Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination within Mississippi shellfish: implications for seafood safety and ecological impacts Scott P. Milroy, Ph.D. USM Department of Marine Science © 2010-2012 2012 Northern Gulf Institute (NGI) Annual Conference Stennis Space Center, Mississippi May 23-24, 2012
Special Thanks
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Andreas Moshogianis
Steve Lohrenz, Ph.D.
Charlotte Brunner, Ph.D.
Alan Shiller, Ph.D.
Stephan Howden, Ph.D.
Kevin Yeager, Ph.D.
Graduate Research Assistant
DMS Professor
DMS Associate Professor
Janet Jones, Ph.D. (Commercial Director) Kate Wiley, Ph.D. (Commercial Manager) Ken Scally, Ph.D. (Technical Director) Bob Milward, Ph.D. (Organic Chemist) Jim Jones, Ph.D., M.D. (Organic Chemist)
DMS Chair and Professor
DMS Professor
DMS Assistant Professor
Kevin Martin, M.S.
DMS Hydrographic Technician
BP-Deepwater Horizon
DwH Genesis Event
• 4.9 million barrels of crude oil spilled over the course of 86 days (~57,303 barrels/day) • Equivalent to 206,980,000 gal (~2.4 million gallons/day) ±10%
Constituents of Crude
Volatility
MC252 SLC
http://cctft.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/hydrocarbons.gif
• “Sweet” Louisiana Crude (SLC) oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, all of which are toxic to varying degrees…
Constituents of Crude
MC252 SLC • SLC also contains a wide variety of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). • Higher MW PAHs are generally more toxic and more persistent in the ecosystem…
http://thevkq308bm.wikispaces.com/file/view/acampbell.png
BP-NGI EcoImpact Study Assess PAH contamination within the coastal food web: • Sediments • Surface/Bottom Water • 20 – 53 mm Suspended Particles • 54+ mm Suspended Particles • Composite Oyster Tissue • Composite Shrimp Tissue • Composite Finfish Tissue
Ultimately, these data were used to: • Verify FDA LOC calculations • Re-calculate LOCs based on: 1) Body Weight (BW) vs. Consumption Rate (CR) 2) NRDC Survey of Gulf Coast residents’ seafood consumption 3) Cancer Risk Level (RL) from Exxon Valdez
http://www.fda.gov/Food/ucm217601.htm
BP-NGI EcoImpact Results: BP-NGI EcoImpact Results: D Protocol from FDA • Composite of ~200 grams edible tissue only: ≥ 15 oysters (no mantle fluid) ≥ 0.5 lbs. shrimp (peeled, uncooked tails)
• Composite of ~200 grams whole organism: ≥ 15 oysters (including mantle fluid) ≥ 200 grams shrimp (sectioned bilaterally, then divided betweeen cephalothorax & abdomen)
Hydrocarbon Content (C10-C36) 30.6% 69.4%
BP-NGI EcoImpact Stations:
Summer – Fall 2010
Re-open order (FDA) issued 05 Aug 2010
Re-open order (FDA) issued 18 Aug 2010
30 AUG – 03 SEP 2010 21 NOV 2010
BP-NGI EcoImpact Results: Aug/Sep 2010 –
Oysters (Whole)
15,670 - 30,340 ppb
C0-Naphthalene Naph “Level of Concern” 133,000 ppb (assuming 90%ile consumption rate of 12g d-1)
All other PAHs were BDL (
