Michigan State University James Madison College Spring 2011 MC 320, Section 1 Time: Tu Th 3:00 pm – 4:20 pm Location: 342 Case Hall

Professor Yasumasa Komori Email: [email protected] Phone: 517-884-1269 Office: 309 S. Case Hall Office Hours: Tu Th: 4:30 – 5:45 pm or by appointment

Politics, Society, and Economy in the Third World Course Description This course examines various aspects of political, economic, and social development in the “Third World” (also known as the “developing world”). The vast majority of people in the contemporary international system live in the developing world, encompassing more than 150 countries in Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East. Despite their great diversity, many nations of the developing world share a number of common characteristics, such as poverty, legacies of colonialism, external vulnerability and dependency, internal political and social instability, challenges of state-building, state failure, ethnic conflict, human rights abuses, and so forth. This course aims to help students to identify and critically analyze the major issues and challenges facing the developing nations. The main objectives of the course are fourfold: 1) to introduce you to the key concepts and major theoretical perspectives in the study of the developing world; 2) to recognize the political and socioeconomic differences between developed and developing countries and the significant variation within the developing world; 3) to develop analytic skills to explore various factors that shape political, economic, and social development and underdevelopment in the developing world; and 4) to investigate the impact of the changing dynamics of the international system on the developing world. The course consists of four parts. The first section provides a brief overview of the main challenges of the Third World development, the meanings of key concepts, such as “Third World,” “development,” “poverty,” and “inequality,” and the major analytical approaches to the study of the developing world. For the rest of the course, we will explore different aspects of underdevelopment and challenges of Third World countries. Part II: International Political Economy will explore different economic development experiences in the Third World. Part III: Conflict and Instability will explore the underlying causes of military conflicts and security problems in the Third World. Part IV: State and Society in the Third World will aim to enrich your understanding of the complex relationship between politics and culture in the Third World. In addition, we will examine in detail the different development experiences of six developing nations: China, India, Nigeria, Iran, Mexico, and Brazil.

Required Texts • • • •

Howard Handelman, The Challenge of Third World Development, 6th ed. (Boston: Longman, 2011). Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007). Mohammed Ayoob, The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the International System (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1995). William A. Joseph, Mark Kesselman, and Joel Krieger, Introduction to Politics of the Developing World, 5th ed. (Boston: Wadsworth, 2010) (JKK)

All the required books are available for purchase at the area bookstores. They are also on reserve at the university library. All the required articles are available online (The hyperlinks to the articles are provided in the ANGEL-version of this syllabus. Many of them are available through the library website. I did my best to provide the permanent link. However, if the link does not work, please go to the library website (http://www2.lib.msu.edu/) > Choose “E-resources” under “Resources” > Type the title of the journal > Find the article by the year/issue number or search by the author’s name or the title of the article. In addition, you are expected to follow news on the developing world in the major newspapers, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Economist, and The Financial Times. I will occasionally post important news articles to ANGEL, which may be discussed in class. Requirements 1. Class Participation and Attendance: You are expected to attend every class session except in cases of illness, family emergency, or religious holidays. Missing more than three class sessions without appropriate documentation (such as a doctor’s note) will hurt your participation grade (Students who have failed to attend at least two-thirds of the classes without due cause will receive a 0 for this course). Each student is expected to complete the required readings BEFORE CLASS and to participate actively in class discussion. Class participation is measured by the quality of your thoughtful contributions to the class discussion. 2. Reading Memos: Each student is required to write EIGHT one-page memos (single-space) during the semester (You need to submit four of them before the midterm and the rest after the midterm). The memo should include a brief summary of the main arguments of the readings, your critical reactions, and two questions for class discussion at the end. Upload your memos to ANGEL by 10:00pm the night before the class session for which the readings are assigned. This assignment will not be graded. However, failure to submit at least eight memos will hurt your participation grade severely. 3. Case Studies / Group Presentations: Each student will select one country from the list of countries covered in the JKK book (i.e. China, India, Mexico, Brazil, Nigeria, and Iran). A group of about five students will be assigned to make a 40 minute professional Power Point presentation (approximately 7-8 minutes for each presenter).

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Each chapter is composed of five sections. Thus, each member of the group will be expected to research and present on one of the five sections. Each student is expected to use at least five sources besides the textbook. While you are expected to present as a group (thus, the coherence of the whole group presentation will be considered), grades will be based on individual performance on your presentation. The date of your presentation will be decided on January 20. You are required to submit your Power Point slides to ANGEL by 9:00pm the day before your presentation. You should not read your presentations or rely heavily on your notes. Doing so will be severely penalized. 4. Exams: There will be two in-class exams. Both exams will test your understanding of the readings, class lectures/discussions, and other class activities. Each exam will consist of ID questions (i.e., identification of key concepts, events, and people, etc), short answers, and one essay. The final exam will be cumulative, though it will be mostly drawn from the second part of the course after the mid-term. No make-up exams will be given except in case of medical or family emergency (Appropriate documentation will be required). 5. Research Project: a. Proposal: You need to meet with me to discuss your research topic early in the semester. After your topic is approved by the instructor, you are required to write and submit a formal proposal of 3-4 pages (double-spaced, 12-point font) by Friday, February 25 at 4:00pm. The proposal should include your central research question, your (tentative) argument, a short literature review (i.e., your critical evaluation of what has been written about your topic; it is NOT an annotated bibliography), and a preliminary bibliography (in addition to the 3-4 pages). The proposal should be properly cited. b. First Draft (Optional): You are encouraged to submit the first draft of your research paper. The draft should be at least 9-10 pages. It should not be a rough draft. If you decide to submit the first draft, you need to make a substantial progress on your final draft, based on my feedback and your continued efforts. It is due on Tuesday, March 29 at 4:00pm. c. Final Paper: The final draft should be 10-12 pages (double-spaced, 12-point font, minimum 15 titles in the reference list). There should be a separate front page with the title of the paper, your name, and your e-mail address. You should insert page numbers on every page. Writing style will be considered in grading the paper. It is due on Friday, April 29 at 4:00pm. Grades Every assignment must be completed to pass this course. Final grades will be based on the following criteria: Participation Proposal

13% 7%

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Case Study Group Presentation Midterm Exam Final Exam Research Paper

10% 20% 25% 25%

Key Dates • • • •

February 25 (F): Proposal due by 4:00pm* March 1: Mid-term Exam April 29 (F): Final draft due by 4:00pm* May 2 (M): 3:00-500pm: Final exam

* For each day your paper is late, your grade will be deducted by 0.5. Please submit a hard copy of your paper in my mailbox AND upload its electronic file to ANGEL by 4:00pm. When you upload your paper to ANGEL, you need to use Explorer or Firefox, because ANGEL does not support Safari or Chrome. It is your responsibility to upload your file properly. Honors Option Students enrolled in MC 320 may receive honors credit for the course. If you are interested in the honors option, please let me know during the first week. To receive honors credit, you must write a second research paper (10-12 pages, double-spaced, 12-point font, minimum 15 titles in the reference list) and a book review (5-6 pages, double-spaced, 12-point font) of the following book. •

Dambisa Moyo, Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux).

You must receive at least a grade of 3.5 in the course to receive honors credit. Academic Integrity JMC and MSU policies on academic integrity and plagiarism will be strictly enforced in this course. See the JMC’s student Handbook section, Standard and Expectations, and the MSU’s policies on plagiarism available in the following link: http://www.msu.edu/unit/ombud/plagiarism.html Students with Disabilities If you have a disability that requires special testing accommodations or other classroom modifications, you need to notify both the instructor and the Resource Center for Persons with Disabilities (RCPD) (http://www.rcpd.msu.edu/Home/). To notify the Center, call (517)353-9642. The Center is located in 120 Bessey Hall. You may be asked to provide documentation of your disability to determine the appropriateness of accommodations. Note: This syllabus is subject to minor changes at the instructor’s discretion.

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Course Schedule and Readings January 11 (T): Course Overview •

Syllabus

PART I: UNDERSTANDING THE THIRD WORLD January 13 (Th): What is the Third World? •

JKK, chapter 1, “Introducing Politics of the Developing World,” pp. 1-47.

Recommended • Mark T. Berger, “After the Third World? History, Destiny and the Fate of Third Worldism,” Third World Quarterly 25(1) (2004), pp. 9-39. January 18 (T): What is Development / Underdevelopment? • • • •

Handelman, chapter 1, “Understanding Underdevelopment,” pp. 1-15. William Easterly, “The Ideology of Development,” Foreign Policy 161 (July/August 2007), pp. 31-35. Richard N. Cooper, “The Road From Serfdom: Amartya Sen Argues that Growth Is Not Enough,” Foreign Affairs 79(1) (2000), pp. 163-167. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Summary: Human Development Report 2010: The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development (New York: UNDP, 2010), http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR10 EN summary_without table.pdf

Recommended • Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom (New York: Knopf, 1999). • UNDP, Human Development Report 2010: The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development (New York: Palgrave, 2010), http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2010/ January 20 (Th): Poverty and Inequality • • • •

Jeffrey Sachs, “Exclusive Book Excerpt: The End of Poverty,” Time March 14, 2005, Available at: o http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1034738-3,00.html Collier, chapter 1, “Falling Behind and Falling Apart: The Bottom Billion,” pp. 3-13. UNDP, “The Human Poverty Index (HPI),” http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/indices/hpi/ Ravi Kanbur, “Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Some Hard Questions,” Journal of International Affairs 58(2) (Spring 2005), pp. 223-232.

Recommended

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Caterina Ruggeri Landerchi, Ruhi Saith, and Frances Stewart, “Does It Matter that We Do Not Agree on the Definition of Poverty? A Comparison of Four Approaches,” Oxford Development Studies 31(3) (2003), pp. 243-274.

January 25 (T): Sources of Poverty • • • •

Collier, chapter 2, “The Conflict Trap,” pp. 17-37. Collier, chapter 3, “The Natural Resource Trap,” pp. 38-52. Collier, chapter 4, “Landlocked with Bad Neighbors,” pp. 53-63. Collier, chapter 5, “Bad Governance in a Small Country,” pp. 64-75.

January 27 (Th): Modernization and Dependency Theory • •

Handelman, chapter 1, “Understanding Underdevelopment,” pp. 15-27. Frances Hagopian, “Political Development, Revisited,” Comparative Political Studies 33(6/7) (2000), pp. 880-910.

Recommended • Howard J. Wiarda, “Toward Consensus in Interpreting Latin American Politics: Developmentalism, Dependency and ‘The Latin American Tradition’,” Studies in Comparative International Development 34(2) (Summer 1999), pp. 50-69. PART II: INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY February 1 (T): Development Strategies • •

Handelman, chapter 10, “The Political Economy of Third World Development,” pp. 276-310. Robert Wade, “After the Crisis: Industrial Policy and the Developmental State in Low-Income Countries,” Global Policy 1(2) (May 2010), pp. 150-161.

Recommended: • Ha-Joon Chang, “Kicking Away the Ladder: Infant Industry Promotion in Historical Perspective,” Oxford Development Studies 31(1) (2003), pp. 21-32. o http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&issn=13600818&volume=31&issue=1&spage=21 • Stephan Haggard, “Institutions and Growth in East Asia,” Studies in Comparative International Development 38(4) (Winter 2004), pp. 53-81. February 3 (Th): Comparative Development Experiences • • • •

Nancy Birdsall, Dani Rodrick, and Arvind Subramanian, “How to Help Poor Countries,” Foreign Affairs 84 (4) (July/August 2005), pp. 136-152. Paul Collier and Jan Willem Gunning, “Why Has Africa Grown Slowly?” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 13(3) (Summer 1999), pp. 3-22. Carol Lancaster, “Development in Africa: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly,” Current History 104 (May 2005), pp. 222-227. Steven Radelet, “Emerging Africa: How 17 Countries Are Leading the Way (Brief),” http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424419/

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Recommended • Dani Rodrik, “Diagnostics before Prescription, “Journal of Economic Perspectives 24(3) (Summer 2010), pp. 33-44. February 8 (T): Globalization, Poverty, and Inequality • • • •

David Dollar, “Globalization, Poverty, and Inequality since 1980,” The World Bank Research Observer 20(2) (2005), pp. 145-175. “More or Less Equal? Is Economic Inequality Around the World Getting Better or Worse?” The Economist, March 11, 2004, http://www.economist.com/node/2498851?story_id=2498851 Moisés Naím, “Our Inequality Anxiety,” Foreign Policy (May/June 2006), pp. 96, 95. Collier, chapter 6, “On Missing the Boat: The Marginalization of the Bottom Billion in the World Economy,” pp. 79-96.

Recommended: • Robert Hunter Wade, “Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality?” World Development 32(4) (2003), pp. 567-589. • Robert H. Wade and Martin Wolf, “Are Global Poverty and Inequality Getting Worse? Yes: Robert Wade, No: Martin Wolf,” Prospect (March 2002), pp. 16-21. February 10 (Th): Foreign Aid • • • •

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Steven Radelet, Michael Clemens, and Rikhil Bhavnani, “Aid and Growth,” Finance and Development (September 2005), pp. 16-20. Collier, chapter 7, “Aid to the Rescue?” pp. 99-123. Jeffrey D. Sachs, “Foreign Aid Skeptics Thrive on Pessimism,” Los Angeles Times, May 7, 2006, http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/LA_Times_May07_2006.pdf William Easterly, “The Handouts That Feed Poverty,” Los Angeles Times, April 30, 2006, http://williameasterly.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/latimes_thehandoutsthatfeedpover ty_043006.pdf Amartya Sen, “The Man Without a Plan,” Foreign Affairs 85(2) (March/April 2006), pp. 171-177. Moisés Naím, “Rogue Aid,” Foreign Policy (March/April 2007), pp. 96, 95.

Recommended: • Mark Sundberg and Alan Gelb, “Making Aid Work,” Finance and Development (September 2005), pp. 9-13. • William Easterly, “The Utopian Nightmare,” Foreign Policy (September/October 2005), pp. 58-64. • William Easterly and Tobias Pfutze, “Where Does the Money Go? Best and Worst Practices in Foreign Aid,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 22(2) (Spring 2008), pp. 29-52.

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PART III: CONFLICT AND INSTABILITY February 15 (T): State-Building, State Failure, and State Collapse • • •

Ayoob, chapter 1, “Concepts and Definitions: “Third World” and “Security,” pp. 119. Ayoob, chapter 2, “State Making and Third World Security,” pp. 21-45. William Reno, “Congo: From State Collapse to ‘Absolutism,’ to State Failure,” Third World Quarterly 27(1) (2006), pp. 43-56.

Recommended: • Mark T. Berger, “From Nation-Building to State-Building: The Geopolitics of Development, the Nation-State System and the Changing Global Order,” Third World Quarterly 27(1) (2006), pp. 5-25. • Robert I. Rotberg, “Failed States in a World of Terror,” Foreign Affairs 81(4)(July/August 2002), pp. 127-140. • The Fund for Peace, “Failed States Index 2010, http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4 52&Itemid=900 February 17 (Th): Security Predicament in the Third World • • •

Ayoob, chapter 3, “Interstate Conflict and Regional Insecurity,” pp. 47-70. Ayoob, chapter 4, “The Third World and the System of States,” pp. 71-91. Ayoob, chapter 5, “The Third World, Bipolarity, and the Cold War,” pp. 93-114.

February 22 (T): Ethnic Conflict • •

Handelman, chapter 4, “The Politics of Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Conflict,” pp. 92-135. James Habyarimana et al., “Is Ethnic Conflict Inevitable?” Foreign Affairs 87(4) (July/August 2008), pp. 138-150.

Recommended: • Jerry Z. Muller, “Us and Them: The Enduring Power of Ethnic Nationalism,” Foreign Affairs 87(2)(March/April 2008), pp. 18-35. February 24 (Th): The Post-Cold War Security Predicament in the Third World • •

Ayoob, chapters 6 – 9, pp. 115-199. Andrew S. Natsios and Michael Abramowitz, “Sudan’s Secession Crisis: Can the South Part From the North Without War?” Foreign Affairs (January/February 2011).

Recommended • Andrew S. Natsios, “Beyond Darfur: Sudan’s Slide Toward Civil War,” Foreign Affairs 87 (May/June 2008), pp. 77-93. February 25 (F): Research Proposal Due at 4:00pm

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March 1 (T): MIDTERM-EXAM PART IV: STATE AND SOCIETY IN THE THIRD WORLD March 3 (Th): Democracy and Democratization •

Handelman, chapter 2, “Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy,” pp. 2857.

Recommended: • John B. Judis, “Putting Liberty First: The Case Against Democracy,” Foreign Affairs (May/June 2003), pp. 128-134. March 8 & 10: SPRING BREAK March 15 (T): CASE STUDY PRESENTATION: China •

William A. Joseph, “China,” in JKK, chapter 2, pp. 49-106.

March 17 (Th): CLASS CANCELLED

(I will be traveling to participate in an academic conference. The date of a makeup class will be determined by student availability). March 22 (T): CASE STUDY PRESENTATION: India •

Atul Kohli and Amrita Basu, “India,” in JKK, chapter 3, pp. 107-154

Recommended: • Gurcharan Das, “The India Model,” Foreign Affairs 85(4)(July/August 2006), pp. 216. • Ashutosh Varshney, “India’s Democratic Challenge,” Foreign Affairs 86(2) (March/April 2007), pp. 93-106. March 24 (Th): Democracy and Development •

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Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel, “How Development Leads to Democracy: What We Know about Modernization,” Foreign Affairs (March/April 2009), pp. 3348. o http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/HOL/Page?collection=journals &handle=hein.journals/fora88&id=247 Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and George W. Downs, “Development and Democracy,” Foreign Affairs 84(5) (2005), pp. 77-86. o http://www.heinonline.org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/HOL/Page?collection=journals &handle=hein.journals/fora84&id=292 Azar Gat, “The Return of Authoritarian Capitalists,” The New York Times, June 14, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/14/opinion/14iht-edgat.1.6137311.html

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Dani Rodrik, “The Myth of Authoritarian Growth,” Project Syndicate, August 8, 2010, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/rodrik46/English

Recommended: • Daniel Deudney and G. John Ikenberry, “The Myth of the Autocratic Revival: Why Liberal Democracy Will Prevail,” Foreign Affairs 88(1) (January/February 2009), pp. 77-93. • Ian Bremmer, “State Capitalism Comes of Age,” Foreign Affairs 88(3) (May/June 2009), pp. 40-55. • Adrian Leftwich, “Democracy and Development: A Contradiction in the Politics of Economics,” New Political Economy 7(2) (2002), pp. 269-273. March 29 (T): Religion and Politics •

Handelman, chapter 3, “Religion and Politics,” pp. 58-93.

Recommended: • Timothy Samuel Shah and Monica Duffy Toft, “Why God Is Winning,” Foreign Policy 155 (July/August 2006), pp. 38-43. • Ukoha Unkiwo, “Politics, Ethno-Religious Conflicts and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria,” Journal of Modern African Studies 41(1) (2003), pp. 115-138. March 31 (Th): Women and Development • •

Handelman, chapter 5, “Women and Development,” pp. 133-165. Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, “The Women’s Crusade,” The New York Times, August 17, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/23/magazine/23Woment.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2

Recommended • Swanee Hunt, “Let Women Rule,” Foreign Affairs 86(3) (May/June 2007), pp. 109212. April 5 (T): CASE STUDY PRESENTATION: Nigeria •

Darren Kew and Peter Lewis, “Nigeria,” in JKK, chapter 6, pp. 258-307.

Recommended • Rita Kiki Edozie, People Power and Democracy: The Popular Movement against Military Despotism in Nigeria, 1989-1999 (Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2002). • Ike Okonta, “Nigeria: Chronicle of a Dying State,” Current History 104 (May 2005), pp. 203-208. April 7 (Th): CASE STUDY PRESENTATION: Iran •

Ervand Abrahamian, “Iran,” in JKK, chapter 7, pp. 310-353.

April 12 (T): Revolutionary Change

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Handelman, chapter 8, “Revolutionary Change,” pp. 219-243.

April 14 (Th): The Military and Politics •

Handelman, chapter 9, “Soldiers and Politics,” pp. 244-275.

April 19 (T): CASE STUDY PRESENTATION: Mexico •

Merille S. Grindle, “Mexico,” in JKK, chapter 4, pp. 156-199.

April 21 (Th): CASE STUDY PRESENTATION: Brazil •

Alfred P. Montero, “Brazil,” in JKK, chapter 5, pp. 202-255.

April 26(T): What Can We Do To Help Poor Countries? • • • •

Collier, chapter 8, “Military Intervention,” pp. 124-134. Collier, chapter 9, “Laws and Charters,” pp. 135-156. Collier, chapter 10, “Trade Policy for Reversing Marginalization,” pp. 157-172. Collier, chapter 11, “An Agenda for Action,” pp. 175-192.

April 28 (Th): Where Do We Go From Here? • •

David G. Victor, “Recovering Sustainable Development,” Foreign Affairs 85(1) (2006), pp. 91-103. Jeffrey Sachs, “Common Wealth,” Time, March 13, 2008, http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/printout/0,29239,1720049_1720050_17220 57,00.html#

April 29 (F): Research Paper Due at 4:00pm May 2 (Monday): 3:00-5:00 pm: FINAL EXAM

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