, with an average speed reduction of 3-4 km/h on stretches between intersections and GINIE
Page 1
Case Study
-
The systems must be improved to become more attractive.
Based on the experience from the Swedish ISA project as regards implementation, evaluation, technology, information, and the dialogue on the issues involved in a market introduction, the following recommendations can be made as input in the continuation of this dialogue. - The results from the project are clearly positive from a road safety point of view and do not appear to have any essential negative side effects. We therefore strongly recommend that the public and private sectors work in partnership to launch the system on the market as soon as possible, - The Swedish National Road Administration should, immediately and together, with the automotive industry start drawing up agreements that ISA systems will be selectively as a standard option in new vehicles. These agreements should be fully drawn up by no later than 2005. In the negotiations with the automotive industry, a decision should be made that the regulations would apply from a specific year (like somewhere between 2008 and 2010) which would give the automotive industry a reasonable amount of time to develop and install ISA systems as a standard feature, - The Swedish National Road Administration should set a good example by having ISA systems installed in its own vehicle fleet by 2005, and - In conjunction with this, the speed limit system and surveillance policies must be revised with a view to the new potential provided by ITS. Data Used The systems needed following data to work: - GPS to estimate the vehicle location, - A local database with the road network and time-various speed limits, - A local network of reference transmitters (transponders) was used in the Umeå test area, and - The ordinary speed meter or GPS provided the speed limits. Funding Over the three years of the project, the Swedish National Road Administration provided EURO 8 million in funding, and was also responsible for the overall co-ordination of the technology involved, as well as for evaluating the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the various systems. Acknowledgements More information about the project can be found on www.vv.se/isa .
GINIE
Page 2
Case Study
Swedish National Road Database Caroline Ottoson Swedish National Road Administration
[email protected] Keywords: Road Data, Transport, Navigation, Traffic, Planning, Logistics, and Infrastructure
Description of Application A national road database (NVDB) is being established in Sweden in joint co-operation between the public and private sector. The database is seen as a digital infrastructure that is expected to be of major importance within many different areas. For instance, up-to-date and quality-assured data will be available throughout the entire country, in addition to a standardised structure for describing road and traffic data being established. The Swedish approach aims at data registration at source, which enables a high level of up-to-dateness in the information provided. Contracts are signed with data suppliers who share joint rights to the data, and the data will be available to everyone on equal terms at a price that promotes widespread use. Benefits -
Public transport, school buses, and refuse collections are operations where planning and co-ordination can be made more efficient thanks to the national road database, Traffic planning, accident analysis, and environmental endeavours are other areas that would benefit from a complete overview of the road network, Beneficial for traffic safety, dangerous transports, and tourist industry, A cornerstone for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), and Makes transportation and travels more efficient (only transports within the Forest Industry are estimated to earn EURO 11 million annually thanks to better data).
Issues When the Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA) was assigned the task of establishing a national road database, a number of important fundamental premises were pointed out. The Swedish approach is based on the following cornerstones: - The national road database shall be the basis for all information concerning the Swedish road network, - The database shall cover the entire country but only contain basic road-related data, - It shall be possible to use road data in many different applications in combination with other data, - The national road database shall be set up in co-operation between the players most closely concerned (the SNRA, the National Land Survey, the Association of Local Authorities and the forestry industry),
GINIE
Page 1
Case Study
-
-
Existing databases will be utilised, The quality of the data shall be well-defined, The data shall be highly current and one way to achieve this is through registration at source, i.e., the responsibility for keeping the data up-to-date should be related as far as possible to responsibility for road management, Contracts will be signed with data suppliers who share the rights to the data, The data shall be structured to comply with the standardisation within the field of geographic information, and also so that it can be delivered in GDF format, The data shall be available to public and commercial service providers on equal terms. The SNRA, provide the basic road-related data and the commercial service providers develop products for the market, and The price for the data will be set to promote widespread use.
Data Used Existing road databases and producer resources shall be utilised as far as possible to enable the fastest possible construction of the national road database. Data from the SNRA and National Land Survey (NLS) includes all road networks in Sweden. Once this has been supplemented by local authority and forestry industry data, a road network covering the entire country will have been created. This procedure will eliminate any duplication of work in the future between the SNRA and the NLS, while co-ordinating up-dates and facilitating digital data exchange. Funding The Swedish Government has issued a directive to build up a nationwide road database containing up-to-date and quality- assured data. NVDB is managed by the SNRA in association with the NLS, the Swedish Association of Local Authorities, and the forest industry. The central annual cost at SNRA for the build-up and maintenance of NVDB is EURO 3.5 millions. The annual costs for other partners (municipalities, forest industry, and NLS) are EURO 1 million. Acknowledgements More information about the project can be found on www.vv.se/nvdb
GINIE
Page 2
Case Study
StrateGIS Per Söderström County Administration Västra Götaland
[email protected] Keywords: GIS, Education, Public Sector, Municipality, County Administration, Politician, Decision Maker
Description of Application The StrateGIS project is a nation-wide Swedish educational programme aimed to enhance the use of geographical information systems in the public sector, especially municipalities, cities, and county administrations. The task to carry out the programme is assigned to the County administration boards by the Swedish Government. The education is conducted independently in each county, within the framework drawn up by a central project steering committee. In order to penetrate the administrations from top to bottom the programme is divided into three phases aimed at different target groups: Phase Target group 1 Politicians and decision makers (senior officials) 2 Geographic information officers 3
End users
Objective The benefit with GIS How to implement and manage GIS How to utilise GIS
Performance Centrally produced information package Regional co-ordination groups Local training
The StrateGIS project aims to: - Increase the use of GIS in public service, - Make the usage of GIS to enable presentation of societal planning on Internet – thus increasing the option for influence from the citizens, and - Be a prerequisite for increased use of GIS is higher skills among the personnel within the regional governments and city administrations. Benefits By raising the knowledge and awareness of GIS and geographic information, at all levels, will in the end improve: - The information exchange within the societal planning process, - The democratic influence for the citizens on the societal planning activities, - The efficiency within the regional and city administrations, and - The implementation of Internet/intranet in societal planning process.
GINIE
Page 1
Case Study
Issues Basic objectives for StrateGIS are: - Stimulate to use of GIS, - Initiate increased production of digital data, - Facilitate data exchange, and - Contribute to increased co-operation between data producers and data users. Data Used The entire course-material was published and distributed through the StrateGIS-web. The training is supported by tutorial Web-GIS produced by the project. Funding In all, the project continues to 2003 with a total funding of approximately EURO 2.5 millions. The number of participants is estimated to around 5.000 in the first phase, 1.000 in the second and at least 20.000 in the final phase. Acknowledgements More information about the project can be found on www.lst.se/strategis
GINIE
Page 2
Case Study
WATERSHED DELINEATION Authors: the GIS Coordination Office of the State of Luzern www.gis-luzern.ch
Keywords: Watershed delineation, catchment statistics, hydrology Description of Application Watersheds are very often used as basic units for sustainable natural resource planning. In the past watersheds were delineated manually based on contour lines. Modern Geographic Information System (GIS) Technologies offer the potential to perform the delineation of watersheds in an automated manner. The GIS – Coordination office of the State of Lucerne has developed a GIS application with a User-friendly interface for watershed delineation and specification of watershed relevant parameters. This tool is specially designed for non GIS users. The user defines the pour point of a desired watershed interactively. Based on this specified pour point the application automatically delineates the watershed based on the digital terrain model. Furthermore following basic statistic figures are automatically computed and displayed for the catchments of interest:
Catchment area Slope classes Land Cover (forest, settlement, agriculture, unproductive area, road, water) Total length of linear hydrological features within the watershed Highest and lowest elevation point Mean elevation Mean slope
In addition a cross-section along the main river channel is produced. The watershed and the above mentioned biophysical parameters are presented in form of a map.
GINIE
Page 1
Case Study
Benefits The mentioned GIS application facilitates many planning and management issues in the field of hydraulic planning and engineering:
Automatic watershed delineation Presentation of the key biophysical characteristics of each watershed User-friendly interface The application can be easily extended
Issues At the moment the application is only used by hydraulic engineers as a basis to estimate potential discharge at a watershed’s pour point. To be able to use the described application in the broader context of sustainable natural resource management following additional statistics should be provided:
Soil types, mean water retention of soils Fraction of sealed surface Climatic data Land use Flow regime Man made linear drainage features Population and census data
Data used Digital terrain model and its derivates (e.g. slope, flow accumulation, flow direction) River network Land cover data Funding The GIS Coordination Office of the state of Lucerne implemented this application on demand of the Department of Public Works in 2001. The Department of Public Works has the mandate and budget to manage the areas of traffic, streets, bridge construction and water. The GIS application for watershed delineation is successfully used as a daily working instrument within street and settlement planning for estimation of high water.
GINIE
Page 2
Case Study
TOOL FOR PLANNING PUBLIC TRANSPORT Authors: the GIS Coordination Office of the State of Luzern www.gis-luzern.ch
Keywords: Public transport, census database, subvention distribution, timetable planning Description of Application Switzerland has a very dense public transport network even reaching very remote mountainous areas. The cost for this service is shared among three levels: National, State and commune. The Swiss government provides a certain amount of subsidies to the respective department of each state. The state (e.g. Lucerne) distributes these funds to the communes for maintenance and development of new infrastructure, according to the number of potential communal users of the various public transportation means. The number of potential public transport users is defined by the number of inhabitants and the number of jobs in the catchment of each public transport stop. To enable the respective department of the state of Lucerne, to develop a key to distribute the budget to each commune an application was developed linking a Geographic Information System (GIS) with the census database of the state. Firstly, theoretical catchments for each public transport stop are delineated. If a catchment area is spread across two or more communities, it is split at the communal boundaries. Through a combination of the census database and the geographic location of these stations the number of potential users is calculated for each public transport stop. These values are then fed into a database application of the respective state department where a key for cost distribution at communal level is automatically calculated. The information gained from the above-mentioned analyses is important for public transport planning as well as for resource allocation in general.
GINIE
Page 1
Case Study
Benefits The use of GIS contributes to many planning and management tasks in the field of public transportation:
Evaluation of a cost and subvention distribution key Easy update if new census data are available or a change in public transport stops takes place Facilitation of the identification of non profitably stops Support of timetable planning efforts
Issues At the moment the algorithm used to delineate the catchments for public transport stops is quite simple. To define more accurate and realistic catchments boundaries a cost-distance function could be used. Potential public transport user data should be linked to actual (survey) user data to determine the quality of the statistical statements and to enhance it. Develop a tool to identify areas where public transport is foreseen in the future. Data used Support of timetable planning efforts Census data (Database) Location of public transport stops (GIS data) Boundaries (GIS data) Funding The GIS Coordination Office of the State of Lucerne implemented this application on demand of the Department of Public Works in 1996. The Public Works Department has the mandate and budget to manage public transportation. Parts of these funds are used for the development of this application and its yearly adjustment to new census / public transport stops data.
GINIE
Page 2
Annex 1 The GINIE case study template [Title: punchy, not more than 8 words] [Author/organisation] Keywords – please provide up to five keywords related to the case study. Photograph + acknowledgements (it is mandatory to supply a photograph) Note: Please ensure the colour photograph or (35 mm slide, or negative/positive) is of a quality that is readable when reduced to a size 5.2 cms by 8.2 cms to fit the page and when printed. The photograph should clearly indicate to the lay reader the application area to which the case study appertains. Description of Application Describe in not more than 300 words the real world application using language that will be readily understood by the lay reader. Use subtitles to break it up. Is the application mandatory as a result of government legislation? (Note: This section of the case study is mandatory. Benefits List up to a maximum of four benefits (as bullet points) in order of greatest benefit first. i.e. list in descending order. The benefits to be those to the Country (Society) rather than to the efficiency of the organisation. Note: This section of the case study is mandatory. Issues List the issues resolved and/or outstanding which need to be addressed related to this case study. For the outstanding issues whom should take action to resolve them and why. Note: This section of the case study is mandatory. Data Used List the data sets used (as bullet points) and provide an indication whether the data set is internal or external to the organisation. List the datasets that provided the key benefits first. Use terms that will be understood by the lay reader. Note: This section of the case study is optional. Relevant background information Briefly describe using language that will be readily understood by the lay reader any relevant background information which would assist in the understanding of this case study. e.g. does the application conform to any GI standards? Is the application in constant use, periodic use or used for a one off event such as managing a major public event? How many people use the application? (directly as users and indirectly as recipients of the information produced by the application). Note: This section of the case study is optional. Funding Briefly outline how the application was funded. e.g. did the application receive any funding from government or European or other sources? Is the application funded by the use of the application. i.e. by provision of a service? Was it funded internally within the organisation. Provide an indication if known of the expected pay back period. Note: This section of the case study is mandatory Acknowledgements List any relevant acknowledgements, references (such as relevant legislation, or World Wide Web URL where the application is accessible). Please indicate whether this case study has been published before if so where and when. Note: This section of the case study is optional.
